Bahagian A [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung penceraian oksigen untuk mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu dan
hemoglobin fetus.
Peratus ketepuan
oksigen
Tekanan separa oksigen/mm Hg
Lengkung yang manakah yang sepadan dengan mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu, dan hemoglobin
fetus?
Mioglobin Hemoglobin ibu Haemoglobin fetus
AP Q R
BP R Q
CQ R P
DR P Q
2 Faktor yang manakah yang menyebabkan penutupan stoma?
A Tekanan air
B Suhu rendah
C Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
D Kepekatan karbon dioksida yang rendah
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3 The graph below shows the pressure changes in the atrium, ventricle and aorta during a complete
cardiac cycle.
Pressure/kPa
What do X, Y and Z represent? Time/s
XY Z
Ventricular pressure
A Aortic pressure Atrial pressure Aortic pressure
Aortic pressure
B Ventricular pressure Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure
C Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure
D Atrial pressure Aortic pressure
4 Which statement about the control of heart beat is true?
A The secretion of adrenaline increases the rate of heart beat.
B The decrease in blood pH inhibits neurons in the chemoreceptors at the aorta and carotid
artery.
C The propagation of impulse through the sympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and
atrioventricular nodes decreases the rate of heart beat.
D The propagation of impulses through the parasympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and
atrioventricular nodes increases the rate of heart beat.
5 The role of the Casparian strip in the endodermal cell of the root is
A to carry out active transport
B to strengthen the root structure
C to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the symplastic route
D to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the apoplastic route
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3 Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan tekanan di dalam atrium, ventrikel, dan aorta semasa satu
kitar kardium yang lengkap.
TekanankPa Sistol Sistol Diastol
atrium ventrikel
Masa/s
Apakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y, dan Z?
XY Z
Tekanan ventrikel
A Tekanan aorta Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta
Tekanan aorta
B Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel
C Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel
D Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta
4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kawalan denyutan jantung?
A Rembesan adrenalina meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.
B Penurunan pH darah menrencat neuron pada aorta dan arteri carotid dalam kemoreseptor
C Perambatan impuls melalui saraf simpatetik ke arah buku sinoatrium dan buku atreoventrikel
merendahkan kadar denyutan jantung.
D Perambatan impuls melalui saraf parasimpatetik kearah buku sinoatrium dan buku
atreoventrikel meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.
5 Peranan jalur Caspary di dalam sel endodermis akar ialah
A menjalankan pengangkutan aktif
B mengukuhkan struktur akar
C memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan simplas
D memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan apoplas
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6 The role of calcium ions during muscle contraction is
A to form tropomyosin-troponin complex
B to bind myosin to actin forming cross-bridges
C to bind with tropomyosin exposing the myosin head
D to bind with troponin allowing the formation of cross-bridges
7 Which statement refers to the mechanism of action of adrenaline?
A Transcription and translation occur.
B Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.
C The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus.
D Hormone binds with a receptor on the plasma membrane.
8 The events regarding the action of oestrogen are given as follows.
I A specific gene is activated.
II Transcription and translation occur.
III Hormone receptor complex enter the nucleus.
IV Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.
Which sequence of events is correct?
AI IV II III
BI IV III II
C IV III I II
D IV III II I
9 Which structure cease to function after the formation of placenta in the development of
mammalian foetus?
A Allantois
B Yolk sac
C Chorionic membrane
D Amniotic membrane
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6 Peranan ion kalsium dalam pengecutan otot adalah
A untuk membentuk kompleks tropomiosin-troponin
B untuk mengikat miosin kepada aktin membentuk titian silang
C untuk mengikat dengan tropomiosin mendedahkan kepala miosin
D untuk mengikat dengan troponin membenarkan pembentukan titian silang
7 Penyataan yang manakah yang merujuk kepada mekanisme tindakan adrenalina?
A Transkripsi dan penterjemahan berlaku.
B Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.
C Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.
D Hormon mengikat dengan reseptor pada membran plasma.
8 Peristiwa berkenaan tindakan estrogen diberikan seperti yang berikut.
I Gen spesifik diaktifkan.
II Transkripsi dan translasi berlaku.
III Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.
IV Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.
Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang benar?
AI IV II III
BI IV III II
C IV III I II
D IV III II I
9 Struktur yang manakah yang berhenti berfungsi selepas pembentukan plasenta dalam
perkembangan fetus mamalia?
