Marketability of Muadzam Shah Polytechnic (PMS) Graduates: Comparative Study of Graduates From 2020 To 2022 Diploma In Printing Media Technology, Department of Visual Communication Design Fatin Nabihah binti Saari, Nurul Fadzillah binti Abdul Wahab Politeknik Muadzam Shah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, 26700 Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Correspondence email: [email protected] Competition in the job market among graduates of higher education institutes (HEIs) is a commonly heard issue in Malaysia. This issue became more complicated when our country was hit by COVID-19 pandemic which made the country's economic performance become moderate and caused the need for manpower to become limited. This study is to identify comparison of the marketability of graduates of the Print Media Technology Diploma (DMC), Department of Visual Communication Design (JKRV), Muadzam Shah Polytechnic (PMS) from year 2020 to 2022, to identify the marketability of graduates working in the field and to identify the marketability of graduates within period of three up to five years after graduation. Qualitative methods have been used in this study with data obtained from the Portal 1L5G graduate information data collection system where the data taken are DMC, JRKV, PMS graduates who have completed their studies from 2020 to 2022. The results of the study found that the marketability rate of these graduates showed an increase from the year 2020 to 2022. Overall, the employability of DMC, PMS graduates shows a good percentage. Therefore, there is still room to be improved through career programs and industry experience to ensure the performance of the graduate employability rate remains good and increases. Keywords: Marketability, Diploma in Printing Media Technology, Pandemic 47
Ergonomic Intervention Framework For Practical Work at TVET Higher Education Institutions Khairul Fahzan Salleh The term "framework" is frequently used when deciding the direction of a system, particularly when discussing the creation of changes. Ergonomic intervention frameworks can be characterized as a set of instructions for executing an ergonomic intervention in a certain domain. The authors of this paper recommend taking steps to reduce ergonomic risks, beginning with identifying, analyzing, and assessing ergonomic risks. This is in line with HIRARC's implementation. Furthermore, through ergonomic intervention programming, researchers have identified three primary domains as a control measure for ergonomic HIRARC. Physical ergonomics, institutional ergonomics, and cognitive ergonomics are all used to assure the effectiveness of the ergonomic intervention framework. The viewpoints of experts and informants in the field were incorporated throughout the study process. Finally, the conclusion is that this framework is a dynamic and all-encompassing ideal framework that can be readily constructed and implemented independently. Keywords: Ergonomics, Intervention, HIRARC, TVET 48
Project-Based Learning Among Design and Technology Teacher Trainees: A Preliminary Study Aede Hatib Musta’amal1 *, Arman Md Said2 , Nor Amirah Mahmud Zuhdi3 , Norzanah Rosmin4 , 1 School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia 3 School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 4 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] Project-based learning (PjBL) is one of the teaching methods applied in the subject of Design and Technology (D&T). This method is seen to be able to help students to cultivate creative and critical thinking skills through project-based problem solving activities. This is in line with the aim of D&T course offerings, which include providing students with the knowledge and skills to generate ideas to produce new products as well as becoming designers who cultivate critical, creative and innovative thinking. Thus, this study aims to identify the readiness of prospective teachers in implementing the PBP method for RBT subjects based on aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The research design of this study is a quantitative which using survey as its data collection approach. The study population consisted of students for a Bachelor of Technology with Education program at one of the teacher education training institutions in Malaysia. The study samples consisted of 68 respondents among fourth year student from an academic program who were trained to teach D&T at the school level. A set of questionnaires has been developed and used as a research instrument in which it consists of 36 items using a Likert-type scale to obtain feedback from respondents. Instrument items include three main constructs which are the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the teacher trainees. The reliability value of the research instrument is α = 0.953. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPPS) software version 26.0. Overall, the findings of the study found that the readiness of the teacher trainees in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in applying PjBL is at a high level. Keywords: Project Based Learning; Teacher Trainee ; Design And Technology 49
EFL Students' Perceptions of Online Assessment Tool in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions Anis Shazwani Bt Saringat, Linggesh Dharani Thilagam a/p Dhanalaraj, Huang Yuxi, and Ren Keyi Correspondence email: [email protected] As a new method of assessing students’ learning, online assessment is playing an increasingly important role in the transformation of higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore EFL students’ perceptions of online assessment tools in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived risk of cheating, and perceived self-efficacy in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. It also aimed to identify the different kinds online assessment tools used in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. This study used a quantitative approach and a Google Form questionnaire was administered to 91 EFL postgraduate students (63 females and 28 males) from a higher education institution in Malaysia. The results showed that EFL students believed that using online assessment tools positively impacted students’ learning. Despite the risk of cheating, it showed flexibility and could make students more confident in doing online assessment. These results also had practical implications for educators and institutions, suggested that they could design intervention strategies to reduce cheating in online assessment. The present study helps increase the awareness of the positives and negatives of English online assessment in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. Keywords: online assessment tools, perceived usefulness, perceived risk of cheating, perceived self-efficacy 50
Student’s Perception Towards Services Quality of Zakat Distribution Nor Linda Binti Mokhtar1 1 Commerce Department, Polytechnic Ungku Omar, Ipoh, Perak Correspondence email: [email protected] The distribution of zakat in Malaysia should be able to reduce poverty in society and help zakat recipients in fulfilling their needs. The study is to know about student’s perception towards services quality of zakat distribution. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of student’s perception towards services quality of zakat distribution and to determine the relationship between tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy towards student’s perception on zakat distribution. A student’s survey questionnaire was utilized as the primary research instrument for this study. The questionnaire for this study consisted of 35 items in three parts that were Part A, Part B and Part C by using the 5 likert scale. This study involved students in all department at Polytechnic Ungku Omar (PUO) which are from 3rd to 5th semester who receiving zakat in session December 2020 until June 2023. Descriptive analysis for 255 respondents was obtained from questionnaire based on mean of the main research variables. The overall mean of students perception is 4.2840, tangibles is 4.0980, reliability is 4.3080, responsiveness is 4.2100, assurance is 4.2820 and empathy is 4.3040. The study shows that medium relationships among responsiveness, reliability, assurance and students perception towards services quality of zakat distribution. Therefore, the institution should improve all service quality to gain stronger relationship such as by sending staff to attend courses to be more open in solving problems, training staff to have more skills and be prepared to face the zakat contestants, provide classes and instructors for new staff to be more vulnerable knowledge related to zakat. Thus, students will feel trust and relying solely on the institution. Lastly, the researchers need to expand the number of respondents in order to know more results about zakat perception among students and including more institutions. Keywords: Student’s Perception, Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Zakat. 51
Automatic Water Exchanging System Siti Nor Fatihah1 , Cheng-Ann Chen2 1 Department of Agrotechnology and Bio Industry, Politeknik Jeli Kelantan Jalan Raya Timur Barat 17600 Jeli, Kelantan 2 Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Correspondence email: [email protected] This present study showed an automatic water exchange system designed for a freshwater aquarium. The automatic water exchanging system was developed to improve the aquarist’s work. Replacement of water in an aquarium is one of the basic maintenance activities and should be performed regularly. In case the process of pouring in and out of the water itself requires a lot of time and strength from the aquarist, the automation of this operation is proposed. The developed automatic water exchanging system is only consists a basic system to exchange water, which is contain two water pumps to exchange the water by replacing the old water with new one. This system was controlled by IOT with the help of relay module. The relay module can help us to command the system by using ESP8266 (WiFi module) to receive our commands from an application with the assist by WiFi. Other components like power adapter, water pump and water tube are helping us to complete this system to a complete functional system. The volume of water increases linearly with time duration, with a rate of 3.5 litres per minute. This implies that the amount of water used increases at a constant rate over time. The linear relationship between time and water volume was explained by the fact of water flows at a constant rate through the water tube. This system can automatically replace a portion of the aquarium water with fresh water on a regular basis, reducing the build-up of harmful pollutants and maintaining a healthy environment for aquatic life. As a conclusion, an automatic water exchanging system is an efficient and effective method for ensuring the health and longevity of aquarium inhabitants. Keywords: Automatic Water Exchange, Aquarium, Andriod System 52
