Introduction to Cebu (Philippines)

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Introduction to Cebu (Philippines)

Brief Profile of Cebu City
Cebu City is located on the central eastern part of Cebu Province, the center island in
Central Visayas, Southern Philippines. It is bounded by Mandaue City in the North and
Talisay City in the South. On the East is Mactan Channel and on its West are the
Municipality of Balamban and the City of Toledo.1

It has a total land area of 326.10 square kilometres or 29,124.78 hectares. Its strategic
location makes it accessible by air and sea transport. By plane, it is only an hour away
from Manila and just a few hours to reach major cities in the Asia Pacific region. 2

It is composed of eighty barangays, thirty-six in the North District and thirty-four in the
South District. Of these barangays, fifty are classified as urban and thirty as rural
barangays.3

Geographical Area and Zoning
Of the city’s 29,124.78 hectares, only 5,598.53 hectares occupy the urban areas.
However, 5o of the 80 barangays are classified as urban, while only 30 are classified
rural scattered along some 23,526 hectares. The North district has 46 barangays while
South district has 34 barangays.

While only 28% of the city is within the 18% slope or less range, about 64% of the
city’s lands are classified by the national government as alienable and disposable. The
rest is classified as forest or timberland. Lands classified as timberland include areas
that are within the critical watersheds and other protected areas of the city.

Seventy-three percent of the city’s land is under the Nationally Integrated Protected
Areas System (NIPAS). Twenty-three of the city’s barangays are totally or partially
located in the four watershed areas: Mananga, Kotkot, Lusaran and the Cebu Watershed
Reservation in Buhisan.

As shown in the city’s Zoning Map (Figure 1), the coastal area facing the Mactan Strait
is predominantly industrial. Commercial areas follow inward, followed by urban
residential areas. As the slope goes higher, the areas are rural residential, followed the
Sudlon National Park, as well as other open areas and parks. Pockets of institutional
areas are scattered throughout the narrow coastal flatland where the commercial and
industrial, as well as urban residential zones are found.4

1 Cebu, CPDO, City Profile, 2008.
2 “Solid Waste Management in Cebu City,” June 15,2009
<http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/docs/sp/swm/3%20Cebu%20(Paper).pdf>
3 Barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines.
4 Cebu, CPDO, City Profile, 2008.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Source: Cebu City Planning and Development Office

Figure 1. Cebu City Zoning Map

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Population Growth
As of August 2007, Cebu City had a total population of 798,809.5 Although trend shows
a slight decline in growth rate, at 2.19% (1990) 1.64% from 1995 to 20006, the city’s
weekday population is slightly bigger, since it houses the biggest commercial areas,
schools, hospitals and public offices that people from neighbouring towns and cities
come to during daytime and weekdays. These transients and commuters contribute to
the over-all waste generation of the city.
With the base figure of 798,809 for 2007 and growth rate at 1.77% (2000), current
population can be placed at 824,337.

Socio-Economic Patterns
Socio-economic events contribute to the fluctuation of waste generation in the City.
Tourism is a major contributing industry because Cebu is considered as one of the main
tourist destinations in the country. Tourism is at its peak from January to July. Both
locals and visitors from other countries participate in celebrating major events. During
this period, industrial and commercial establishments are busiest. Tourists go shopping,
buy souvenirs and eat out.7

Major events contribute a large volume of wastes. The first event of the year which
contributes to a lot of waste is New Year. Generated wastes usually spill off from the
Christmas week, wherein people engage in gift-giving and major shopping sprees.
However, the single biggest event which contributes the biggest waste generation is the
Sinulog Festival. During Sinulog, thousands of pilgrims and visitors join the celebration
for the feast of the Sto. Nino. The Festival features street dancing, face painting, party
events, show bands, fireworks, a Mardi Gras Parade and other activities.

During February, the Cebu X International Furniture & Furnishing Exhibition attracts
buyers from around the world. Although commonly featured in this annual exhibit are
indigenous materials such as rattan, bamboo, shells, and buri, the waste generated by
visitors include PET bottles and Styrofoam. The Chinese New Year, on the other hand,
is a vibrant Filipino-Chinese fanfare with dragon dances, fireworks. Valentines’ Day
gift giving has also become popular among urban residents.

The Lenten Season which falls on the last week of March to the first week of April is
observed with religious processions in every church in the city and Visita Iglesia or
church visits. A large volume of devotees visit the Sto. Nino during the week-long
observance.

