history_Classical

Elippode is a small settlement, near PTP Nagar, in Thiruvananthapuram. The place is
thickly populated and is one of the residential areas in the city. The place is around 8
km from East Fort and 1 km from Valiyavila

Nearby is Vettamukku, it was
the forest area, in olden days in this
place the Kings used to come for
hunting. Another place it is the
famous Temple Parakkovil, it was
constructed by Pancha Pandava



Parakovil or Thrichakrapuram
Sree Krishna Swamy Temple is very
ancient temple with the main idol as
Sree Krishna. Parakovil was built
before Sree Padmanabha.


There is a temple for Lord Krishna on top of the hill rock. The small temple has
around 95 steps where the entire green trivandrum can be seen. The temple had two
small shrines, for Ganesha and Krishna. The entrance had a small wish tree also.
Tirumala Krishna Temple Entrance

On the foot hill of the temple, there is an ashram where Goddess Devi and Lord
Krishna's shrine is present. It is a very peaceful place in the Trivandrum City.



The massive granite blocks of the fort wall at Thiruvananthapuram have withstood
the ravages of time. Though the original granite walls in the East and Southeast were
later replaced with laterite and brick, the western side of the fort can tell us a lot about the
old security measures adopted to
defend the temple and the settlements
surrounding it. Pachu Moothathu, in his
Thiruvithakoor Charithram ,1867.


There is a temple for Lord Krishna
on top of the hill rock. The small temple
has around 95 steps where the entire
green Trivandrum can be seen. The
temple has three shines, Krishna as the
main one and Ganesha and Ayyappa as
the minor ones. The entrance has a
small wish tree also.

Tirumala Krishna Temple Entrance

On the foot hill of the temple,
there is an ashram where Goddess
Devi and Lord Krishna's shrine is
present. It also has a samadhi with a
Siva’s shrine downstairs. It is a very
peaceful place in Trivandrum City.

Thirumala and the surrounding
regions were once famous for its
several rocky outcrop. The famed
Trichakrapuram Sree Krishna Swamy
temple, Parakoil and the nearby
Manippara are the few remaining vestiges of the older skyline. Parakoil is famous
because it was from this massive stone hill was the huge monolith extracted in 1731 for
the construction of the Ottakalmandapam. The construction works started by Marthanda
Varma was carried forward by his successor, Karthika Tirunal Rama Varma.





Pooja P.R


Roll No. 10

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HISTORY OF KATTAKADA

Kattakada itself derived from 'Kattalkada' that throws light into the town's past. 'Kattal' means wild
banyan tree and 'kada' shop,” he said. “Initially, Kattakada was a place where there was a market under
the shade of a huge banyan tree. And hence the name Kattalkada,”


Kattakada is in the eastern part of Thiruvanathapram District. It is situated about 18 km east of
Trivandrum, the capital of Kerala. To its north is situated Nedumangad (18 km) and to its south,
Neyyattinkara (14 km). It is a commercial centre and the second biggest market of hill products in the
district,after Nedumangad. Neyyar Dam, a tourist spot and the core of Agasthyavanam Wildlife
Sanctuary,is only 10 km away from Kattakada at kuttichal panchyath, towards the east. Thus, Kattakada
is situated at the centre of four places: Trivandrum to the west, Neyyattinkara to the south, Neyyar Dam
to the east and Nedumangad to the north.
The nearest railway stations are Trivandrum Central(18 km), Balaramapuram (10 km) and Neyyattinkara
(13 km).Kattakada is the entry point to the mountain ranges (Western Ghats) and the nerve centre of the
eastern parts of the district. Also, it is a growing educational centre in the Trivandrum district, which fast
emerges as the educational hub of the district. The present day Kattakada town lies in two village
panchayts; Kattakada and Poovachal.

Kattakada Taluk (Tehsil) was declared in the Legislative Assembly in March 2013. The new Taluk was
inaugurated on 11 February 2014. Kattakada is a constituency in the Legislative Assembly since 2011.
Presently Adv. I. B. Satheesh represents the constituency after former Speaker of Kerala Legislative
Assembly, N. Saktan of Congress, faced a surprise defeat from him in the 2016 assembly election. A
considerable portion of the town which forms part of Poovachal Panchayat, is included in the
neighbouring Aruvikara Assembly constituence

Situated in the Agasthyamalai hill ranges in the south of the Western Ghats, in Nedumangad and
Neyyatinkara Taluks of Thiruvananthapuram district, Neyyar is a popular picnic spot.The Neyyar wildlife
sanctuary established in 1958 is located at the foot of the Western Ghats, 30km east of
Thiruvananthapuram. It is spread over an area of 128km. The landscape is hilly and wooded. Wildlife is
represented here by wild elephants, Sambhar , Jungle cat, Gaur, Niligiri langur and the Niligiri ahr. Tigers
and Leopards have also been sighted up. Besides there is a large population of crocodiles and otters . A
crocodile farm was set in 1977. Gardens near the dam are decorated with larger then life statues. Boats
can be hired to view deer and other wildlife on an island in the reservoir area of the dam.



He sanctuary has a wide variety of vegetation and landscape, ranging from tropical wet
evergreen forest to grasslands. The best way to explore the sanctuary is by boat. Climate conditions are
moderately hot and humid, and hottest in March and April.