A Alantois
B Pundi yolka
C Membran korion
D Membran amnion
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10 The following are events that occur during seed germination.
I Activation of enzyme
II Initial uptake of water
III Flow of sugar into embryo
IV Activation of gibberellic acids
Which is the correct sequence of events during seed germination?
A II I III IV
B II I IV III
C II III I IV
D II IV I III
11 Which substance is produced by the mammalian liver during protein metabolism?
A Bile
B Urea
C Glycogen
D Cholesterol
12 The simplified diagram of the humoral response is shown below.
Antigen
Stimulate
W
X Plasma cell
Y
What do W, X and Y represent?
WX Y
Antibody
A B cell Memory B cell Memory B cell
Antibody
B B cell Antibody Cytotoxic T cell
C T cell Memory T cell
D T cell Memory T cell
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10 Peristiwa berikut berlaku semasa percambahan biji benih.
I Pengaktifan enzim
II Permulaan pengambilan air
III Pengaliran gula kedalam embrio
IV Pengaktifan asid giberelik
Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang betul semasa percambahan biji benih?
A II I III IV
B II I IV III
C II III I IV
D II IV I III
11 Bahan yang manakah yang dihasilkan oleh hati mamalia semasa metabolisma protein?
A Hempedu
B Urea
C Glikogen
D Kolesterol
12 Gambar rajah yang diringkaskan tentang tindakan humor ditunjukkan di bawah.
Antigen
Rangsangan
W
X Sel plasma
Y
Apakah wang diwakili oleh W, X , dan Y ?
WX Y
A Sel B Sel B ingatan Antibodi
B Sel B Antibodi Sel B ingatan
C Sel T Sel T ingatan Antibodi
D Sel T Sel T ingatan Sel T sitotoksik
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13 The diagram below shows the immune response in the human body.
Which statement about the above diagram is true?
A Cell X secretes lymphokine, then divides to form cells Y and Z in the presence of substance R.
B Cell Z responds quickly towards the repeated infection of a particular disease.
C Substance S induces proliferation of lymphocytes involved in the immune disease.
D Cell Y prepares other lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
14 The following are the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium that causes human malaria.
I Formation of gametocytes
II Multiplication in liver
III Injection of parasite
IV Completion of gametogony
V Migration of sporozoites to mosquito salivary gland
VI Invasion and multiplication in red blood cells
Which is the correct sequence of the Plasmodium life cycle?
AI II III IV V VI
B III II I V IV VI
C III II IV V I VI
D III II VI I IV V
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13 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan gerak balas imun dalam badan manusia.
Sel prekursor dari
sum-sum tulang
Bergerak
ke nodus limfa
Bahan R
Sel X
Sel Z
Bahan S
Sel Y
Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang gambar rajah di atas?
A Sel X merembeskan limfokin, kemudian membahagi menghasilkan sel Y dan Z dalam
kehadiran bahan R.
B Sel Z merespon dengan cepat terhadap jangkitan semula penyakit tertentu.
C Bahan S merangsang proliferasi limfosit yang terlibat dalam penyakit keimunan.
D Sel Y menyediakan limfosit lain untuk menghasilkan antibodi.
14 Yang berikut ialah peringkat kitar hidup Plasmodium yang menyebabkan malaria kepada
manusia.
I Pembentukan gametosit
II Pengandaan di dalam hati
III Suntikan parasit
IV Pelengkapan gametogoni
V Penghijrahan sporozoites kepada kelenjar liur nyamuk
VI Serangan dan pengandaan dalam sel darah merah
Yang manakah urutan yang benar tentang kitar hidup Plasmodium?
AI II III IV V VI
B III II I V IV VI
C III II IV V I VI
D III II VI I IV V
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15 A person suffering from abrupt onset of fever, headache, facial flushing, conjuctival suffusion and
severe backache is most likely to contract
A dengue
B cholera
C malaria
D tuberculosis
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15 Seorang yang menderita serangan mendadak demam, sakit kepala, kemerahan pada wajah,
konjugtivitis dan sakit pinggang kemungkinan besar menghidap
A denggi
B kolera
C malaria
D tuberkulosis
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Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
16 The diagram below shows the simplified chemical reaction that occurs during the transport of
carbon dioxide by the red blood cell in a mammal.