Graduates’ Assessment of Program Educational Objectives for Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) Nor Hanani Mohd Yusoff1 , Ikmal Hisyam Mohamad Paris2 1 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Politeknik Ungku Omar 2 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Politeknik Ungku Omar Correspondence email: [email protected] The Program Educational Objectives (PEO) is a broad statement that explains the career and professional achievements that graduates should attain after completing their studies within a period of three to five years. This study on the achievement of Program Educational Objectives (PEO) is conducted to obtain graduates' perceptions regarding the knowledge and skills applied in the workplace based on the PEO statements. This study is crucial because graduates are one of the stakeholders entitled to acquire knowledge, technical skills, and soft skills that add value to a student while pursuing their study at Ungku Omar Polytechnic. The achievement of these PEOs is studied based on five PEOs for the Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) at Ungku Omar Polytechnic. This study analyzes the overall achievement of the PEO, which includes discussions about the demographic profile of the respondents and findings from descriptive analysis. The instrument used in this study is a set of questionnaires developed with reference to the Program Educational Objectives (PEO) Achievement Study Implementation Guidelines 2021 issued by the Curriculum Division, Department of Polytechnic and Community College Education, Ministry of Higher Education. The respondents for this study are graduates who completed their studies in June and December 2018. Out of 205 graduates, a total of 170 graduates have responded to the questionnaires. The questionnaires are distributed through academic advisors. Results from the study show that all research objectives were achieved, with the level of achievement of Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) being generally high. However, it is recommended that improvements be made to PEO 4, which received the lowest min score. This pertains to the statement that graduates possess potential and skills in entrepreneurship. Keywords : Programme Educational Objectives, Digital Technology, graduates 53
Lecturers' Perceptions and Expectations Towards Learning Skills And Innovations of 4C's of 21st Century Skills Amutha A/P Gopal Villoo @ Venugopal Head Of Dept. Information Technology, Temerloh Community College Educational institutions have an equally challenging task anticipating which classes and skills they should teach to help their students land well-paying jobs when they graduate. In Conjunction with that, investigating teachers’ perceptions of the learning environment gives insight in the extent to which the educational design has been successfully implemented and continue to succeed throughout their careers. Nonetheless, the Ministry recognizes through Community Colleges as Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) provider in Malaysia aim to provides training and skill requirements at all levels whereby students will be trained, ‘re-skilled’ or ‘up-skilled’, leading to the award of certificate qualification before entering the labour market or continuing their education to a higher level. However, a few responses from Head department depicts that the perception and expectation of learning skills and innovation is moderate level. Besides that, perception and expectation are two different things not merely an easy thing to achieve in the 21st century of era where by focuses learning skills and innovation. Thus, the research is conducted to identify the knowledge level of Four C's (4C), communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creative thinking and to investigate the most dominant factors contributing to perception and expectation of learning skills and innovation. Descriptive analysis with quantitative approach was used to collect data with sample 35 lectures at Temerloh Community College and collected data analysed using SPSS version 21. Besides that, some industries feedback on curriculum needs to be adapted to the technological trends in the industry. Thus, future research is empirically to investigate using different set of samples or expanding the samples include higher number of respondents Community College at Malaysia. The significant of research to comply the curriculum standard equal to trends of industry and develop teaching and learning based on current educational concepts and practices in line with the needs of 21st Century Skills contributing labour market as Community College as TVET provider. Keywords: Learning Skills & Innovation, 4C’s, Perception & Expectation 54
Does The Program Learning Outcome (PLO) For Diploma in Agrotechnology and Diploma in Aquaculture Have an Impact Towards Sustainable TVET through Graduates' Employability? A Case Study at Polytechnic of Sandakan Sabah Hazza Roshada Ramli1 , Nurul Safeza Abdul Hajis1 , Mohd Syafiq Masduqi Mohd Zainudin2 , Imran Affandi Baki1 1 Politeknik Sandakan Sabah, Education Hub 10, Jln Sg Batang, 90000, Sandakan, Sabah 2 Politeknik Jeli Kelantan, Jalan Raya Timur-Barat, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan Correspondence email: [email protected] Sustainable Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) emphasises the significance of acquiring the skills required for inclusive and sustainable economies. The TVET programmes offered at the Polytechnic of Sandakan, Sabah, include diplomas in agrotechnology and aquaculture fields, which are important fields that are needed to improve food security. The field of aquaculture involves the breeding and harvesting of fish, shellfish, and other aquatic life. While the field of agrotechnology involves the field of agricultural technology to meet the demands of agriculture national policies. Programme Learning Outcome (PLO) aims to produce professionals who have the professional skills and competencies required for both fields in the job market. Based on this approach, a research question was outlined as follows: Is there a difference between the marketability of graduates based on knowledge, problem-solving skills, soft skills, and entrepreneurial skills? In order to determine the impact of PLO for both fields towards sustainable TVET through graduates’ employability to produce competitive TVET graduates for inclusive and sustainable economies, a set of questionnaires was prepared. The medium for collecting the responses is an online questionnaire involving graduate students from Polytechnic Sandakan Sabah. The survey was divided into demographic data and eight PLO from the graduate’s perspective and was analysed using descriptive analysis. The results indicate that upon graduation, all 8 PLOs were successfully achieved with high and extremely high scores within both diploma programmes (agrotechnology and aquaculture). Overall, the PLO’s content for the diploma programme is found to be effective in strengthening the programme’s relevance to the industry and amplifying the graduates’ employability towards TVET sustainability. 55
The Effectiveness of Virtual Gallery Walk (VR-InToWeb) in Web Design Technology Course at Politeknik Balik Pulau Wan Haniza binti Wan Hassim1 , Nurhani binti Mohd Sabri2 , Liyana binti Mat Rani3 , 1 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Politeknik Balik Pulau, Pinang Nirai, Mukim 6, 11000 Balik Pulau, Pulau Pinang. 2 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Politeknik Balik Pulau, Pinang Nirai, Mukim 6, 11000 Balik Pulau, Pulau Pinang. 3 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Polytechnic of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, KM 08, Jalan Paka, 23000 Kuala Dungun, Terengganu Purpose: The Web Design Technology course is a specialization course taken by students of Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) at Polytechnic Malaysia. Topic 1 of this course is theoretical learning related to Introduction to the Web Environment, which is usually explained through presentation slides. This method is unattractive, lacks technology integration, and does not follow the latest trends, causing the teaching and learning (TnL) process to receive less interest and attention from students. This learning method also ignores the need for personalization in learning, causing isolation and preventing maximizing the potential of each student. Therefore, an application called Virtual Reality for Introduction to Web Design (VR-InToWeb) was developed using several digital applications, such as Powtoon and Canva, which were then displayed through the Artstep 3D platform. This application features learning material through 3D objects, animation, audio and video. The main objective of this application is to create interesting teaching and learning (TnL) tool and personalization by allowing students to choose learning topics at their own pace. Method: This study employed a quantitative research approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary method for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed to 33 students through the use of a Google Form. Results: In general, the results of the study indicate that all of respondents gave positive feedback. Based on the findings, it is found that the interpretation of mean scores for all positive statements were high and moderately high while the interpretation of mean score for negative statement was low. Conclusions: In conclusion, based on the statements of the items in the questionnaire, the findings and data analysis at the same time proved that Virtual Gallery Walk (VR-InToWeb) is suitable to be used as teaching and learning (TnL) tool in Politeknik Balik Pulau. Keywords: Artstep 3D platform, Web Environment and Virtual Gallery Walk 56
Smart System Gas Detector Mohd Khairi Bin Kamarudin Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh KM 1 Jalan Panchor, 84600 Pagoh, Johor Correspondence email: [email protected] The "Smart System Gas Detector" project aims to enhance safety and environmental monitoring by developing an innovative gas detection system. This intelligent system combines advanced sensor technology with real-time data analysis and remote connectivity to accurately identify and alert users to the presence of hazardous gases in various environments. Its key objectives include providing early warning, reducing response times during gas leaks, and enabling data-driven decision-making for improved safety and resource allocation. The project aspires to make gas detection more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible, ultimately safeguarding lives, property, and the environment. The Smart System Gas Detector is an innovative solution designed to enhance gas monitoring and safety in various environments. This method abstract outlines the core approach employed in this project. Utilizing advanced sensor technology, data fusion techniques, and machine learning algorithms, the system continuously collects and analyzes data from multiple gas sensors. It then employs real-time data processing to detect and identify gas leaks, abnormal gas concentrations, or potential hazards. The system's intelligence is further bolstered by its ability to adapt and optimize detection thresholds based on historical data and environmental conditions, thereby reducing false alarms and enhancing overall accuracy. Additionally, it offers remote monitoring and alerting capabilities through a user-friendly interface, allowing users to access critical information and take timely actions. The Smart System Gas Detector represents a cuttingedge solution to improve gas safety, offering a proactive and intelligent approach to gas detection and management. The Smart System Gas Detector is a cutting-edge solution designed to enhance safety and efficiency in various industries. Through advanced sensor technology and real-time data analysis, it offers accurate gas detection and immediate alerts, minimizing risks and ensuring prompt response to potential hazards. This project demonstrates its effectiveness in safeguarding workplaces and the environment, showcasing its potential to revolutionize gas monitoring systems. In conclusion, The Smart System Gas Detector represents a significant advancement in gas safety technology, offering reliable and proactive gas leak detection capabilities. Its integration with IoT devices ensures timely notifications, enhancing safety in both residential and industrial settings. 57
