Razan_2nd_submission

SITE ANALYSIS



REGION DEFINITION

Jordan is strategically located in the Middle
East. Bound by Syria to the north, Iraq to the
northeast, Saudi Arabia to the east and south,
the Red Sea to the south, and Israel and the
Palestinian National Authority to the west,
Jordan covers a diversity of landscapes. The
country has an area of 89,213 square
kilometers, with approximately 75% of that
space being taken up by desert.
Jordan is a land steeped in history. It has been
home to some of mankind's earliest settlements
and villages, and relics of many of the world's
great civilizations can still be seen today.
As the crossroads of the Middle East, the lands
of Jordan and Palestine have served as a
strategic nexus connecting Asia, Africa and
Europe. Thus, since the dawn of civilization,
Jordan's geography has given it an important
role to play as a conduit for trade and
communications, connecting east and west,
north and south. Jordan continues to play this
role today.

Mafraq Governorate is one of the twelve
governorates that of the Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan and is the second largest governorate
in terms of area after Ma'an Governorate. The
Northern Badia region constitutes the vast
majority of its area. The governorate is located
in the northeast of Jordan, bordered by Iraq to
the east, Syria to the north, and Saudi Arabia
to the south and east. Its area is (26,552) km2,
which is equivalent to 29.6% of the area
of Jordan. It is from the east with a desert

nature rich in groundwater that supplies Jordan
with vegetable crops and livestock. As for the
West, it is of a fertile nature that produces olive
oil.
Over the past few years, the governorate has
witnessed a clear activity in the industrial and
agricultural fields. The northern Badia region
has become the main source of agricultural
and livestock production, as the Badia has
turned into green fields as a result of the
spread of artesian wells in that region. The
governorate is considered the second source
after the Jordan Valley in terms of agricultural
production.
The city of Mafraq is the center of the
governorate, which contains many monuments,
most notably the city of Umm al-Jimal, one of
the cities of the Roman Decapolis alliance. The
Zaatari camp for Syrian refugees was
established there in 2012. It also houses the
cemetery of Iraqi martyrs dating back to 1948,
known as the Nakba year, during which Arab
countries fought a fierce war with the Zionist
enemy in the same year. The governorate also
includes one public university, Al al-Bayt
University.
The governorate was established in 1985 and
includes four districts (Qasbah Al-Mafraq
District, Northern Badia District, North Western
Badia District, and Al-Ruwaished District). The
number of municipal councils in Mafraq
Governorate is (18) municipalities and includes
(51) districts.

AREA 1950s 1960s

The estimated area of Mafraq at the end of the Was about 4.2 square kilometer Was about 4..5 square kilometer
1960s was about 4.5 square kilometers; it
reached five square kilometers at the end of the
seventies, and it was around seven square
kilometers in 1992. The total area of Mafraq
and its districts (Greater Mafraq) recently
reached one hundred square kilometers, about
forty square kilometers of which is organized
area.

The area of Mafraq city is twenty six square
kilometers, of which only eleven square
kilometers are organized (Municipality of
Mafraq, 2009).

Shop of Al-Mafraq in 1953

Police center and the school of
the village in 1941

1980s 1990s 2009s

Was about 5 square kilometer Was about 7 square kilometer Was about 26 square kilometer
Which only eleven square
kilometer are organized

POPULATION

Since 1952, the population of the city has
increased significantly. The population was then
six thousand (Department of Statistics, 1952). In
1961, the population was nine thousand five
hundred, and then exceeded twenty one
thousand people in 1979, almost doubling; in
1994, it rose to thirty two thousand. In 2009,
authorities estimated people of Greater Mafraq
to be around fifty eight thousand (Department
of Statistics, 1952). The density of the population
was 2.26 person/ square kilometre, (Ministry of
Municipalities, 2009).



1-NATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE CITY Mafraq weather by month

1.1 CLIMATE

The climate in Mafraq is classified as semi-
desert, which is distinguished by hot, dry
weather in summer and cold weather in winter.
The city is characterized by the presence of two
main seasons: summer, which begins in mid-
May and ends in September, and winter, which
begins in November and ends by the end of
April. Spring does not extend beyond April
and May, while autumn is limited to September
and October.
The highest monthly average temperature is in
August and reaches 33.8°C; the lowest monthly
average temperature is 5.4°C in January, with
an annual average temperature of 18°C
(Department of Meteorology, 2014).
In addition, the city has an average relative
humidity of 36%.
The city has the lowest annual rainfall average
in the country, which does not exceed 150
millimeters a year.

