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LAS 616 | CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

pekan
papan

desktop study

Presented by: Group 2

siti shaveera bt md shadip
nur liyana bt mohd zaibuddin
nur izzati nadiah bt abdul manan
nurfajrina hasanah bt mazlan

nor hidayah bt ibrahim

site checklist

Cultural Mapping book, Second
Edition by Janet Pillai

introduction

Pekan Papan is located near Ipoh , Perak , Malaysia . It is located
between Ipoh and Batu Gajah in the south. Among the places close to
Papan town are Menglembu , Pusing , Batu Gajah , Lahat, Bukit Merah
and others.

甲板Papan is a Malay word that literally means 'plank', while its Cantonese
name, (Ka Pan) translates to 'first wood'. These names may have

originated from the area's earliest known history as a small lumber

town, probably as early as in the 1700s.

Amidst its crumbling shophouses and empty streets, Stories of past riches, war,
secret societies and radioactive minerals intertwine with each other. Pekan
Papan known as the most intriguing ghost town in Perak.

Map of Papan from Ipoh (direction from Lumut)

Small junction ahead towards Jalan Lahat. Small junction towards Papan.

During its heydays, Jalan Lahat was the main road that linked the many mining centers in Manjung and Perak Tengah districts to Ipoh. Since the
completion of the Ipoh-Lumut Highway in 2008, traffic has generally by passed Pusing and the surrounding areas (including Pekan Papan).

Pekan Papan. Old M.C.A. branch in Lot 35, alongside Historical remnants and the town's
a row of shophouses. current generation.

Around a single road were rows of decaying century-old shophouses, some partially collapsed and others disappearing back into nature.
This small pocket of buildings was once among the richest mining centers in Perak, rivaling even the likes of Ipoh, Batu Gajah and Taiping

history FROM LUMBER TOWN TO BUSTLING MINING CENTER (1700S - LATE 1800S)

Kledang range, a group of hills that includes Gunung Hijau (543m), The Kledang hills that form the backdrop of Papan were once a well-known source of Chengal
Gunung Kledang (800m) and Gunung Peninjau (1,059m). timber, attracting many Malay and Chinese timber workers from all over Perak. Along with
the lumber industry, a number of mines were opened in the mid 1800s due to the
discovery of promising alluvial tin deposits.

King Billah came from Mandailing from Sumatra Raja Billah was once appointed to Raja Billah used to work in a tin mine in Papan town.
and lived in Papan, Perak. He was the son of Raja collect tin tax around Kinta ( Ipoh ) from Sungai Johan , Sungai Kinta and Sungai Raya were
Tedong Berani in West Sumatra who fled in the tin miners who passed through Sungai important tin mining locations at that time.
1860s to the Malay Peninsula following the Paderi Kinta . He was once a chief on the Board
War (1816-1833). The Dutch colonialists wanted (1882-1909).
Sumatra especially Acheh to submit to their rule.

The tin mine in Papan was originally owned by Sultan Ismail , Perak. When throwing - melting - tearing - punching
the Silver War broke out in 1875 following the assassination of JWW
Birch on 2 November 1875, Frank Swettenham handed over the mine to King Billah bought a pump engine from mining
Raja Asal . Raja Asal came from West Sumatra and was the uncle of Raja England. Then a second engine was methods
Billah. Eventually these mines were handed over to King Billah. purchased from Uganda .

In 1887

there was a riot of tin miners in Papan, Perak.

In 1894

The House of Raja Billah was built in the old town of Papan.
Raja Bilah's house is turned into a museum by the Department of Museums and
Antiquities.
The house has Malay architecture and has 6 rooms and is 100 years old.

In 1984

there were demonstrations by residents around Papan to protest against the
Malaysian government's proposal to want the interior of Papan as a dumping ground
for radioactive waste. Eventually the proposal was rescinded.

Rumah Besar (Istana Raja Billah) centerpiece building in the Mandailing village.

Lot 27 at the junction towards village area. A leisure Lot 73 (left) and 71 (right). The nearby Lot 69 Shophouses No. 82 - 92 near the market area (now
center (Yee Lok Club) and a tea house used to (far right) housed a Hakka association; replaced by community hall), said to have been occupied
occupy Lot 33 (far left end). Tsen Lung Fui Kuon.

by among the richest families in Lembah Kinta.