April and May is summer time during which countryside fiestas are celebrated. People
take tours in mango and flower farms of Cebu City’s Hillylands where anyone can stop
along the roadside markets to buy fresh fruits and flowers. Flores de Mayo is celebrated
all over Cebu City where visitors can watch the Santacruzan Parade where chosen
women walk under floral arches in tiaras and ternos.

5 National Statistics Office, June 20, 2009 <www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html>
6 Cebu, CPDO, City Profile, 2008.
7 Calendar of Activities (Department of Tourism, 2008).

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Classes start in June. Major waste generation includes packaging materials for school
supplies. It is also when the Annual Cebu Business Month is held. Cebuano retail
merchants take chunks off tags prices and many warehouses hold export overruns and
some of the biggest name brands in clothing. The Sugbayanihan, the longest barbecue
grill, is also celebrated in June.

July and August are usually lean months as tropical storms become more frequent. In
July, the Fruits and Vegetables Festival is held at the City Hall Ground. September, on
the other hand, signals the entry of the “ber” months before Christmas. Retailers offer a
lot of bargains to attract buyers. Restaurant rows hold a series of concerts and events
during the month-long Octoberfest. The Queen City International Run is held in
November. By this time, the second semester opens in colleges and universities and
more wastes are generated from packaging of schools supplies. Christmas in Cebu is
more than a month-long celebration. The Christmas Food Street Festival is held and the
traditional gift giving, shopping and parties render a surge in waste generation.

Economic Growth
Despite the global economic slowdown, Central Visayas showed economic resilience
during the second quarter and first half of 2008. For Cebu City, the sectors which
posted positive growth were the information and communication technology (ICT) and
tourism industries.

Demand for tourism-related services, building of accommodation establishments and
various services increased as the region becomes one the top destinations in Asia.
Business processes outsourcing (BPO) increased and expanded. At the Asiatown IT
Park alone in Lahug, the number of locators increased from 20 to 30 in 2008.

The upbeat tourism and ICT performance led to positive movements in other economic
sectors as well, made evident by the vibrant construction industry. This increased the
labor market in the region from 92.7% in 2006 to 93.8 in 2007. IT Park alone employed
4,000 more workers in the same period. This translated to growth in retail trade as more
disposable income is earned by BPO employees.

The ICT sector contributes to more power consumption leading to the development two
power reserve projects to add 100 megawatts of the Cebu-Negros-Panay (CNP) power
grid, both of which are targeted for completion by 2010.

The transportation sector grew as traffic and volume of passengers and cargo handled
increase. In particular, Cebu-based Cebu Pacific Air opened new routes national and
international, prompting others to follow. 8
Development Outlook

8 NEDA, Central Visayas Remains Tough Amidst Global Financial Turmoil, DevPulse, Vol. 12, No.
23,May 20,2009 <http://www.neda.gov.ph/devpulse/pdf_files/central visayas.pdf>

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Because of international community recognition of Region 7 for its IT and tourism
potentials, the region expects sustained growth in these sectors. In fact, the London-
based Foreign Direct Investment magazine ranked Cebu City as eighth among 10 top
Asian Cities in the future, while a study by Global Services placed the city as one of the
favoured outsourcing destinations for global companies. Congruently, the region aims
to further expand its tourism industry not only through continuous promotion of its
ecotourism destinations, but also by penetrating new markets such as the Russians and
Indians who are now becoming frequent visitors. Their numbers are expected to
increase following moves by the Department of Tourism to streamline visa
requirements for Indian guests.9

9 Ibid.
Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Overview of Solid Waste Generation in Cebu City

National Solid Waste Profile and Projection

In 2001, World Bank projected waste generation increase in the Philippines from 10.67 million
tons/year in 2000 to 14.05 million tons/year in 2010.10 The figures registered more than 30%

increase in only ten years.

