Way to English - 9 ano (Clique no último botão para ver em tela cheia)

TO9º- ano – Ensino Fundamental – Anos Finais – Língua Estrangeira Moderna – Inglês

WAY

9ENGLISH

for Brazilian Learners

Claudio Franco



TO9º- ano – Ensino Fundamental – Anos Finais – Língua Estrangeira Moderna – Inglês

WAY

9ENGLISH

for Brazilian Learners

Claudio de Paiva Franco

Doutor em Estudos Linguísticos (Linguística Aplicada)
pela UFMG.
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada pela UFRJ.
Professor de Língua Inglesa da Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ.
Proficiente em Inglês pela Universidade de Cambridge
(CPE), Inglaterra.
Foi professor de Educação Básica das redes estadual
(Ensino Médio) e federal (Ensino Fundamental e Médio).
Autor de livros didáticos de Inglês.

1a edição | São Paulo | 2015

Diretoria de conteúdo e inovação pedagógica
Mário Ghio Júnior

Diretoria editorial
Lidiane Vivaldini Olo

Gerência editorial
Luiz Tonolli

Editoria de Língua Estrangeira e Arte
Mirian Senra

Edição
Carmela Ferrante, Danuza Dias Gonçalves e

Barbara Manholeti (estag.)

Arte
Ricardo de Gan Braga (superv.),
Andréa Dellamagna (coord. de criação), Erik TS (program. visual),
Leandro Hiroshi Kanno (editor de arte),
Luiza Massucato (assist. de arte) e

Tangente Design (diagram.)

Revisão
Hélia de Jesus Gonsaga (ger.), Rosângela Muricy (coord.),
Ana Paula Chabaribery Malfa, Luís Maurício Boa Nova e

Brenda Morais (estag.)

Iconografia
Sílvio Kligin (superv.), Claudia Bertolazzi (pesquisa),
Cesar Wolf e Fernanda Crevin (tratamento de imagem)

Ilustrações
Galvão Bertazzi

Fotos da capa
Teatro Amazonas – Paul Springett C/Alamy/Latinstock
Obelisco Espacial – ChameleonsEye/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Guarda inglês – maziarz/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Folha de plátano – Andrei Seleznev/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Avião – Kletr/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Protótipos
Magali Prado

Título original da obra: Way to English for
Brazilian Learners – 9o ano

Copyright © Claudio de Paiva Franco

Direitos desta edição cedidos à Editora Ática S.A.
Avenida das Nações Unidas, 7221, 3o andar, Setor C

Pinheiros – São Paulo – SP – CEP 05425-902
Tel.: 4003-3061

www.atica.com.br / [email protected]

Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)
(Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil)

Franco, Claudio de Paiva
Way to English for Brazilian Learners : língua

estrangeira moderna : inglês : ensino fundamental II /
Claudio de Paiva Franco. -- 1. ed. -- São Paulo : Ática, 2015.

Obra em 4 v. para alunos do 6o ao 9o ano.

1. Inglês (Ensino fundamental) I. Título.

15-03431 CDD-372.652

Índice para catálogo sistemático:
1. Inglês : Ensino fundamental 372.652

2015
ISBN 978 85 08 17327 3 (AL)
ISBN 978 85 08 17338 9 (PR)

Cód. da obra CL 713392
CAE 543 644 (AL) / 543 626 (PR)

1a edição
1a impressão
Impressão e acabamento

2

Apresentação

Caro aluno

Você já deve ter percebido a presença da língua inglesa em
seu dia a dia – em filmes, músicas, jogos eletrônicos, sites etc.
Na Internet, o inglês é bastante utilizado para a divulgação de
conteúdos para pessoas do mundo inteiro. Na comunicação
entre indivíduos de diferentes países, seja a distância ou
presencialmente, a língua inglesa também é muito usada.
Assim, aprender inglês é importante para ter acesso a tudo
isso e poder participar de interações nesse idioma de forma
ativa e crítica.

Esta coleção foi planejada pensando em contribuir para sua
formação como indivíduo que utiliza a linguagem em diversas
práticas sociais. Dessa forma, as atividades foram elaboradas a
partir de situações de uso da língua inglesa para que você seja
capaz de desenvolver, de forma integrada, as habilidades de
ler, ouvir, falar e escrever em inglês. Além disso, a diversidade
cultural e a riqueza da variedade linguística são valorizadas.

Ao longo dos quatro volumes, você encontra uma grande
variedade de gêneros textuais e de temas de relevância para
você e a sociedade como um todo. Ao aprender a língua
inglesa, você descobre novas formas de pensar, sentir e agir
no mundo. Nesta coleção, o ensino da língua não acontece
de maneira isolada, mas é sempre articulado com as demais
disciplinas do currículo, convidando você a refletir criticamente
sobre diversas questões e a participar mais ativamente da
sua comunidade.

Como buscamos valorizar seu papel na construção coletiva
do conhecimento ao longo de toda a obra, esperamos que, ao
utilizar a coleção, você se sinta sempre convidado a se engajar
com entusiasmo, junto com seus colegas e seu professor,
em um processo de aprendizagem colaborativo, prazeroso e
enriquecedor.

Os Autores

3

Conheça seu livro

Conheça as seções que fazem parte deste livro.

tip Esta seção apresenta estratégias de aprendizagem e de leitura que vão All about
ajudar você a se sentir mais confiante para realizar as atividades propostas ao Movies
A longo do livro.
Warming Up!
Observe as Read the infographic below and do exercises 1-5.
relações entre Have you seen these movies? What are their names? Who are these characters?
os elementos Reprodu•‹o/<edgie.een.nl>
verbais e não Using an Online JaaEpveBreuitteCnodliljek/ctEivoenr/eKtteyCstololencet/ioWna/ltKeDiystnoenye/StSuudimosmitMEontiteorntaPiinctmureents
verbais.
Translator

Online translators can be very helpful, but they can also be very tricky.
So, use them carefully.

Tradutor

inglês português espanhol Detectar idioma português inglês espanhol Traduzir

1 Choose an online translator.

2 Insert the text in English you want to translate into Portuguese and wait for Reprodu•‹o/Espa•o Filmes

the translation.

3 . Read the text in Portuguese. Are there words, expressions or sentences that

sound strange?

4 . Read again the parts of the text in Portuguese that sound strange to you.

Take a look at the corresponding parts in English and try to identify possible
translation problems.

5 . Make the necessary adjustments.

The tips below can help you. Read them and take a look at the examples
that illustrate them. All the excerpts are from a biography of Jamie Oliver.

From: <www.ineesite.org/en/advocacy>. Accessed in: May 2015. a. Notice how prepositions are translated. Are they always translated in the same
way? Do they make sense in the text in Portuguese?
8  66 

Tradutor Warming Up!

inglês português espanhol Detectar idioma português inglês espanhol Traduzir Explore o título da unidade e as
imagens de abertura para levantar
Tips into Practice Original text in English Text translated into Portuguese hipóteses relacionadas ao tema.

Apresenta dicas para você colocar em Jamie Oliver is a British chef best known for Jamie Oliver é um chef britânico mais
prática diversas estratégias de leitura e his television series The Naked Chef and for conhecido por sua série de televisão The
campaigning for healthier diets in school Naked Chef e para fazer campanha para dietas
aprendizagem. children. (…) mais saudáveis em crianças em idade escolar.
Throughout the 2000s, he championed (...)
healthier eating for school children in the U.S. Ao longo da década de 2000, ele defendeu
and U.K. uma alimentação mais saudável para as
crianças da escola em os EUA e Reino Unido.

From: <www.biography.com/people/jamie-oliver-507439>. Accessed in: May 29th, 2015.

16

Using an Online Translator

Apresenta dicas práticas de como usar
um tradutor online.

Before Reading Vocabulary Study Taking it Further Reprodução/The Guardian
1 Circle the expressions in the box below that are related to climate change.
Reprodu•‹o/<www.epa.gov> Natural Disasters 1 Were you taught to respect people when you were little? In your opinion,
Use the Glossary if necessary.
animal protection • global warming • melting glaciers 1 Climate change is making the world more dangerous as it inscreases the when does gender equality start?
water waste • stronger storms • weather conditions
frequency and severity of some natural disasters. Match each disaster below 2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title, subtitle and
2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its layout, title, subtitle with its corresponding definition.
picture. What do you expect to read about?
and picture. What do you expect to read about in the text?
Now read the following text and do exercises 3-6.
Reading
www.theguardian.com
Now read the text below to check your predictions.
www.epa.gov Gender equality starts in childhood...
with the chores
Home > Learn the Basics Lucy Fisher cheered when she heard about a new law in Spain which forces children
to help with household tasks, regardless of their sex
Learn the Basics
Posted by Lucy Fisher
The Earth's climate is changing, and people's activities Thursday 8 May 2014
are the main cause.
Our world is always changing. Look out your window Mark Segal
long enough, and you might see the weather change.
Look even longer, and you'll see the seasons change. Tim Graham/Getty Images Bruno Ismael Silva Alves/Shutterstock/Glow Images Dariush M/Shutterstock/Glow Images Sunny Forest/Shutterstock/Glow Images
The Earth's climate is changing, too, but in ways that
you can't easily see. a. bushfire b. flood c. drought Washing up isnÕt just womenÕs work. Photograph: Mark Segal.Reprodução/<https://twitter.com>
The Earth is getting warmer because people are adding heat-trapping gases to the
atmosphere, mainly by burning fossil fuels. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Repina Valeriya/Shutterstock/Glow Images mTaira/Shutterstock/Glow Images GVictoria/Shutterstock/Glow Images It was the headline that made lazy teens worldwide shudder:
Warmer temperatures are causing other changes around the world, such as melting Spain is to introduce a law forcing children to do chores.
glaciers and stronger storms. These changes are happening because the Earth's air, d. hurricane e. earthquake f. tsunami
water, and land are all linked to the climate. The Earth's climate has changed before, but [...] There’s a surprisingly progressive detail in the Rights
this time is different. People are causing these changes, which are bigger and happening A violent storm with very strong winds. and Duties of Children Bill that’s worth noting: the “co-
faster than any climate changes that modern society has ever seen before. A long period when there is little or no rain. responsibility in caring for the home and performing
A large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry. household tasks” shall be carried out “regardless of...
Last updated on 8/28/2014. An extremely large wave caused by movement of the earth under the sea. gender”.
Available at: <www.epa.gov/climate/climatechange/kids/basics/index.html>. A sudden violent movement of the Earth's surface, often causing great
damage. [...] If we want a society of well-adjusted, self-sufficient adults, we must make
Accessed in: April 2015. A fire in a large area, especially one that spreads quickly. sure we equip children for all facets of life and give them an element of choice
in their future lives. And to do that, we must ensure that male and female
Language Note 5 2 Listen to the recording and repeat the items in exercise 1. children share equal obligations.
Climate X Weather
Weather is a specific event or condition that happens over a period of hours or days. Legalistic Spain has clearly come to the same conclusion too. [...] This latest
Climate refers to the average weather conditions in a place over many years (usually at least 30 years). law for children suggests that the nation now realises equality [...] needs to
Available at: <www.epa.gov/climate/climatechange/kids/basics/concepts.html>. Accessed in: April 2015. begin in childhood.

