Stage_3_NB ver. 2

STAGE 3

LESSON 25

P. 129

• CHEAPER THAN (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• MORE EXPENSIVE THAN (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• THE CHEAPEST (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• THE MOST EXPENSIVE (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 130

• SYLLABLE – (n.)
– Words may have one or more syllables.

For example; The word cheap has one syllable, the word paper has two
syllables (pey-par), and the word expensive has three syllables (ex-
pen-sive)

• COMPARATIVE
• SUPERLATIVE

– Adjectives in English have comparatives and superlatives. We use a
comparative for 2 things and superlative for more than 2 things.

For example; big-bigger-biggest; Bigger is the comparative of big and
biggest is the superlative.

(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• ABOVE – (prep.)
• BELOW – (prep.)

– My nose's above my mouth. My chin's below my mouth.
– The ceiling's above our heads. My feet are below the table.

P. 131

• JANUARY (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• FEBRUARY (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• MARCH (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• APRIL (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• MAY (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• JUNE (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• JULY (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• AUGUST (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• SEPTEMBER (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• OCTOBER (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• NOVEMBER (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• DECEMBER (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• LAST – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation)
• NEXT – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation)

P. 132

• LATIN – (n)
– it is an old language in Europe

• A.M. - (n)
– it means Ante Meridiem from the Latin

• P.M. - (n)
– means Post Meridiem from the Latin

• MIDDAY – (n)
– it means at 12 o' clock in the afternoon

• THEN (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

LESSON 26

P. 133

• BOTH … AND
– we use “both...and” for two things or people together

For example; Both Mr Brown and Mrs Brown went to Greece. He can
speak both German and French.

• A LOT OF (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 134

• A LOT
– means “very much”

For example; I like reading books very much. I like reading books a lot.

• RESTAURANT – (n.)
– it means a place where people go when they eat out.
– For example; I love eating in restaurants such as Mc Donalds, Chinese
restaurants, etc.

• BAR
• PUB

– the word “bar” means a place where people can buy drinks
– the word “pub”means the same as “bar” but it is generally used in the

UK (British English).

For example; Some men love going to bars or pubs at night.

• MUST – (v.)
– it means that it's important to do it, we don't have a choice, we MUST
do it.

For example; We must drink water everyday. We must study English
hard.

• IF –(conj)

– We use “if” when talking about something that can happen or
something that isn't really happening but we are only imagining it

For example; “If we're hungry, we must eat.” If we want to hear people
speaking Greek, we must go to Greece.

• EITHER...OR (conj)
– it is used for two or more choices

For example; If I want something to eat, I can go home or I can go to a
restaurant. If I want something to eat, I can either go home or to a
restaurant.

P. 135

• PIANO – (n.)
• GUITAR – (n.)

– For example; I am playing the piano (pls mime), I am playing the guitar
(pls mime)

• FOOTBALL – (n.)
• TENNIS – (n.)

Football and tennis are ball games. We use a ball to play football or tennis.

• PLAY – (v.)
– we can use the verb play with games and things for playing music. If we
use it with games, we don't use “the”. If we use it for things we play
music, we must use “the”.

For example; I can play the piano, but I can't play football. Mr Brown
can play tennis but he can't play the guitar.

• BED – (n.)
– we have beds in our rooms
– we sleep in our beds at night

• GO TO BED – (v.)
– when we sleep, we go to our beds
– I go to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening. Jack Brown goes to be at 8 in
the evening.

• MORNING – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• AFTERNOON – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• EVENING – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• NIGHT – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

LESSON 27

P. 137

• PIECE – (n.)
– We use the word “piece” for uncountable nouns
– We can make uncountable nouns countable when using the word
“piece”

For example; we cannot count paper. We cannot say 1 paper, 2 papers.
When we use the word “piece” it becomes countable. We can say, 1
piece of paper, 2 pieces of paper, etc.
Another example - I eat about 2 pieces of bread with my lunch.

• NATION – (n.)
– it means country
For example; Russia is a country; Russia is a nation. The names of
some other nations in Europe are Germany, France and Greece.

• BRITISH – (adj.)
– we call the people in Great Britain or in the U.K., British
For example; Mr. Callan, the writer of the Callan book is British.

• NATIONALITY – (n.)
– it means the name of people in a country.
For example; Mr Callan's nationality is British.

• A COUNTRY – (n.)(Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• THE COUNTRY – (n.)(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 138

• LIVE – (v.)
For example; The Brown family lives in this house. (show the picture)

– Some people live in the country, others live in a town or city. Most children
live with their parents.

– Another meaning of live is to have a life

For example; Some people want to live for a hundred years and others
don't.

• GAS – (n.)
– we need gas to make cars run.

• PLEASANT – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• UNPLEASANT – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• GLASS – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• CUP – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 139

• LONGER...THAN
• SHORTER...THAN

– “Longer than” is the comparative of “long”.
– “Shorter than” is the opposite of “longer than”

For example; The room's longer than the table; The table's shorter than
the room.