Table 1. National Waste Generation, 2000-2010

2000 2010

REGION MIL. T/YR. % OF MIL. T/YR. % OF
TOTAL TOTAL

National Capital Region (NCR) 2.45 23.0 3.14 22.3

Cordillera Administrative Region 0.17 1.6 0.21 1.5
(CAR)

Ilocos 0.50 4.7 0.63 4.5

Cagayan Valley 0.32 3.0 0.40 2.8

Central Luzon 0.96 9.0 1.32 9.4

Southern Tagalog 1.42 13.3 2.11 15

Bicol 0.54 5.1 0.65 4.6

Western Visayas 0.82 7.7 1.00 7.1

Central Visayas 0.74 7.0 1.01 7.2

Eastern Visayas 0.43 4.0 0.51 3.6

Western Mindanao 0.40 3.8 0.53 3.8

Northern Mindanao 0.37 3.4 0.47 3.4

Southern Mindanao 0.70 6.6 0.97 6.9

Central Mindanao 0.33 3.1 0.41 2.9

Autonomous Region of Muslim 0.26 2.5 0.39 2.7
Mindanao (ARMM)

Caraga 0.26 2.4 0.31 2.2

National 10.67 100 14.05 100

Assumptions: Waste production rates2:

National Capital Region: 0.71 kg/person/day urban population: 0.5 kg/person/day

rural population: 0.3 kg/person/day

It was assumed that the urban population would increase their waste production rate by 1

percent per year due to rising income levels (based on GHK/MRM International Report).

Urban and rural population and growth rates by region are based on National Statistical Office,

data for 2000.

Source: Philippine Environment Monitor, World Bank 2001

The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) reports that the country’s solid

waste generation per day is at 30,000 tons. It is composed of 73% from households, 26% from
commercial establishments, industries, institutions and 1% from healthcare facilities.11

10 World Bank, Philippine Environment Monitor 2001 Solid Waste, 2001.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Based on RA 9003, LGUs are the lead implementing agency for SWM programs. The LGUs
operate under the National Solid Waste Management Framework that clearly defines the
Philippine 3R strategy as: Avoid, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Treat, and Dispose. Local policies,
programs and projects in managing solid waste revolve around this strategy.

Although RA 9003 requires the mainstreaming of waste recycling and recovery, these are
mainly taken up by the informal sector. For instance, only 6% of solid waste was recycled in
Metro Manila in 1997 which increased to only 25% in 2007. As of the second quarter of 2008,
only 2,361 Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF) are established serving 2,634 barangays
nationwide, based on the NSWMC database. This is only .05% of the 42,000 barangays
nationwide that should have established their own facility.

As provided by the law, all open dumpsites and controlled disposal facilities should have been
closed by February 16, 2004 and February 16, 2006, respectively. Currently, more than 1,000
open dumpsites and controlled disposal facilities are still operating. Conversion of these
disposal sites to sanitary landfills encounters sitting and financing difficulties. 12

City Solid Waste Monitoring

In the North and South District of Cebu City the quantity of waste generation per
barangays was monitored by the Solid Waste Monitoring Division of Cebu City on a
monthly basis, as indicated on Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Blanks indicate that no data
was submitted by the barangays to the DPS at the given period. Because of this, the
totals given: 38,446,458 tons for the North District and 51,315,739 for the South
District do not completely reflect waste generation in the two areas.

Table 4 indicates that most barangays have their own waste collection trucks and that
only a few are being served by DPS collection. The table also shows that the DPS has
some Task Force trips for some common areas serving commercial establishments,
markets and major thoroughfares.

For 2008, the monthly comparative waste generation (Table 5) shows 25% reduction in
February (4,021.13) from January (5,061.92). It gained 6.14% by March and decreased
again by almost 5% in April. This monthly up-down fluctuation continued until an
increase in July. August to November shows continued decline in waste generation and
an increase of 7.8% in December.

Table 5 also shows no data of commercial and industrial sectors, as both sectors have
their own waste management collection and disposal. The sectors also do not report
their own solid waste monitoring to the concerned city offices.

11 Aguinaldo, E. 2008, “National and Local Initiatives on Solid Waste Management and Implementation of 3Rs in the
Philippines”, Environment and Livable Cities 08, Manila, Philippines.
12 Ibid.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Table 2. Volume of Garbage, North District, Cebu City

Brgy Jan Feb Mar April May
235,016
Apas 179,170 160,242 145,053 173,822 2
74,515 3
Bacayan 74,880 56,525 55,679 56,174 4
Banilad 39,523 48,460 349,983 1
54,475 17,600
43,765 2
Bo. Luz 382,823 341,288 391,945 354,660 563,346
1
Budla-an 37,515 15,160 107,790 1
Busay 41,216
91,480 1
Capitol Site 561,213 451,146 410,080 409,963 76,028