54 Unit 3 From: <www.theguardian.com/theobserver/she-said/2014/may/08/gender-equality-starts-in-childhood-with-
the-chores>. Accessed in: March 2015. (fragment)
Reading
24 Unit 1
Prepare-se para ler o texto principal
da unidade, fazer atividades de 3 What are the most frequent natural disasters in our country? Taking it Further

compreensão e refletir criticamente 56 Unit 3 Amplie seus conhecimentos sobre o
sobre o texto que acabou de ler. tema da unidade.

4 Vocabulary Study

Estude o vocabulário de forma
sistemática e contextualizada.

Language in Use Listening and Speaking

Modal Verbs (Should, Must, Have to) 1 Do you like poetry? Have you ever written a poem to a friend? If so, what

1 Read again the following fragments from the text on page 34. Then, mark was it about?

the correct item that completes each sentence below. 9 2 Listen to a woman reciting a poem written by Gerald Arthus in 1982. What is

I. “you should only use MP3 devices at levels up to 60% of maximum Le@rning on it about?
volume” the Web
Para 3 Listen to the recording again and answer the questions below.
II. “The louder the volume, the shorter your duration should be.” conhecer
III. “At maximum volume, you should listen for only about five minutes a day.” outros 9
poemas
a. The modal verb should expresses Language in Use de Gerald Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora Listening and
an obligation. Arthus, visite: Speaking
a recommendation. Aprimore seus <archive.
conhecimentos org/details/ Participe de
b. We use should gramaticais a partir arthusgerard atividades de ouvir e
before the main verb in the infinitive (without to). de situações de uso poems> falar em inglês, com
after the main verb in the infinitive (without to). da língua. (acesso em: uso de áudio e com
abril de seus colegas.
2 Go back to the text “Healthy computing” on page 37 and find examples 2015).

of sentences with should. Then, write down the sentence with the negative a. What is the best gift that a person can give?
form of should.

b. In the poem, what is life compared to? Why?

Language 3 Based on the same text, mark the correct statement about healthy 4 According to the poem, which words help friendship become love? Do you
Note
computing. agree with the poet?
shouldn’t =
should not Children should use adjustable furniture. Confidence. Honesty.
Children shouldn’t use adjustable furniture.
Freedom. Responsibility.
Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora
Generosity. Sacrifice.

9 5 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercises 3

and 4.

9 6 The poem contains rhymes. Listen to the recording again and write down

the words that rhyme with the ones below as in the example.

tip a. The word give rhymes with live .

Ao ouvir b. The word flower rhymes with .
o poema, c. The word time rhymes with .
observe o d. The word sleep rhymes with .
efeito das 7 Did you like the poem? Why (not)?
pausas e do
ritmo.

38 Unit 2 96 Unit 5

Writing Looking Ahead

In this unit you have read some weekly weather forecasts for different regions In this unit you have talked about movies. Read the infographic below about gender
in Brazil. Go back to page 59 and explore the structure of this genre. Visit the inequality in Hollywood. Then, in small groups, discuss the following questions about it.
website <www.weatheronline.co.uk> to find other examples of weather forecasts.
Reprodu•‹o/New York Film Academy FORBES 2014 LIST OF THE TOP TEN HIGHEST PAID ACTRESSES MADE A COLLECTIVE
1 In pairs, get to know about the weather in your town for the next few days $226 MILLION VERSUS $419 MILLION MADE BY THE TOP MALE ACTORS, AN
INCREASE OF 24% FROM 2013.
and write a weather forecast. It is going to help you plan what you can do
with your friends and family.

gst/Shutterstock/Glow Images MEN $419 MILLION
WOMEN
$226 MILLION

tip IN 2014 ONLY TWO WOMEN, SANDRA BULLOCK AND JENNIFER LAWRENCE, CRACKED THE TOP TEN LIST OF
HIGHEST PAID ACTORS, AN INCREASE OVER THE ONE FEMALE ACTRESS IN 2013 TO DO SO. IN ADDITION,
Ao revisar AGE STILL APPEARS TO BE A FACTOR IN AN ACTRESSÕS MONETARY SUCCESS AS COMPARED TO MEN.
o texto,
considere, por Writing Context $75
exemplo: 75 Of the 16 biggest paychecks earned
Writing Before writing your text, complete the gaps below to identify the 70
• objetivo: O elements of the writing context. 65 by actors per flm, not a single one
Escreva um texto a texto está
partir da observação adequado ao a. Writer: you and Looking Ahead millions of dolars 60 was earned by a female actor
público-alvo b. Readers: classmates and other people 55 $52 $51
de textos que você e ao seu c. Genre: Debata com seus
explorou na unidade. objetivo? d. Objective: help you plan colegas questões 50 $46
e. Style: informative tone relevantes sobre o
• conteúdo: f. Media: school board / Internet tema da unidade. 45 $39 $37 $36 $35 $35 $34 $32 $32 $31
Os detalhes 40
sobre a Step by Step 35
previsão 1. Find what the weather in your town is expected to be for the next few days. You
do tempo 30
para a sua can check the weather for your town on websites like <www.weather.com> and
região foram <www.accuweather.com>. 25 $19 $18 $18 $17
verificados e 2. Collect the information you need (dates, weather, temperatures). Try to provide 20
estão an overall view of the weather conditions of your area. 15 $13 $13 $12
corretos? 3. Make the first version of the weather forecast by hand.
4. Include a small weather map of your area. You can also include the activities 10
• ortografia: you plan to do according to each day's weather conditions.
As palavras 5. Exchange texts with a classmate and discuss them. Robert Downey Jr (49)
estão 6. Make the necessary corrections. Dwayne Johnson (42)
escritas 7. Write the final version of your weather forecast by hand or use a computer to
correta- design it. Sandra Bullock (50)
mente? Bradley Cooper (39)
Leonardo Dicaprio (40)
Reescreva seu Chris Hemsworth (31)
texto com base
na revisão feita Liam Neeson (62)
por você e seus Ben Affeck (42)
colegas.
Christian Bale (40)
Jennifer Lawrence (24)

Will Smith (46)
Mark Wahlberg (43)
Jennifer Aniston (45)
Gwyneth Paltrow (42)
Angelina Jolie (39)
Cameron Diaz (40)
Scarlett Johansson (30)

Amy Adams (40)
Natalie Portman (33)
Kristen Stewart (24)

Median Age: 43.4 Median Age: 36.9

Available at: <www.nyfa.edu/nyfa-news/has-female-equality-in-hollywood-progressed-
in-2014.php>. Accessed in: April 2015.

a. According to the text, who had the highest salaries in 2014: female or male stars?
Who was the highest paid star?

b. Who were the two highest paid actresses in 2014?

c. Is the highest paid actress younger or older than the highest paid male actor?

d. Based on the infographic above, is there gender equality in Hollywood movies? In your
opinion, what can be done in order to improve gender diversity in the film industry?