R + O2 CO2 + H2O
Cell/tissue
II
T
CO2 + H2O I O2
HCO3− H+ + Hb
S
Erythrocyte membrane H2CO3 HbO2
(a) Name the substances labelled R, S and T. [3 marks]
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Explain what happens at stages I and II. [4 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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Bahagian B [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
16 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas kimia yang diringkaskan yang berlaku semasa
pengangkutan karbon dioksida oleh sel darah merah dalam mamalia.
R + O2 CO2 + H2O
Sel/tisu
II
T
CO2 + H2O I O2
HCO3− H+ + Hb
S
Membran eritrosit H2CO3 HbO2
(a) Namakan bahan yang berlabel R, S, dan T. [3 markah]
R: ...............................................................................................................................................................
S: ...............................................................................................................................................................
T: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat I dan II. [4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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17 The diagram below shows simplified events in menstrual cycle of humans.
PQ
Thickness of
endometrium
Menstrual Proliferative Ovulation Secretory
phase phase phase
(a) Name the structure labelled P and Q. [2 marks]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) State two types of hormones which influence the above menstrual cycle, and state the role of
each hormone. [4 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) What happens to structure Q if [1 mark]
(i) fertilisation occurs?
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) fertilisation does not occur? [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan ringkasan peristiwa dalam kitar haid manusia.
Q
P
Ketebalan
endometrium
Fasa Fasa Ovulasi Fasa
haid proliferatif rembesan
(a) Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q. [2 markah]
P: ...............................................................................................................................................................
Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Nyatakan dua jenis hormon yang mempengaruhi kitar haid di atas, dan nyatakan peranan
setiap hormon. [4 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q jika [1 markah]
(i) persenyawaan berlaku?
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) persenyawaan tidak berlaku? [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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Section C [30 marks]
Answer any two questions in this section.
18 (a) Give the definition, causes and methods of prevention of each of the following cardiovascular
disorders.
(i) Arteriosclerosis
(ii) Hypertension
[10 marks]
(b) With the aid of Munch Model, describe the mechanism of mass translocation in phloem.
[5 marks]
19 (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of double fertilisation in an angiosperm.
[5 marks]
(b) Describe the main structural features that favour cross-pollination in an angiosperm.
[4 marks]
(c) Describe the characteristics of the following types of asexual reproduction.
(i) Polyembryony
(ii) Parthenogenesis
(iii) Vegetative reproduction
[6 marks]
20 (a) Name the organs of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. [8 marks]
(b) A malfunctioned kidney may be replaced by a healthy one which is transplanted from a
donor.
(i) Explain why the healthy kidney may later be rejected by the recipient’s body. [4 marks]
(ii) What are the steps taken to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipient’s body?
[3 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah]
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
18 (a) Berikan takrif, punca, dan kaedah pencegahan setiap penyakit kardiovaskular yang berikut.
(i) Arteriosklerosis
(ii) Hipertensi
[10 markah]
(b) Dengan bantuan Model Munch, perihalkan mekanisme translokasi jisim dalam floem.
[5 markah]
19 (a) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, perihalkan proses persenyawaan ganda dua dalam suatu
angiosperma. [5 markah]
(b) Perihalkan sifat struktur utama yang menggalakkan pendebungaan silang dalam suatu
angiosperma. [4 markah]
(c) Perihalkan ciri bagi jenis pembiakan aseks yang berikut.
(i) Poliembrioni
(ii) Partenogenesis
(iii) Pembiakan vegitatif [6 markah]
20 (a) Namakan organ dan struktur dalam system limfa, dan perihalkan fungsi masing-masing.
[8 markah]
(b) Ginjal yang tidak berfungsi boleh digantikan dengan ginjal yang sihat yang dipindahkan
daripada seorang penderma.
(i) Jelaskan mengapa ginjal yang sihat mungkin kemudiannya akan ditolak oleh badan
penerima. [4 markah]
(ii) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah penolakan oleh badan
penerima itu? [3 markah]
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64
Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/3 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Answer all questions in Section A. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers. For each
question, four suggested answers are given. Choose the correct answer and circle the answer.
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical
answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper
and arrange your answers in numerical order.
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.
Bagi setiap soalan, empat cadangan jawapan diberikan. Pilih jawapan yang betul dan buat bulatan
pada jawapan tersebut.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang diberikan.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai.
Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda
mengikut tertib berangka.