1.1 CLIMATE

1 . 1 . 1 Average Temperature in
Mafraq

The hot season lasts for 4.5 months, from May
22 to October 4, with an average daily high
temperature above 83°F. The hottest month of
the year in Mafraq is August, with an average
high of 90°F and low of 64°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.1 months, from
December 3 to March 7, with an average daily
high temperature below 61°F. The coldest month
of the year in Mafraq is January, with an
average low of 37°F and high of 54°F.

The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted
lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.

1.1 CLIMATE

Clouds

In Mafraq, the average percentage of the sky
covered by clouds experiences significant
seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year in Mafraq begins
around May 19 and lasts for 5.0 months,
ending around October 20.
The clearest month of the year in Mafraq is
August, during which on average the sky is
clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 100% of
the time.
The cloudier part of the year begins around
October 20 and lasts for 7.0 months, ending
around May 19.
The cloudiest month of the year in Mafraq is
January, during which on average the sky is
overcast or mostly cloudy 37% of the time.

The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.

CLIMATE

The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, Precipitation
and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of
liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The
chance of wet days in Mafraq varies
throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 4.3 months, from
November 21 to March 30, with a greater
than 10% chance of a given day being a wet
day. The month with the most wet days in
Mafraq is February, with an average of 4.9
days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 7.7 months, from March
30 to November 21. The month with the fewest
wet days in Mafraq is July, with an average of
0.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of
precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those
that experience rain alone, snow alone, or a
mixture of the two. The month with the most
days of rain alone in Mafraq is February, with
an average of 4.7 days. Based on this
categorization, the most common form of
precipitation throughout the year is rain alone,
with a peak probability of 19% on February
6.an average low of 37°F and high of 54°F.

CLIMATE

Rainfall The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th
and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average snowfall.
To show variation within the months and not just
the monthly totals, we show the rainfall
accumulated over a sliding 31-day period
centered around each day of the year. Mafraq
experiences some seasonal variation in monthly
rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 4.8
months, from November 9 to April 2, with a
sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches.
The month with the most rain in Mafraq is
February, with an average rainfall of 1.3 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 7.2
months, from April 2 to November 9. The
month with the least rain in Mafraq is July, with
an average rainfall of 0.0 inches.

CLIMATE

The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands Sun
indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The length of the day in Mafraq varies
significantly over the course of the year. In
2021, the shortest day is December 21, with 10
hours, 2 minutes of daylight; the longest day is
June 21, with 14 hours, 17 minutes of daylight.
The earliest sunrise is at 5:27 AM on June 12,
and the latest sunrise is 1 hour, 21 minutes later
at 6:48 AM on October 28. The earliest sunset
is at 4:29 PM on December 4, and the latest
sunset is 3 hours, 17 minutes later at 7:46 PM on
June 29.

Daylight saving time (DST) is observed in
Mafraq during 2021, starting in the spring on
March 26, lasting 7.1 months, and ending in the
fall on October 29.

The solar day over the course of the year 2021. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise,
solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by

the color bands from yellow to gray. The transitions to and from daylight saving time are indicated by the 'DST' labels.

CLIMATE

Moon

The figure presents a compact representation of
key lunar data for 2021. The horizontal axis is
the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day,
and the colored areas indicate when the moon
is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars
(new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons)
indicate key Moon phases.

The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated.
The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.

The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point. CLIMATE

Humidity

We base the humidity comfort level on the dew
point, as it determines whether perspiration will
evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the
body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher
dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature,
which typically varies significantly between
night and day, dew point tends to change more
slowly, so while the temperature may drop at
night, a muggy day is typically followed by a
muggy night.

Mafraq experiences some seasonal variation in
the perceived humidity.

The muggier period of the year lasts for 2.5
months, from July 7 to September 23, during
which time the comfort level is muggy,
oppressive, or miserable at least 4% of the time.
The month with the most muggy days in Mafraq
is August, with 4.2 days that are muggy or
worse.

The least muggy day of the year is February
27, when muggy conditions are essentially
unheard of.

