E-book of Personal Financial Management

Preface

Personal Financial Management at its most basic level, entails acquiring a thorough grasp of
your financial condition to maximize your assets in both day-to-day life and long-term
planning. There is an increase on online classes due to Covid19 in 2020 onwards, as the number
of online classes grew, students starting lost interest in learning by simply listening to the
lecturer’s teaching. The main objective of this project is to simplify and improve the overall
learning experience in order to make studying more interesting and engaging. Moreover, it can
also relieve lecturer’s workload of creating new teaching materials hence familiarizing students
with new technology. Pre and post-test forms are distributed to students and according to the
results of the survey form, most students are satisfied with the e-book that will be established
because it will make it easier for them to obtain various materials from a single source. This
project is develop using the Addie Model in order to generate an e-book that provides an
interactive and attractive platform for students. This e-book is more user-friendly since it
includes animation, video, interactive exercises, quizzes, riddles, and other elements. Students
will be intrigued to learn if this e-book is included into teaching and learning activities. It is
creatin specifically for Polytechnic students studying Personal Finance Management.
Keywords: Electronic Book, Personal Financial Management, Interactive

NURUL AQILAH BINTI AZMI
AILAH SYAMIMI BINTI HEZDIR
NURSYAZWANI BINTI AMAT AJIS
NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD HASSAN

BIOGRAPHY

NAME : PN. NOORLALI BINTI MOHD KASSIM
WORKING : 1989 – 2000 (Industry)
EXPERIENCE
POSITION 2003 – NOW (Lecturer in Politeknik)
: SUPERVISOR/MENTOR

NAME : NURUL AQILAH BINTI AZMI
EDUCATION : POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN

COURSE ABDUL AZIZ SHAH, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR.
: BUSINESS STUDIES, DEPARTMENT OF

COMMERCE

NAME : AILAH SYAMIMI BINTI HEDZIR
EDUCATION : POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN

COURSE ABDUL AZIZ SHAH, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR.
: BUSINESS STUDIES, DEPARTMENT OF

COMMERCE

NAME : NURSYAZWANI BINTI AMAT AJIS
EDUCATION : POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN

COURSE ABDUL AZIZ SHAH, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR.
: BUSINESS STUDIES, DEPARTMENT OF

COMMERCE

NAME : NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD HASSAN
EDUCATION : POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN

COURSE ABDUL AZIZ SHAH, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR.
: BUSINESS STUDIES, DEPARTMENT OF

COMMERCE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to Allah for his showers of blessings throughout our
project task to complete it successfully.

We would like to give special gratitude and appreciation to both our lecturer and supervisor,
Dr. Murugadas A/L Ramdas@Chelamuthu, Pn. Noorlaili Binti Mohd Kassim. We would not
be able to do our project effectively without their guidance. They always provide us with
support and guidance on how to do our project to help us obtain a good result. They were a
huge inspiration for us to work on this project. We would also like to express our gratitude to
them for advising us in this course.

This project cannot complete without effort and co-operation from our group members, which
consist of Nurul Aqilah Binti Azmi, Ailah Syamimi Binti Hedzir, Nursyazwani Binti Amat
Ajis, and Nur Syazwani Binti Mohd Hassan. We always work hard to produce a good project
with our full commitment and responsibility.

Last but not least, we would want to extend our gratitude to the Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah campus in Shah Alam for allowing us to work on this project. We would also
like to thank our friends and family that support us throughout this journey and the respondents
for their support and willingness to spend time with us filling out the surveys that allow us to
make a better-quality project.

Table Of


Content

Chapter 1




1 - 24
Chapter 2


25 - 38


Chapter 3 39 - 57



58 - 82
CHapter 4


83 - 113


Chapter 5 114 - 141



142 - 161
Chapter 6


162 - 175

CHapter 7



Chapter 8

Page 1

Chapter 1

Overview of

Financial


Management

Page 1

Page 2

CONTENT

1. Steps in financial planning and its benefit
2. Life stages with financial goals that

affect financial planning
3. Explain the importance of the time value

of money
4. Illustrate the power of compound interest

Page 3

Overview About

Financial Planning

About Financial Planning

What do you do when you want to get
somewhere?