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 964/3
65
Section A [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
1 Which genera belongs to the phylum Coniferophyta?
A Zea
B Cycas
C Dryopteris
D Marchantia
2 Housefly is classified into the Order
A Diptera
B Hemiptera
C Orthoptera
D Hymenoptera
3 Which statement is true of an ecosystem?
A It encompasses living and non living components.
B It encompasses edaphic, climatic and topographic factors.
C It comprises of various species living together in a habitat.
D It comprises of organisms with the same morphological characteristics.
4 Which energy flows in an ecosystem involves the transfer of the greatest amount of energy?
A Plant Herbivore
B Herbivore Carnivore
C Carnivore Decomposer
D Herbivore Decomposer
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Bahagian A [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini
1 Genus yang manakah kepunyaan filum Coniferophyta?
A Zea
B Cycas
C Dryopteris
D Marchantia
2 Lalat dikelaskan kedalam Order
A Diptera
B Hemiptera
C Orthoptera
D Hymenoptera
3 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang ekosistem?
A Meliputi komponen hidup dan bukan hidup
B Meliputi faktor edafik, faktor iklim, dan faktor topografik
C Meliputi pelbagai spesies yang hidup bersama dalam suatu habitat
D Meliputi organisma yang mempunyai ciri morfologi yang sama
4 Pengaliran tenaga dalam ekosistem yang manakah yang melibatkan pemindahan amaun tenaga
yang paling banyak?
A Tumbuhan Herbivor
B Herbivor Karnivor
C Karnivor Pengurai
D Herbivor Pengurai
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5 The graph below shows the survivorship curves for three species of animals.
Number of
survivors
(log scale)
Percentage of maximum life span
Which characteristic of the animal is correctly matched to its survivorship curve?
Characteristic Curve
A Natality rate is high (c)
B Care for offspring is minimal (a)
C Mortality rate remains constant with age (a)
D Mortality is concentrated at the end of the maximum life span (b)
6 Which statement is not true of an artificial classification system?
A The system is based on phylogenetic relationship.
B The system can be used to construct dichotomous keys.
C Organisms are placed into groups for specific purposes.
D Organisms are placed into groups according to their different characteristics which are
arbitrarily chosen.
7 The processes below contribute to speciation except
A isolation
B succession
C natural selection
D formation of different gene pool
8 Alleles A and B are codominant. How many types of phenotype would be produced from the
cross AB × AB?
A1
B2
C3
D4
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5 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung kemandirian bagi tiga spesies haiwan.
Bilangan
yang hidup
(skala log)
Peratusan jangka masa maksimum hidup
Ciri haiwan yang manakah yang sepadan dengan betul dengan lengkung kemandiriannya?
Ciri Lengkung
A Kadar kenatalan yang tinggi (c)
B Penjagaan anak minima (a)
C Kadar kemortalan kekal malar dengan umur (a)
D Kemortalan tertumpu pada akhir tempoh hidup maksimum (b)
6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan?
A Sistem yang berdasarkan hubungan filogenetik.
B Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kunci dikotomi.
C Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan untuk kegunaan spesifik.
D Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara
sembarangan.
7 Proses di bawah menyumbang kepada penspesiesan kecuali
A pemencilan
B penggantian
C pemilihan semulajadi
D pembentukan kolam gen yang berbeza
8 Alel A dan B adalah kodominan. Berapakah jenis fenotip yang akan terhasil daripada kacukan
AB × AB?
A1
B2
C3
D4
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9 The frequency of the allele B in a population at genetic equilibrium is 0.70. What is the frequency
of the Bb genotype?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 The graphs below show the ultraviolet absorption in the experiment to prove the mode of DNA
replication.
Percentage
of ultraviolet
absorption
Generation 0
Nitrogen content
Generation 1
Nitrogen content
Generation 2
Nitrogen content
Generation 3
N14 N14 N15 Nitrogen content
N14 N15 N15
Which conclusion can be made from the above graphs?
A The dispersive mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 1.
B The conservative mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 2.
C The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 1.
D The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 2.
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9 Frekuensi alel B dalam populasi dalam keseimbangan genetik ialah 0.70. Berapakah frekuensi
genotip Bb?
A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70
10 Graf di bawah menunjukkan penyerapan ultra lembayung dalam uji kaji untuk membuktikan cara
pereplikaan DNA.
Peratusan
serapan ultra
lembayung
Generasi 0
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 1
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 2
Kandungan nitrogen
Generasi 3
N14 N14 N15 Kandungan nitrogen
N14 N15 N15
Kesimpulan yang manakah yang boleh dibuat daripada graf di atas?