By the end of the 19th century

Papan had its own Cantonese theatre, school, dispensary, post office, football field,
clubs, market, guesthouses and even a tennis court.

a vibrant community of many ethnicities bloomed (Europeans, Hakka and Cantonese
Chinese, Malays, Mandailings, Indians, Sikhs, Sumatranese, Minangs, Rawas, and
Javanese). A British census in 1891 even revealed Papan as the 5th most populated
town in Perak.

Road between the brick shophouses (left) and timber buildings of 'new town' (right).

Papan old map (early 1990s) superimposed over modern day conditions.
(Ref: Site visit and Ho Thean Fook's God of the Earth)

Entrance to shophouse No. 43. The row was occupied by a When not working in the quarries, miners would flock
variety of businesses during Papan's heydays. to the town to look for entertainment.

There were abundant places for leisure, particularly at the Northern-end rows of shophouses.

Brothels, shooting galleries, 'sing-song' bars, gambling dens and opium sellers were available to
accommodate the growing demand.

An Anglo-Chinese club was also established at the further end of the road, a meeting space for the rich
and well-connected.

Railway links in Perak in the early 1900s. The left track is the Ipoh - Tronoh RISE AND FALL OF SECRET SOCIETIES (LATE 1800S - 1930S)
Railway Line. (Ref: Adapted from www.Malayarailway.com map)
Papan secured its position as an important tin
producer in Lembah Kinta, evidenced by the
construction of a new railway station nearby in the
early 1900s.

The station was part of the Ipoh-Tronoh Railway
Line, connecting Papan directly to Ipoh and
beyond.

Transportation became more accessible, more
opportunity was available for the development of
the town and its resources.

Remnants of brick walls and pillars beside Main Street.

Tin-mining boom and mass migration of workers imported intense conflicts between rivaling Chinese
secret societies, between the Hakka-dominated Ghee Hin and the Cantonese-dominated Hai San.
a small brothel fight developed into a full town-wide riot, known as the 'Papan Riots'
The packed timber buildings and lack of fire prevention measures exposed Papan to both accidental fires
and arson attacks.

Many of the
excavated mines
transformed into
large lakes that
surround the Papan
and the Ulu Johan

Valley today.

Shophouses taken over by a small Lot 20, the only remaining old shophouse Salvaged mining equipment parts, Corroded dredging bucket and rolls of
forest on one side of Main Street. of the two northern rows. probably a from a tin barge. cables around Papan's village houses.

WARS AND GUERILLAS (EARLY 1900S - 1960)

Papan was a significant political ground in Perak. Dr. Sun Yat Sen himself, the first
president of The Republic of China, is believed to have hosted meetings in the town's
Anglo-Chinese Club during his stay in Malaya in the early 1900s.

Remnants of Lot 26, near the present- The Japanese invasion of Malaya in 1941 and ensuing bombings of Ipoh made Papan a
day basketball court. shelter for many refugees fleeing from the main front of the war.

Abandoned car parked in front of Lot 45. MPAJA managed to attract membership, support and donations from a great number Papan's jungles was declared safe again after
of Chinese communities sympathetic to its cause against Japan. years of guerilla activity.

Utilizing funds, weapons and training from the British during the Japanese resistance
period, the MCP created the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) in 1948,
absorbing many communist members from MPAJA to continue on fighting. Again, the
Kledang Range and Papan's jungles were used as hideouts for militant forces.

Papan's jungles were among the infamous sources of guerillas involved in numerous
violent attacks on civilians and police forces around Perak.

One of the numerous tin mining lakes in Papan
(dilapidated basketball court in the foreground).

Lot 74, site of the famous Kathigasu
clinic, now a museum.

In response, the controversial Brigg's Entrance to the Kathigasu museum with Tree roots and a broken Windows covered by roots, Lot 26. Lot 22 (far left), the only occupied shophouse in
Plan was introduced by the British copies of newspaper clippings during the war. concrete pillar, Lot 26. this row. Lot 28 (far right), has been completely
Military Administration (BMA) in 1948
overgrown with large trees.

Restructured as a 'Kampung Baru', Papan was one of 158 kampungs in Perak put under close government watch, with its perimeters surrounded by barbed fences and
resident movement strictly controlled.
Tin mining continued to be conducted at a slower pace, Major mining plans was organized in 1977, resulting in 60 households being moved from Kampung Papan to
the nearby Kampung Papan Baru. The operations did not last long enough, as the worldwide tin crash eight years later gave the final blow to the town's industry,
triggering the final exodus of miners from Papan. Until today, remnants of tin dredging parts can still be found scattered around the village nearby.