2 It's time to share your weather forecast with your classmates and other people. Extra Reading

You can use your computer's text editor to create your weather forecast. <www.nyfa.edu/film-school-blog/gender-inequality-in-film/>
<www.theguardian.com/film/2014/jul/22/gender-bias-film-industry-75-percent-male>
<www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/dec/01/hollywood-women-inequality-film-industry>
<http://movies.amctv.com/movie-guide/50-greatest-female-movie-characters/>

64 Unit 3 All about Movies 79

Time for Fun! 1A

It’s time to play the board game “Have you ever...?” with your classmates. Learning with movies (First Part)

INSTRUCTIONS Na unidade 1, você falou sobre igualdade de direitos. Agora, leia a tarefa abaixo
para fazer a primeira parte do Project 1, Learning with Movies.
You need: Move ahead 1 space! • Comece o jogo na casa START.
a die • Go to the next space. • Jogue o dado para mover sua TASK: In small groups, work on a short movie script based on scenes from different inspirational
movies you have already seen or heard of. Select the most interesting dialogs related to
a counter Miss a turn! peça. the topic “equal rights for all” and arrange them together to create a coherent script.
• You don’t play this time. • Responda à pergunta referente a You can add some short sentences of your own to make the transition from one scene to
another. You are not supposed to create a whole new movie script, but make a compilation
cada casa. of scenes that should last from 5 to 10 minutes when performed. Make your script really
• Ganha o jogo quem chegar moving and don’t forget to choose an appealing title.

primeiro à casa FINISH. Suggested movies about equal rights for all:

Review, Time Reprodução/Paramount Pictures A chronicle of Martin Luther King’s tip Project
for Fun!, Thinking campaign to secure equal voting rights via
Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora about Learning an epic march from Selma to Montgomery, O script de um Planeje, desenvolva
Alabama in 1965. filme, peça, e apresente projetos
Reveja os conteúdos novela ou interdisciplinares em
trabalhados, divirta- Avaliable at: <www.imdb.com/title/tt1020072>. programa grupo.
se com jogos e avalie Acessed in: May 2015. de rádio é
sua aprendizagem a Reprodução/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures um roteiro
cada duas unidades. SELMA - Uma Luta Pela Igualdade. Direção com falas,
de Ava DuVernay. Estados Unidos, 2014. informações
sobre a cena, o
An aspiring author during the civil rights som, a imagem
movement of the 1960s decides to write a etc. Um script
book detailing the African American maids’ baseado na
point of view on the white families for which compilação
they work, and the hardships they go through de cenas já
on a daily basis. existentes é
um roteiro
Avaliable at: <www.imdb.com/title/tt1454029>. organizado a
Acessed in: May 2015. partir de um
eixo temático
que dá sentido
ao conjunto
de cenas
selecionadas.

The Help. Direção Tate Taylor. Go to page 85
Estados Unidos, 2011. for the second

In this part of the project, it is only necessary to write a first draft. part of this
Later, you are going to improve your text and perform it. project.

Review 2 83 Project 1A 51

Ao final do livro, a seção Vocabulary Corner organiza o vocabulário aprendido. A seção Language
Reference in Context resume conteúdos linguísticos de forma contextualizada e apresenta novos
exercícios para você estudar. O Glossary traz o significado das palavras que aparecem no livro.

5

Contents

Conhe•a seu livro 4
Tips into Practice 8
Using an Online Translator 16

Equal Rights Global Climate
for All Change

• Exploring advertisements • Exploring weather forecasts 52
• Establishing connections with History and Arts • Establishing connections with Portuguese and Arts
54
Warming Up! 18 Warming Up!
Reading 20 Reading 56
Vocabulary Study 22 Vocabulary Study 56
22 Natural Disasters 57
Multi-word Verbs 24 The Weather
Taking it Further 25 Taking it Further 58
Language in Use 25 Language in Use
26 Present Perfect 60
Review: Past Simple 28 Listening and Speaking 60
Reflexive Pronouns 30 Writing
Listening and Speaking 31 Looking Ahead 62
Writing
Looking Ahead 64

65

What Should All about
I Do? Movies

Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora • Exploring problem letters and letters of advice • Exploring movie reviews 66
• Establishing connections with Science • Establishing connections with Arts and History 68
70
Warming Up! 32 Warming Up! 70
Reading 34 Reading 71
Vocabulary Study 36 Vocabulary Study 73
36 Kinds of Movie 73
Health Problems 37 Taking it Further 76
Taking it Further 38 Language in Use 78
Language in Use 38 Present Perfect or Past Simple? 79
41 Listening and Speaking
Modal Verbs (Should, Must, Have to) 44 Writing
Listening and Speaking 45 Looking Ahead
Writing
Looking Ahead

Review 1 46 Review 2 80
Time for Fun! 49 Time for Fun! 83
Thinking about Learning 50 Thinking about Learning 84

Project 1A 51 Project 1B 85

6

Friends Freedom of
Forever Expression

• Exploring poems • Exploring opinion polls 120
• Establishing connections with Arts and Portuguese • Establishing connections with Arts and Portuguese 122
124
Warming Up! 86 Warming Up! 124
Reading 125
Vocabulary Study 88 Reading 127
127
Word Formation: Suffixes 90 Vocabulary Study 130
Noun Phrases 90 Collocations 132
Taking it Further 91 Taking it Further 133
Language in Use 92 Language in Use
Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, That 93 Second Conditional
Listening and Speaking 93 Listening and Speaking
Writing 96 Writing
Looking Ahead 98 Looking Ahead
99

Living with Having
Differences Fun

• Exploring campaign posters • Exploring game reviews 134
• Establishing connections with History, Geography and • Establishing connections with Physical Education,
136
Portuguese Maths and Arts
138
Warming Up! 100 Warming Up! 138
Reading 102 Reading 139
Vocabulary Study 104 Vocabulary Study 139
104
Word Formation: Prefixes 105 Leisure Activities 140
Word Formation: Prefixes and Suffixes 106 Indoor Activities
Taking it Further 107 Outdoor Activities 141
Language in Use 107 Taking it Further 141
First Conditional 110 Language in Use
Listening and Speaking 112 Passive Voice 144
Writing 113 Listening and Speaking
Looking Ahead Writing 146
Looking Ahead
147

Review 3 114 Review 4 148
Time for Fun! 151
Thinking about Learning 117 Time for Fun! 152

Project 2A 118 Thinking about Learning 153

119 Project 2B Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

Vocabulary Corner 154
Language Reference in Context 160
Glossary 177
Index 183
Bibliography 184

7

tip Esta seção apresenta estratégias de aprendizagem e de leitura que vão
ajudar você a se sentir mais confiante para realizar as atividades propostas ao
A longo do livro.

Observe as Read the infographic below and do exercises 1-5.
relações entre
os elementos Reprodu•‹o/<edgie.een.nl>
verbais e não
verbais.

From: <www.ineesite.org/en/advocacy>. Accessed in: May 2015.

8 

1 Based on the text, complete the following statement about it. Use words

from the box below.

attack • protection • exploitation • obligation

The provision and of education during periods of

emergency is an .

2 Which article of the Declaration of Universal Human Rights is related to the

infographic? Mark the correct item below.

Article 19: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression (...).”
Article 24: “Everyone has the right to rest and leisure (...).”
Article 26: “Everyone has the right to education. (...).”

Available at: <www.un.org/en/documents/udhr>. Accessed in: May 2015.

3 Based on the text, what can you infer about the “Education cannot wait”

agenda? Mark the correct acts below.

Ensure adequate funding in humanitarian emergencies.
Protect children, teachers and education facilities from attacks.
Make sure that education is inclusive and that it is interrupted in times
of crisis.

4 Answer the question below.

a. How many primary-aged children in the world are out of school?

b. How many primary-aged children who live in conflict areas are Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

out of school?

c. How many countries suffer attacks on children, teachers and

schools?

d. How much funding for education comes from total humanitarian aid? tip

5 In “Millions more have their education disrupted by natural disasters”, the B

verb to disrupt is equivalent to Busque inferir
“desenvolver” in Portuguese. o significado
“interromper” in Portuguese. de palavras
desconhecidas
a partir da
observação do
contexto em
que elas são
utilizadas.

Tips into Practice 9

Reprodu•‹o/<www/unwomen.org> Read the text below and do exercises 6-10.

http://www.unwomen.org

Why is education important? tip

• Education beats poverty: one extra year of schooling increases a C
person’s earnings by up to 10%. 171 million people could be lifted
out of poverty if all students in low-income countries left school Ative seu
with basic reading skills. conhecimento
prévio sobre o
• Education promotes gender equality by helping women control tema do texto
how many children they have. In Mali, women with secondary para favorecer
education or higher have an average of three children, while those o estabele­
with no education have an average of seven children. cimento de
hipóteses sobre
o que será lido.

• Education reduces child mortality: a child born to a mother who
can read is 50% more likely to survive past age five. In Indonesia,
child vaccination rates are 19% when mothers have no education
and 68% when mothers have at least secondary school education.

• Education contributes to improved maternal health: women with
higher levels of education are most likely to delay and space out
pregnancies, and to seek health care and support.

• Education helps combat HIV, malaria and other preventable
diseases. In addition, it facilitates access to treatment and fights
against stigma and discrimination.

tip • Education encourages environmental sustainability. It allows
people make decisions that meet the needs of the present without
D compromising those of future generations. The UN Decade of
Localize Education for Sustainable Development (DESD), launched in
números, 2005, urges countries to rethink education, curricula and teaching
abreviações practice in ways that complement the drive to achieve EFA.
e nomes para
identificar • Education helps global development. An estimated $16 billion in
informações aid is needed annually to reach the EFA goals in poor countries.
específicas mais However, in 2008 poor countries received only $2 billion in aid for
rapidamente. basic education. The worldwide military expenditure for 2009 was
$1.5 trillion.
10 
From: <www.un.org/en/globalissues/briefingpapers/efa/>. Accessed in: May 2015.

6 The items below are related to the importance of education. Mark the ones

that are mentioned in text “Why is education important?”.

Andresr/Shutterstock/Glow Images dr322/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Education can empower women. Education can eradicate poverty.

Alexander Raths/Shutterstock/Glow Images Aaron Amat/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Education can help fight some Education can overcome
illnesses. superstitions.

Jenn Huls/Shutterstock/Glow Images Radu Bercan/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Education can help ensure Education can make the world a
environmental sustainability. more peaceful place.