A Mode dispersif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 1.
B Mode konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 2.
C Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.
D Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.
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11 Gene expression is defined as
A the transcription of genes from DNA
B the use of information in DNA to produce a protein
C the transfer of one gene from one organism to another
D the translation of one gene by ribosomes to produce protein
12 The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a disease.
The inheritance of the disease is controlled by
A X-linked recessive gene
B X-linked dominant gene
C autosomal recessive gene
D autosomal dominant gene
13 Which statement is not true of mutation?
A The deletion of two bases causes frame-shift mutation.
B Cri-du-chat syndrome is caused by a deletion in chromosome 5.
C Allopolyploidy involved chromosome doubling from different genomes.
D A chromosomal mutation involves the deletion of a base pair from a gene.
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11 Pengekspresan gen boleh ditakrifkan sebagai
A transkripsi gen daripada DNA
B penggunaan maklumat dalam DNA untuk menghasilkan protein
C pemindahan satu gen dari satu organisma kepada satu organisma yang lain
D translasi satu gen oleh ribosom untuk menghasilkan protein
12 Salasiah di bawah menunjukkan penyakit pewarisan.
Petanda: Lelaki
normal
Lelaki
penghidap
Perempuan Perempuan
Penghidap normal
Penyakit pewarisan dikawal oleh
A gen resesif X-terangkai
B gen dominan X-terangkai
C gen resesif autosom
D gen dominan autosom
13 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang mutasi?
A Pelenyapan dua bes menyebabkan mutasi anjakan rangka.
B Sindrom Cri-du-chat disebabkan oleh pelenyapan kromosom 5.
C Alopoliploidi melibatkan pengandaan kromosom daripada genom yang berbeza.
D Mutasi kromosom melibatkan pelenyapan pasangan bes daripada satu gen.
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14 The diagram below shows steps in DNA cloning using bacterial plasmid.
Source DNA
Plasmid
Cloned DNA
What processes are represented by P, Q and R?
PQ R
Transformation
A Amplification Screening Screening
Amplification
B Amplification Transformation Screening
C Transformation Screening
D Transformation Amplification
15 Transgenic bacteria is used in the following industrial processes except
A decomposition of oil spill
B degradation of organic waste
C production of α-1-antitrypsin
D introduction of herbicide-resistant gene into plant
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14 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah pengklonan DNA mengunakan plasmid bakteria.
DNA sumber
Plasmid
DNA terklon
Apakah yang diwakili oleh P, Q, dan R?
PQ R
Transformasi
A Amplifikasi Penyaringan Penyaringan
Amplifikasi
B Amplifikasi Transformasi Penyaringan
C Transformasi Penyaringan
D Transformasi Amplifikasi
15 Bakteria transgenik digunakan dalam proses industri berikut kecuali
A penguraian tumpahan minyak
B degradasi bahan buangan organik
C penghasilan α-1-antitrypsin
D pengenalan gen rintangan herbisid ke dalam tumbuhan
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Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
16 The graphs below show the normal distribution of early population of an organism living in three
different environments, I, II and III. The arrows represent the selection pressure on the phenotypes.
Number of I Number of II
individuals individuals
Phenotype Phenotype
Number of III
individuals
Phenotype [3 marks]
(a) Sketch the curve to show the effect of natural selection in each case.
(b) State the types of selection represented by the curves you have sketched in (a). [3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Give one example of the phenomenon resulting from each of the selections II and III.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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Bahagian B [15 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
16 Graf di bawah menunjukkan taburan normal awal populasi organism yang hidup di tiga
persekitaran yang berbeza I, II, dan III. Anak panah mewakili tekanan pemilihan keatas fenotip.
Bilangan I Bilangan II
individu individu
Fenotip Fenotip
Bilangan III
individu
Fenotip
(a) Lakar lengkung yang menunjukkan kesan pemilihan semula jadi dalam setiap kes.
[3 markah]
(b) Nyatakan jenis pemilihan yang mewakili lengkung yang anda lakar dalam (a).