Educational Organizational Management System (EOMS) Transition: Is TVET Education Ready for Change?" Nur Margfirah Nordin1,*, Nur Farahin Mispul1 , and Nurul Zakiah Kasnun2 1 Department of Mathematics, Science and Computer, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Selangor. 1 Quality Assurance Management Unit, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Selangor. 2 Department of Information Technology and Communication, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Selangor Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: Quality assurance in educational institutions plays a crucial role in ensuring that service delivery processes meet the needs and requirements of stakeholders. The ISO 21001 - Educational Organizations Management System (EOMS) standard was introduced in 2018 specifically for implementation in educational institutions. Previously, the ISO 9001:2015 - Quality Management System (QMS) standard was used by all organizations, but educational institutions are now transitioning to ISO 21001, which is more tailored to their needs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the current practices (ISO certification) in quality assurance across all Malaysian polytechnics. Furthermore, it aims to assess the awareness and readiness of Malaysian Polytechnics towards EOMS. Method: This study employs a quantitative research approach, involving the distribution of questionnaires to staff at Malaysian Polytechnics. Results: The study identifies current quality assurance practices at Malaysian Polytechnics and assesses institutions' readiness for ISO 21001 implementation. Conclusions: This research significantly contributes to enhancing quality assurance practices at Malaysian Polytechnics. It offers valuable insights into tailoring training and expertise delivery for a successful transition to EOMS, leveraging the research findings. Keywords: Educational Organizations Management System, ISO 21001, Quality Management System, ISO 9001, Quality Assurance, TVET 58
Industry Impact Assessment Study of The Collaboration NBOS-TVET Talent Development in Digital Technology-Modular Diploma under The 11th RMK (2016-2020) Nur Azreen Binti Hamidi1, Nor Anisah Binti Mohd Saad2 , Hamimah Binti Hj. Salleh3 1 Politeknik Muadzam Shah, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak, 26700 Muadzam Shah Pahang 2 Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh Perak 3 Politeknik Ungku Omar, Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400 Ipoh Perak Collaboration opportunities between the Department of Polytechnic Studies and Community Colleges (JPPKK) and industry provide opportunities to develop skills in education and lecturer training, form a generation of students, acquire and take knowledge of innovation and technology transfer as well as promote entrepreneurship (start-up). This industry collaboration is closely related to Study Program Development, Curriculum Development, Module Development, Lecturer Training and Student Digital Technology Skills Development. The most important terms of collaboration are industry-based curriculum development and module development. The Industry Impact Assessment Study of the collaboration NBOS-TVET Talent Development in Digital Technology-Modular Diploma under the 11th RMK (2016-2020) aims to deliver the results of the study on the outcome as outlined in the planning and implementation of the project. This study is a mixed-method study that involves both quantitative and qualitative methods. The advantage of this combined study can produce more comprehensive and ideal findings. The data collection method involves primary data and secondary data obtained from 16 institutions that implement the Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) (DDT) and Diploma in Digital Creative Technology (DCT) programs as well as the JPPKK headquarters. The collection of primary data through document analysis can provide information relevant to the issues and problems being studied. Meanwhile, the collection of secondary data is through working papers, meeting minutes, reporting and frameworks to strengthen the findings and prove the implementation of the program. Data findings show that for the DCT program, the number of industries that collaborated from 2017 to 2020 was as many as 7 industries involving an expenditure of RM 79,000.00. DDT program, the number of industries that collaborated in 2017 was as many as 6 industries involving an expenditure of RM30,000.00. DCT program, the number of industry experts who provide consultation in 2017 to 2020 is as many as 7 industries involving an expenditure of RM58,000.00. DDT program, Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC) has signed a Note Of Collaboration (NOC) in 2017 involving an expenditure of RM1,600.00. Creative Content City Guild (CCIG) has signed a Note Of Collaboration (NOU) involving an expenditure of RM800.00. The total expenditure allocation for the entire Evaluation Indicator for Industry Collaboration is as much as RM81,400.00 equivalent to 0.53% of the entire financial allocation of RM15.5 million. The total number of industries that have collaborated with the institution reached 63 industries. And the institution is expected to expand its collaboration network with more industries in order to empower industry-based curriculum development efforts. Keynote: Industry, curriculum, TVET 59
Trends, Challenges, and Innovations of APACC-Accredited TVET Institutions in Asia Pacific Based on the Established APACC Criteria G.L.D. Wickramasinghe1 , Kesavan Ulaganathen2 , Mian Khuram Ahsan3 , Paulo Anthony Mendoza4 1 President, Asia Pacific Accreditation and Certification Commission (APACC), Manila, Philippines 2 Governing Board-Engaged Faculty Consultant, Colombo Plan Staff College (CPSC) Manila, Philippines 3 Senior Faculty Specialist, Colombo Plan Staff College (CPSC), Manila, Philippines 4 Acting Research, Publications, and Information Division Officer, Colombo Plan Staff College (CPSC) Manila, Philippines Purpose: This paper ventures on how quality assurance through TVET accreditation works under the Asia Pacific Accreditation and Certification Commission (APACC), a international certification body in Asia Pacific established in 2004 to promote quality assurance within TVET institutions. It primarily aims to examine emerging trends, challenges, and innovations of APACC-accredited TVET institutions in Asia Pacific based on the currently established seven criteria of APACC. Method: This study involves a qualitative approach in finding general points of convergence on the seven criteria between the accredited-institutions based on the final evaluation reports during the onsite/online accreditation exercise as submitted by the designated APACC accreditation teams. Results: Upon examination of the 66 institutional evaluation reports from the accreditation exercises conducted from 2011 to 2023 from India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand, it can be noticed that generally, TVET institutions lack the most number of points under the Criterion 4: Research and Development, and Criterion 5: Image and Sustainability, while most points gained are under Criterion 3: Human Resources, and Criterion 2: Teaching and Learning. Criterion 1: Governance and Management, Criterion 6: Other Resources, and Criterion 7: Support to Students have average scores relatively similar to one another. Conclusion: In conclusion, the paper presented should allow for a clear recommendation where 21st century TVET institutions across developing countries in Asia Pacific should focus on developing, publication, utilization, and commercialization of research innovations, transformative leadership and governance, continuous adoption of digital technology in teaching and learning, and promotion of sustainable development in TVET curricula and campus management. 60
61 Enhancing Youth Participation in TVET Courses to Meet Labour Market Demands P. N. Gamage1 , H. M. A. D. K. Herath2 , I. Kaluarachchige3 and A. Hewapathirana4 1 Professor in Human Resource Management, Chairperson of Standing Committee on National HR Data Hub with Research and Development Capabilities, CIPM 2 Deputy Director, Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission Sri Lanka, Member of Standing Committee on National HR Data Hub with Research and Development Capabilities, CIPM The National Vocational Qualification Framework (NVQF) of Sri Lanka was introduced in 2004 and has since made significant progress in the development and establishment of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector. However, the social recognition of the TVET system and its functions among Sri Lankan youth remains inadequate. This survey seeks to address this issue by exploring the integration of labour market demands with a skilled workforce within the TVET system. The research findings aim to establish formalized TVET qualifications that align with the needs of the labour market. By implementing recommendations in this survey it is anticipated that the perception of vocational education will change, leading to increased recognition and acceptance of vocational occupations The study emphasizes the importance of integrating labour market requirements with the TVET system to ensure a well-equipped and skilled workforce, with a specific focus on engaging Sri Lankan youth. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of enhancing the recognition of vocational education and provides actionable recommendations to bridge the existing gap. The findings and recommendations presented in this paper can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders involved in promoting and developing vocational education in Sri Lanka and beyond. Keywords: Labour Market, NVQFSL, TVET, Workforce, Qualifications, youth
62 Outcome-Based Education Programmes through Project-Based Learning B. L. Gupta1 ,* 1 National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Bhopal, India Outcome-based education philosophy is implemented in the technical and vocational education systems of India. Implementation of outcome-based education philosophy is mandatory for obtaining accreditation of technical education programmes since 2013. The Government of India declared the National Education Policy 2020 which is the first education policy for the 21st century having its roots in ancient Indian culture and education system and aspire to achieve quality and excellence relevant to the society in present and future context. The policy incorporated a wide spectrum of reforms in the education system with a focus on imaginative curriculum, engaging pedagogy, formative assessment, and support services to students. Research, use of information communication technology, flexibility in a course offering, credit transfer, entrepreneurship, incubation, vocationalization and services to society are integral components of higher education. The aspirations of policymakers may be achieved using a project-based learning approach in offering educational programmes. The paper is based on a research study conducted during the year 2020-21 in India. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the current status of the use of project-based learning in technical education. The current status of project-based learning is ascertained on training of project mentors, participation of students, guideline document, use of monitoring schedule, orientation of students, selection of projects, encouragement to publish the papers, file patents, and participation in project competitions, use of previous project reports, allocation of industrial and laboratory problems to students, weightage given to assessment tools such as paper and pencil, checklist, rating scale, observation sheet, viva voice, weightage given to assessment techniques such as project title, proposal, project method, diary maintenance, project output, presentation of project report and analysis of students’ project work. Keywords: Outcome-based education, project-based learning, national education policy 2020, associated skills, peripheral skills, core skills.