• HIGHER..THAN
• LOWER..THAN

– “higher than” is the comparative of “high”
– “Lower than” is the opposite of “higher than”

For example; The door's higher than the table; The table's lower than
the door

• LARGER...THAN
• SMALLER...THAN

– “larger than” is the comparative of “large”.
– “smaller than” is the opposite of “larger than”

For example; A city is larger than a village. A village is smaller than a
city.

• THE LONGEST
– “the longest” is the superlative of “long”
– we say, long-longer than-the longest

• WORLD – (n.)
For example; We live in the world. The world is round.

• RIVER – (n.)
– it means water running to the sea

• NILE – (n.)
– it is a name of a river
– it's the longest river in the world.

• THE HIGHEST – (adj.)
– “the highest” is the superlative of “high”
– we say, high-higher than-the highest

• MOUNTAIN – (n.)
• EVEREST – (n.)
• MOUNT – (n.)
• MT

– Mount Everest is a name of a mountain.
– It's the highest mountain in the world.
– When we write mount, we shorten it with the letters Mt.

P. 140

• THE LARGEST
“the largest is the superlative of “large”.

• TOKYO – (n.)
– Tokyo is a city. It's the largest city in Japan.

• DATE – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• LIGHT
• HEAVY

– The words “light” and “heavy” are adjectives
Ex. This piece of paper is light. The table's heavy.

-Another example
My sister's the lightest person in my family and my father's the heaviest.

P. 141

• SHOP – (n.)
For example; I buy my pen from a shop. I buy my shoes from a shop.
– A shop is a place where we can buy many things.
– There are some shops in the place where I live such as clothes shop,
book shop, shoe shop, etc.

• BALL – (n.)
– We play football with a ball.
– We play tennis with a ball.

• BEDROOM – (n.)
• SLEEP – (v.)

– We sleep in our beds
– Our beds are in our bedrooms.

• GET UP – (v.)
– To get up is to get out of bed.

LESSON 28

P. 143

• EACH – (adj.)
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• NAME ME – (v.)
– it means “tell me the names of”
For example; we can say “tell me the names of some of the things in
your room” or “name me some things in your room”

• VEGETABLE – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• POTATO – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• CARROT – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• ONION – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• PEA – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• FRUIT – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• APPLE – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• ORANGE – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• LEMON – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• BANANA – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 144

• JUICE – (n.)
– it means drinks we get from fruits
For example; lemon juice, orange juice

• TOMATO – (n.)
– it is a round fruit which is red in color
– the plural of tomato is tomatoes
– we can also get juice from tomatoes

• STUDY – (v.)
– For example, right now we are studying English.
– We must study a lot if we want to learn a language well

• SCHOOLCHILDREN – (n.)
– we call children who go to school to study, schoolchildren.
– Schoolchildren don't like studying; they dislike or hate studying.

P. 145

• ARRIVE – (v.)
– For example, Mr Brown's class starts at 9:00 o'clock. He arrives here at
8:50 for his lesson.

• LEAVE – (v)
– The opposite of “arrive” is “leave”.
– For example, Mr Brown's class ends at 9:50. He leaves here at 9:50

• SKY – (n.)
– We can see the sky when we go outside and look up.
– For example, the sky is blue today. Yesterday, it was grey.

• SUN – (n.)
– We can see the sun in the sky during the day.
– The sun's the colour of gold.

P. 146

• SEA – (n.)
• LAND – (n.)

– Fish live in the sea. They don't live on the land.
– We don't live on the sea; we live on the land.

• BY THE SEA
– means near the sea
For example, New York is near the sea. It's by the sea.

• INLAND – (adj.)
– it's the opposite of “by the sea”; it means away from the sea.
For example; Moscow's away from the sea. It's inland.

• MEDITERRANEAN – (n.)
• AFRICA – (n.)

- The name of the sea between Europe and North Africa is the
Mediterranean Sea

• ONCE (Read the book explanation)
• TWICE (Read the book explanation)
• THREE TIMES (Read the book explanation)

P. 147

• CUT – (v.)
– For example; I'm cutting the book with my finger. I'm cutting the table
with my finger. We cut meat with a knife.

• LIFT – (v.)
For example, I'm lifting the book.

– This piece of paper is light enough for me to lift

• LITTLE – (adj.)
– it means “small”

• LITTLE FINGER – (n)

– This finger is small. So we call this, a little finger.
– I can't lift the table with my little finger because it's too heavy for me to

lift.

LESSON 29

P. 149

• AS...AS
– we use “as...as'' to say that two things are the same
For example; this pencil is long and this pencil is long too. This pencil is
as long as this pencil

• NOT AS...AS
– we put “not” for the negative and say “not as... as
– we use it for things that are not the same
– For example, the table is low and the door is high. The table isn't as
high as the door; it's lower that the door.