You probably ask yourself - What is the best
way to get there? Will there be traffic jams?

Is it better to take the LRT or bus, or should I get
someone to drive me there instead?

Page 4

To get the best


option

•Evaluate the ones available to you.





•Think about what you need to do, ask yourself

questions and then make your decision.




•These are steps in the process





•That is known as planning. Planning can be for

the short-term, medium-term or long-term.

Page 5

- Financial planning involves asking questions

about your future, your dreams and goals.

- It is thinking about what you want to do in your

life, such as getting married, buying a car or a
house, having children and planning for their

education.

- In financial planning, you look at how you will be

budgeting, saving and spending your money

over time.

Page 6

Steps in financial

planning

There are five steps in financial planning:

1. Assessing where you are now
in financial terms

The first step to creating your financial plan is to

understand your current financial situation. This

means taking an inventory of all of your debt,

income, and expenses.

A second, equally important measure is looking

at your income and expenses. Comparing your

income and expenses provides your cash flow

and insight into where your money is going.

Page 7

2. Setting Goals

The second part in the financial

planning process is to set your

financial goals. Your financial goals

should be unique to your financial

situation and reflective of where you

want to be in the future.

The next step is to determine the

importance and priority of each of

your financial goals and how long
each goal is expected to take. Finally,

think about how much money is

required to achieve each goal. For

some, this process can seem
daunting.

Page 8

3. Creating Financial Plan

You know where you stand financially and

where you would like to be financial. The

third step in the financial planning process

is to create a plan for achieving each of
your financial goals. each of your
financial goals, think about what
it will take for you to achieve
that goal.

Page 9

4. Implementing The Plan

Implementing your financial plan

may mean a lot of things, like

changing how you spend your

money, new pension or investment

strategies, a change in your debt

provider, changes or additions to your

insurance, and/or adjustments
to your income and
expenditures.

Page 10

5. Monitoring and reassessing

it’s important to remember that

financial planning is not a set-in-

stone kind of thing—it’s dynamic, on-

going, and may need revisions and

updates as your financial and/or life


circumstances evolve.

Page 11

2. Life stages and

financial goals

In your adult life, you will go through various stages

•Starting a career to retiring
•From being single to getting married
•Having children and sometimes being single


again

Page 12

Life stages with financial goals

that affect financial planning

- At various phases in your life, you have different

priorities, responsibilities, and financial goals.

- Each stage of your life presents different

investment opportunities and challenges.
- Discipline and perseverance play a key role in

maintaining a reliable financial strategy.

Page 13

- As your life changes, so

do your needs and goals.

Sound financial planning

can prepare you to meet

them successfully.

- When you are in

your 20s, you will be

looking at money and

spending it differently

from when you get

into your 50s.

For example:

When you are

single,

After getting

married and later

having children,

Page 14

Example of life stages for an individual

Page 15

3. Importance of the

time value of money

Time value of money

Imagine that you are offered a sum of

money and asked to choose whether you

want the money now or one year later?

What could RM 1 buy you in 1990, what

could it buy you today and what would it

be able to buy you in the future?

Now would you choose the money now or

money later?

Instinctively, you would know that money

you have now, i.e. at the present time, is

worth more than the same amount in the

future.

Page 16

- This is a key principle of

economics that states as long

as money can earn interest, any

amount of money is worth more

the sooner it is received.

- This concept illustrates the

time value of money, also

known as ‘present discounted

value’.

Page 17

For example:

•You deposit money into an interest bearing

savings account at a 5% interest rate, RM1,000

saved today will be worth RM1,050 in one year

(RM1,000 x 1.05).
•On the other hand, RM1,000 received one year

from now is only worth RM952.38 today (RM1,000

divided by 1.05).

•Here multiplication is used when the ringgit

amount is deposited in an interest bearing

account.
•This is because from now to a given time in future

it would continually yield interest.

Page 18

4. The power of

compound interest

How important is it to begin putting

aside money for savings right now,


instead of some time later?