[3 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Berikan satu contoh fenomena yang dihasilkan daripada pemilihan II dan III. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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17 (a) The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which
involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q. Draw the complete diagram to show
the arrangement of the chromosomes if non-disjunction occurs involving the pair of chromosome P
during meiosis I. [6 marks]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Gamete Gamete Gamete Gamete
(b) State the type of the above chromosomal mutation. [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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17 (a) Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat meiosis semasa pembentukan gamet yang
melibatkan sepasang kromosom P dan sepasang kromosom Q. Lukis gambar rajah lengkap untuk
menunjukkan susunan kromosom jika tak disjungsi berlaku yang melibatkan pasangan kromosom P
semasa meiosis I. [6 markah]
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Gamet Gamet Gamet Gamet
(b) Nyatakan jenis mutasi kromosom di atas. [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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Section C [30 marks]
Answer any two questions in this section.
18 (a) Describe the characteristic features of the phylum Bryophyta and Filicinophyta. [8 marks]
(b) Water pollution is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in Malaysia. Discuss this statement.
[7 marks]
19 (a) Explain the energy flow in the carbon cycle. [7 marks]
(b) Compare the adaptive characteristics of K− and r −strategies. [8 marks]
20 In a small population, 40 individuals are tasters of phenylthiocarbamide and 60 are non-tasters.
The dominant allele T controls the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide.
(a) (i) Determine the frequencies of allele t and allele T. [6 marks]
(ii) Determine the number of individuals who are heterozygous in the population. [4 marks]
(b) If 20 non-tasters immigrate into the population, determine the new frequencies of allele t and
allele T. [5 marks]
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Bahagian C [30 markah]
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
18 (a) Perihalkan cici-ciri filum Bryophyta dan Filicinophyta. [8 markah]
(b) Pencemaran air adalah ancaman utama kepada kepelbagian biologi di Malaysia. Bincangkan
pernyataan ini. [7 markah]
19 (a) Jelaskan pengaliran tenaga di dalam kitar karbon. [7 markah]
(b) Bandingkan ciri penyesuaian strategi K dan strategi r. [8 markah]
20 Dalam satu populasi kecil, 40 individu ialah perasa feniltiokarbamida dan 60 individu bukan
perasa feniltiokarbamida. Alel dominan T mengawal keupayaan untuk merasa feniltiokarbamida.
(a) (i) Tentukan kekerapan alel t dan alel T. [6 markah]
(ii) Tentukan bilangan individu yang heterozigot dalam populasi itu. [4 markah]
(b) Jika 20 individu bukan perasa berhijrah masuk ke dalam populasi itu, tentukan kekerapan
baharu alel t dan alel T. [5 markah]
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82
SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT
964/4 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
STPM 964/4 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
83
STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Experiment 1
Title: Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells
Objectives: To determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.
Learning Outcome: At the end of the experiment, the candidates should be able to
(i) prepare solutions of various molarities from a stock solution.
(ii) tabulate the results and plot graphs.
(iii) analyse and interpret experimental results.
Introduction:
Osmotic potential of a cell refers to the amount of solute dissolved in the cell sap, containing mostly
water and be the main cause to its osmotic concentration. The difference in osmotic concentration
inside the cell and its surrounding is called a concentration gradient. Movement of water molecules
via semi permeable membrane occurs from a region of higher water concentration (low osmotic
potential) to a region of lower water concentration (high osmotic potential).
Materials and apparatus:
(i) 1.0 M sucrose solution
(ii) Distilled water
(iii) Potato
(iv) Large test tubes
(v) Beakers
(vi) Ruler
(vii) Filter paper
(viii) Petri dish with cover
(ix) Marker pen
(x) Cork-borer
(xi) Single-edge blade
(xii) White tile
(xiii) Graph paper
(xiv) Dissecting needle/Mounted needle
(xv) 25 ml measuring cylinder
(xvi) Fine forceps
(xvii) 10 ml pipette
(xviii) Analytical balance
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STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Procedure:
1. Prepare 20 ml of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions from 1.0 M stock
solution in labelled test tubes. Use the following formula to assist you in preparing your
dilution.
M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 = initial molarity
V1 = initial volume
M2 = final molarity
V2 = final volume
2. Record the volume of the stock solution and distilled water used in each dilution in Table 1.
3. Prepare 15 cylindrical strips of potato tissues using a cork-borer. Cut the strips to a uniform
length.
4. Take 3 potato strips, record their average initial length and weight and place them into the test
tube containing 0.1 M sucrose solution. Note down the texture of the potato strips.