• THAMES – (n.)
– it is a name of a river in London

• AMERICA (n)
– For example, Japan is in Asia; Spain is in Europe; Argentina is in South
America
– South America is larger than Spain.

• SEASON – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• SPRING – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• SUMMER – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• AUTUMN – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• WINTER – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 150

• PRECEDE – (v.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• FOLLOW – (v.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• WHEN (adv)
– we use “when” to ask questions about time
– For example, When does the lesson begins? When do you have your
breakfast?

P. 151

• WHILE – (conj.)
• WHILST – (conj.)

– We can use “while” and “whilst” instead of “whereas”.
– We generally use “whereas” the most when we speak.

• OLD – (adj)
• NEW – (adj)

– I bought this pen yesterday. This pen is new.
– I bought this book 3 years ago. This book is old.

• OLDER...THAN
• NEWER...THAN

– “Older than” is the comparative of “old”
– “Newer than” is the opposite of “older than”

For example, My book is older than my pen. My pen is newer than my
book.

• THE OLDEST
• THE NEWEST

– “The oldest” is the superlative of “old”
– “the newest” is the opposite of “the oldest”

For example, I bought this pen yesterday, I bought this pencil last
month, and I bought this book 3 years ago. This pen is the newest and

this book is the oldest.

P. 152
• OLD – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• YOUNG – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• YOUNGER .. THAN – (adj.)
– “younger than” is the comparative of “young”
For example; I'm younger than my mother. Ana Brown is younger than
Mrs Brown.

• THE YOUNGEST – (adj.)
– “the youngest” is the superlative of “young”
For example, my sister is the youngest in my family.

• PUT ON – (phrasal verb)
• TAKE OFF – (phrasal verb)

For example; I'm putting my hand on the table. I'm taking my hand off
the table.
• GO OUT – (v.) – (phrasal verb)
– For example, I'm going out of the room
– We put our hats and coats on when we go out in winter.
– We take our hats and coats off when we come into a building.

LESSON 30

P. 154
• HOLIDAY – (n.)

– It is when people don't have work on working days
For example; Golden week (in Japan), New Year etc.

• CHRISTMAS – (n.)
• EASTER – (n.)

– Christmas and Easter are names of holidays in Europe.

(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• FULL – (adj.)
• EMPTY – (adj.)

– This box is full, and this box is empty
– I don't have anything in my pocket. It's empty
– After eating, our stomachs are full

P. 155

• MOON – (n.)
• STAR – (n.)

– We can see the sun in the sky during the day and we can see the moon
and the stars in the sky during the night.

– The moon's the colour of silver.
– We have only 1 moon but a lot of stars. We can count the moon but we

can't count the stars.

• SUBJECT – (n.)
• MATHEMATICS – (n.)
• HISTORY – (n.)
• GEOGRAPHY – (n.)

– we study many subjects at school.
For example; Mathematics, History, and Geography are subjects

– Mathematics is the study of numbers, History is the study of what
happened in the past, and Geography is the study of countries,
mountains,etc.

– I think, children generally study about 8 subjects at school.

• WASH – (v.)
• DRESS – (v.)
• SHAMPOO – (n.)
• SOAP – (n.)

– We wash and dress when we get up in the morning.
– “to dress” means to put on clothes
– “to wash” means to clean with water and soap

For example, we wash our hands with soap and water and we wash our
hair with shampoo.

P. 156

• FINLAND – (n.)
– It is a northern European country

• HOT – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• WARM – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• COOL – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• COLD – (adj.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• ONE OF THE... (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 157

• TASTE – (v.) or (n)
– (as a verb): For example, I'm tasting my finger.
– (as a noun): For example, I don't like the taste of tea without sugar.

• AS MANY AS (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• AS MUCH AS (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

LESSON 31

P. 159

• CARD – (n.)
– We give cards to people we know on their birthday, during Christmas,
etc.

For example; Birthday cards, Christmas cards etc.

• GO ON HOLIDAY – (v.)
– When people go on holiday, it means they go to a place away from
home such is in another city, town, or country.

For example; The Brown family will go to France next week. They'll go
on holiday next week.

• POSTCARD – (n.) (Note: Show a postcard using the chart with pencils.)
This is a postcard. When somebody goes to another country, they usually
send postcards to their friends and family.

• PHOTOGRAPH (PHOTO) – (n.)
Another word for “picture” is “photograph”

Ex. This is a picture of the Brown family. This is a photograph of the Brown
family.

• CAMERA – (n.)
• TAKE A PHOTO – (v.)

One can take photos with their camera or with their phone

• SEND – (v.)
– it means to give something to someone, sometimes when one is in a
different place from the other.

For example; I send postcards to my friends and family when I go on
holiday.

Another example; I send postcards to my friends at Christmas time.

• RECEIVE – (v.)