Archa.R

10A

THRISSUR

Thrissur, formerly Trichur, also known by its historical name Thrisshivaperur, is a city and the
headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala, India. It is the fourth largest city in Kerala after
Trivandrum, Kochi and Kozhikode. It is famous for the Thrissur Pooram festival. The city is built
around a 65-acre hillock called the Thekkinkaadu Maidaanam which seats the Vadakkumnathan
temple. Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin. Thrissur is known as "Cultural
Capital of Kerala '' due to its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history. One of its
main cultural events is the Thrissur Pooram, which attracts quite a number of tourists and travellers.
Thrissur Pooram was not conducted in the year 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thrissur
has a large number of well-known temples including the Vadakkumnathan temple, Thiruvambadi Sri
Krishna Temple and Paramekkavu temple, and the Guruvayur temple as well as two churches, the
Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral and the Our Lady of Dolours
Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica, the largest Christian church in India.






FESTIVALS

Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala. Thrissur Pooram
also called 'the pooram of all poorams' is celebrated every year in
the month of Medam (mid-April to mid-may) as per the malayalam
calendar. It is the biggest of all poorams held in Kerala. The city
plays host, for 36 hours from the wee hours of the pooram day, to
one of the largest collections of people and elephants.Puli Kali also
known as Kavakali is another festival, which attracts thousands of
people to the city. It is performed by trained artists to entertain
people on the occasion of Onam, an annual harvest festival,
celebrated mainly in Kerala.The most important festivals celebrated
in the City include Christmas, Onam, Easter, Eid and Vishu. The city
is widely acclaimed as the land of elephant lovers. Aanayoottu
(feeding of elephants), is the world's largest elephant feeding
ceremony held in Vadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually.




TOURISM

Tourism Circuit Tourism 2017 is being celebrated by the United Nation Organisation as the year of
sustainable development of tourism. Keeping this in mind, DTPC, Thrissur, under the department of
tourism, Kerala has launched Tourism Circuits all across the District, with a view to promote and
uplift these cherished hopes. In order to fulfill the goals, six Tourism Circuits have been formed in
Thrissur District. These circuits were conceptualised by the Assistant Collector Under Trainee Mr.
M.V.R Krishna Teja IAS under the aegis of the District Collector Dr. A. Kowsigan IAS. They were
inaugurated by the Honb Minister of Industries Sri A.C. Moideen and Honb Agriculture Minister Sri
V.S. Sunil Kumar on 7 April.

MEDIA

The first Malayalam newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came
Deenabandhu edited by V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan. Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in
1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As
soon as the Quit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications
were banned.The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in
Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views. Major Malayalam newspapers published in
Thrissur include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi,
Deshabhimani, Mangalam, Veekshanam, Metro Vaartha and Janayugom. A number of evening
papers, like General in Malayalam and City Journal in English, are also published from the city.
Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available in
city. The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur
by Jose Kattookkaran in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established
in city again by Jose Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope now known as Jose
Theatre. A film festival, known as ViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an
international short and documentary film festival. Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club
FM 104.8 MHz, Radio Mango 91.9 MHz, BEST FM 95 by (Asianet Communications Limited), Red FM
91.1 MHz.






















SRAVAN.P

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Maheshwaram Sri Shivaparvathi temple At



Chenkal

Maheshwaram Sri Shivaparvathi temple belonging to a very remote village of
Thiruvananthapuram, It is known as across India and its fame is spreading far wide. The

temple is situated near Neyyanttinkara &Parassala in the district of Thiruvananthapuram.
Neyyanttinkara is famous of Sree Krishna temple also known as Guruvayur of south Kerala,
while centuries old Mahadeva temple of Parassala has conducted Athirudra Mahayajna almost
two decades back,and one of the famous Shiva temples of Thiruvananthapuram district.

At that time, Shiva parvathy temple owned by temple trusted was only a small temple, but
known as the far wide for its religious rituals, astrology and ‘ Parihara kriyas’ or solutions based
on tantric principles conducted by Brahmachari priest Swamy Maheshwarananda Saraswathy,

then known by the name
Krishnankutty.People from other districts
also used to visit the temple to solve their
family issues and other problems, for
prosperity and fulfil their goals and dreams
through hindu tantric rituals. But now the
architecture of the temple has placed its
name in the culture map of Shiva temples
of India.


Suprising facts behind this newly
renovated Shivaparvathi temple doesn’t
end here.

The Shivalingam at Chenkal broke the
world record of the highest Shivalingam of

the world, previously held by
Kotilingeshwara temple in the village of
the Kammasandra in Kolar district,
Karnataka. It has a measuring height of 108
feet (33 m) which was a world record, later
broken by Chenkal Mahadeva- parvathi
temple of Kerala.


The six stories of Shivalingam are constructed on the basis of the 6 chakras or energy
centres of the body – Muladhara, Swadishtana, Manipura, Anahatha, Vishuddha, and Ajna. As
per the astrological predictions, the temple is Svayambhoo and 5000 years old, which might be
demolished because of some natural calamities.

Mahasivalingam is located in the
north-south direction of the temple

complex. Human body is built using
Panchabuta has 6 basic elements,
and the Shivalinga is made based on
these elements. Soil and water from
different pilgrim places including
Kailasa, Rameshwaram and Kasi, and
rare ayurvedic medicines have
been used for the temple
construction. When you enter
Mahashivalingam, it seems like we

are entering toa cave or a den, and it also gives a cave - like atmosphere. At the top most
position, it’s Kailasa sankalpam. When we reach Kailasa after travelling through the different
experiences, we achieve

Moksha - that’s the basic principle used for this temple architecture. In the top most Storey ,
beneath 1000 – petal lotus structure resides the presiding deities - Shiva and parvathi.

By Aswini Sanil.S

Class:- 10 A