CLIMATE

Wind The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the
average wind vector (speed and direction) at mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied
10 meters above the ground. The wind intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
experienced at any given location is highly
dependent on local topography and other
factors, and instantaneous wind speed and
direction vary more widely than hourly
averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Mafraq
experiences mild seasonal variation over the
course of the year.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.6
months, from November 15 to May 2, with
average wind speeds of more than 8.8 miles
per hour. The windiest month of the year in
Mafraq is February, with an average hourly
wind speed of 9.9 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 6.4 months,
from May 2 to November 15. The calmest
month of the year in Mafraq is October, with
an average hourly wind speed of 7.6 miles per
hour.

Wind Direction in Mafraq

The predominant average hourly wind direction
in Mafraq varies throughout the year.

The wind is most often from the east for 3.7
weeks, from November 14 to December 10, with
a peak percentage of 37% on November 27.
The wind is most often from the west for 11
months, from December 10 to November 14, with
a peak percentage of 37% on January 1.

The tourism score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the CLIMATE
precipitation score (green line).
Best Time of Year to Visit

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in
Mafraq throughout the year, we compute two
travel scores.
The tourism score favors clear, rainless days
with perceived temperatures between 65°F and
80°F. Based on this score, the best times of year
to visit Mafraq for general outdoor tourist
activities are from mid May to mid July and
from mid August to late October, with a peak
score in the last week of September.
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless
days with perceived temperatures between 75°F
and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of
year to visit Mafraq for hot-weather activities is
from mid June to mid September, with a peak
score in the last week of July.

The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue
line), and the precipitation score (green line).

CLIMATE

Growing Season The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of the year, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.

Definitions of the growing season vary
throughout the world, but here , we define it as
the longest continuous period of non-freezing
temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar
year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1
until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).

The growing season in Mafraq typically lasts
for 10 months (312 days), from around
February 12 to around December 21, rarely
starting after March 18, or ending before
November 25.

Growing degree days are a measure of yearly
heat accumulation used to predict plant and
animal development, and defined as the
integral of warmth above a base temperature,
discarding any excess above a maximum
temperature. In this report, we use a base of
50°F and a cap of 86°F.

Based on growing degree days alone, the first
spring blooms in Mafraq should appear
around February 23, only rarely appearing
before February 9 or after March 17.

CLIMATE

The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to Solar Energy
90th percentile bands.
This section discusses the total daily incident
shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of
the ground over a wide area, taking full
account of seasonal variations in the length of
the day, the elevation of the Sun above the
horizon, and absorption by clouds and other
atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation
includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.

The average daily incident shortwave solar
energy experiences extreme seasonal variation
over the course of the year.

The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.6
months, from May 6 to August 25, with an
average daily incident shortwave energy per
square meter above 7.6 kWh. The brightest
month of the year in Mafraq is June, with an
average of 8.7 kWh.

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.2
months, from November 6 to February 13, with
an average daily incident shortwave energy
per square meter below 4.1 kWh. The darkest
month of the year in Mafraq is December, with
an average of 3.1 kWh.

WATER RESOURCES Dam of Al-Ghadeer Al-Abyad

The region is characterized by dryness. It lacks
surface water sources, except in the rare case
of floods that result from the rainwater in the
winter seasons. The main source of water for the
city is groundwater extracted from artesian
wells around the city .
There are 440 artesian wells in Mafraq
Governorate, which produce 75% of the water
in the Kingdom (Publications of the Ministry of
Agriculture in 2009).
There are 440 artesian wells in Mafraq
Governorate, which produce 75% of the water
in the Kingdom (Publications of the Ministry of
Agriculture in 2009).

SOIL AND VEGETATION

The soil in the city is classified as saline
and alkaline and appears in the form of
weakly spiked hills.
The soil in the eastern areas of the city is
weak. It consists of grasses, weeds, and
trees, which rely on irrigation, while the
western soil is more fertile and more
suitable for grazing and cultivation of
winter crops and forest trees. It also relies
on rainwater and irrigation .

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of the city is mostly flat, with
simple ups and downs. The elevation ranges
from 675 meters to 750 meters above sea
level.



DISTRIBUTION OF LAND USE

Domestic use forms the greatest part of land use, which is divided into areas A, B,
and C, with 80% of the total organizational areas distributed in 25 residential
neighborhoods.
•ceTnhterabl uasrineeassodf itshtreicct itcyo. vers 5% of the land area and is concentrated in the
• Industrial uses covers 2% of the land area.