63 Kajian Keberkesanan Traverse Simulator Board dan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Wan Mohd Hakimin Bin Wan Shafie Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk menguji keberkesanan alat bantu mengajar (ABM) Traverse Simulator Board bagi meningkatkan pemahaman pelajar dalam subjek DCC20063 Engineering Survey topik 4 Traverse Survey & Total Station. Kajian telah dijalankan di Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Dungun Terengganu. Kajian keberkesanan ini telah melibatkan 42 orang pelajar dari Seksyen DKA2A dan DKA2C. Seramai 20 orang pelajar dari DKA2A telah dipilih untuk mewakili kumpulan eksperimen manakala 22 orang pelajar dari DKA2C mewakili kumpulan kawalan. Dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlangsung, pelajar dari seksyen DKA2A telah dibekalkan dengan Traverse Simlulator Board manakala pelajar dari seksyen DKA2C menggunakan kaedah konvensional iaitu penerangan dari pensyarah dan papanputih. Data dikumpulkan melalui borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada pelajar. Kaedah kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, pengunaan Traverse Survey Board dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar dalam topik ukur terabas. Keywords: Traverse, Terabas, Simulasi, Alat Bantu Mengajar
64 Evaluating User Experience (UX) on CIDOS as elearning platform of Politeknik Muadzam Shah Using User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) Safiani Osman1 , Asyran Zarizi Abdullah2 1 Department of Design and Visual Communication, Politeknik Muadzam Shah 2 Department of Information and Communication, Politeknik Muadzam Shah This study investigate user experience (UX) of the e-learning platform of Politeknik Muadzam Shah known as CIDOS LMS PMS from the lecturers and student’s perspective. User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) was used as research instrument to evaluate and quantify the UX of LMS. This study provides a comparison through a user experience questionnaire (UEQ) which has six aspects of assessment including attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability to pragmatic quality as well as stimulation and novelty to hedonic quality. Data was collected from 123 respondents from the institution. Generally, from the perspective of students and lecturers, CIDOS LMS PMS has provided a positive user experience for them. The result show that all the scale measured has a positive evaluation where the mean for attractiveness is 1.57, pragmatic quality mean recorded as 1.59 and the hedonic quality resulted 1.29. However, the dependability scale was assessed below average where the mean is 1.14. This needs to be considered to improve the UX of e-learning systems and to derive more benefits from a good user experience (UX) e-learning system. Keywords: User Experience (UX) Learning Management System Moodle UEQ Questionnaire
65 A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LEVERAGING UTMOST SOCIAL MEDIA FOR COLLABORATIVE LEARNING. DOES THAT INCREASE TVET STUDENT PERFORMANCE? Nurul Dafiqah Kamarulzaman1 , Dr. Rosmanizah binti Derahman2 , Zuliya Aini binti Ahmad Tarmizi3 1,3 Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, 45100, Sungai Air Tawar, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Commerce, Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, 45100, Sungai Air Tawar, Selangor, Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] With the advancement of technology, social media is increasingly being used to deliver learning activities. Tertiary students have a new means to socialize, communicate, and interact with others through social media in educational institutions' learning processes. Therefore, changing the teaching lifestyle is critical for assisting students in achieving strong academic success while adapting to technology. This study examines the relationship between using social media and academic achievement through collaborative learning. In the context of this study, social media platforms refer to the utmost social networks used by Malaysians, including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and YouTube as reported in the Digital 2023 Global Overview Report. This study emphasized quantitative research methodology. An online survey and a self-administered questionnaire with 31 items adopted from a previous study were used to collect data. 62 tertiary students from The Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Polytechnic Sultan Idris Shah have completed the survey forms via purposive and snowball sampling methods. In this case, the sample criteria were defined as a Polytechnic Sultan Idris Shah student who had experience using social media as a learning tool. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) performed descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the partial least squares (PLS) approach was used for model validation and structural model. The findings revealed that interactivity with peers (INP), interactivity with lecturers (INL), and engagement (ENG) have a significant relationship with collaborative learning (COL). Collaborative learning is a significant predictor of academic performance (PER) and mediates the relationship between interactivity with peers (INP), interactivity with lecturers (INL), and engagement (ENG). This study gave distinctive and interesting perspectives on the relationship between social media and academic performance which can assist students and educational institutions in their use of social media for learning objectives through collaborative learning. Keywords: social media, collaborative learning, academic performance, TVET institutions, teaching and learning.
66 The Automotive Case-Based Simulation Apps: Evidence from Curriculum Key-Players’ and Industries’ Nurulwahida Azid 1 *, Abdul Hamid Busthami Nur 2 , Ruzlan Md-Ali 3 , Zaharah Che Isa 4 , Yee Mei Heong5 and Tee Tze Kiong6 1Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; [email protected] 2Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; [email protected] 3Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; [email protected] 4Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia; [email protected] 5Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia; [email protected] 6 Institute of Excellent Teachers and Leaders in Education, Excellent Digital Curriculum: TVET Future Learning Consortium, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia; [email protected] *Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: TVET in Malaysia is geared towards providing quality education, training and resources but it still needs to be strengthened and reformed towards producing a more quality and skilled workforce. This study aimed to procure feedback from TVET curriculum key-players’ (automotive) on the integration of automotive case-based simulation (CBS) as TVET future learning strategies. Method: Collective case-study research design was used with purposive sampling design which involved five automotive curriculum key-players in vocational college and 16 automotive industries as study respondents. A set of questionnaires and interview protocols were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to obtain an average measure agreement among raters. ATLAS.ti version 9 software was also used through thematic analysis to produce four ATLAS.ti models. ATLAS.ti version 9 software was also used through thematic analysis to produce four ATLAS.ti. models. Results: The ICC showed high values of agreement for the process criteria and structure of the automotive casebased simulation. Four themes emerged, namely (i) impact on curriculum developer, (ii) impact on curriculum implementer, and (iii) suggestion for apps improvement and (iv) Automotive CBS contribute to automotive industry needs. The collation of quantitative and qualitative data showed the alignment between curriculum key-players and industries against the automotive case-based simulation. Meanwhile, all of the curriculum key-players agreed that CBS fulfilled its requirements as a tool to enrich TVET students’ marketability skills. This data is also supported by automotive industries’ perspective which believed that using CBS will prepare TVET students’ readiness to the workplace. Conclusion: Notably, the construction of automotive case-based simulation provides an opportunity for vocational college to stimulate thinking and learning preferences among their students, in addition to being a learning tool for future TVET learning strategies that connect theory and practice in preparation for job training. Keywords: Automotive case-based simulation; curriculum key-players; industries; learning preferences vocational college students; digital curriculum; thinking skills
67 Career Interests Exploration of Quantity Surveying Students Nurulaini Hafizah Mohd Hafir1 , Nurul Aqilah Ibrahim1 1 Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah, Behrang Stesyen, 35950 Behrang, Perak Correspondence email: [email protected], [email protected] Purpose: Career is one important aspect that needs to be taken heavily as early as possible. This is part of students' planning steps in determining their future path, especially on their academic route and consequently on their career path. In higher education, specifically in Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS), every new student will need to perform a Sidek’s Career Interest Inventory assessment during Minggu Transformasi Siswa (MTS) i.e., induction week. The assessment is part of the Modul Inspirasi Diri (MInD) under the Academic Advisory System, Department of Polytechnic and Community College Education, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia to guide students towards excellent achievement. However, there was no other subsequent study made afterwards. Thus, it is not known whether the students’ career interests will change or not after they pursue their studies. This study aims to identify if there are any changes to the student’s career interests after a year of study for the Diploma in Quantity Surveying (QS) in PSAS. Method: This is a quantitative study that adopted Sidek’s Career Interest Inventory assessment in determining students’ career interest and changes in their career interest if any. Participants are 30 students from the QS programme Session I: 2022/2023 intake. The first assessment was conducted during the MTS and the second assessment was conducted after the students completed their second semester’s final exam. Data on students’ academic achievement in the two semesters were also collected to identify whether there is any interplay between career interest and their academic achievement. Results: The result indicated that there are no significant changes in their career interest and academic achievement. Since the QS profession is under the Realistic (R) type, among students’ three dominant personality traits, R is part of the cluster for 67% of the students on their first assessment and 60% on the second assessment. Conclusions: Further study might be needed in tracing these students’ career interests and academic achievement throughout their diploma study as this might help the institution in looking for ways to help students to not just excel in their studies but also their career. Keywords: Career Interest, Academic Achievement, Career Interest Inventory