- the opposite of “send” is “receive”

For example;I send cards to my friends at Christmas time and
sometimes I receive some cards from them

• EMAIL – can be a “verb” or a “noun”
(n) – it means an electronic mail. It is a kind of mail sent through the
internet.

For example; I receive about 4 emails a day.

(v) – means to send an e-mail

For example; I can email people from my mobile phone.

• MESSAGE (n)
– it means something said, written, or spoken to someone

For exmaple; He left me a short message on my table saying, “I'll see
you later at 2pm”

• TEXT – can be a “verb” or a “noun”
(n) – it means short message sent through one's mobile phone
For example; If I want to send somebody a quick message, I'd write a text.

(v) – it means to write and send a short message through one's mobile
phone

For example; I text my friends 5 times a day.

• REPLY – (v.)
– it means to send such as a letter, an email, a text, etc. back to someone
after they have sent you the same thing.

– For example; I don't always reply to e-mails I receive. Sometimes I
reply and sometimes I don't.

• CONTACT – (v.)
to contact means to “to talk” or “to try to talk” to someone in different ways
such as by phoning them, texting them, etc.

For example; I generally contact my friends by phoning them because
it's faster and easier

• LETTER – (n)
– It means a message that is written on a piece of paper and sent to
someone

For example; In the old days, people couldn't email and text. So, they
write letters instead.

P. 160

• DIVIDE – (v.)
– it means to make parts from a whole.
For example; I can divide this paper into 4 parts.

• FLOOR – (n.)
– it means the way buildings are divided
For example; This building has 22 floors. I'm on the 9th floor of this
building.

• BLOCK – (n.) please read the book definition
• HOUSE – (n.) please read the book definition
• FLAT – (n.) please read the book definition

P. 161

• NEAR – (adj.)
– it means close to each other
For example; Japan is close to Korea. Japan is near Korea

• FAR FROM – (adj.)
– it is the opposite of “near”
For example; Japan isn't near England; it's far from England.

• NEARER THAN – (adj.)
• FARTHER THAN – (adj.)
• FURTHER THAN –

- “Nearer than” is the comparative of “near”, “farther than” is the opposite
of “nearer than”

For example; France is nearer England than China. China is farther
from England than France.

– “Further than” is the same as “farther than”
For example; China is farther from England than France or China is
further from England than France

• THE NEAREST
• THE FARTHEST
• THE FURTHEST

– “The nearest” is the superlative of “near”
– “The farthest” or “the furthest” is the opposite of “the nearest”

For example; Of these three countries; France, Greece and Japan,
France is the nearest to England and Japan is the farthest (or the
furthest)

P. 162
• AT THE BEGINNING OF (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• AT THE END OF (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• SHINE – (v.)
– To shine means to give light.
For example; The sun shines during the day whilst the moon shines
during the night.

• EARLY – (adj.)
• LATE – (adj.)

For example;. I go to bed at 8 in the evening. I go to bed early. My
mother goes to bed at 11 in the evening. She goes to bed late.

P. 163
• EARLIER THAN
• LATER THAN

– “Earlier than” is the comparative of “early”
– “Later than” is the opposite of “earlier than”

For example; I wake up at 6 in the morning and my sister wakes up at 7
in the morning. I wake up earlier than my sister. My sister wakes up
later than me.

• THE EARLIEST
• THE LATEST

– “the earliest” is the superlative or “early”
– “the latest” is the opposite of “the earliest”

For example; I wake up at 6 in the morning, my sister wakes up at 7,
and my brother wakes up at 8. I wake up the earliest and my brother
wakes up the latest.

• LIGHT
• DARK

– The word “light” is an adjective.
– When it's light, we can see well.

For example, It's light during the day. We can see well.

– The opposite of light is “dark”
For example, It's dark during the night.

– The word “dark” can also be used as a noun
For example, I can't see in the dark.

LESSON 32

P. 164

• STATION – (n.)
– it is a place where we can ride on buses, trains, etc.
For example, The bus station, the train station.

• MILLIONAIRE – (n.) (Note: Please read the book explanation)
- The names of some millionaires are Bill Gates, Queen Elizabeth
etc.

• VERY – (adv)
For example, Mt. Everest is not just high, but it's very high

– There aren't just very few people in China, but there are very many
people in China.

P. 165

• UNHAPPY (adj.)
• SAD (adj.)

– the opposite of “happy” is “unhappy”
– another opposite of “happy” is “sad”.

• MERRY – (adj.)
• HAPPY – (adj.)

– “merry” and “happy” are almost similar in meaning. The difference is
that happy could be because of many things but “merry” is because of
drinks with alcohol.

For example; I feel happy when I go on holiday. People are generally
merry if they drink a lot of wine.

• TOGETHER – (adj.)
• APART – (adj.)

– we use the word “together” when things are touching each other
for example, my hands are together.

– The opposite of “together” is “apart”
For example, my hands are apart now.