Carreta 109,435 86,155 75,360 76,945 34,705
80,555 84,460 87,698 79,254
Co. Central 75,710 60,690 60,321 260,688
Ramos 48,705 220,115 36,528 34,457 97,097
Day-as 53,093 54,777
Hipodromo 75,955 74,335 184,006 237,043 150,966
Kalubihan 127,895 47,165 54,375 55,832
Kamagayan 148,080 66,290
137,565 55,915 148,106 127,340 38,793
Kamputhaw 59,600 31,515 43,300 30,932
52,790 36,210 48,090 52,790 159,360
Kasambagan 23,520 25,125 20,922 64,701
Lahug 70,840
Lorega San 234,393 169,286 99,150
Miguel
Mabolo

Pahina Central

Pari-an
Pit-os
Pulangbato

Sambag 1

Sambag 2 206,470 162,000 158,636 126,185

San Antonio 72,270 49,150 44,470 52,025
San Roque 101,390 59,895 59,155 58,973

Sto. Nino 82,285 84,690 80,285

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
215,395 150,375 180,780 172,110 183,310 245,645 226,485 2,267,40

67,521 76,296 86,075 74,555 74,650 77,510 81,830 3
72,040 66,260 60,710 73,140 61,660 54,800 57,668 800,036
338,284 310,555 367,620 392,535 255,390 411,930 435,260 644,908
12,286 13,991 11,350 10,710 16,470 16,040 25,280 4,332,27
38,060 53,800 55,500 49,800 51,810 55,665 44,870
408,218 547,106 589,473 581,365 543,830 430,545 515,175 3
138,887
103,840 106,881 103,320 111,110 104,330 115,120 108,150 472,001
6,011,46
83,058 115,072 111,380 109,140 124,230 108,705 85,385
69,030 67,640 71,430 71,760 74,560 54,060 56,690 0
62,910 74,150 67,960 65,065 1,208,43
32,045 41,303 145,455 38,220 41,650 31,045 29,670
74,942 66,533 48,220 72,961 76,520 68,940 69,090 6
228,799 310,090 72,895 201,295 1,081,16
86,777 86.902 321,020 330,200 254,785 98,090
324,790 92,635 90,540 88,690 3
92,030 737,919
415,540
416,548
635,912
2,872,83

1
963,339

162,511 41,465 104,580 101,245 128,460 99,310 60,545 737,835
142,233 150,352 146,240 82,490 116,290
147,152 155,388 158,540 156,455 159,270 657,883
48,679 167,270 37,680 45,240 1,798,36
54,915 56,790 58,590 52,430 48,860 70,310 65,820
24,161 61,198 71,535 73,600 69,400 20,160 35,140 5
24,649 20,920 18,980 20,970 593,848
147,554 252,675 235,535 208,234 234,080 158,725 686,738
49,935 233,260 304,855
71,364 257,868 186,990 218,206 233,644 133,980 1,762,39
94,858 65,692 73,200 220,885 76,905 70,660 64,745
67,200 70,690 74,370 66,290 57,390 60,565 8
87,244 70,690 63,200 91,090 79,905 86,900 2,201,77
92,945
8
685,853
777,832
1,050,98

2

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Sta. Cruz 93,755 71,520 77,644 121,612

T. Padilla 99,140 88,015 82,700 101,903 110,874 1

Talamban 55,716 55,029 78,327 1

Tejero 165,977 122,620 119,625 118,915 155,945 1

Grand Total 2,622,92 2,328,22 2,559,64 2,488,60 3,104,16 2
4 4 4 4 6

Source: Department of Public Services, Solid Waste Management Division, Cebu City, 2008

Table 3. Volume of Garbage South District, Cebu City

Barangay Jan Feb Mar April May
203,801
Basak Pardo 184,415 198,415 159,574 166,592 1
90,536
Buhisan 87,670 68,352 70,599 73,659 296,191 2
219,367 1
Bulacao 286,880 240,500 232,459 228,318
239,861 2
Calamba 72,310 171,338 165,513 184,547 319,888 2
Cogon Pardo 253,190 191,576 193,425 175,306 885,796 8
Duljo Fatima 292,346 2

Ermita 281,480 265,873 89,468 1
161,452 2
Guadalupe 773,391 692,920 724,142 239,492 3
344,131
Inayawan 297,869 218,578 229,341 223,704
Kalunasan 89,965 74,780 74,840 72,405
Kinasang-an
122,981 120,540 125,628