68 The Effectiveness of the Integrated Programmable Logic Controller with Human Machine Interface Trainer for the Programmable Logic Controller & Automation in Teaching and Learning Noor Ropidah Bujal1 , Nor Syuhada Binti Ayob2 , Mohd Adib bin Zakaria3 1 Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: Training kits as teaching aids (TAs) in teaching and learning sessions are widely used to increase students understanding of related topics. A well-designed TA can aid in enhancing students' performance by increasing their comprehension and capturing their interest. However, the existing training kits for the PLC and Automation course in POLISAS do not provide a platform for hands-on practice of PLC with HMI instruction sets. Therefore, a training kit or trainer named the Integrated Programmable Logic Controller with Human Machine Interface (iPH) has been developed to assist students in gaining a deeper understanding of the fundamental topics of PLC and automation as well as HMI instruction sets. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain the level of effectiveness of using the iPH Trainer in enhancing the understanding of students enrolled in the PLC and Automation course (DEJ40033) at POLISAS. Method: To evaluate the effectiveness of the trainer in terms of motivation, trainer design, user understanding, and comfort, a quantitative survey study was conducted using a questionnaire. The research instrument consisted of a set of 17 items distributed to 48 respondents. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) 22.0 software were used to analyze the obtained data. Results: Based on the results of the conducted analysis, it shows that the percentages, frequencies, and means for each of the four evaluated factors were all found to be high, ranging from 3.92 to 3.98. This demonstrates that the i-PH Trainer effectively enhances student motivation, facilitates practical implementation, and improves students' understanding of fundamental concepts in PLC and automation with HMI instruction sets. Conclusions: Aside from that, the development of this trainer is significant and enables the nurturing of highly skilled students in accordance with the sustainable development of Technical and vocational Education and Training (TVET). Keywords: PLC Training Kit, Programmable Logic Controller, Human Machine Interface, Effectiveness
69 The Impact of Housing Price Towards Family Financial Risk Among Government Employees in Sarawak Siti Zaleha binti Idris1 , Nurzaihan bin Ismawi2 1 Politeknik Mukah, Commerce Department, K.M7.5 Jalan Oya, 96400 Mukah, Sarawak 2 Politeknik Mukah, Department of Information, Communication and Technology, K.M7.5 Jalan Oya, 96400 Mukah, Sarawak Correspondence email: [email protected], 2 [email protected] House prices that are expensive and continue to rise year after year become the agenda these days. This scenario brings up the question of whether the financial implications and risks arise only from the home purchase. This is because many people become bankrupt as a result of poor financial management and are in debt as a result of living a luxurious lifestyle, maintaining self-esteem, maintaining social relationships, or luxury purchases. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the provision of house payments of financial risk concerns among government employees; and to evaluate the planning of government servants in reducing the financial risk after buying a house. The study focuses on house prices as an independent variable, while the dependent variable consists of, debt risk, social risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. The method of data collection is through the distribution of questionnaires using “Google Form” and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software. A pilot study conducted on 30 samples of government servant in Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak shows the Cronbach’s alpha value are within the range of 0.726 to 0.846 which is above the acceptable value of 0.70. Thus, to proceed with the actual data collection from population of government staff in Polytechnic Mukah, Sarawak. This study will be using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, normality analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation coefficient in analyzing the data collected from the respondent. The result expected to has negative significant relationship between the house prices with the financial risk which are debt risk, social risk, liquidity risk, and operational risk. Meanwhile, majority of the respondents are expected to learn financial management matters as a planning in reducing the financial risk after buying a house. The study suggested the government agencies to actively educate the government employees related to the financial risk management. Keywords: House prices, financial implications, financial risk, government servants
70 Exploring Latent Topics in TVET using LDA Topic Modeling Nur Hafazah Sharin, Mira Kartiwi Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia *Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the latent themes shared by the public in Facebook posts on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling approach. Method: In this study, baseline Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was used to uncover the hidden topics in the collected TVET dataset. In the range of April 2021 to March 2023, 1,304 TVET-related posts were collected from Facebook pages and public groups. Several processes are performed, including data preparation and pre-processing, feature extraction, topic modeling and visualisation. The Python programming language was used for the study, with packages called re, Gensim, spacy, matplotlib, numpy, pandas and pyLDAvis. Results: The analysis revealed eight (8) topics which can be grouped into the following categories: skills/competencies, certification, salary/wage, intake/admission, employer’s perspective, stigma, courses and industry participation. Conclusions: From this study, it can be concluded that TVET-related data on Facebook can be analysed and modelled to provide useful information. Therefore, the extracted topics can serve as a guide for relevant stakeholders to consider public opinion on social media platforms when developing recommendations, strategies and policies.
71 Determinants of Fair Compensation for Management Interns Yenwan Chong School of Business Management Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 Sintok Kedah Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: In July 2023, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim announced that government-linked companies in Malaysia will pay interns a minimum monthly allowance of RM800. On the hand, there are currently no government policy nor regulations on whether interns in the private sector in Malaysia should be paid and if so by how much. While there were many reports in the media on the pros and cons of mandatory payment to interns in Malaysia, local academic consideration has been scarce. As such and in view of the importance of a plurality of stakeholder perspectives, this study investigates what constitutes fair payment from the view of prospective student interns who is an important stakeholder group in the paid or unpaid internship debate in Malaysia. Method: Primary data was collected using a semi-structured survey questionnaire containing closed and open ended questions. The data for this study was obtained from a sample of ninety senior undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia who are required to undergo compulsory practicum training soon in order to graduate. In this research, content analysis is employed to make sense of the textual data obtained from the open ended question items in the questionnaire. Results: The quantum that students consider as an appropriate amount for industrial or practicum allowance ranges from RM500 to RM2000. The respondents highlighted a multitude of factors that should be considered in order to determine the amount of allowance to be paid to practicum students. Among the most commonly cited factors include learning opportunities provided to interns, quality of mentors at host organizations, interns’ workload, interns’ living expenses, inflation, future job opportunities, length of practicum, organizational capacity to pay allowances to interns, non-monetary benefits offered by host company such as accommodation and transport, prevailing market rates and industry practices in hiring interns, related laws such as minimum wage regulations as well as university guidelines on industrial training and so on. These factors can be grouped into five themes namely career development opportunities, intern job characteristics, host company characteristics, interns’ characteristics, cost of living and other issues. Conclusions: Determination of just pay for workers, including the fair compensation for interns, is complex. The fair compensation as perceived by respondents in this study ranges from the low end which represents an amount deemed sufficient to cover the living expenses of interns to the high end which respondents’ deemed is equitable when compared with other employees in the interns’ host organizations. This study has highlighted a number of factors that should be taken into account to determine the fair compensation for interns. Striking a balance between competing factors and different stakeholders’ interests is important for formulating effective internship programs to develop skilled human resources that are vital for a country’s balanced and sustainable development.
72 Facilitating Social Learning in Engineering Education at i-CATS University College: A Case Study Woan Wen Tan1 , Siti Syafinah Ahmad Hassan2 , Fabian Halley Pata Alban Dattu3 1,2,3i-CATS University College, Jalan Stampin Timur, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak Correspondence email: [email protected] Teaching electrical engineering subjects in higher education can be challenging for most engineering faculty educators, as it contains a high level of abstraction by nature. Hence, the objective of this paper is to carry out short-term experimental studies of the students in their first year of study in the Diploma in Electrical Engineering (Power) programme at iCATS University College using social learning strategies. The results show the implementation of the methodology applied is very effective in helping the students learn better, as their both internal and external engineering theory assessments have improved significantly.