• APART FROM
– means, to be away from something or someone or to live in a different
house from someone.
For example, I live in the city and my mother lives in the country. I live
apart from my mother.
– Another meaning of “apart from” is “besides
For example, I am sitting, whereas the Brown family are standing.
Besides me, nobody in this room is sitting. Apart from me, nobody in
this room is sitting.

P. 166
• BETTER THAN
• WORSE THAN

– “Better than” is the comparative of good.
– “worse than” is the opposite of “better than”

For example, I speak my language better than English. I speak English
worse than my language.

• POLE – (n.)
– it means the top most or lower most part of the world.

For example, the north pole and the south pole

P. 167
• CAPITAL LETTER
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• THE BEST
• THE WORST

– “The best” is the superlative of “good”
– “The worst” is the opposite of “the best”

For example, I think English was my best subject at school and

Mathematics was my worst subject at school.

P. 168
• GAME
• RUGBY
• GOLF
• BASKETBALL

– the word “game” is a noun
– there are many kinds of games, such as card games, ball games, etc.
– Rugby, golf, and basketball are nouns
– They are the kinds of games in which we use a ball

LESSON 33

P. 169
• LOOK AT – (v.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)
• WATCH – (v.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 170

• BUY – (v.)
– to get something in exchange of money
– For example, I buy food from a shop near where I live. We buy clothes
at a clothes shop.

• GERUND
• PREPOSITION
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 171
• BESIDE – (prep.)
• BESIDES – (prep.)
• WALK – (v.)
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• ANY MORE
– we use “any more” in the question and negative sentences, whereas
we use “some more” for positive sentences.
– For example, I have 1 brother and 1 sister. My parents have some
more children other than me.

P. 172

• VERY MUCH – also means “a lot”
– For example, I love walking very much but I don't like working very
much.

• ANOTHER – (adj.)
– I'm wearing a watch now, and I have one more watch at home.
– I've another watch besides this one.

• CHURCH – (n.)
• TEMPLE – (n.)
• MOSQUE – (n.)
• SYNAGOGUE – (n.)

– Church, Temple, Mosque, Temple and Synagogue are places where
people go to pray. A Christian goes to a church. A Muslim goes to a
Mosque. A Buddhist goes to a temple. A Jew goes to a synagogue.

P. 173
• ENTER

– means to get inside a room, building, etc.
– For example, My work starts at 7 o'clock. I enter this room at 6:30 for

my work.

• AIR – (n.)
– We breathe air but we can't see it.

– We need air to live.

LESSON 34

P. 174
• COVER – (v.)

– For example, I'm covering my watch with my right hand.
– I'm covering both my eyes with only one hand.
– Our hair covers our heads.

• SNOW
– the word “snow” can be used both as a noun and as a verb.
– “snow” as a noun means pieces of ice falling from the sky esp. in
winter. Snow's white.
– “snow” as a verb means when snow falls from the sky.
– For example, It often snows in winter.

• WEATHER – (n.)
– Ex. There are 4 kinds of weather: hot, warm, cool and cold
– in summer it's hot, in winter it's cold, in autumn its warm and in spring
it's cool

P. 175
• CONVERSATION – (n.)

– To have a conversation with someone means to talk with them
– For example, I want to talk to you after the lesson. I want to have a

conversation with you after the lesson.

• SIMPLE – (adj.)
• COMPLICATED – (adj.)

– “simple” means “easy”
– “complicated” is the opposite of “simple”
– For example, Some languages are simple and some are complicated.

• HOLD – (v.) - the verb hold has a lot of meanings
– First, it means to have something in your hands
For example, I'm holding a pen in my right hand. When I write, I hold
my pen in my right hand.

– Second, “to hold a conversation” means “to have a conversation” and
not having difficulty or problems while doing it.
For example, I can hold a simple conversation in English.

– Third, it means to have something inside
For example, this matchbox has 50 matches in it. It holds 50 matches.

– Lastly, it means to keep in one place
For example, I'm raising my hand above my head now, I can hold my
hand like this for about 5 minutes only, then I get tired and have to put it
down.

• KNOW – (v.)
– I know his name. His name's Mr Brown.
– I know the name of this thing, it's a pen.
– But, I can't see what's in your pocket. I don't know what you have in
your pocket.

• EXCELLENT – (adj.)
– means “very good”
– For example, by an excellent restaurant we mean a very good
restaurant.

• OTHER THAN
– means “apart from” or “besides”
– For example, I know some Japanese students other than you.

P. 176
• QUICK
• SLOW

– the word “quick” is an adjective
– For example, people walk quickly in cold weather.
– The opposite of “quick” is “slow'

– For example, people walk slowly when the weather is hot.

• EVERY – (adj.)
(please read the book explanation)

• EVERYBODY – (pronoun)
• EVERYTHING – (pronoun)
• EVERYWHERE – (pronoun)

– Just like the word “every”, the words everybody, everything, and
everywhere are singular.

– For example; Not every town in the world are beautiful; some are
beautiful and some are ugly.