Labanagon 432,250 428,164 188,555

Mambaling 458,673 259,664 299,845 273,573

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

98,767 123,000 138,740 107,360 123,750 102,910 93,060 1,152,11
8
107,400 120,438 92,170 125,010 108,750 119,690 131,110
1,287,20
160,389 174,436 185,710 180,185 189,540 171,080 173,380 0

136,924 147,871 169,360 174,920 164,775 156,930 169,395 1,423,79
2,993,06 3,642,96 3,932,00 3,826,75 3,728,58 3,681,64 3,537,86 2

1 3 6 1 5 4 6 1,803,25
8 7

38,446,45
8

June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
155,940 226,958 204,790 202,080 205,350 209,662 201,335 2,318,91
100,708
77,738 90,065 331,855 88,428 96,809 75,480 80,760 2
280,973 293,102 240,500 321,326 268,650 75,480 80,760 1,000,80
198,481 210,804 259,704 239,990 202,395 208,460
232,658 4
224,316 244,277 294,050 211,415 212,080 191,045 191,000 2,936,49
285,346 321,304 893,870 310,745 253,180 209,090 149,055
801,709 858,077 185,933 855,637 897,800 891,395 865,745 4
285,397 323,216 356,083 357,222 358,700 354,550 2,373,40
89,210
80,339 84,189 180,970 84,325 86,570 81,895 84,410 9
139,431 154,824 321,112 177,385 155,635 166,835 170,360
235,966 281,540 467,870 286,500 300,070 267,495 274,550 2,560,14
332,130 597,140 298,990 9

2,690,01
1

9,140,48
2

3,482,93
9

992,426
1,676,04

1
3,255,69

4
3,332,01

6

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Pasil 164,249 130,210 132,673 130,969 138,168 1

Pob. Pardo 281,455 208,156 202,194 189,510 239,728 1
25,526 16,963 48,733 1
Punta Princesa 240,135 176,783
145,405 130,385 197,245 168,659 212,975 1
Quiot 1
64,940 44,167 127,570 133,630 186,245 3
San Nicolas 161,950 119,790 35,182 40,793 47,455 4
Proper
Sapangdaku 121,880 182,570 146,505

Sawang Calero

Suba 156,275 160,155 163,746 78,399

Tisa 328,683 294,600 297,115 325,204 390,493

Grand Total 3,891,18 3,238,80 4,248,27 4,054,34 4,871,03
0 0 0 6 0

Source: Department of Public Services, Solid Waste Management Division – Cebu City

Table 4. DPS and Barangay Collection (Ton/Day)

South District Central District

Barangay DPS Brgy Total Barangay DPS Br

1. Basak Pardo 5.234 5.234 1. Pahina 5.
Central

2. Basak San 5.0 5.0 2. Bo. Luz 6.
Nicolas

3., Buhisan 2.03 2.03 3. Capitol Site 18

4. Bulacao 8.771 8.771 4. Carreta 2.825 2.

5. Calamba 5.25 5.974 11.22 5. Cogon 2
4 Ramos

6. Cogon Pardo 2.489 2.489 6. Day-as 1.405 2.

7. Duljo Fatima 5.205 5.205 7. Ermita 37.74 6.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

133,684 137,118 149,120 143,280 262,760 231,105 241,650 1,259,47
1
97,142 20,522 233,286 249,755 164,985 173,165 156,460
18,367 221,609 204,550 195,996 49,490 40,750 53,730 1,218,18
198,613 206,833 5
58,540 47,680 149,655 121,380 133,935
150,065 49,242 156,785 147,520 130,111
43,301 155,677 197,690 194,060 186,160 179,985 191,270 2,634,55
202,541 360,817 359,217
144,391 333,985 4,904,29 4,790,12 367,410 334,115 383,730 7
5,013,02 4,253,81 3,809,97 3,821,76 1,975,28
156,801 6 6
3 6 2 0 9
378,990 575,270
4,419,12 1,742,03