73 Development of Innovation Mobile Learning MATSCE Apps in Teaching and Learning for Materials Science and Engineering Course Ros Saidatunnaziah Md Yusoff1 1 Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The purpose of this study is developing the innovation mobile learning MATSCE in teaching and learning method. Educational apps can help save time for both educators and students. For instance, they can automate administrative tasks like grading and tracking progress, allowing educators to focus more on teaching. Educational apps are often designed to be interactive and visually appealing. They can capture students' attention and motivate them to actively participate in the learning process. Some of researcher outcome showed that some educators have not yet embraced the use of mobile educational apps for teaching and learning in classrooms especially in third world countries. Effective use of technology in the classroom encourages students to be creative while learning new abilities and gives them access to cutting-edge knowledge. The availability of mobile learning as an android application can assist efforts to vary teaching and learning methods, which is more successful as a draw for students to be more engaged in engineering courses. Method: A questionnaire instrument that is given to students is employed in the quantitative research methodology. The questionnaire contains three constructs: student understanding the content, program design, and user-friendliness. There were 40 participants in the study. Results: The overall average mean score for this section which assesses students' understanding of the content included in the MATSCE App application, average mean score for this design attraction information and user friendliness is at a high level. Through the observation carried out, the researcher was able to conclude that the respondents were able to solve the training questions well after using the MATSCE App application, in fact they used this application as a reference before the teaching and learning process was carried out by the lecturer. Conclusions: The use of ICT technology in the teaching and learning process as well as the management and administration of Malaysian education is necessary because it can make information resources freely accessible whenever and wherever they are needed. The potential of the mobile apps can represent a means to obtain and/or to appeal to students’ interest, stimulating them to learn. Apps also can view, demonstrate, materialize, simulate and/or experiment with scientific phenomena. Educators can choose from a wide variety of educational apps to tailor their teaching methods to the specific needs and preferences of their students. This customization can lead to improved learning outcomes. Keywords: Self-regulated learning, mobile educational application, teaching and learning
74 Moral Justifications for Mandating Paid Internships Yenwan Chong School of Business Management Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 Sintok Kedah Malaysia. Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: In February 2023, Malaysia’s Youth and Sports Minister Hannah Yeoh suggested that then government would look into requiring mandatory payment of allowances to interns in the private sector. The minister’s proposal has drawn mixed reaction from various stakeholder groups. The Malaysian Employers Federation disagreed with the proposal citing concerns that the move will discourage companies from taking in interns particularly in the present weak economic environment. Some academics have also opined that payment to interns should be determined by free market forces and not the government. On the other hand, worker rights groups have argued that interns should be paid and given a reasonable allowance to at least cover living expenses. The issue of unpaid internship in the private sector is a long standing debate in many countries. This paper attempts to analyze the perceptions of prospective interns on unpaid internships in Malaysia using various moral theories. Method: Primary data was collected using a semi-structured survey questionnaire containing closed and open ended questions. The data for this study was obtained from a usable sample of ninety senior undergraduates who are required to undergo mandatory industrial training soon in order to graduate from various business courses undertaken in a public university in Malaysia. In this research, content analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data obtained from the open ended question items in the questionnaire. Results: When asked whether private sector companies should pay allowances to practicum students who are undergoing industrial training at their organizations, 52.2% of respondents strongly agreed, 45.6% of respondents agreed and 2.2% of respondents neither agreed nor disagreed with no respondents answering disagreed nor strongly disagreed. A variety of reasons were cited by respondents to justify their support for mandatory paid internships. Analysis of the multitude of justifications revealed four main emergent ethical themes namely justice and fairness, ethics of care, moral rights as well as utilitarianism. The most important moral principles that underlie respondents’ justifications for mandatory paid internships, are first and foremost justice and fairness, followed by moral rights, then ethics of care and lastly utilitarianism. Conclusions: This research examined the extent of support of Malaysian senior business undergraduates on the issue of mandating paid internships in the private sector. This study further analyzed the reasons cited by the respondents for mandatory paid internships through established ethical frameworks. The results of this research enrich the ethical debate on the morality or immorality of unpaid internships by providing insights from Malaysian millennials. Analyzing the discourse on unpaid internships using ethical lens provide new perspectives to contribute towards appropriate policies and guidelines on internship compensation and efficacy in Malaysia in support of skills development to drive Malaysia’s economic recovery and sustainable development in the post Covid-19 era. Keywords: unpaid internship, justice, moral rights, ethics of care, utilitarianism.
75 Empowering TVET Instructors: A TPACK Approach with Demographic Insights Munirah Dawi Saifuddin1,*, Hamidah M. Yunus1 , Abg Abd Malik Yusuf2 1 Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Sarawak 2 Kolej Vokasional Matang, Sarawak This conceptual paper explores the critical objective of enhancing the quality of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates to advance our nation's economy. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the pivotal role of TVET instructors, recognizing that their proficiency in teaching methodologies and specialized expertise is paramount. Additionally, it acknowledges the transformative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on TVET education, accelerating the imperative of incorporating technology. Utilizing the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework as the methodology, an in-depth analysis of TVET instructor knowledge is conducted. The framework enables the unraveling of the intricate integration of technology in TVET instruction. Key demographic factors, including gender, teaching experience, academic qualifications, and specialization fields, are investigated to comprehensively understand their collective influence on educators' TPACK proficiency. The results of the investigation reveal a complex interplay among these demographic factors. They do not operate in isolation but rather intertwine to shape educators' readiness to harness the power of technology in their instructional practices. This understanding allows stakeholders to formulate adaptable policies that empower TVET instructors to align their educational approaches with the evolving needs of industries. In conclusion, within the evolving landscape of education, TVET instructors are poised to take a leadership role in enriching discussions on technology integration and workforce empowerment. By leveraging the TPACK framework, instructors can shape exceptional learning experiences, thereby preparing students to confront the challenges posed by advancing technology. Ultimately, this paper underscores the indispensable role of TVET instructors in driving the quality and relevance of TVET education, in alignment with the Ministry of Higher Education's vision. Keywords: TVET, TPACK, Demographic factors
76 Community-based Training for Enterprise Development: A Strategic Approach for Empowering Indigenous Peoples Katrina Amore M. Vinarao TESDA Isabela School of Arts and Trades, Philippines The world is facing both a shortage and the mismanagement of natural resources, highlighting the importance of enlisting indigenous communities to safeguard and enhance our natural resources while simultaneously empowering and enhancing their quality of life. In addition, The indigenous communities frequently encounter marginalization and being underestimated by "civilized" societies. With the essential role of the government, The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) ,provide training, livelihood initiatives, and employment support to its stakeholders, particularly to the indigenous peoples. This study revolved around indigenous communities like the Agta, Dumagat and Ibanag, who have participated in training programs offered by TESDA. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research methods for its research approach. The study also has incorporated a gender-sensitive approach throughout its research methodology. Consequently, three-quarters of the indigenous people have effectively applied the training they received, leading to positive outcomes within their communities and yielding financial benefits. The identified training needs included Abaka planting, furniture making using Abaka and fishing using bow fisher. Additionally, other identified training needs encompass Organic Agriculture Production, Animal Production, and Food Processing. The study has identified a weakness in the availability of suitable trainers within the local area. To address this issue, a suggested approach is to adopt an areabased, demand-driven strategy to develop competencies that align with the training needs of the community. These initiatives aim to develop competencies tailored to meet the specific needs of the IP communities, all the while promoting the conservation of natural resources.