Radiation Scare (1982 - 2011)

Map of cancelled dumpsite, new permanent dumpsite and ARE plant Three concrete trenches were The proposed Papan dump site located one kilometer
(Ref: Adapted from Aliran and The Star report) discreetly constructed and the site ahead, near villager's farms, fish ponds and water source.
was found and widespread uproar
Nearly two decades after escaping the shadow of militants and war, the spotlight ensued, cause the anti-nuclear Lot 53, Tong Onn Association, one of the few
was once again back on Papan. protest. well-maintained shophouses in Papan.

In 1979, Asian Rare Earth Sdn Bhd (ARE), was incorporated to conduct Villagers from Kampung Baru Bukit
operations in Bukit Merah and the company was a joint venture between the Merah claim of increased cases of
Japanese giant. cancer (leukemia), birth defects and
other medical issues due to the
The business of extracting monazite from tin tailings and the final product proximity of radioactive material
would then be sold off for use in high technology industries and products. storage to villages area.

Multiple NGOs involved to stop the
company from continuing work while
United Nations representatives visited
Papan and declared the trenches
unsafe for thorium storage.

A number of leading figures were
further detained under Internal Security
Act (ISA). Public pressure resulted
cancellation of Papan waste storage
plans in 1985, but the ceasing of ARE
operations altogether in their Bukit
Merah plant in 1992.

Between 2003 - 2005, Mitsubishi
have spent more than million in
cleaning up factory, moving their
things to the new government-owned
dumpsite.

Currently, he dumpsite has been
upgraded and be controlled and
monitored for at least another 300
years.

RETURNING TO SLUMBER

The radiation incident briefly thrust Papan into the national spotlight. However, as the issue
eventually died down, the town's streets started to become more quiet. There were only
about 150 houses left in the area and less than 20 of its shophouses still being occupied.

The area used to be a center of activity, but with the young generation leaving for better
work opportunities, it became a quiet town.

Today, Main Street in Papan shows the extent of the buildings that have already been
demolished due to the passage of time. Some of these include the railway station, the post
office, and the Cantonese theatre. In addition, a basketball court and a school were built on
the site of the old market during WWII.

Yap See Mansion, once the residence of a wealthy tin miner & estate owner.

Classic shophouse facade. Wooden village houses behind the main town area. Lot 79, across the street from the current-day school and coffee shop.

Despite its small size, Papan still managed to attract people from outside the state due to the number of movies that were filmed in the area. The state government is
planning on developing the town into a tourist destination.

The town's progress has been highlighted by the inclusion of Jeram Papan in the Kinta Valley Geopark in 2018. However, the scale of the conservation efforts needed to
restore the town's old structures is still not sufficient.

The town's old structures are a living monument to the diversity of Malaysia's past and how far it has come as a society. Unfortunately, its rows of buildings still look dated (out of style).

Like many mining towns in Perak, Papan was neglected and forgotten. This is why it is important that the community takes care of this area and its people.

2014 2015 2016

2019 2018 2017

2020 2021 site context

Papan Regional Sewage Treatment Plant

Historical Place History of Sybil Kathigasu

Assist the anti-Japanese guerrillas and
assist the allied forces in the battles of the
second world war

The Chinese consider sybil an icon because
he is fluent in Cantonese

Sybil Medan Kathigasu was a Malayan nurse who supported the resistance The Chinese consider sybil an icon because
during the Japanese occupation of Malaya. he is fluent in Cantonese

Sybil and Dr Abdon Clement provided medical services and shared While in Japanese custody, Sybil and her
information and current secrets obtained from BBC radio. husband were not given food or drink at all.
But sybil did not divulge the name of the
anti -guerrilla

sybil is abused "tokyo
wine test" where water
will be put through the
nose and the torturer
will step on the
stomach to remove
the water back from
the body