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND USE

Domestic use The business district
Industrial uses green areas



GROWTH OF THE CITY

EVOLUTION OF THE CITY AREA AROUND THE RAILWAY STATION.

The Impact of Hejaz station in the emergence of
Mafraq CityAfter the establishment of Hejaz
Railway, the location of city gained a
significant importance because of its
selection as an important station on the
railway which is named "Mafraq".

1953: the city has become a main
station on the only land road between
the north of Jordan and Amman .
It has also become an important station
on the land road connecting with
Baghdad to the east and with Damascus to
the north either by land road or by train
via the Hejazi railway

1994: The city then began to expand linearly
along both sides of the line dividing the city into
two parts from north to south.

2017: the station occupies a central
location of the city where it's buildings
were considered as the main monuments of
Mafraq heritage due to the existence of
distinctive construction and architectural style.



2- STAGES OF GROWTH AND EXPANTION OF THE CITY

2 . 1 ANTIQUITY

The beginnings of Al Mafraq city date back to
the second Iron Age (about 900 BC). The
evidence is found in the cultural and historical
buildups found in the downtown area, in the
archaeological site named Alfdain, which
contains the traces and remains of stone
buildings. Some of these buildings are believed
to be defensive castles to protect the Kings
Road (Al-Hisan, 1999). Further, there are
calcareous Nabataean, Greek, and Thamudic
stones containing inscriptions that give emphasis
to the Trajanos Road from the same location
(Al-Hisan, 1999). In the period of Islamic rule,
this site was cared for and reused, especially in
the early Umayyad period (661 AD -750 AD).
Then, buildings were restored and maintained,
and more buildings were added to form a
palace with a mosque (Al-Hisan, 1994).

Jordan’s Hejaz Railway 2 . 2 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

The site of Al Mafraq had a special meaning
in the Ottoman Empire, when the location was a
major stop on the Hejaz railway. The Ottomans
then built Mafraq Station in 1902.

The Jordanian Hejaz Railway, which connects
Damascus and Amman to Medina in Saudi
Arabia, is a historic example of Ottoman
creativity that has made the spiritual journey
easier for Muslim pilgrims.

The Hejaz railway line is one of the oldest in
the region and the world. It was built in 1902
during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdul
Hamid II and has allowed pilgrims to
drastically cut down their travel time.

2 . 3 MODERNITY: (1923-1945 A.D.)

The modern stage is the beginning of the
emergence of the Jordanian State (Emirate of
Eastern Jordan) in 1923. During this stage, some
events influenced the city, such as:
• The arrival of immigrants from Morocco. They
arrived and stayed in Mafraq.
• The discovery of oil in Iraq and the Gulf. The
Iraq Petroleum Company and the Trans
Arabian Pipeline Company settled Baghdad's
Haifa line in 1935. They chose the city to be the
site of the main station on those ines, built the
headquarters of those companies in the city,
and formed a point from which to collect
workers.
• The presence of British troops in the region
during the Second World War and establishing
military camps and the airport make Mafraq
an important center in the eastern parts of
Jordan.

2 . 4 T HE PERIOD(1945-1948 A.D)

In this period, the government decided to
upgrade Mafraq from a village to a town. It
established Mafraq Municipality in 1944; and, in
1947 the city was declared as a centre of
Mafraq Government. During this period, conflicts
existed between the Arabs and Israel, and wars
erupted from 1948 till 1967, which is why many
Palestinians migrated to Jordan.

2 . 5 T HE PERIOD (1970-1990 A.D.)

The modern stage is the beginning of the
emergence of the Jordanian State (Emirate of
Eastern Jordan) in 1923. During this stage, some
events influenced the city, such as:
• The arrival of immigrants from Morocco. They
arrived and stayed in Mafraq.
• The discovery of oil in Iraq and the Gulf. The
Iraq Petroleum Company and the Trans
Arabian Pipeline Company settled Baghdad's
Haifa line in 1935. They chose the city to be the
site of the main station on those ines, built the
headquarters of those companies in the city,
and formed a point from which to collect
workers.
• The presence of British troops in the region
during the Second World War and establishing
military camps and the airport make Mafraq
an important center in the eastern parts of
Jordan.

2 . 6 T HE PERIOD (2000 A.D. to Present)

During this period, the city witnessed the
following events: • The establishment of Mafraq
Greater Municipality in 2002 (Jordanian
Legislation, 1985). • Building various factories
with heavy and light industries in southern and
southeastern parts of the city, and finding out
the Economic Region of King Al-Hussein in the
northeast of the city (Social Security
Corporation Website, 2014).