7 Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statement(s).

a. In Mali, women with no education have an average of three children.

b. In Indonesia, child vaccination rates are 19% when mothers have at least

secondary school education

Tips into Practice 11

c. Pregnant women with higher levels of education are most likely to seek

health care and support.

d. Education allows people make decisions that serve the needs of the present

without putting those of future generations in danger.

tip 8 What do the pronouns in bold refer to? Mark the correct item that

E completes each sentence below.
Identifique o(s)
elemento(s) a. In “while those with no education” (2nd item), those refers to
a que um
pronome (ou ‘children’. ‘women’.
expressão
iniciada por b. In “it facilitates access to treatment” (5th item), it refers to
pronome) se
refere para ‘education’. ‘HIV’.
compreender
como as ideias c. In “without compromising those of future generations” (6th item), those refers to
se relacionam
em um texto. ‘needs’. ‘people’.

tip 9 How can we say the following words in bold in Portuguese? In each

F fragment below, choose the best translation for the word in bold. Go back
Busque sempre to the text on page 10 and make inferences.
estabelecer
relações entre a. In “increases a person’s earnings”, earnings means
os textos que
você lê para gastos.
ampliar sua
compreensão ganhos.
sobre eles e
sobre o mundo. b. In “when mothers have at least secondary school education”, at least means

no máximo.

no m’nimo.

c. In “to delay and space out pregnancies”, delay means

adiar.

antecipar.

d. In “The worldwide military expenditure”, expenditure means

gasto.

ganho.

10 Use your own words to explain what the infographic on page 8 and the text

on page 10 have in common.

12 

Nesta seção, pense nas estratégias de aprendizagem e de leitura que você Reprodu•‹o/<http://kidshealth.org>
já usa e aprenda outras. Antes de fazer os exercícios sobre o texto abaixo,
conheça algumas dicas de estratégias que são importantes antes, durante e/ou
depois da leitura do texto.

Read the text below and do exercises 11-15.

http://kidshealth.org

tip How Can I Feel Better About My Body?

G Do you ever wish you were as thin as a model or as strong as your tip
Observe os favorite football player? Maybe you wish you were taller or just
sufixos e/ou shaped a little differently. Those thoughts are a natural part of H
prefixos da growing up. Note que os
palavra para títulos/subtítulos
ajudá-lo a But learning what you can and can’t change about your body and apresentam
compreender appearance is part of growing up, too. It can be hard to accept — a ideia geral
seu significado. even for teens and grown-ups. But when people accept the way they do texto/
look, they often feel happier. parágrafo.
tip
No Magic Potion tip
I
Identifique If you wish you could change the Friends Come in J
as relações way you look, you might want to talk All Sizes Identifique
estabelecidas with your mom, dad, or a trusted a fonte do
entre partes do adult about what is bothering you. Here’s good news if you texto para
texto a partir Some kids are frustrated that they’re think you’re too short or favorecer o
do marcador not growing and developing as fast too tall: A recent study estabelecimento
discursivo que as their friends. found that a kid’s height de hipóteses
as une. does not affect his or her sobre o que
This can be a confusing time in popularity. Kids who were será lido.
your life. It’s important to know very short or very tall had
that puberty doesn’t happen at just as many friends as
the same time for every kid. kids who were of average

And there aren’t any magic potions height.

or special exercises that can rush it

along. Even if a boy lifted weights, he wouldn’t be able to develop

big muscles like teen boys and adult men have. And a young girl

won’t grow breasts until her body is going through puberty.

If you are concerned about your weight, your mom, dad or a trusted adult
might want to take you to visit your doctor. You may find out that your
weight is fine. If your doctor agrees that your weight could be healthier,
he or she can suggest ways to help make that happen, such as eating
healthier and getting more exercise. [...]

Reviewed by: D’Arcy Lyness, PhD
Date reviewed: January 2012

From: <http://kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/emotion/feel_better_about_body.html>.
Accessed in: May 2015. (fragment)

Tips into Practice 13

11 Who is the text “How Can I Feel Better About My Body?” addressed to?

Kids.
Parents.

12 Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statement(s).

a. People often feel happier when they accept their appearance.

b. Puberty happens at the same time for every child.

c. There aren’t any magic potions that can rush puberty along.

d. According to a recent study, kids who were very short or very tall had fewer

friends than kids who were of average height.

13 In “Friends Come in All Sizes”, what has a recent study found?

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

14 In “even for teens and grown-ups”, grown-ups is equivalent to

‘adults’.
‘children’.

15 In “such as eating healthier and getting more exercise”, what idea does

such as express?

Comparison.
Exemplification.

14 

Read the text below and do exercises 16 and 17.

Health Digest

Who knew?

Are You Allergic to shockfactor.de/Shutterstock/
Your Phone? Glow Images

Many cell phones contain nickel, If you suspect you’re allergic
a metal that can cause allergic to your phone, you can protect
dermatitis – an itchy rash – on one your skin by setting your phone to
side of the face and in the ear in 10 to speakerphone, using an earpiece, or
20 percent of the population. “Women putting a phone cover and clear film
are more likely than men to have screen on your device.
the allergy, probably because they
were sensitized when they had their From: Reader’s Digest, April 2013, p. 32. (fragment)
ears pierced, which can introduce
nickel into the bloodstream,” says
Luz Fonacier, MD, head of the allergy
section, division of allergy and
immunology at Winthrop-University
Hospital in Mineola, New York. (...)

16 Based on the text, choose the picture below that shows a person with

allergic dermatitis.

Shane White/Shutterstock/Glow Images thodonal88/Shutterstock/Glow Images

17 . Answer the questions below.

a. Why can cell phones cause allergic dermatitis?
b. Why are women more likely than men to have allergic dermatitis?

c. What can you do if you suspect you’re allergic to your phone?

Tips into Practice 15

Using an Online

Translator

Online translators can be very helpful, but they can also be very tricky.
So, use them carefully.

Tradutor

inglês português espanhol Detectar idioma português inglês espanhol Traduzir

1 Choose an online translator.

2 Insert the text in English you want to translate into Portuguese and wait for

the translation.

3 . Read the text in Portuguese. Are there words, expressions or sentences that

sound strange?

4 . Read again the parts of the text in Portuguese that sound strange to you.

Take a look at the corresponding parts in English and try to identify possible
translation problems.

5 . Make the necessary adjustments.

The tips below can help you. Read them and take a look at the examples
that illustrate them. All the excerpts are from a biography of Jamie Oliver.

a. Notice how prepositions are translated. Are they always translated in the same

way? Do they make sense in the text in Portuguese?

Tradutor

inglês português espanhol Detectar idioma português inglês espanhol Traduzir

Original text in English Text translated into Portuguese

Jamie Oliver is a British chef best known for Jamie Oliver é um chef britânico mais
his television series The Naked Chef and for conhecido por sua série de televisão The
campaigning for healthier diets in school Naked Chef e para fazer campanha para dietas
children. (…) mais saudáveis em crianças em idade escolar.
Throughout the 2000s, he championed (...)
healthier eating for school children in the U.S. Ao longo da década de 2000, ele defendeu
and U.K. uma alimentação mais saudável para as
crianças da escola em os EUA e Reino Unido.

From: <www.biography.com/people/jamie-oliver-507439>. Accessed in: May 29th, 2015.

16

• Notice how “for” is translated in the previous extract. What is the best
translation for the preposition “for” in “for campaigning”?

• What is the best translation for “in the USA”?

b. Notice if similar expressions are translated in the same way. If not, check if a

translation is more adequate than others.

• What is the best translation for “school children” in the previous extract?

c. Notice words that have different meanings. Are they translated according to the

context?

Tradutor

inglês português espanhol Detectar idioma português inglês espanhol Traduzir

Original text in English Text translated into Portuguese

His break into television came when he Sua ruptura na televisão veio quando ele
appeared in a documentary while working apareceu em um documentário, enquanto
at the River Café in London. From there, trabalhava no River Café , em Londres. De
he gained fame after hosting a hit cooking lá , ele ganhou fama depois de sediar um
show, The Naked Chef. Multiple cookbook show cooking hit, The Naked Chef . Várias
publications and restaurant openings followed. publicações do livro de receitas e aberturas
restaurante seguido.

From: <www.biography.com/people/jamie-oliver-507439>. Accessed in May: 29th, 2015.

Read the parts in Portuguese highlighted in yellow in the text above. Do they
make sense in the context? Based on the context, try to infer a better way to
translate the parts highlighted in blue.

• Taking the context into consideration, which translation is more adequate for
“multiple cookbook publications” in the text above: “várias publicações do livro
de receitas” or “várias publicações de livros de receitas”?

It is time to put into practice what you have learned about using an online
translator. Choose a short biography in English of a person you admire and use
an online translator to translate it into Portuguese. Follow the tips and make the
necessary adjustments in the translation. Exchange your translation with a classmate
and, in pairs, discuss it. Also, try to help your classmate improve his/her translation.

17

Equal Rights Evan Agostini Invision/Associated Press/Glow Images
for All

Warming Up!

AhpDaasovrfeeyocotiionudsackmoncmooowmsmtrtoaahnmes?uyeao?sucPnooglarsgqieurlmês?idniftehreenptheostopsa?ísWesh. oQaurael dtheesys?asInsayloausrdoepainuiloané, wa hmaat ids o they
Qual é a sua disciplina favorita? Por quê?

18 

Odd Andersen/Agência France-Presse

Learning Objectives

• to talk about equal rights for all
• to review the Past Simple tense
• to learn how to use reflexive pronouns
• to explore advertisements
• to establish connections with History and Arts

 19

Before Reading Miguel Rojo/Agência France-Presse

1 What do you know about Emma Watson? Mark the

items below that are related to her. Then, compare
your answers with those of a classmate.