No dram of mercy is a book written by sybil World war 2

Historical Place History of Sybil Kathigasu

Non -stop torture June 1948 - Received the King

Her daughter, Dawn who was then 5 years old was
George iv medal at Buckingham
hanged from a tree and threatened to be burned
alive Palace. A tribute to her the brave
contribution
1943 - Sybil is stuffed into an elephant stone prison
after the Japanese army leaks information about June 4, 1948 - Sybil was pronounced Picture taken outside the buckingham palace
her duties dead at the age of 49 in a hospital in
Lanark, Scotland due to blood
1943 - Dr Karthigasu continues to be hanged, while poisoning or septicemia
Sybil is imprisoned
June 4, 1948 - Sybil was pronounced
August 1945 - Sybil survives the end of the second dead at the age of 49 in a hospital in
world war. Lanark, Scotland due to blood
poisoning or septicemia
1945- Captain David (british army) finds sybil in elephant stone Prison
and frees him. She was immediately flown to england to receive further Sybil name is dedicated in Jalan ipoh because of
treatment her sacrifice

Historical Place House Sybil Kathigasu

History

House of Sybil Kathigasu is a house at No. 74 Jalan Besar (Main Street),
Papan, Perak. The house is a double-storey shophouse. Once part of a
row, it today stands alone next to a Chinese school, the SJK(C) Papan.

Over the course of 20 months leading up to their capture in 1943, the The living room of Sybil Kathigasu's house Law points to the hole where a shortwave radio was
facility which was their home and clinic, doubled up as a base for Sybil to (18 June, 2011) hidden ( 18 June 2011)
aid guerilla fighters resisting the Japanese occupation of Malaya during
World War 2

The inner courtyard of Sybil Kathigasu's house The display cabinet at the shophouse where Sybil
(18 June, 2011) Kathigasu once stayed has medical tools that are
unique to that era.

The house is organized by One of the bedrooms in Sybil Kathigasu's house
the Penang Heritage Trust. (18 June, 2011)
Taking care by Mr Law Siak
Hong, the Vice President of
the Perak Heritage Society.

(GPS: 4.51491, 101.01213) A desk at Sybil Kathigasu’s shophouse.

Made by : House of Sybil Kathigasu

Red brick + Timber + Zink Past ( 1942)
2011/2012
Sybil House Style : Dilapidation and modern element at the
entrance. 2020 ( current )

Characteristics of Malaysian architecture criteria.

Buildings are usually free-standing, made of timber and raised
off the ground on piers in rural areas

The Chinese in the urban streets have interior courtyards that
afford family privacy differs from the Malay in the rural
settlement

The traditional Malay house type varies according to the
region as the house is attributable to the proximity to other
cultures

The period of time when a building was constructed give
influences to the styles of the building

Historical Place 2 Istana Besar (Istana Raja Billah, Papan Perak)

- history -
According to history, this palace was used by King Billah to celebrate weddings, gatherings or any celebration of the surrounding residents.
This palace is a platform for the surrounding residents to meet with Raja Billah to discuss problems and exchange opinions. Usually the residents will visit
it after Friday Prayers at Masjid Papan.
Raja Bilah was married to Enche Na’mas Binti Maharaja Mandailing. They had 5 children, Raja Rabiah, Raja Muhammad Ya’qub, Raja Kamariah, Raja
Sitiawan and Raja Shahabudin.
Raja Asal did not have any children of his own, and Raja Bilah was his sole heir and successor. He passed away on 14 November 1877.
Raja Bilah was in his early 40’s when he assumed duty as the leader of the Mandailing people. Raja Bilah, first recruited by the police as a peace-keeper,
became a strong ally of the police in enforcing the law.
The Mandailing were influenced by Muslim culture and converted to Islam. Previous to their conversion, they practiced Hinduism and Parmalim (Batak native
religion). There are also a group of Mandailing in Malaysia, especially in the states of Selangor and Perak.

Istana Raja Billah 1896 Istana Raja Billah 1900-1910
Istana Raja Billah 2019
Raja Billah Background The Mandailings in Perak

Istana Besar (Istana Raja Billah, Papan Perak) Rumah Besar Raja Bilah is located about
200 metres just off the Papan main
- site context - road, before 74 Papan Main Street,
the home of heroine Sybil Karthigasu.

Rumah Besar was actually a “council
house” which was used for a conference
of elders and other large events.

Next to the palace there is also a 128 - Raja Bilah, during his time, was Rumah Istana Raja Billah
year old wooden house now known possibly the biggest Malay miner in
as the original house (Rumah Asal) the Kinta Valley and was reputed to Large halls upstairs and downstairs
own “Lombong Besar” (big mine) symbolized that it was a community hall.
employing hundreds of coolies, all
Malays. He was made the Penghulu The residents will visit it after Friday Prayers
(chieftain) of Papan from 1882 to at Masjid Papan and meet Raja Billah.
1909.