3- CAUSE OF GROWTH AND EXPANTION TRENDS King Hussein Air Base )also known as Mafraq

3 . 1 CLIMATE AND NATURAL CONDITIONS Air Base) and King Hussein Air College, is an air
base 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) of the city of Mafraq,
Climate and moderate natural conditions
contributed to create a residential environment in the Mafraq Governorate of Jordan.
in the city: flat surfaces, high-quality soil, and
moderate climate, especially in the southern
and western regions.

3 . 2 CAMPS AND LAND BELONGING TO
THE STATE TREASURY

Existence of the camps and the military airport
on the north and northeast edges played a
major role in expanding the city in these
directions.

Zaatari is a refugee camp in Jordan,
located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of
Mafraq, which has gradually evolved into
a permanent settlement; it is the world’s
largest camp for Syrian refugees. It was
first opened on 28 July 2012 to host
Syrians fleeing the violence in the ongoing
Syrian Civil War that erupted in March

2011.

3 . 4 TRANSPORT AND THE HIJAZ RAILWAY

The roads coming out of Mafraq toward the
major bordering cities (Irbid, Jerash, Az Zarqa’a
and Amman) had a significant effect on the
growth and extension of the city and
appearance of the residential neighborhood.

Amman \ Al-mafraq Irbid \ Al-mafraq

The distance from Mafraq to The distance from Mafraq to Irbid
Amman is around 65 kilometers. is around 50 kilometers.

Az Zarqa ’a \ Al-mafraq Jerash \ Al-mafraq

The distance from Mafraq to Az Zarqa The distance from Mafraq to Jerash
is around 42 kilometers. is around 40 kilometers.

3 . 4 AL ALBAYT UNIVERSITY

Establishing the University of AL al-Bayt in
(1994) in the eastern region had a significant
impact on the growth of the city. The university
attracted large numbers of students and staff to
live in the city, which revived its economical
and social status. However, influence remains
limited, because of the presence of barriers
separating the university, such as the military
camps. This remained the case until a new gate
for the university from the south was constructed
in 2004, resulting in housing projects and
commercial markets. Further, in 2008, a direct
road was opened between the west side of the
university and the city.

THE EXPANTION OF THE CITY BY THE YEAR

4- TOURISM Qasr barqa’a
Umm alserb
4 . 1 QASR BARQA’A

The palace is located in the northwest of the
city of Al-Ruwaished, about 22 km. It was
originally a Roman fortress, and was rebuilt as
a palace during the reign of Caliph Al-Walid
bin Abdul-Malik. Next to the palace is a water
pool and a Roman dam. Many pre-Islamic and
early Arabic writings are spread in the
surrounding area.

4.2 UMM ALSERB

This city is 123 km to the east of Mafraq. It has
four churches: the Church of St. Sergius, St.
Bacchus, the Church of the Western Quarter
and the Church of the Northern Quarter. The
Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus was
transformed into two mosques during the
Mamluk Ayyubid period after closing the
eastern apse and paving the mosaic with a
layer of plaster. As a result of the availability of
water surrounding the site, work was done to
establish four pools and water channels to
draw water.

QASR BARQA’A UMM ALSERB

Deir alkahf 4.3 DEIR ALKAHF
Umm alquttain
It is located 80 km east of the city of Mafraq
on the old road coming from the south of the
Arabian Peninsula through Wadi Sirhan and
Azraq to Syria. Nabatean, Roman and
Byzantine antiquities were found in it, the most
important of which is a Roman fortress whose
construction dates back to 306 AD. A number
of churches, dwellings and ponds dating back
to the Umayyad and Ottoman eras were also
found.

4.3 UMM ALQUTTAIN

located 52 km to the east of the city of
Mafraq. Evidence of stability appeared in the
Neolithic and Copper Age. The Nabateans
also built a resting place for trade caravans in
it, and there is a water pool. In the Roman
period a camp was set up in it, and in the
Byzantine period a number of churches were
built in it.

DEIR ALKAHF UMM ALQUTTAIN

Sama as serhan 4 . 5 SAMA AS SERHAN
Al Fudayn
It is located in the western part of Mafraq
Governorate, near the Jordanian-Syrian border.
It dates back to the Bronze and Iron Ages. It
contains antiquities dating back to the Roman,
Byzantine and Umayyad periods, including
churches, monasteries and houses.