She is an actress and activist.
She is from the United States.
She is famous for her participation in the Harry Potter
film series.
She is United Nations Women Goodwill Ambassador.

2 Based on the title and the structure of the following text, what can you say

about it?

The text is a speech by Emma Watson.
The text is a letter from Emma Watson.

3 What do you expect to read about in the text?

Reading Reprodução/UN Women

Now read the text below to check your predictions.

http://www.unwomen.org

Le@rning on Emma Watson: Gender equality is your issue too
the Web
Para saber Date: 20 September 2014
mais sobre
a campanha Speech by UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson at a special event for the
HeForShe, HeForShe campaign, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 20 September 2014
visite: <www.
heforshe. Today we are launching a campaign called “HeForShe.”
org> (acesso I am reaching out to you because I need your help. We want to end gender inequality
em: março de – and to do that we need everyone to be involved. [...]
2015). I am from Britain and think it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my male
counterparts. [...] I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies
20 Unit 1 and decision-making of my country. I think it is right that socially I am afforded the
same respect as men. But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world
where all women can expect to receive these rights. No country in the world can yet
say they have achieved gender equality. [...]
Men – I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender
equality is your issue too. [...]
If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what
we are – we can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom. [...]
We have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I am inviting you to step forward,
to be seen to speak up, to be the “he” for “she”. And to ask yourself if not me, who?
If not now, when?

Thank you.

From: <www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2014/9/emma-watson-gender-equality-is-your-issue-too>.
Accessed in: March 2015. (fragment)

Reading for General Comprehension Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

What is the HeForShe campaign about?
It is a uniting movement to fight for children’s rights.
It is a solidarity campaign for gender equality initiated by UN Women.

Reading for Detailed Comprehension

1 In “Gender equality is your issue too”, who is Emma Watson talking to?

2 Write T (True) or F (False). Then, correct the false statements.

a. The speech by Emma Watson was delivered on 20 September 2014.

b. T he HeForShe campaign invites men to be involved in the movement of

gender equality.

c. Some countries in the world have achieved gender equality.

d. Emma Watson thinks it is wrong that women be involved in the decision-

-making of the country.

3 For each item below, choose a fragment from the text that refers to Emma

Watson’s opinion about gender equality.

a. It is right that women and men are paid the same.

“it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as
my male counterparts.”

b. It is right that women and men receive the same

treatment.

c. It is right that women participate in the process of

deciding about the country.

Equal Rights for All 21

Reading for Critical Thinking

tip Discuss the questions below with your classmates.

Procure ter a. What do you think of the HeForShe campaign? In your opinion, is it enough for
uma postura
cr’tica diante men to stand up for women’s rights? To what extent is it important for women to
dos textos, be independent, to fight for themselves?
considerando
novas b. According to the text, there is no country in the world where all women can
perspectivas
sobre o tema e expect to receive the same rights as men. In your opinion, how can we do our
relacionando-o part to end gender inequality?
com a
realidade a Vocabulary Study
sua volta.

Multi-word Verbs

1 Read the fragments below from the text on page 20. Then, match the words

in bold to the definitions.

I. I am reaching out to you because I need your help.
II. I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen to speak up, to be the “he”

for “she”.

Multi-word verbs Definitions

a. reach out to sb t o offer to do something, or to help with something
b. step forward t o say what you think clearly and freely, especially in
c. speak up (for sb/sth)
order to support or defend a person or idea

t o communicate with a person or a group of people,

usually in order to ask for help or involve them

Read the advertisement below and do exercises 2-4.

tip Reprodu•‹o/<imgarcade.com>

Anœncios Adapted from: <http://
publicit‡rios livedoor.blogimg.jp/
(advertisements otokogi0225/imgs/1/
ou ads) b/1be00acd.jpg>.
empregam Accessed in: March 2015.
recursos
verbais e n‹o
verbais para
chamar a
aten•‹o de um
determinado
pœblico-alvo e
persuadi-lo a
consumir um
produto ou a
aderir a uma
ideia.

22 Unit 1

Patpitchaya/Shutterstock/Glow Images2 Answer the questions below.

a. What product is being advertised?

b. What is the slogan of the advertisement?

c. The ad is part of a campaign. What is the main aim of the campaign?

3 What is the meaning of stand up in the advertisement?

To be on your feet.
To deal effectively with a difficult situation.

4 What do this advertisement and the text on page 20 have in common?

Both texts are about racism.
Both texts invite people to speak up.

5 Search for advertisements that can help put a stop to issues such as racism,

gender inequality, bullying etc. Search for ads in magazines, newspapers
or on the Internet and bring them to class. In small groups, choose one ad
and make a short oral presentation about it. Talk about its main objective,
the campaign it supports, the target audience, the layout and the resources
used (pictures, slogan/headline etc.). Use the expressions in the box below
to help you.

• This ad called our attention because...
• It’s an ad about...
• The main aim of the ad is to...
• The picture shows/illustrates...

Equal Rights for All 23

Taking it Further Reprodução/The Guardian

1 Were you taught to respect people when you were little? In your opinion,

when does gender equality start?

2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title, subtitle and

picture. What do you expect to read about?

Now read the following text and do exercises 3-6.

www.theguardian.com

Gender equality starts in childhood...
with the chores

Lucy Fisher cheered when she heard about a new law in Spain which forces children
to help with household tasks, regardless of their sex

Posted by Lucy Fisher

Thursday 8 May 2014

Mark Segal

Reprodução/<https://twitter.com>Washing up isn’t just women’s work. Photograph: Mark Segal.

It was the headline that made lazy teens worldwide shudder:
Spain is to introduce a law forcing children to do chores.

[...] There’s a surprisingly progressive detail in the Rights
and Duties of Children Bill that’s worth noting: the “co-
responsibility in caring for the home and performing
household tasks” shall be carried out “regardless of...
gender”.

[...] If we want a society of well-adjusted, self-sufficient adults, we must make
sure we equip children for all facets of life and give them an element of choice
in their future lives. And to do that, we must ensure that male and female
children share equal obligations.

Legalistic Spain has clearly come to the same conclusion too. [...] This latest
law for children suggests that the nation now realises equality [...] needs to
begin in childhood.

From: <www.theguardian.com/theobserver/she-said/2014/may/08/gender-equality-starts-in-childhood-with-
the-chores>. Accessed in: March 2015. (fragment)

24 Unit 1

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da Editora3 What happened to Lucy Fisher, the author of the text, when she heard about

a law forcing children to do chores? Choose the picture below that best
illustrates her reaction.

4 According to the author of the text, there is an important detail in the Rights

and Duties of Children Bill. What is it?

5 Choose the fragments below that contain the authorÕs opinion about the

topic of the text.
“Spain is to introduce a law forcing children to do chores.”
“There’s a surprisingly progressive detail in the Rights and Duties of Children
Bill...”
“...we must make sure we equip children for all facets of life...”
“...we must ensure that male and female children share equal obligations.”

6 Do you think a law forcing children to help with household tasks can help

end gender inequality? Why (not)?

Language in Use

Review: Past Simple

Read again the following fragments from the text on page 24 and do
exercises 1 and 2.

I. “Lucy Fisher cheered when she heard about a new law in Spain...”
II. “It was the headline that made lazy teens worldwide shudder...”

Equal Rights for All 25

1 Mark the correct item that completes each sentence below.

a. The Past Simple tense is used to talk about

completed actions in the past. actions in progress in the past.

b. Heard, was and made are

regular verbs in the Past Simple irregular verbs in the Past Simple
tense. tense.

2 Now focus on fragment I. Which word is used to connect the actions in the

Past Simple tense?

3 Read other parts of Emma Watson’s speech and complete them with the verbs

in the box below. Use the Past Simple tense as in the following example.

make • not be • stand out • start • want (x 2)

I started questioning gender-based assumptions when at eight I was

confused at being called “bossy,” because I to direct the

plays we would put on for our parents – but the boys .

In 1995, Hilary Clinton a famous speech in Beijing

about women’s rights. Sadly many of the things she to

change are still a reality today.

But what for me the most was that only 30 per cent of

her audience were male. How can we affect change in the world when only

half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?

From: <www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2014/9/emma-watson-gender-equality-is-your-issue-too>.
Accessed in: March 2015. (fragment)

Reflexive Pronouns

4 Read again the following fragments from the text on page 20 and mark the

correct item that completes each sentence below.

I. “...start defining ourselves by what we are...”
II. “...ask yourself if not me, who? If not now, when?”

a. The reflexive pronouns ourselves and yourself are used because the subject and

the object

are the same person. are not the same person.

b. The reflexive pronoun that is in the plural form is

“ourselves”. “yourself”.

26 Unit 1

5 What does the reflexive pronoun myself in the quote below refer to?

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da Editora “I don’t want other people to
decide who I am. I want to decide
that for myself.”

Emma Watson

6 Why is the reflexive pronoun themselves used in the quote below?

“There never will be complete equality until women themselves help to
make laws and elect lawmakers.”

Susan B. Anthony

Available at: <www.brainyquote.com>. Accessed in: May 2015.

To emphasize the expression “complete equality”.
To emphasize the word “women”.

7 Now complete the table below.

Subject I you he she it we you they
pronouns
himself herself itself yourselves themselves
Reflexive
pronouns

8 Complete the quotes below with reflexive pronouns.

“Again, it may be said, that to love justice and equality the people need

no great effort of virtue; it is sufficient that they love .”

Maximilien Robespierre

“One of the things about equality is not just that you be treated equally to a

man, but that you treat equally to the way you treat a man.”