Ahmad, Siti and Zainal. Each of them consistently

invests the same amount of money, i.e. RM3,000,

which earns the same interest return of 10% per

year. But they start investing at different ages –

Ahmad at age 18, Siti at age 22 and Zainal at age

30.

When all three retire at age 55, Ahmad has more

money than Siti and Zainal. He has RM467,913,

whereas Siti has RM449,773 and Zainal has

RM360,300.

Page 19

Ahmad has not only more money at

age 55, he has also invested the least

amount of money, i.e. RM15,000,

compared to Siti who invested RM24,000

and Zainal who invested RM75,000.

Page 20

How compound interest works –

annually and monthly

• If you put RM10,000 in

the bank that draws 5%

interest per annum, you

will have RM10,500 at the

end of the year.

• If you leave the entire

amount in the bank for

another year, you will

then have RM11,025.

• In the second year, not only will

you get interested on the original

investment, you also receive

interest on the interest you earned

the prior year. This is called

compounded interest

Page 21

- Therefore, you will gain more if you

invest in an investment that pays

interest on a monthly instead of yearly

compounded basis.
- Compound interest can be what we

call a double-edged sword.

Page 22

ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

•It can help give you
•If you have a loan or


more return on your
credit card debt, you can


investment as the
end up paying more


benefit of compounding
interest

interest

•You will earn more
•If these debts are

interest income the
calculated on a

longer you keep your
compounded interest

money invested. rate.

Page 23

QUESTIONS

1. What is financial planning?

2. How do life stages with Financial Goals

give affect Financial Planning?

3. Explain what compound interest is and

give an example

For morePage24

INTERESTING

GAMES

Try the quiz and game below to refresh what you learn!

Page 25

Chapter 2

POWER FROM

YOUR MONEY

Page 26

CONTENT

1. Discuss personal financial goals
2. Identify the importance of setting


personal financial goals
3. Elaborate on how to know one’s


personal net worth
4. Describe the personal net worth
5. Discuss the steps to derive personal net


worth
6. Prepare a personal budget
7. Identify the importance of preparing a


spending plan and managing cash flow
8. Practice a personal budget
9. Identify the importance of living within


one’s financial means
10. Determine the importance of the saving


habit and how to do it
11. Outline a good financial management

Page 27

Personal Financial

Goals

Your financial goals
•Pay attention to what you

will help you
value and believe in life

determine where
•Understand what your

your money will
values and beliefs are,
come from and what

it will go towards. •Writing down financial goals

•Your financial goals must be

as specific as possible

•Break down your goals into

those that are short-term,

medium-term and long-term.

Page 28

Importance Of

Setting Personal

Financial Goals

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• Saving for an
• Have an

emergency
equivalent of at

funds least 6 months’

worth of your basic

living expenses in

your emergency


fund

Page 29

Assets and Liabilities:

What You Own And Owe

What you owe (liabilities)



• Include all types of loans,

whether to your bank, family or


friends,
credit card debt and payments

that are due, such as house rental


and utility bills

What you own (assets)



•Include items such as

cash, savings, real

estate, unit trusts or


shares in companies.

Page 30

Knowing Your

Net Worth

TOTAL TOTAL NET
ASSET LIABILITIES WORTH

•Positive net worth if you own more than

what you owe. (This means that you are


in a healthy financial position)



•Negative net worth if you owe more

than you own. (You are actually in


financial trouble and maybe made a

bankrupt)



•So how is it possible for someone with a

positive net worth to get into problems?

Assets that are not liquid! When assets


are not liquid (easily converted into

cash) there could be potential problems


looming ahead.

Page 31

Steps To Derive

Personal Net Worth

•List the things of value that

you own

•Total up your assets
•List the things that you


owe to others
•Total up your liabilities

•Assets – Liabilities

Personal Budget Page 32

•Refer to your financial goals.

Compare your budget to your

financial goals to see whether or not


you are achieving them.