• AT THE SAME TIME (adv)
– For example, sometimes I wake up at 7 in the morning, sometimes I
wake up at 8. I don't always wake up at the same time every morning.

P. 177
• RAIN

– the word “rain” can be used both as a noun and as a verb.
– As a noun, it means drops of water from the sky.

Fo r example, Children love walking in the rain.
– As a verb, it means to have rain

For example, it rains a lot in July.

• ALWAYS – (adv.)
– the word “always” means all the time.
– For example; Christmas is always on the 25th of December.
– Another example: We must always open our mouths when we want to
eat.

P. 178

• NICE – (adj.)

– means “pleasant” or “good”
Ex. The weather is more pleasant today that yesterday. The weather is

nicer today than yesterday.

LESSON 35

P. 179
• PAST
• TENSE
• AGO
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 180
• CONNECT – (v.)

– “to connect” means to meet or put two or more things together
– For example; Main Street connects with Naskar Street.

• ROAD – (n.)
• STREET – (n.)

(Note: Please draw a line on the board)

• LINE – (n.) – (Note: Please draw a line on the board)
– Ex. This is a line.
– We can also see a lot of lines on an old person's face.

• STRAIGHT – (adj.)
• CROOKED – (adj.)
(Note: draw a straight line and a crooked line on the board)

• BOTTLE – (n.)
– we put water, milk, and some other drinks in bottles
– for example, I have 2 bottles of water in my fridge.

• WHISKY
– is a very strong drink (alcoholic drink)

– After drinking a bottle of whisky, I walk in a crooked line.

P. 181

• SOMETIMES – (adv.)
– we use the word “sometimes” when things have 50% chance of
happening and 50% chance of not happening
– For example; Easter isn't always in March; sometimes it's in March and
sometimes it's in April. It isn't always hot in France. Sometimes it's hot
and sometimes it's cold.

• LAW – (n.)
– The word “law” means things that you should and shouldn't do in a
country.
– For example; It is the law in my country for people not to drive after
drinking alcohol.
– If people don't follow the law, they can be put in prison.

• GOVERNMENT – (n.)
– The government makes the laws of the country.

P. 182
• HEART – (n.) – (Note: Make a heart shape using your fingers.)

– Ex. My heart is on the left side of my body.

• THINKER
• WRITER

– we call a person who thinks a “thinker”, we call a person who writes a
“writer”

• QUICKLY – (adv.)
• SLOWLY – (adv.)
• ADVERB
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• UNIVERSITY – (n.)
– After High School, students continue studying at a university
– Some examples of University are Oxford University, Meiji University etc.

• DEEP – (adj.)
• SHALLOW – (adj)

– A sea is deep whereas a river is shallow.
For example; The Mediterranean Sea is deep whereas the river
Thames is shallow.

– Another meaning of deep is when people study subjects very well and
carefully
For example; People study subjects deeply at university.

P. 183

• SMOKE – (v.)
• CIGARETTE – (n.)

– The word “cigarette” is a noun.
– The word “smoke” is a verb.
– When people smoke they use cigarettes. (Pls mime)

• ASH – (n.)
• ASHTRAY – (n.)

– When smoking, cigarettes make ash
– We put the ash in an ashtray

• WAIT – (v.)
– “to wait” means to stay in a place after something or someone arrives
– For example, If I arrive too early at the station, I must wait for the train.

LESSON 36

P. 184
• EVER – (adv.)
• NEVER – (adv.)

(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• SQUARE – (n.) (Note: draw a square on the board)
• CIRCLE – (n.) (Note: draw a circle on the board)

– This is a square, this is a circle

P. 185
• SQUARE – (n.)
• ROUND – (n.)
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• SHAKE – (v.)
– “to shake” means to move from side to side
For example, I shake my head when I say “no”. I'm shaking my pen.
– Another use of the verb “to shake” is to hold one's hand when meeting
the first time.
For example, I shake hands with people I meet the first time.

• NOD – (v.)
– the opposite of “shake” is nod. It means to move one's head up and
down when you say “yes”
– For example: I'm nodding my head (pls mime)

• DIRECT
• DIRECTLY
• METHOD
• IT IS CALLED
• THINK
(Note: Please read the book explanation.)

P. 186
• MORE OR LESS

– instead of saying “it's almost time to eat our lunch”, we can say “it's
more or less time to eat our lunch.

• ACCENT – (n.)
– the word “accent' has two meanings
– First, it means the sound of language people speak especially when
they speak a different language from their own language
For example, Germans speak English with German accent, Americans
speak English with American accent.
– Second, it means the stress of syllables in a word
For example, the word beautiful has 3 syllables: beau-ti-ful
The stress is in the first syllable “beau”

P. 187
• TO DEPEND ON – (v.)

– to depend on someone means you need him or her to live, for money,
and for some other important things
For example; Children often depend on their parents for everything.