Marlo Thomas

“I want for what I want for other women, Go to
absolute equality.”
Agnes Macphail Language
Reference
in Context on
page 161.

Available at: <www.brainyquote.com>. Accessed in: May 2015.

Equal Rights for All 27

Listening and Speaking

1 What do you know about Malala Yousafzai? Mark the items below that are

related to her. Then, compare your answers with those of a classmate.

She is an activist.
She is from England.
She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.
She is famous for fighting for girls’ education.

Stan Honda/Ag•ncia France-Presse

tip Malala Yousafzai at the United Nations Youth Assembly on July 12, 2013.

Antes de ouvir 2 Listen to part of a speech delivered by Malala at the United Nations on July
o ‡udio, leia
os itens do 2 12, 2013. What is the speech about?
exerc’cio para
conhecer as 3 Why does Malala call upon the world leaders and all governments? Listen to
informa•›es
solicitadas. 2 the recording again and complete the reasons below with the words in the
Voc• dever‡ following box.
prestar
aten•‹o a children • education • equality • girls • peace • prejudice • violence
elas durante
a escuta. • To change the strategic policies in favor of and
Fa•a isso prosperity.
em todos os
exerc’cios de • To ensure free compulsory for every child all over the
compreens‹o world.
oral.
• To fight against terrorism and .
28 Unit 1
• To protect from brutality and harm.

• To support the expansion of educational opportunities for
in the developing world.

• To reject based on color, religion or gender.

• To ensure freedom and for women so that they can
flourish.

2 4 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercise 3.

5 What is the difference between Emma’s speech and Malala’s? tip

Emma Watson is asking women to be independent to fight for themselves Busque sempre
and Malala is asking men to stand up for women’s rights. estabelecer
rela•›es entre
Emma Watson is asking men to stand up for women’s rights and Malala is os textos que
asking women to be independent to fight for themselves. voc• l• para
ampliar sua
6 It is time to make your own speech. In small groups, prepare a short speech compreens‹o
sobre eles e
and present it to the whole class. You can also record and share it with other sobre o mundo.
people. Some suggested topics for your speech:

Ending violence against women/children

Children’s rights Say no to racism

Speech

Say no to bullying Gender equality

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da Editora

Equal Rights for All 29

Writing

In this unit you have read an advertisement on page 22. An advertisement
or ad is used to sell a product. Ads must be attractive and they usually have eye-
catching images and a slogan or headline message.

1 In small groups (of three or four students), create an advertisement for

a product that can help put a stop to issues such as gender inequality,
violence against women/children, racism, bullying.

tip Writing Context

Ao revisar Before writing your text, complete the gaps below to identify the
o anúncio elements of the writing context.
publicitário,
considere, por a. Writer: you and classmates
exemplo: b. Readers: classmates and other people
c. Genre:
• objetivo: O d. Objective: get people to buy a product that can help put a stop to
anúncio está
adequado ao e. Style: persuasive tone
público-alvo f. Media: school board/Internet
e ao seu
objetivo? Step by Step

• leiaute: A 1. Choose an issue you want to fight against (gender inequality, violence against
distribuição
dos elementos women/children, racism etc.).
verbais e não
verbais está 2. Think of a product that can help put a stop to the issue you are fighting against.
equilibrada?
Be creative and also include a picture of the product.
• título/slogan:
O título ou slogan 3. Brainstorm for ideas. Come up with ideas for headlines/slogans, images, colors,
transmite a
ideia central fonts and overall message.
do texto e
chama a 4. Write an attention-grabbing headline or slogan. This is the most important part
atenção do
leitor? of your ad and it should be short and objective in order to grab the reader. For
example, “Stand Up. Speak Up.”
• imagens: As
figuras estão 5. Below the main headline, write about the issue you are fighting against, but
relacionadas
ao texto e o don’t use too much text. Remember that the product being advertised can help
tornam mais put a stop to this issue.
atraente?
6. Place headline, text and images in an eye-catching configuration.
• cores: As 7. Do 2 or 3 draft versions of your ad and exchange them with another group. Ask
cores usadas
despertam the group to select the best ad and give feedback on it.
interesse sem
prejudicar a 8. Make the necessary corrections.
leitura? 9. Create the final version of the advertisement.

Reescreva seu
texto com base
na revisão feita
por você e seus
colegas.

2 It’s time to share your advertisement with your classmates and other people.

You can hang it on a school board or publish it on the Internet (a blog or the
school’s website).

30 Unit 1

Looking Ahead

In this unit you have talked about equal rights for all. Read the text below about
gender equality and, in small groups, discuss the following questions about it.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da Editora

Gender Equality
No group of girls and boys, women or men is entirely homogenous. All include members
of social sub-groups, defined by age, religion, race, ethnicity, economic status, caste,
citizenship, sexual identity, ability/disability and urban/rural locality, and each sub-group
may experience various forms of discrimination. Typically however, girls experience lower
status than boys within the same social sub-group, and there is resistance to changing
this status. They therefore experience a double discrimination based on the sub-group(s)
to which they belong and their sex.
Because of the differing status of girls and boys, equality between them can rarely be
achieved by providing exactly the same services and protections to each, or by providing
services and protections in exactly the same ways, and so specially tailored development
interventions are needed to ensure genuinely equal outcomes.

From: WORKING FOR AN EQUAL FUTURE. UNICEF Policy on Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Girls and Women.
May 2010, p. 7. Available at: <www.unicef.org/gender/files/UNICEF_Gender_Policy_2010.pdf>. Accessed in: March 2015.

a. According to the text, “girls experience lower status than boys”. What other groups also

experience discrimination in our country?

b. Equality of opportunity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the achievement of

gender equality. What other conditions are also important to achieve gender equality and
end discrimination?

c. In your opinion, how can world leaders and the government promote gender equality in

our society? What about us? How can we do our part?

Extra Reading
<www.unicef.org/education/bege_70640.html>
<www.un.org/en/documents/udhr> (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948)

Extra Video
<www.unicef.org/gender>

Equal Rights for All 31

What Should Anna Peisl/Corbis/Latinstock
I Do?

Warming Up!

The photos show different problems that some teenagers often face. What are they?
Do you suffer from any of these problems? If so, which one(s)?

32 

maximino/Shutterstock/Glow Images Shutterstock/Glow Images

Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock/Glow Images

Learning Objectives

• to talk about some problems that teenagers often face
• to learn how to use modal verbs (should, must, have to)
• to explore problem letters and letters of advice
• to establish connections with Science

 33

Before Reading

1 Do you use headphones? If so, how long do you use it everyday?

2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title, subtitles and

picture. What do you expect to read about in the text?

Reading Wesley Hitt/Getty Images

Now read the text below to check your predictions.

www.osteopathic.org

Hearing Loss and HeadpHones –
is anyone Listening?

Today, 1 in 5 teens has some form
of hearing loss – a rate about 30%
higher than it was in the 1980s and
1990s – which many experts believe
is due, in part, to the increased use
of headphones. James E. Foy, DO, an
osteopathic pediatrician from Vallejo,
Calif., explains what you can do to
minimize the risk of hearing loss.
“Listening through headphones at a
high volume for extended periods of
time can result in lifelong hearing loss
for children and teens,” says Dr. Foy.

Duration of exposure to noise is
also a major factor. How long is
too long?
“As a rule of thumb, you should only use MP3 devices at levels up to 60% of
maximum volume for a total of 60 minutes a day,” says Dr. Foy. “The louder
the volume, the shorter your duration should be. At maximum volume, you
should listen for only about five minutes a day.”

How can I prevent hearing loss?
“First and foremost, follow the 60/60 rule in regards to percentage of
maximum volume and duration of time,” says Dr. Foy. Additionally, he
suggests using older style, larger headphones that rest over the ear opening
instead of earphones that are placed directly in your ear.

Adapted from: <www.osteopathic.org/osteopathic-health/about-your-health/health-conditions-library/
general-health/Pages/headphone-safety.aspx>. Accessed in: March 2015.

34 Unit 2

Reading for General Comprehension

Based on the text, mark the correct statement about hearing loss.

The number of teens suffering from hearing loss today is higher than it was in
the past.
The increased use of headphones has no impact on the number of teens
suffering from hearing loss today.

Reading for Detailed Comprehension Nata-Lia/Shut
terstock/Glow Images
1 Answer the questions below.

a. According to Dr. Foy, what can happen if you listen through

headphones at a high volume for long periods of time?

b. How long should you listen through headphones at maximum

volume?

c. When using MP3 devices, what is the recommended level of

maximum volume for a total of one hour a day?

d. In order to prevent hearing loss, Dr. Foy recommends following Sergiy Kuzmin/Shutterstock/
Glow Images
the “60/60 rule”. What does 60/60 stand for?

2 What piece of equipment does Dr. Foy suggest using?

What is it called?

3 What is the function of the quotation marks (Ò Ó) in the text? tip

To indicate Dr. Foy’s exact words. Observe a
To indicate words being used ironically. função dos
sinais de
Reading for Critical Thinking pontuação no
texto, como,
Discuss the questions below with your classmates. por exemplo,
as aspas.
a. In your opinion, are the recommendations provided by Dr. Foy
tip
clear and easy to understand?
Procure ter uma postura crítica
b. What about you? Do you follow the 60/60 rule recommended by diante dos textos, considerando
novas perspectivas sobre o tema
Dr. Foy? e relacionando-o com a realidade a
sua volta.

What Should I Do? 35

Vocabulary Study

Health Problems

1 One of the symptoms that can occur with hearing loss is earache. Use the

words in the following box to label the pictures below as in the example.

broken leg cold earache fever flu
headache sore throat stomachache toothache

tip cold

Para ajudar
você a
aprender
e a fixar
vocabulário
novo, agrupe
as palavras por
semelhança.
No caso dos
problemas
de saúde,
agrupe-as pela
terminação,
por exemplo:
earache,
headache,
toothache.