COMPILATION OF ABSTRACTS CLUSTER: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 77
Choose Tourism - Agricultural Products from A Sustainable Perspective in Viet Nam Đoàn Tuấn Phong1*, Bùi Văn Trịnh2 1 Ph.D., Ca Mau Community College (Ca Mau, Viet Nam) 2 Associate Professor., Ph.D., Mekong University (Vinh Long, Viet Nam) Correspondence email: [email protected] Agritourism began in the 1930s in European countries and began to spread and flourish in Asia in the 1980s. In Vietnam, with its geographical characteristics, there are abundant agricultural resources of a tropical country in Southeast Asia and the majority of human resources work in the agricultural field. Therefore, besides developing existing types of tourism such as forest tourism, sea tourism, ecotourism and cultural tourism... combining tourism with agriculture is a potential trend for Vietnam's tourism industry. It can be said that the combination of exploitation of natural and social factors with the use of resources (human, means, skills) in these destinations will help to make good use of local resources. The article proposes a basis for the selection of tourism-agricultural products for tourism destinations from a sustainable perspective, specifically as follows: (1) Orientation to develop tourism products (type of tourism - agriculture); (2) Investment in tourismagricultural infrastructure and business establishments; and (3) Logistics - product supply (for tourism - agriculture). 78
Dynamics of Tourism Flows in Jiangxi, China: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Quantity and Quality Since 2000 Lijuan Jin1,2, Nurwati Binti Badarulzaman2, * and Shida Irwana Omar2 1 School of History, Geography and Tourism, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China; [email protected] 2 School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia. Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: While tourism flows have been extensively studied in terms of their scale, the quality of tourism flows remains underexplored. The purpose of this quantitative research is to investigate the evolving characteristics of both the quantity and quality of tourism flows in Jiangxi, China, since the year 2000, with a focus on their spatial-temporal distribution. Method: Based on the data provided by the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics, which includes the number of inbound tourists and international tourism revenue in Jiangxi Province since 2000, this study utilized ArcGIS to create spatial distribution maps and barycenter routes for both the quantity and quality of tourism flows. Additionally, a Python-based grey correlation analysis was conducted to assess the impact of seven influencing factors on the quality of inbound tourism flows. Results: The findings reveal the following key insights:1) The spatial development of inbound tourism flows exhibits an asynchrony between quantity and quality. This highlights the necessity for destinations to prioritize enhancing both quality and efficiency while expanding tourism scale; 2) While the regional disparities in the number of inbound tourists have widened, the regional disparities in the quality of tourism flows have diminished, indicating a significant shift in dynamics; 3) Public health crises like COVID-19 exert a decisive influence on the quantity of inbound tourism, whereas their impact on the quality of inbound tourism is relatively modest; 4) Economic development levels, degrees of openness to the global stage, and the quality and allure of tourist attractions play pivotal roles in facilitating the transformation of the economic benefits derived from tourism flows. Conclusions: This study examines the dynamics of tourist flows in Jiangxi, China since 2000. The findings underscore the need for a more comprehensive understanding of tourism flows, encompassing both quantity and quality aspects, to inform strategic planning and development in the tourism industry. Keywords: Tourist flows; spatial-temporal distribution; quality; Jiangxi; ArcGIS; python; COVID-19 79
Intention Toward Community-Based Homestay Among Young Generation Mohd Mohadir Harun1 , Hashim B. A. Rahim @ Abd Rahman2 dan Rosmanizah Bt. Derahman3 Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah Sungai Lang, 45100 Sungai Ayer Tawar, Selangor Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: In recent years, the concept of community-based homestay has gained great attention as a form of sustainable tourism. The study investigates the younger generation's intentions toward participation in community-based homestay programs. The research aims to reveal the factors that influence young people's desire to engage in such experiences and have great potential to benefit both tourists and host communities. Method: Understanding the younger generation's intention to participate in this program is essential to promoting a responsible and meaningful form of tourism. In this study, the researchers drew attention to three main factors: emotion, novelty, and value for money which can influence young tourists' intentions to travel. The researchers utilized a quantitative study approach to collect comprehensive data on young people's intentions about community-based homestays. The instrument used was an online questionnaire and has been distributed to 254 randomly selected respondents among youngsters. Result: The results of the study unveiled several noteworthy findings. Quantitative analysis indicated that the level of perception of emotion, novelty, and value for money towards CBH is high. The relationship between emotion, novelty, and value for money towards community-based homestay aspirations shows a strong relationship. This shows that these three factors have a strong influence on the younger generation in making decisions in the selection of the CBH as their accommodation destination. The results suggest that a strong emotional response to CBHs, coupled with the appeal of novelty, strongly influences the attractiveness of these offers to the young population. In addition, the perception of getting value for money increases the attractiveness of CBHs as a practical and satisfying option. Furthermore, the recognition that the younger generation values experiences that evoke emotion, offer unique experiences, and have economic value underlines the importance of tailoring CBH offers to these preferences. This not only increases the attractiveness of CBHs but also helps to foster a positive and create offerings that resonate strongly and ensure a sustainable growth relationship between the younger population and CBH. Conclusions: Future research could explore the role of social and environmental awareness in influencing young generations' intentions towards community-based host families (CBHs). Investigate how environmentally friendly practices, community engagement, and sustainable initiatives related to CBHs align with the values of environmentally conscious youth. This study would provide insight into whether aligning CBHs with these values influences intention and thus leads the industry towards more environmentally and socially responsible offerings. Understanding how ethical considerations influence decision-making would inform marketing strategies and service improvements, as well as promote the adoption of CBHs among young tourists who prefer responsible and impactful travel experiences. Keywords: Community Base Homestay; Young Generation, Intention 80
Tourism Entrepreneurship and English Language Oral Proficiency: Exploring Its Importance Among B40 Communities Ku Nor Syakina Ku Sulong1, *, Faizahani Ab Rahman2 , Masturah Sabri3 , Vincent Wong4 1,2,3,4 School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, 06010 Bukit Kayu Hitam, Kedah, Malaysia. 3 Department of Languages and General Studies, Faculty of Business and Communication, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the significance of oral communication skills among B40 (low-income) entrepreneurs in the tour guide industry on Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia, an area of research that is notably underexplored in the context of B40 communities. Method: A qualitative research methodology was employed in this study, utilising semistructured interviews and observational techniques as primary data collection instruments. The research subjects were five local B40 tour guide entrepreneurs working on Langkawi Island. Results: The research findings indicate that the vast majority of B40 tour guide entrepreneurs participating in the study place high importance on strong English oral proficiency. They unanimously agreed that this skill is crucial for effective communication with customers, which in turn plays a pivotal role in enhancing the development of their businesses. This consensus among the participants underscores the fundamental role of English language proficiency in the tourism industry, highlighting its undeniable importance as a tool for fostering improved customer interactions and overall business growth. Conclusions: The outcomes of this study are anticipated to serve as valuable insights for English education institutions to enhance their teaching methods, as well as for B40 tour guide entrepreneurs aiming to further develop their communication abilities, particularly in oral English. Moreover, the findings of this research are expected to offer significant benefits to not only English education institutions and B40 tour guide entrepreneurs but also to policymakers and tourism stakeholders. By understanding the specific needs, policymakers can develop targeted support programmes and initiatives to boost tourism on Langkawi Island, thereby contributing to the local economy and employment opportunities. Keywords: Tourism Entrepreneurship, English Language Oral Proficiency, Communicative Ability, B40 Communities, Tourism Industry 81
82 Safety Compliance Study from the Aspect of Teaching and Learning Asset Maintenance Ts. Muhammad Faez bin Abd Rahman1 , Dr. Muhamad Nazri bin Abu Shah1 , Ts. Muhammad Azri Izani bin Mohamad Halim1 1 Jabatan Kejuruteraan Petrokimia, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, KM22, Jalan Matang, 93050, Kuching Sarawak Correspondence email: [email protected] Safety issues are usually neglected by personnel until incidents occur at a site or workplace. Based on statistics provided by Department of Occupational, Safety and Health (DOSH), incidents occurring in 2022 show an increment of 0.5% compared to in 2021. Most of these incidents happened due to several factors. Among the factors are negligence of safety procedures, lack of maintenance activities and not following standard operating procedures. This study was conducted in Jabatan Kejuruteraan Petrokimia, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak to achieve the objectives of this study. The objective is to study the maintenance management of teaching and learning assets in department. Next objective is to identify the awareness of staff in department towards to safety aspect di laboratory and workshop. Lastly, the objective is to suggest an improvement regarding asset maintenance safety compliance. For the first objective was achieved through qualitative method. Survey was conducted on site which laboratory and workshop in Jabatan Kejuruteraan Petrokimia by using checklist to identify which safety that not been complied. There are some findings categorized as Opportunity for Improvement (OFI). For the second objectives, the method use was quantitative where questionnaires were distributed among staff in the department. Based on the data obtained, most of the staff agreed that maintenance activities will extend the lifespan of the equipment. Hence, increase the efficiency of machines working conditions. Besides, refreshment training are needed to refresh the standard operating procedure for staff in order to operate the machine in the teaching and learning session. For the last objectives achieved by comparing results from qualitative and quantitative based on Department of Occupational, Safety and Health, Factories and Machines Act 1967, Safety and Occupational Health Act 1994 and Government Moveable Asset Management Procedures by Malaysia Treasury. Results of this study use improvement needed in asset management Politeknik Kuching Sarawak. Keywords: Safety, maintenance, asset management