•Estimate your income for the budget

period

•Put aside at least 10% of your

income for your savings (20-30% of

your income as savings will be better

•Put aside some money for your

emergency fund

•Estimate fixed expenses for the

budget period. Include house rental


and etc

•Also estimate variable expenses for

the period

•Aside from that, estimate your

discretionary expenses

Page 33

Importance Of

Preparing A Spending


Plan And Managing

Cash Flow

•Total cash
•Total cash
CASH SURPLUS
received
outflows
or

during time
during time CASH DEFICIT
period period

CASH SURPLUS •That is fantastic! Put the

money away in your savings.

CASH DEFICIT •Try postponing any

purchases or payments for the

time being.
•Try not to use your

emergency fund unless it is

absolutely necessary

Page 34

Importance Of Living

Within One’s Financial


Means

Knowing your needs and wants

Wants
•A want is

something you

would like to have,

which is not

absolutely

necessary
•E.g. Jewelry

Needs
•A need is

something

you must

have, that you

cannot do

without.
•E.g. food.

Page 35

Importance Of The

Saving Habit And


How To Do It

When you want to buy

something, ask yourself –
Is it something that I

need?
Can I afford the money

to buy it?

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What Is The Outline
Page 36
For A Good Financial
Management

•Setting financial

goals are important

to achieve security


and financial

freedom.

•Saving for an
•Preparing a budget

emergency fund
and tracking your cash

should be one of
your financial goals. flow is part of an

ongoing process that


requires patience,

discipline and flexibility.

Page 37

QUESTIONS

1. What do you need to know when setting

your Financial Planning?

2. Importance of Setting Personal Financial

Goals.

3. What are cash surplus and cash deficit?

4. What is good financial management?

For morePage38

INTERESTING

GAMES

Try the quiz and game below to refresh what you learn!

Page 39

Chapter3

Financial

Products and


Services

Page 40

CONTENTS

1 Figure out banking facilities,

products and services in

Malaysia

2 Classify the needs and wants
3 Discuss the types of banking


services available in Malaysia
Explain the function of Malaysia


4 Deposit Insurance Corporation

a (PIDM)] and Financial

Mediation Bureau

5 Explain Islamic Banking and

how it differs from conventional

banking

6 Discuss Internet Banking in

Malaysia

Page 41

BANK FACILITIES

Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) has produced

a series of informative pamphlets on banking

products and services.

These pamphlets are available in any bank

branches around the country. If you cannot

get them at a bank branch near you, log on

to BNM’s website at www.bankinginfo.com.my

Page 42

All banking institutions
These accounts

offer basic savings
can be operated

accounts (BSA) and
under individual or

basic current

accounts (BCA) to
joint names.
Malaysians and

permanent residents.

BASIC

BANKING

SERVIVE

They operate in the
You are only

same way as ordinary
allowed to open

one BSA and

savings or current
one BCA per

accounts do, the

difference is you can only
bank.

perform basic

transactions with these

accounts at a minimal


cost or for free

Page 43

BANKING SERVICES

AVAILABLE TO YOU

WITH A BSA OR BCA

Over the counter ATM

Account enquiries, deposits
Balance enquiries,

and withdrawals, fund
withdrawals and fund

transfers within the same

transfers within the same

bank and bill payments bank.



Deposit machine Interbank GIRO

Cheque and cash deposits Interbank fund transfer

Internet banking

Account enquires, bill

payments and fund transfers.

Page 44

SAVING ACCOUNT

A savings account (SA)
Cash or cheque deposits
allows you to deposit your
Withdrawals
Account enquiries
money into an account
Fund transfer within

and receive certain
the same banking

institution
interest with no stated

maturity.



Some of the common
Online banking
transactions you can
Bill payments
Interbank transfer

perform are: (GIRO)

Page 45

CURRENT

ACCOUNT

A current account (CA)

is a deposit account that

can be used for either

personal or business

purposes.

A CA allows you to use

cheques to make

payments.

Cheque payments cCahsehqudeepaonsidt
Aencqcuoiurnest


Withdrawal Fund transfers
Bill payments
within the same


banking

institution

Interbank
Online banking
transfers

(GIRO)