4 . 6 AL-FUDAYN

Al-Fudayn is located in the center of the
modern city of Mafraq, and its beginnings of
stability date back to the Bronze and Iron Ages.
Roman ruins and a Byzantine church were
found there. Al-Feddan was famous during the
Umayyad period, where a palace, baths and a
mosque were found, and in the Ottoman period
a castle was built in it after it became Mafraq.
One of the stations of the Hijaz railway on the
Shami Hajj road.

SAMA AS SERHAN AL-FUDAYN

4.7 REHAB The oldest church in
the world,
It is located 12 km west of the city of Mafraq on
a flat plain. The history of human settlement in it St. Georgios Church
dates back to the Bronze Ages. It was also in Rehab
famous in the Byzantine and Islamic periods,
where more than 25 churches were found, and Umm aljimal
a number of Umayyad and Ayyubid Mamluk
mosques, and at the end of the Roman era it
was built in The first church in the world, which
is the church of St. Al-Zafar-Hoor Geos in 230
AD.

4.8 UMM ALJIMAL

It is located 30 km east of the city of Mafraq
in the area in which basalt stones are spread. It
is known as the Black Oasis because it is built of
very black basalt volcanic stones, and its most
important monuments are the walls and there
are 128 housing units inside the city and
fourteen churches, a Nabatean temple, as well
as Numerous ponds and reservoirs. The site is
also rich in Nabataean, Greek and Safavid
inscriptions and writings. Most of these writings
are inscribed on Umayyad tombstones, and
terraces and agricultural basins have spread,
indicating interest in agriculture.

UMM AL-JIMAL RIHAB

5-COMMUNITY AREA PROFILE Proportion of Syrian households receiving
(Qasabat Al-Mafraq district) humanitarian aid, by type of assistance
received:

This community area profiles has been Food 70%
developed in the framework of a program led Cash 40%
by IMPACT initiatives and ACTED, part of Non-food items 10%
AGORA initiative, and supported by BPRM.T Education, vocational training 1%

Assessment sample Most frequently reported adopted strategies by households to cope with challenges faced in maintaining livelihoods :

Jordanian households assessed 54.3% JORDANIAN SYRIAN

Syrian households assessed 45.7% Borrowing from family members 56.6% 75%
Not paying rent 8% 52%
Household of other nationality assessed 0% Selling household asset 32%
Receiving support from neighbors 7.6% 43.3%
7.6% of the households surveyed reported that Sharing cost with host family 12.3% 22.3%
the first member of their households arrived in Selling food vouchers 7.6% 25.3%
the neighborhood in the past six months.
1%

Household Income

Top three main reported sources of household
income in the month preceding the survey:

Jordanians

Regular work 49%
Pension 30%
Self employment 9%

Syrians

Humanitarian Assistance 63.5%
Daily Work 24.5%
Borrowing from family 2.3%

Average monthly amount of money
generated from their main source of
income:

Jordanians 395JD
Syrians 180JD

Education

93% of Jordanians school-aged children (aged 6 to 17) were reported attending formal school
vs. 64% of their Syrian peers.

Top three challenges reported by households in accessing education services in the last year:

JORDANIAN SYRIAN

Distance to school 24.3% 29%
Financial constrain 6.3% 25%
Selling household asset 24.3% 15.3%

Most reported perceived changes in education services provision by households in the past five
years:

Overcrowding

Lack of teachers
Tension between students

OVERCROWDING LACK OF TEACHERS TENSION BETWEEN STUDENTS

Increased Increased Increased
No change
Don't know 6.6 No change 16.6 No change
Decreased 15
40.6 13.3
18
Don't know 20.6 Don't know 22.3 46

60.3 Decreased 25.3 Decreased

18.3

HEALTH 88% of Syrian households reported using
humanitarian assistance to cover entirely or
Top three reported use of medical services in partly their healthcare expenses.
the last six months1

Jordanians 60%
41.6%
1. Public hospital 35%
2. Private hospital
3. Military civil defense hospital

Syrians 83.6%
39%
1. NGO/ UN Health clinic 22.3%
2. Pharmacy
3. Public hospital

Number of household members per household,
who currently have health insurance:

JORDANIAN

12.6 ALL
18 NONE
69 SOME

SYRIAN ALL
NONE
0.3 12.6 SOME

87