COMPILATION OF ABSTRACTS CLUSTER: BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP & LEADERSHIP 83
The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Brand Loyalty Suraya Akmar Mokhtaruddin1 , Nor Rahimy Khalid2 , Mohd Rizal Mohd Azmi3 1 Commerce Department, Politeknik Ungku Omar, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia 2 Commerce Department, Politeknik Nilai, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Management, Universiti Multimedia, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia Correspondence email: [email protected] Information technology advancement has given an impact to the customers experience in service as well as their relationship with the service provider. The flexibility of communication channel such as smartphones, social media, email, Facebook, twitter and other in making easier for firm to effective deliver message to target customer. The impact of social media marketing on band loyalty has been widely studied by previous literature in various context. However, the empirical research from the apparel company context is still limited. Therefore, this conceptual paper is proposed to fill in the social media marketing literature by focusing on the relationship between social media marketing and brand loyalty from the customer perspective. Academically, this study contributes to the literature of social media marketing in business-to-customer context specifically from customer point of view and practically to the apparel company in comprehending social media marketing in enhancing brand loyalty in apparel industry. Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Brand Loyalty, Apparel Company 84
Aviation Professional Industry Insights: Post COVID-19 Pandemic Business Management for Malaysian Aircraft Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Organisations Muhamad Farouk Abdul Rashid1,*, Nurul Huda Ahmad2 , Syuhaida Ismail3 1 Politeknik Banting, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia As the pandemic CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact the global aviation sector, the Malaysian aircraft maintenance organisation must plan effective business management methods for recovery. The pandemic of COVID-19 had a detrimental impact on both aircraft maintenance activities and the profitability of aircraft Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) organisations, which resulted in layoffs, restructuring and permanent company closures. The purpose of this study is to provide the post COVID-19 pandemic business management method for the Malaysian aircraft maintenance repair and overhaul organisation affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in order to improve business value. This study identifies the pre and post COVID-19 scenario of aircraft MRO organisations and proposes an industrial standpoint business management method. A literature review and qualitative interviews served as the research method for this study. Five aviation professionals in Selangor, Malaysia were subjected to semistructured survey questionnaires with a focus on business survey questionnaires with a focus on business management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that taking advantage of selling more corporate jets with all-in-one maintenance packages, government assistance via budgetary, policy-making and simplifying regulation during aircraft re-activation, engagement with government and aircraft training providers promotes a good reputation for the company to attract foreign investors and acquiring managerial and technical professionals from other nations allows the company to tap into the global market. The data gathered from aviation professionals contributed to the development of the study's aim, to propose post COVID-19 pandemic business management method to Malaysian aircraft MRO organisations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to improve business value. 85
The Worshipful Intention of Polytechnic Students towards Islamic Entrepreneurship Mazura binti Mansor1 , Siti Hajar binti Arani2 1,2 Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah, Selangor Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that affect Islamic entrepreneurial intentions. The conceptual model on the theory of Islamic entrepreneurship based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to identify the factors influencing the worshipful intention (niyyah) of Polytechnic students to practice the concept of Islamic entrepreneurship. The worshipful intention or ‘niyyah’ towards Islamic entrepreneurship is studied based on four determinants, including empathy, moral obligation, Islamic entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived social support. Method: This study utilized a descriptive research design. Data was collected through a set of questionnaires measuring students’ demographic information, worshipful intention and all the determinants studied. The study utilized correlation statistics to analyze the data with the descriptive analysis such as mean and standard deviation. Results: The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship among all the factors affecting worshipful intention towards Islamic entrepreneurship with the highest is perceived social support. Moreover, among four determinants of worshipful intention, moral obligation showed the highest level of mean followed by empathy. Conclusions: The result of the study has valuable implications for polytechnic administrators and educators in order to build the students’ worshipful intention in practicing Islamic entrepreneurial concepts. There is potential impact of the findings that could be extended to higher education institutions in the country. Keyword: Islamic entrepreneurship, worshipful intention, empathy, moral obligation, Islamic entrepreneurial self-efficacy, perceived social support, Polytechnic students 86
Factors Affecting Destination Loyalty Among Tourists: The Case of an Ecotourism Farm Dennis B. Testado1 , Samuel N. Agcaracar2 1 Holy Name University, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines 2 Divine Word Institute of Mission Studies, Tagaytay City, Philippines Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The study has explored the behavioral patterns of the large number of visitors to the trending ecotourism destination that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic, the SVD Laudato Sì Farm. The study considered two constructs: "destination loyalty," which refers to visitors' intention to return and recommend the destination to others, and the "motivational factors" driving destination loyalty, such as spiritual and religious experiences, social connections, nature, and wellness. The focus of the study was on the question: how do the ‘motivational factors’ influence the ‘destination loyalty’ of the visitors of an ecotourism farm such as Laudato Sì Farm? To deal with the question, the study had the following specific objectives: 1. To determine the degree of the motivational factors of the visitors in each of the four factors such as (a) spiritual & religious motives, (b) fun & social contact, (c) nature, and (d) wellness & healing; 2. To determine the degree of the ‘destination loyalty’ of the visitors/guests to an ecotourism farm; 3. To identify which among the four motivational factors could serve as a significant predictor of the ‘destination loyalty’ of the visitors; and 4. To determine the degree of influence of the identified variable-predictor on the ‘destination loyalty’ of the visitors. Method: The study utilized a quantitative survey design, with descriptive and linear regression as statistical tools to process and analyze the collected data. The Instrument used was pre-tested, showing acceptable consistency and reliability for the study. The survey employed a cross-sectional approach with a single-stage sampling procedure, ensuring equal probability for all visitors to be chosen. Data collection was conducted over two months, particularly on weekends, with 486 completed responses to the survey. However, only 326 responses were deemed valid for further analysis. Results: Results showed that all four motivational factors (i.e., spiritual and religious experiences, social connections, nature, and wellness) positively and significantly predicted visitors' destination loyalty. Conclusions: The motivational factors (spiritual and religious experiences, social connections, nature, and wellness) were found to be positive and significant predictors of destination loyalty. Thus, the study recommended the practical implications of these motivational variables which ecotourism managers can consider in enhancing visitors' destination loyalty. The study further recommended that similar studies be conducted at different times of the year and then compare the results to identify similarities and differences. Also, to increase the generalizability of the results, it was recommended to replicate a similar study in other ecotourism destinations. Furthermore, future researchers should consider factors related to visitors' journey in going to the destination. 87
Does proactive personality explain the relationship between ethical leadership and innovative work behaviour in higher educational institutions? Sock Beei, Yeap1 1 Department of General Studies, Politeknik Seberang Perai, Jalan Permatang Pauh, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Malaysia. Correspondence email: [email protected] Purpose: The growing importance of innovative work behaviour has now become indispensable serving as a critical determinant for the survival of organisations (Grošelj, Černe, Penger, & Grah, 2021). Organisations including higher educational institutions, such as polytechnics endeavor to cultivate innovative work behaviour within their workforce due to its elevated significance and value. Notably, ethical leadership fosters an environment where employees are motivated to channel their energy and skills into their performance, thereby leading to a subsequent culture of innovation especially innovative work behaviour (Iqbal, Abid, Contreras, Hassan, & Zafar, 2020). Furthermore, individuals who possess proactive personalities will actively seek out challenging tasks that provide them with opportunities to engage in innovative work behaviours within the workplace (McCormick, Guay, Colbert, & Stewart, 2019). Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of ethical leadership on lecturers’ innovative work behaviour. Specifically, this study also aimed to investigate the mediating effect of proactive personality between the relationship of ethical leadership and innovative work behaviour in the northern zone of Malaysian polytechnics. The research questions are stated as below: 1. Does ethical leadership influence lecturers’ innovative work behaviour? 2. Does proactive personality mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and innovative work behaviour? Method: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey research design. The participants involved 172 lecturers from Malaysian polytechnics in Penang, Kedah, and Perlis. A convenience sampling procedure was used for data collection. This study used the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to analyse the data. Results: The findings show that ethical leadership did not influence lecturers’ innovative work behaviour (β=-0.020, t =0.264). Thus, H1 was not supported. However, proactive personality mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and innovative work behaviour (β=0.266, t =3.946). Hence, H2 was supported. Conclusions: This study has broadened the comprehension of ethical leadership, innovative work behavior, and proactive personality in the context of Malaysian polytechnics. Moreover, the findings offer substantial proof that the exploration of ethical leadership and innovative work behavior, with a proactive personality as a mediator, extends beyond Western cultures and holds significance within the Malaysian setting. Keywords: Ethical leadership, innovative work behaviour, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), proactive personality 88