The mosque was built in1888 which
served the Muslim community who
came from all around for their daily
and Friday prayers.

Masjid Lama Papan Rumah Asal

Rumah Kamariah's house

- building structure & material - Istana Besar (Istana Raja Billah, Papan Perak)

The palace was built using the Mandailing construction concept or better known as Mandailing Mansion or Bagas Godang (Large House)

This functions as a Sapa Godang ( a hall for the conference of the Mandailing communities) who lived in Papan in the mid 1800s onwards.

Mandailing is the name of a noble descendant from Sumatra, Indonesia. Istana Billah was completed in 1896 and is the largest 2 storey villa in Papan, Perak

where Raja Billah was the chief at that time.

Ground floor there is a hall with 8 corners and a bench

Upstairs is a fairly large living room and hall space The room upstairs has “an ancestral home for the clan,
All the room have been locked and have a table at the downstairs. uniform holes pierced serving to bring the children
through the floorboards. It and descendants together
Great House is just the A mixture of was used to bathe the bodies. during ceremonial occasions
exterior, where the usual wood and stone such as marriages and Muslim
tourist would be, a floor tiles are feasts.”
rustic-looking building.
imported from India
Similar to the mansions of the
rich Malay aristocracy and the
Chinese miners of Kinta

Gateway Carved wooden fanlight above Underground
with stair the door and timber security grill, /Downstairs
showing the workmanship of
Traditional wood Chinese carpenters 1875-1911 Hall
carving is the most
significant Malay
ornamental art.

Top Wooden Floor Carve Windows Hidden lock Eight-sided Columns
at the timber (Octagon Shapes)
security grill

Entrance of Rumah Besar

Historical Place 3 Masjid Kampung Papan

History Planning @ design concept

Masjid Kampung Papan is located beside the hillock where Raja Bilah ·It’s design is according to bumbung limas
built his residence, Rumah Asal, and the guild hall, Rumah Besar Raja concept (bumbung juglo) due to its multi-
Bilah and was built in the Mandailing style of Sumatra. storey roof.

Tuan Syed Al-Fadhil Sheikh Mohd Taib, who was the Perak Islamic ·It does not have any towers and the call to
Religious Leader at the time, called for a mosque to be built in this prayer is chanted by hitting a drum or
village to accommodate the large congregation. Raja Bilah endowed a taboh located in the role.
piece of his land for the construction of the mosque and it was
completed in 1888 and the Malay population of Muslims also ·Prayer room has been used for conducting
increased. religious activities, meetings and feasts
and it is surrounded by four main pillars
Masjid Kampung Papan is 5.57 meters high.
the oldest mosque in the
Mandailing architectural
style and it is even older
than mosques in the
Mandailing homeland of
Sumatra.

·The mosque has a foyer, prayer room,
mihrab and mimbar, additional space such
as siak room, loteng, imam’s room (to store
the necessities of the mosque and a place
for the imam to rest).

Map of Masjid Kampung Papan

Made by : Design elements and building material

Cengal + merbau + cement + damar laut merah Made by cengal, merbau, damar laut merah
wood for floors, beams, doors, walls, windows
Source : http://mandailing.weebly.com/masjid-papan-dipengaruhi-seni-bina- and columns and the step is made by cement.
luar.html The roof is covered with a zinc roof.

The design is influenced by architecture from The pulpit of the mosque looks intact and made of
Sumatera, China and England. (can be seen at quality wood. There are openings for ventilation and
its layered roof design, adaptation of carved
motifs such as triangles on mimbar, mihrab lighting
heads and doors.)

Carved motifs based on plants, cosmos and
geometry such as awan larat and drizzle flowers
that can be seen on important spaces such as
entrances, mihrabs and mimbar.

Prayer hall space. In addition to the call to prayer,
when the time for prayer arrives, the drums and drums will be beaten. The drums and drums still look
intact and they are placed at the back of the prayer room (role)

The Papan Mosque which is also known as the Raja Billah Mosque given in conjunction with the name of its founder
reflects the architecture of Mandailing.

Side view from Papan mosque Side view from Papan mosque Side view from Papan mosque Front view from Papan mosque Rare view from Papan mosque

SJK (C) Papan Perak) Historical Place 4

Building sturcture : built in
modern structure

Located next to the main
road,next to house
no.74,which once housed the
clinic of Sybil Kathigasu

SJKC Papan Chinese primary school
has only 80 pupils comprising 45
boys and 35 girls pupils excluding
11 teachers.