0 8
1,8677,08

2
4,154,35

9
51,315,73

9

North District Task Force
DPS
rgy Total Barangay DPS Brgy Total Barangay Brgy Total
.35 5.358 11.7 1. Task Force 3.47 3.47
1. Apas 5.98 5.72 (S2)
8 6.026 7.615
.02 2. Banilad 5.41 2.20 C. Padilla, T. Padilla, San Roque,
18.08 4.7 5 6.735 Mambaling, Ermita, San Nicolas Prop,
6 3. Bacayan Pahina San Nicolas
8.0 5.29 3.93 2.03 1.352
4. Busay 5.05 5 2. Task Force 3.51 3.51
8 2.9 5. 6.487 (R3)
.46 Kasambagan 1.35 11.35
3.745 6. Mabolo 2 Ermita, Lorega, Kamagayan, Carreta,
5 44.55 6 Kamputhaw, Lahug
2.55 10.13
2.9 2 7

.34 6.30
6
.81
2 7. Talamban 5.34 4.79 3. Meto Aide 3.96 3.96

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

8. Guadalupe 5.75 20.16 20.16 8. Hipodromo 3.415 4
12.7 7.586 9. Kalubihan 3.415 1.
9. Inayawan 2.486 7.586 10. Kamagayan 1.
1 4.781 11. Kamputhaw 6.62 8.
10. Kalunasan 7.026 2.486 12. Loreta 1.695 3.
11. Kinasang-an 4.91 11.54 4.781 13. Pari-an 2.
12. Labangon 12.77 14. Sambag 1 1.6 8.
4.5 15. Sambag 2 6.
13. Mambaling 4.128 6 16. San Antonio 1.36 1.
14. Pahina San 11.54 17. San Roque 1.405 1.
Nicolas 9.33 18. Sta. Cruz 3.
15. Pasil 4.5 19. Sto. Nino 6.93
16. Pob. Pardo 6.213 20. T. Padilla 3.
17. Punta Princesa 1.515 4.128 21. Tejero 1.6 3.
3.968 9.33 22. Tinago 2.0 5.
18. Quiot 4.538 23. Zapatero 1.695
5.824 12.71
19. Sapangdaku 10.44
6.213
20. Sawang Calero 7
21. San Nicolas 1.515
Prop.
22. Suba 3.968

23.Tisa 4.538
24. Hospital
25. Task Force 5.824
Source: DPS Cebu, 2009 10.44

7
4.91

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

4.0 4.0 8. Pit-os 1.81 1.816 Mabolo, Carreta
5.281 6 0.708
.86 5.364 9. 7.98 21.98 4. Task Force III 3.76 3.76
6 15.27 Pulangbato 0.70
5.025 8
.94 3.824 10. Lahug
9 8.409 14
6.343
.65 San Roque, T. Padilla, Kamagayan,
1.94 LOrega
.33 3.218
4.828 5. Task Force II 5.06 5.06
.22 10.08
4 3.568 Ramos, Market, Abattoir
7.039 Sports Complex, NRA, Suares Bros.
.40
9 6. Task Force I 5.08 5.08

.34 Tejero, Gen. Maxilom, Fuente, Ramos,
3 Tabo-an, San Roque, M.J. Cuenco

.94 7. Heat of the 6.65 6.65
.85 City

8 Kalubihan, Pahina San Nicolas, Ermita,
.42 Sta. Cruz

3

.15

.56
8

.43
9

8. Sup. Payloader 4.35 4.35
Op.

Mabolo, Carreta, Kalubihan, Kamputhaw

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Table 5. Monthly Monitoring Table CY 2008

Month Volume of Garbage (Tons)

January Res Mkt Com Hos Ind Total
February 3770.3 1138.9 152.63 5061.9
March
4 5 2
2921.0 4021.1
981.99 118.05
9 3
3157.3 1005.2 121.65 4284.2
1
8 4
4091.9
April 3048.3 926.29 117.39
8
May 3657.4 1060.3 165.82 4883.6
5 5 138.49
178.54 2
June 3595.3 1034.3 224.45 4768.1
8 168.97
7
July 4089.1 923.91 155.4 5191.6
9 143.17
165.64 4
August 3669.4 1227.9 1850.2 5121.7
1 3
9
September 3482.0 1219.5
4 9 4870.6

October 3364.8 1176.7 4697.0
9 8 7

November 3280.7 1109.6 4533.5
1 2
4915.1
December 3503.8 1245.7 8
4
56440.
TOTAL 56440. 13050. 0 0 84
84 66