5. Repeat step 4 using 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions and wait for 30 minutes.
6. Plot a standard curve of the osmotic potential against the molarities of the sucrose solutions
using the data given below.
Molarity (M) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
Osmotic potential 1.3 2.6 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.6 14.3 16.0
(in atmosphere)
7. After 30 minutes, remove the strips with the dissecting needle/mounted needle provided. Dry
the strips gently with filter paper and record their average final length and weight.
8. Note down any changes to the texture of the potato strips.
9. Create your own table to record the results. (Table 2)
10. Plot another graph of the average change in the length of the potato strips against the molarities
of the sucrose solution used.
11. Use both the graphs to determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.
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STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___
Result:
Table 1
Molarity 0.1 M 0.2 M 0.3 M 0.4 M 0.5 M
Volume of 1.0 M sucrose solution used (ml)
Volume of distilled water used (ml)
Table 2
Discussion:
1 (a) From the first graph, determine the solute concentration of the cell sap of the potato tissues (in
molarity) of sucrose solution. Explain your answer. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) From the standard curve, determine the equivalent osmotic potential (in atmosphere) of the
cell sap. [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
2 What is the relationship between the changes in weight of the potato strips and their texture?
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
3 Plant fertilizer contains many solutes. Why an overdose of fertilizer may kill a plant? [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….
(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)
SPECIMEN PAPER
964/5 STPM
BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)
Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s
use
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO. 1
2
Answer all questions. 3
Write your answers in the spaces provided. Total
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA
DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN.
Jawab semua soalan.
Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 964/5
87
1 A group of students carried out an experiment on respiration using yeast.
A fermentation tube was filled with 5% glucose solution and 5 drops of 10% yeast suspension. It
was then put inside a test tube as shown below.
Test tube
Fermentation tube
Height of fluid
The apparatus set-up was placed in an incubator at 37 °C for 60 hours. The heights of the fluid
and the gas in the fermentation tube were recorded every 10 hours.
(a) Is oxygen involved in the process? [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Name the end products of the fermentation. [3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Complete the table below. [3 marks]
Time (hour) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Height of fluid (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66
Height of gas (mm)
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1 Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu uji kaji tentang respirasi dengan menggunakan yis.
Satu tabung penapaian diisi dengan larutan glukosa 5% dan 5 titis ampaian yis 10%. Tabung
penapaian itu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam satu tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
Tabung uji
Tabung penapaian
Tinggi cecair
Susunan alat radas diletakkan ke dalam pengeram pada 37 °C selama 60 jam. Tinggi bendalir dan
gas di dalam tabung penapaian direkodkan setiap 10 jam.
(a) Adakah oksigen terlibat dalam proses itu? [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Namakan hasil akhir penapaian itu. [3 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. [3 markah]
Masa (jam) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tinggi bendalir (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66
Tinggi gas (mm)
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(d) Plot a graph of the height of the gas against time. [3 marks]
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(d) Plot graf tinggi gas lawan masa. [3 markah]
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(e) Based on the graph that you have plotted, describe briefly the fermentation process.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) State two industrial applications of the yeast fermentation. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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(e) Berdasarkan graf yang anda plot itu, perihalkan secara ringkas proses penapaian itu.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(f) Nyatakan dua penggunaan industri penapaian yis. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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2 (a) A cross-section of an organ that has been diverted out of a rat is shown in the diagram below.
B C
A D
E
F
JG
IH
(i) Name the organ, and the structures labelled A and I. [5 marks]
Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….
B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….
C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….
D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..
E: ……………………………………………….
(ii) State two function of the organ. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) State the similarity and the difference in function between the structures B and C.
[2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) State the common function of structures F, G and J. [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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2 (a) Keratan rentas satu organ yang telah dialih keluar daripada seekor tikus ditunjukkan dalam
gambar rajah di bawah.
B C
A D
E
F
JG
I
H
(i) Namakan organ itu, dan struktur berlabel A hingga I. [5 markah]
Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………
A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….
B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….
C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….
D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..
E: ……………………………………………….
(ii) Nyatakan dua fungsi organ itu. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan fungsi antara struktur B dengan struktur C.
[2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iv) Nyatakan fungsi sepunya struktur F, G, dan J. [1 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
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(b) The structures shown in the diagram below are related to the organ in (a).
KL
(i) Name the structures K and L. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give two characteristics of each of the structures. [2 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Why are the wall structures of K and L are different? [1 mark]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
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