Some areas once occupied by
shophouses were replaced by a
school (Sekolah Jenis
Kebangsaan Cina Papan)

The population in Papan is an ageing one, though there is a Chinese
School – SKJ (C) Papan – which has low enrolments.

SThe old abandoned premise of SJKC Papan had been stashed
away,had been relocated to the main street of Papan.

Refferences : https://www.thevibes.com/articles/culture/30895/the-decaying-town-of-papan-potential-and-possibilities-1

In 1930

Found old textbooks and children’s reading materials from the same
premise’s library

These are materials relating to the British era, the Second World War, the Emergency
and traces our nation’s journey from independence to nationhood.

There are also hand-written documents. It’s heart-warming that one of the Removing old photos stuck together
volunteers, who studied at the school, found a record of her graduation.
To restore and preserve the material – some of which have been
eaten up by termites.
it is a matter of more than just local concern, given the importance of
Papan and its neighbouring towns before and after Merdeka.
This is because until the late 1970’s, Malaysia was the world’s premier
producer of tin, supplying some 40% of the world’s tin.

Refferences : https://www.therakyatpost.com/living/2021/04/16/after-surprise-
discovery-of-british-era-historic-notes-in-perak-volunteers-are-working-hard-to-
save-them/

Reference

Lembah Kinta History: Kinta Valley: Pioneering Malaysia's Modern Development (Khoo Salma Nasution & Abdur-Razzaq
Lubis, 2005) - Perak Academy
Present day papan: Towards Formulating Urban Cultural Heritage Conservation Strategies in the Former Tin Mining
Towns in Lembah Kinta, Perak (Mohd Rifzal b Mohd Shariff, Esmawee Hj Endut, Ahmad Faisal Alias, and Nor Haslina Bt
Jaafar, 2019) - Borneo Journal of Social Science & Humanities
Papan town historical description: Planting Empire, Cultivating Subjects: British Malaya, 1786-1941 (Lynn Hollen Lees,
2017) - Cambridge University Press
Papan history: Generations: The Story of Batu Gajah (Tak Ming Ho, 2005) - Perak Academy
Papan memoirs: God of the Earth (Ho Thean Fook, 2003) - Perak Academy
Papan & MPAJA memoirs: Tainted Glory (Ho Thean Fook, 2000) - University of Malaya Press
Mandailing history in Papan: Raja Bilah and the Mandailings in Perak, 1875-1911 (Abdur-Razzaq Lubis & Khoo Salma
Nasution, 2003) - MBRAS
Rumah Besar / Istana Billah heritage status: Department keen on Papan heritage (Foon Thim Leng, 6/7/2004) - The
Star Online
Istana Raja Billah dan Masjid Kayu Tua di Papan (Pudin TTG, 2019)
http://saifudin-mtb.blogspot.com/2020/01/istana-raja-billah-dan-masjid-kayu-tua.html
Masjid Papan Dipengaruhi Seni Bina Luar, (Dr. Mohamad Tajuddin Mohamad Rasdi)
http://mandailing.weebly.com/masjid-papan-dipengaruhi-seni-bina-luar.html
https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/10/293647/forgotten-perak-town-was-backdrop-sybil-kathigasus-
heroism
https://www.penang-traveltips.com/malaysia/perak/papan/house-of-sybil-kathigasu.htm
https://www.orangperak.com/kisah-sybil-kathigasu-disiksa-tentera-jepun-di-papan-perak.html
https://lobakmerah.com/kisah-pekan-hantu-yang-terpencil-di-perak-sejarah-sybil-kathigasu-jururawat-pejuang-
tanah-air-tapi-tak-ramai-kenal/
https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2017/10/293289/sybil-kathigasus-story-should-be-studied-all-says-
filmmaker
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/07/14/memories-of-resistance-fighter-sybil-kathigasu-live-
on/1652131
https://www.mdbg.gov.my/ms/pelawat/tarikan-pelancong/istana-raja-billah
https://www.therakyatpost.com/living/2021/04/16/after-surprise-discovery-of-british-era-historic-notes-in-perak-
volunteers-are-working-hard-to-save-them/
https://www.thevibes.com/articles/culture/30895/the-decaying-town-of-papan-potential-and-possibilities-1