Language Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora
Note
2 Now listen to the recording and check your answers. Then, listen to the
Flu × Cold
Flu is a 3 recording again and repeat the health problems in exercise 1.
disease like
a very bad 3 Complete the following sentences with health problems in exercise 1 as in
cold that
causes fever, the example below.
pains and
weakness. a. If you have fever, muscle pains, weakness, you probably have the flu .
Cold is a b. When your body temperature is above normal range, you have a .
common c. If you have a throat inflammation, you have a
disease .
that makes
your nose
produce
liquid.

Now
complete the
Vocabulary

Corner on
page 154 with
what you have

learned.

36 Unit 2

Reprodu•‹o/Raleigh News and Observer/2011 MCT Taking it Further

1 Do you spend long hours using the computer? In your opinion, could

extensive computer use affect your health? If so, how?

2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its title, structure and

picture. What do you expect to read about?
Now read the following text and do exercises 3 and 4.

From: RMS Public Relations, 2011. Available at: <http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/journalstar.
com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/f/fa/ffa22316-f786-5f41-81ce-62198560508b/4d99e78ac99c8.pdf.pdf>.

Accessed in: March 2015.

3 According to the text, what furniture is recommended for healthy

computing? Why?

4 Mark the recommendations below for good computer posture.

Desks should be height adjustable.
Lower leg should be vertical to the floor.
Thighs should be in contact with the front edge of the seat.
Lower arms should rest on the desktop in a relaxed position.
Computer screen should be positioned 30 degrees above eye level.

5 Do you tend to adopt bad or good computer posture? Do you feel back

pain when you use the computer for long periods?

What Should I Do? 37

Language in Use

Modal Verbs (Should, Must, Have to)

1 Read again the following fragments from the text on page 34. Then, mark

the correct item that completes each sentence below.

I. “you should only use MP3 devices at levels up to 60% of maximum

volume”

II. “The louder the volume, the shorter your duration should be.”
III. “At maximum volume, you should listen for only about five minutes a day.”

a. The modal verb should expresses

an obligation.
a recommendation.

b. We use should

before the main verb in the infinitive (without to).
after the main verb in the infinitive (without to).

2 Go back to the text “Healthy computing” on page 37 and find examples

of sentences with should. Then, write down the sentence with the negative
form of should.

Language 3 Based on the same text, mark the correct statement about healthy
Note
computing.
shouldn’t =
should not Children should use adjustable furniture.
Children shouldn’t use adjustable furniture.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

38 Unit 2

4 It is very common that people ask for advice on websites like tip

<www.uexpress.com/advice>. Complete the following problem letters Não se preocupe em
compreender todas as

and letters of advice with should or shouldn’t as in the example below. palavras dos textos. Isso
não é necessário para

realizar as atividades.

www.uexpress.com

Ron Galella, Ltd./WireImage/Getty ImagesDear Abby
Liza Green/HMS Media Services,
Pregnant Teen Needs Support and Guidance, Not Rejection
Anthony Leader Komaroff, MD/
Harvard Health PublicationsFeb 28, 2015

DEAR ABBY: My best friend from school is pregnant. I am the only one
so far who knows about her pregnancy. She hasn’t told her dad and her
grandparents because she’s scared they’ll kick her out. She has nowhere

to go. My parents have told me to cut her off. What should I do? – UNSURE IN TEXAS

DEAR UNSURE: Because your friend is afraid to tell her family, she talk to

a counselor at school. The family will have to know soon because her pregnancy will become

obvious. I don’t agree with your parents that you “cut her off.” She

needs friends right now. Your state department of social services also be

contacted for guidance.

Adapted from: <www.uexpress.com/dearabby/2015/2/28/0/pregnant-teen-needs-support-and-guidance>.
Accessed in: March 2015.

www.uexpress.com

Ask Doctor K

Use Consequences and Privileges to Discipline Older Kids

Mar 28, 2015

by Anthony Komaroff

DEAR DOCTOR K: I have two children in elementary school. When they

were younger, I disciplined them with timeouts. How discipline change as
they get older?

DEAR READER: Discipline is important for children of all ages. In answering questions about
kids, I rely a lot on the advice of pediatrician colleagues here at Harvard Medical School. They
describe a variety of ways to discipline a school-aged child:

– Discuss, don’t demand. As your children get older, give them a chance to help find
solutions to problems.

– Express your disapproval. Look your child straight in the eyes and say, “No” or “Stop.” Tell

him what he do and why he do it.

– Give timeouts. It can give your children more focused time to think about their actions.
When setting limits, it’s important always to be consistent. Rules must stay the same from one
day to the next.

Adapted from: <www.uexpress.com/ask-dr-k/2015/3/16/use-consequences-and-privileges-to-discipline>.
Accessed in: March 2015.

What Should I Do? 39

5 What do the texts on the previous page have in common? Mark the correct

statements below.

a. Both problem letters and letters of advice start with Dear.
b. The real name of the readers are not provided in the letters.
c. Both letters of advice are written by the same columnist.
d. Both problem letters are written by teenagers.

6 Read again the following fragments from the letters of advice on the previous

page. Then, mark the correct item that completes each sentence below.

I. The family will have to know soon because her pregnancy will become

obvious. (first letter of advice)

II. When setting limits, it’s important always to be consistent. Rules must stay

the same from one day to the next. (second letter of advice)

a. The modal verbs must and have to express

necessity, obligation.
advice, recommendation.

Language b. We use must and have to
Note
before the main verb in the infinitive (without to).
We use after the main verb in the infinitive (without to).
must not
(= mustnÕt) c. In order to express an obligation/necessity in the past or future, we use the
to express a
prohibition. modal verb
E.g.: You
mustn't must.
come. (You
are not have to.
allowed to
come). 7 Choose the correct modal verb in parentheses to complete each sentence
We use not
have to to below.
express lack
of necessity a. Teens avoid
or obligation.
E.g.: You excessive use of headphones. (should/
donÕt have to
come. (You don’t have to)
donÕt need
to come). b. Drivers text and

drive. (have to/mustn’t)

c. School counselors Alias Ching/Shutterstock/Glow Images

communicate
effectively with students. (must/
shouldn’t)

40 Unit 2

8 Complete the following problem letter and letter of advice with the

expressions in the box below.

do not have to reveal • must address • should I address • should not do

www.uexpress.com

Sense & Sensitivity Katy Winn/Getty Images

Oct 10, 2013

DEAR HARRIETTE: While I was cleaning up my 14-year-

old sonÕs room, I came across his journal, and I learned

that he has started smoking cigarettes. Reading another

personÕs journal is something one .

However, my son lives in my house, and I have the right

to know what is going on in his life. How my sonÕs

newfound habit? Ð Distressed Mom, New York City

DEAR DISTRESSED MOM: You absolutely the

smoking, but you that you read it in his journal. If

your son is smoking cigarettes, it is likely that his clothing will sometimes smell

of it. Remind him of the harmful effects of cigarettes on his health. So, your

job is to talk straight with him and let him know that you love him too much to

allow him to make a choice that will shorten his life.

Adapted from: <www.uexpress.com/sense-and-sensitivity/2013/10/10/daughter-entering-
puberty-needs-support>. Accessed in: March 2015.

Listening and Speaking Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora Go to
Language
1 In your opinion, can electronic devices have a negative influence on our Reference
in Context on
health? In small groups, try to think of examples to support your answer. page 162.

4 2 Listen to a news program on the tip

radio in which a reporter talks Ative seu
about a new study conducted in conhecimento
Norway. What is it about? Mark prévio sobre
the correct item that completes o tema do
the sentence below. texto oral para
favorecer o
The new study is about excessive estabelecimento
use of electronic devices and de hipóteses
sobre o que será
poor concentration in kids. ouvido.

sleeping problems in teens.

bad computer posture in teens.

What Should I Do? 41

4 3 Listen to the recording again and mark the correct item that answers each

question below.

tip a. How many teens did researchers follow?

Antes de ouvir 1,000. 10,000.
o ‡udio, leia
os itens do b. How old were they?
exerc’cio para
conhecer as 13-19. 16-19.
informa•›es
solicitadas. c. What did researchers find?
Voc• dever‡
prestar The longer teens spent using electronic devices throughout the day, the
aten•‹o a longer they slept.
elas durante
a escuta. The longer teens spent using electronic devices throughout the day, the
Fa•a isso worse their quality of sleep.
em todos os
exerc’cios de d. What happened to adolescents who reported using screens for more than four
compreens‹o
oral. hours?

They had a 49% greater risk of sleeping for less than five hours.

They had a 49% greater risk of taking longer than an hour to fall asleep.

e. According to researchers, can screen time stimulate the nervous system?

Yes, it can. No, it can’t.

4 4 Listen to the recording once more and check your answers to exercise 3.

5 Mark the electronic devices below that researchers in the study asked

teenagers about.

[1] [2] [3] [1] Andrei Kuzmik/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] charnsitr/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] Blanscape/Shutterstock/Glow Images;
[4] Hywit Dimyadi/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [5] Charlie Abad/Photononstop/Getty Images; [6] Roman Samokhin/Shutterstock/Glow Images;
cameras game consoles speakers [7] StockPhotosArt/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [8] Sergey Peterman/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [9] Julia Ivantsova/Shutterstock/Glow Images

[4] [5] [6]

computers mp3 players tablets

[7] [8] [9]

DVD players smartphones televisions

42 Unit 2

6 Apart from interfering with sleep, what other negative influences can the

excessive use of electronic devices have on our lives? In small groups, try to
think of examples to support your answer.