– Another meaning of to depend on is when things happen as a result of
something
For example; Some people eat in expensive restaurants, others eat in
cheap restaurants. It often depend on how much money they have.

• CLOUD – (n.)
– We can see clouds in the sky.
– Clouds are made of water.

• REMEMBER – (v.)
– I remember the name of this thing, it's a pen.
– I remember his name. His name's Mr Brown.

• FORGET - (v)
– the opposite of “remember” is “forget”
– For example, I don't always remember everything I learn; some things I
remember and some things I forget.

P. 188

• NEARLY - (adv)
– is a synonym of more or less
– For example; It's more or less time to go to bed. It's more or less time to
go to bed.

LESSON 37

P. 190
• WASN'T
• WEREN'T
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 191

• FIELD (n)
– A field is a piece of land we use such as for planting, playing games,
etc.
For example; A rice field, a sports field

• INCREASE – (v.)
– means to go up.
– The number of people in my town last year was about 9,000.
– This year it becomes 10,000.
– The number of people in my town is increasing.

• BATTLE – (n.)
• WAR – (n.)

– Both the words “battle” and “war” mean fighting between one country to
another. But, we use “war” with bigger fights. In a war there are many
battles.
For example, there were a lot of battles in Europe during the second
world war.

• OBJECT (n)
– an object means a thing
For example; this is an object (a pen), this is an object (a book)

• OVER
• CONTACT
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 192
• IDEA – (n.)

– one could have a good idea or a bad idea
– For example; It's a good idea to go to England if you want to learn

English well. It's a bad idea to drive after drinking whisky.

P. 193
• THEATRE – (n.)

– we go to theatres to watch people acting on stage

• OFTEN – (adv.)
• RARELY – (adv)

– if we do things often, it means we do it many times. If things happen
often, it means it happens many times
For example, I often go to the cinema. it's often cold in Finland.

– The opposite of “often” is rarely
For example, I don't often go the the theatre. I I rarely go to the theatre.

• UNDERSTAND (v)
– if you know what people are telling you or people are talking about, it
means, you understand them.
For example, I understand two people when they speak my language
but I don't understand them when they speak French.

• I AM SORRY
– We say “I am sorry” to people when we hurt them or done something
bad to them. We also say “I'm sorry” when we don't understand a
question the teacher asks us in the lesson.

For example, I'm sorry. I don't understand the question. Will you repeat
it, please?

• EXACTLY (adv)
– we use the word “exactly” to emphasize an idea.
For example, If the first time I don't understand the teacher asks me
this is exactly what I'll tell her: I'm sorry. I don't understand the question.
Will you repeat it, please?

P. 194

• STOP (v)
– “to stop” means not doing something anymore
For example; It's difficult to stop smoking

LESSON 38

P. 195

• HOWEVER (adv)
– we use the word “however” to connect two opposite sentences.
For example, The first exam was very easy, however, the second one
was very difficult.

• VOICE (n)
– It means the sound we make when we speak.
For example, There's somebody in the next room and they are
speaking to one another. I can hear some voices in the next room.

• TALK (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

• DID
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 196
• PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS
• FORM
• REGULAR
• HOW
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 198
• TREE – (n.)

– We can see trees behind the Brown family
– There are many kinds of trees like apple tree, orange tree, etc.

• FARM – (n.)
– we care for plants and animals on a farm.

• PIG – (n.)
• COW – (n.)
• SHEEP – (n.)
• CHICKEN – (n.)
• HORSE – (n.)

– we can see pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, and horses on a farm
– the plural of pig is pigs, of cow is cows, of chicken is chickens, of horse

is horses, but the plural of sheep is sheep. We don't add “s”

P. 199
• PEACE – (n.)

– when people or countries are at peace, it means that they don't fight
and they understand one another.
For example, Some countries nowadays are fighting (such as, Ukraine
and Russia, etc.) . There isn't peace between all the countries of the
world at the moment

• MEASURE – (v.)
– For example, 1 inch, 2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches. I'm measuring my

pen.
– We can measure water in a glass or bottle but we cannot measure

exactly the quantity of water in the sea.

• NECESSARY – (adj.)
– is a synonym of “important”.
– Ex. It's important to study a lot if you want to learn a language well.
– It's necessary to study a lot if you want to learn a language well.

• CASH – (n.)
• CREDIT CARD – (n.)
• PAY – (v.)

– to pay means to give money when buying
– There are two ways to pay; it's to pay by cash and by credit card.
– To pay by cash means to give money and to pay by credit card means

to give a card and pay it in your bank.

• WAITER – (n.)
• WAITRESS – (n.)

– We say “waiter” if it's a man and “waitress” if it's a woman.
– A waiter or waitress serves us our food in a restaurant or takes the

money or credit card from us when we pay.

LESSON 39

P. 201
• ALONG – (prep.)

– we use the word “along” when we think of moving forward.
– For example; I walk along Colon Street when I go home. There is a

white line along the road from here to the next town.