7 Get to know about your classmates’ sleeping routines. Interview two

classmates as in the example below to complete the following chart. Make
extra questions.

Questions Classmate 1 Classmate 2
1. How many hours do you usually sleep?

2. How much sleep do you need to feel rested?

3. Do you have a TV in your bedroom? Do you usually watch
TV before going to bed?

4. Do you use any electronic devices during the hour before
going to bed? If so, which one(s)?

5. What electronic devices do you use more often? How often
do you use them everyday?

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora Student A: How many hours do you usually sleep, Juliana?

Student B: About seven hours. And you?

Student A: Well, I sleep about nine, ten hours. And how much
sleep do you need to feel rested?

Student B: I think I need something like nine, ten
hours sleep to feel rested.

8 Go back to exercise 7. Based on your classmates’ answers, do they have a

healthy sleeping routine? Why (not)?

What Should I Do? 43

tip Writing

Use o que voc• In this unit you have read three problem letters. Go back to pages 39 and 41
j‡ sabe sobre and explore the structure of this genre. Visit the website <www.uexpress.com/
a forma de advice> to find other examples of problem letters. The most popular advice
organiza•‹o columns are Dear Abby (<www.uexpress.com/dearabby>) and Ask Doctor K
dos textos, (<www.uexpress.com/ask-dr-k>).
tanto em ingl•s
quanto em 1 Do not keep problems or doubts to yourself. Ask for advice! Write a
portugu•s,
para escrever problem letter to ask for advice on something that is worrying you, a friend
seus pr—prios or a family member.
textos.

tip Writing Context

Ao revisar Before writing your text, complete the gaps below to identify the
o texto, elements of the writing context.
considere, por
exemplo: You are going to write a in order to ask for advice on

• objetivo: O something that is worrying you, a friend or a . Your text can
texto est‡
adequado ao be published on a classroom bulletin board or on the so that
pœblico-alvo other classmates and the whole school community can read it.
e ao seu
objetivo? Step by Step

• conteœdo: 1. Think of a concern of yours. It can be a problem or a question about health,
Os detalhes
sobre a friends, family or school.
situa•‹o
descrita 2. Focus on what worries you the most. Get all your ideas down on paper.
foram 3. Decide on the person you will ask for advice. Start your letter with Dear...
verificados 4. Describe the situation. Try to provide as many details as possible.
e est‹o 5. Finish your letter with a question like What should I do?
corretos? 6. Do not write your real name on the letter. Use a pseudonym (fictional name).
7. Exchange letters with a classmate and discuss both texts.
• linguagem: 8. Write the final version of your problem letter.
O problema
est‡ descrito 2 ItÕs time to share your problem letter with your classmates and other people.
de maneira
clara e You can publish it on websites like <www.uexpress.com/dearabby> or
objetiva? <www.uexpress.com/ask-dr-k>.

• ortografia: 3 In small groups, choose problem letters to answer. Discuss the situations
As palavras
est‹o with your classmates and try to give some useful advice. Review the letter of
escritas cor- advice and share it with the whole class. You can find examples of letters
retamente? of advice on pages 39 and 41.

Reescreva seu
texto com base
na revis‹o feita
por voc• e seus
colegas.

44 Unit 2

Looking Ahead Reprodu•‹o/<http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stu

In this unit you have talked about some problems that teenagers often face. Read
the text below about a phase in adolescence that everybody goes through Ð puberty.
Then, in small groups, discuss the following questions about it.

http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stuff/puberty.html

Time to Change
OK, so it’s a funny word – but what is puberty, anyway?
Puberty (say: PYOO-ber-tee) is the name for the time when your body begins to develop
and change as you move from kid to adult. We’re talking about stuff like girls developing
breasts and boys starting to look more like men. During puberty, your body will grow
faster than at any other time in your life, except for when you were a baby.
It helps to know about the changes that puberty causes before they happen. That way, you
know what to expect. It’s also important to remember that everybody goes through these
changes. No matter where you live, whether you’re a boy or a girl, whether you like vanilla
or double-fudge-chunk ice cream, you will experience them. No two people are exactly
alike, but one thing everyone has in common is that we all go through puberty.
Usually, puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 9 and 15 in boys. This
wide range in ages may help explain why some of your friends still look like young kids
whereas others look more like adults.

From: <http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stuff/puberty.html>. Accessed in: March 2015.

a. According to the text, no two people are exactly the same, but there is one thing

everyone has in common. What is it?

b. Who enters puberty first, boys or girls?
c. During puberty, changes don’t happen only to your body. They happen in your mind, too.

What are some of the changes that you and your friends are going through?

d. If you’re feeling bad with some of the changes you’re going through, talking about it can

help you. Who do you usually talk to when you need to ask for advice? Why?

Puberty can be a stressful time, but it’s also a great chance to figure out who you are and
what you care about.

Extra Reading
<www.wikihow.com/Sit-at-a-Computer>
<http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/rock_music.html>
<http://kidshealth.org/teen/safety/safebasics/earbuds.html>

Extra Video
<http://kidshealth.org/kid/videos/puberty-normal-video.html>

What Should I Do? 45

Reading Galvão Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora
Reprodução/<http://kidshealth.org>
1 Have you ever suffered from skin problems? What about acne?
2 Before reading the following text, take a look at its structure and source. What is the

expected target audience?

3 Now read the text below and answer the questions after it.

http://kidshealth.org

Why Do So Many Kids Get Acne?
A lot of kids and teens get a type of acne called acne vulgaris. It usually appears
on the face, neck, shoulders, upper back, and chest. Teens and kids get acne
because of the hormone changes that come with puberty. As you grow up and
your body begins to develop, these hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands
to make more sebum, and the glands can become overactive. When there is too
much sebum, that oil clogs the pores and leads to acne.
If your parent had acne as a teen, it’s likely that you will, too. Stress may make acne worse,
because when you’re stressed, your pores may make more sebum. Luckily, for most people acne
gets better by the time they’re in their twenties.

From: <http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/skinproblems/acne.html>. Accessed in: April 2015. (Page 2)

a. What is the most common type of acne? Where does it usually appear?

b. Why do teens and kids get acne?

c. What happens if your parent had acne as a teen?

d. What can make acne worse?

e. For most people, when does acne get better?

46 Units 1 & 2

4 Based on the fragment “When there is too much sebum, that oil clogs the pores and

leads to acne.”, choose the picture below that illustrates a skin with acne.

Reprodução/<http://kidshealth.org>Skin Pimple
Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editoraSurface
Hair

Sebum (Oil) Infammation

Sebaceous Hair Sebaceous
Gland Follicle Gland

Under the Skin Under the Skin

Language in Use

Review: Past Simple

1 Complete the following text with the verbs in the box

below. Use the Past Simple tense.

create  •  help  •  inherit  •  pass on

http://kidshealth.org

EverybodyÕs Different

First of all, what’s normal? There’s no one type of normal. Otherwise, the world would be full of a lot
of abnormal people!

You can change your hairstyle or put on a new hat, but the way you look isn’t entirely under your control.

You your genes – a kind of special code – from your parents. When your parents

you, they their genes and those genes

to decide your size and shape, your eye color and hair texture, even whether you have freckles.

Adapted from: <http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stuff/growing_up_normal.html>. Accessed in: April 2015.

Reflexive Pronouns

2 The following quotes are about diversity. Complete them with reflexive pronouns.

a. “We need to give each other the space to grow, to be , to exercise our

diversity.” (Max De Pree)

b. “One of the greatest regrets in life is being what others would want you to be, rather than

being .” (Shannon L. Alder)

Review 1 47

c. “Diversity is difficult. It’s because it’s difficult for people to try to work, to act, and live

together with people who are unlike .” (Jared Taylor)

d. “The dynamism of any diverse community depends not only on the diversity

but on promoting a sense of belonging among those who formerly
would have been considered and felt themselves outsiders.” (Sonia Sotomayor)

Avaliable at: <www.brainyquote.com>. Acessed in: May 2015.

Modal Verbs (Should, Must, Have to)

3 Complete the following text with should, shouldn’t or have to.

http://kidshealth.org Reprodução/<http://kidshealth.org>

Growing pains aren’t a disease. You probably won’t

go to the doctor for them. But they can hurt. Doctors don’t believe that
growing actually causes pain, but growing pains stop when kids stop
growing. By the teen years, most kids don’t get growing pains anymore.

Kids take aspirin because it can cause a rare but Galvão Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora

serious illness called Reye syndrome. If you have a fever, or your leg

looks red or is swollen (puffed up), your parent

take you to the doctor. Growing pains keep you

from running, playing, and doing what you normally do. If the pain is
bothering you during the day, talk to your parent about it.

Adapted from: <http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/aches/growing_pains.html>. Accessed in: April 2015.

4 Complete the following text with the expressions in the box below.

should talk  •  must tell  •  should you do

If your friend is telling secrets, what ?

There is no rule that says friends each other everything. People are

allowed to keep things to themselves if they choose to. But I get the sense from your

question that you feel your friend is talking about you, behind your back, in unkind ways. If

you know this for sure then you to your friend about it. Choose a private

place (you don’t need an audience) and tell your friend what you’ve heard and how it makes

you feel. Get to the bottom of what’s going on. That’s what friends do.

Available at: <http://blog.anniefox.com/2012/05/08/friendship-issues-from-the-5th-grade>. Accessed in: April 2015.

48 Units 1 & 2