• WAY – (n.)
– the word “way” means how we do something
For example, the best way to learn a language is to repeat it often.
– Another meaning: it means the streets or roads you walk along to go

somewhere
For example, The quickest way to the station from here is to go along
Colon Street.

P. 202
• HOW OFTEN

– means how many times
– we use these words to ask questions

For example; How often do you come here? I come here 5 times a
week.

• HEALTH
• HEALTHY
• UNHEALTHY

– “health” is a noun, “healthy” is an adjective, and “unhealthy” is the
opposite of “healthy.
For example; If someone is sick, it means he is not in good health. He
should go to the doctor or have some rest. If someone is in good health
, it means he is healthy or if something is good for our health, it means
it's healthy. For example it's healthy to eat vegetables and fruits. The
opposite of healthy is unhealthy. For example, it's unhealthy to eat salty
food.

• FRESH – (adj.)
– If we have just picked fruits and vegetables, it means they are fresh.
For example; Fresh fruits and vegetables are good for the health.

• CHIPS – (n.)
– the word “chips” in British English means French Fries in American
English.
– For example; In the UK, people love eating fish and chips.

• SALAD – (n.)
– If we put many cut vegetables or fruits together, we make a salad.

• AGREE – (v.)

– when you agree on something it means you think it's right or correct
For example; I agree that 2+2 = 4

P. 203
• ADD – (v.) (Note: Please read the book explanation.)

– we can also add some other things besides numbers
For example; We add sugar to our tea or coffee. We add the letter “ed” to
form the past tense of regular verbs.

• JUMP – (v.)
– I can touch the book above me if I jump.
– The ceiling is too high. I can't touch it even when I jump. I can't jump up
and touch the ceiling.
– Another example; I can't jump over this table with both my feet
together.

P. 204
• CORNER

– This is a table. This table is square. It has 4 corners.
– A round table has no corners.
• AT (preposition)
– We use “at” to say that something stands or placed near another thing.
– For example, This is the table and I'm standing near the corner of it. So

I'd say “I'm standing at the corner of the table.

• SHIP – (n.)
• BOAT – (n.)

– we use a ship or a boat to travel by sea.
– But a boat is smaller than a ship and a ship is bigger than a boat.
For example; The Titanic was a ship, it wasn't a boat.

P. 205

• ALMOST – (adv.)
– is a synonym of nearly

For example, if it's already 8 in the evening then we can say “It's almost
time to go to bed”

• OFFICE – (n.)
– A room or floor of a building where people go everyday to work.
For example, The boss arrived early and worked in his office the whole
day.

• DESK – (n.)
– a desk is almost like a table, but we use it for working or for studying.
– We generally find people sitting at desks in offices and classrooms

• JOB – (n.)
– a job is a work that people do to earn money
– There are many kinds of jobs, there are jobs where people stay at
home and there are jobs where they go to an office.

• START – (v.)
– is a synonym of “begin”
For example: Summer begins in April; Summer starts in April

LESSON 40
P. 206
• BIRTHDAY – (n.)

– It means the day when we were born
– For example; Mr Brown is 42 years old. His birthday is on the 5th of

August 1972.

• HI
• MEET
• NICE TO MEET YOU
• HOW ARE YOU?
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 207

• BRING – (v.)
• TAKE – (v.)
(Note: Please read the bold explanation.)

P. 208
• QUITE – (adv.)

– If we say “Mr Brown speaks French quite well, it means that he doesn't
speak it very well and he doesn't speak it badly. It's between good and
bad.

P. 209
• PURE
• IMPURE

– the word “pure” is an adjective and it means clean, or not mixed with
anything
For example; pure water means clean water. Pure water is good for the
health

– The opposite of “pure” is “impure”
For example; not all the food or wine we buy in the shops is always
pure. Sometimes it's pure and sometimes its impure.

• PROMISE – (v.)
– means to say that you will do or give something to someone
– Parents often promise to their children that they'll give them some
sweets if they do well at school.

• ADULT – (n.)
• TEENAGER (n)

– we call people in the age of 13-19 years old teenagers
– we call people in the age of 20 and above adults

• POLITE – (adj.)
• IMPOLITE – (adj.)

– when people are polite to others, it means they are pleasant to them.
For example, Adults are more polite than teenagers.

– The opposite of “polite” is “impolite”
For example, Waiters and waitresses aren't always polite to people in
restaurants. Sometimes they are polite and sometimes they are
impolite.

P. 210
• EXCUSE ME – (v.)

– When we want to speak to somebody we don't know, the first thing we
generally say is “Excuse me”.
For example; When we don't know the way to the station, we say, Excuse
me, can you tell me the way to the station, please.

♦♦♦END OF STAGE 3 ♦♦♦

Note: After teaching Stage 3, there's no FULL BOOK REVISION
Proceed immediately to Stage 4
Thank you!