Source: Solid Waste Monitoring Division, Cebu City

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Comparativ Day Shift/South District Night Shift/North District
e (%)
No. of Equip. Dispatched No. of Equip. Dispatched
↑↓
Target Actual Condmn Target Actual Condmn
25.88% ↓
6.14% ↑ 614 614 350 340 10
4.69%↓
16.2% ↑ 634 633 1 294 294
2.42% ↓
8.16% ↑ 676 675 1 324 324
1.36% ↓
5.16% ↓ 642 642 298 298
3.7% ↓
3.6% ↓ 638 638 339 339
7.8% ↑
658 658 326 326

645 645 356 356

601 601 368 368

585 585 368 368

595 595 366 366

568 568 359 358 1

609 609 363 363

7465 7433 2 4111 4100 11

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterisation

METHODOLOGY

Waste Sectors
In the study, three major waste sectors were analyzed:

Commercial Sector - Wastes disposed by businesses, institutions and market
places that that are collected and transported by private and government haulers.

Residential Sector - Wastes disposed by households collected and transported by
private and government haulers.

Industrial Sector - Waste generated from industrial areas and transported by
private and government haulers.

Since there is only one transfer station in the city DPS Dispatching Area, waste source
and sectors are readily determined with each truck. Data such as these are captured in
the Truck Tag, Weight Master Form and the Hand Sort Form13. Because of this, sorting
can be done at the Inayawan Sanitary Landfill before dumping.

Population
With the base figure of 798,809 for 2007 and growth rate at 1.77% (2000), current
population can be placed at 824,337. These figures will be used for further population
and waste generation projection in this paper.

Sampling

Sampling Schedule

To be able to cover a whole period of the city’s waste cycle, the schedule for the
sampling activities was arranged as follows:

Table 6. Sampling Schedule

Sampling Day Date Day of the Shift

Week Night shift
Day shift
Day 1 May 21, 2009 Thursday Night shift
Day shift
Day 2 May 23, 2009 Saturday Night shift
Day shift
Day 3 May 25, 2009 Monday Day shift

Day 4 May 27, 2009 Wednesday

Day 5 May 29, 2009 Friday

Day 6 May 31, 2009 Sunday

Day 7 June 2, 2009 Tuesday

13 Data Capture Forms are on Appendix 6.3 on page 42

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Each of the seven days represents a day of the week to complete a week-long cycle.
Alternating shifts for sorting activities were schedule within the sampling period. The
intervening days were intended to allow drying of washed materials for the moisture
content analysis. During those times, the sorting area is free of other wastes to ensure
the integrity of the samples.

Collection of Samples

The number of samples was determined by computing the median based on the 80%
confidence level in the number of samples for plastic waste.

Table 7. Number of Samples for Waste Composition for Selected Confidence

Levels

Materia C.L. 95% C.L 90% C.L 80% C.L 70%
ls Residen Comme Residen Comme Residen Comme Residen Comme

t’l. r’l. t’l. r’l. t’l. r’l. t’l. r’l.

Newspr 224- 698- 58-600 170-991 16-150 48-223 9-58 21-101

int 2397 3563

Cardbo 899- 533-997 225-499 134-250 58-123 35-64 27-66 17-30

ard 1955

Alumin 275- 754- 70-350 191- 19-92 60-275 10-42 23-123

um 1437 4399 1100

Ferrous 194-554 552- 50-139 138-953 14-37 36-214 8-18 17-97

3411

Glass 145-619 596- 39-155 149-501 19-61 39-126 6-19 19-58

2002

Plastic 261- 422-783 67-275 107-195 18-70 28-61 10-32 14-24

1100

Organic 12-47 26-92 5-14 8-25 3-5 4-8 3-4 3-5

Source: Guidelines for Assessment of Waste Plastics, UNEP-DTIE-IETC, 2009

A total of 44 garbage truck samples within a period of seven days were distributed in a
way that represents all three districts of DPS and barangay waste collection, including
hospital waste. However, hospital waste was not included in the hand sorting
classification because of its hazardous content and instead only estimated visually. The
sample universe is 1.290 tons derived from 30 kilograms from 43 trucks (not including
the truck with hospital waste).

The study did not utilize a random numbers table to determine the truck samples. Since
there was no working truck scale at the landfill, trucks had to be pre-identified before
dispatching and sent to a private weight master for the net and gross weights. This
process had to be coordinated at three points: the dispatching area, where the truck
drivers were given a truck identification tag, the weighting area14 where the weight of
empty and loaded trucks were recorded, and the disposal area, where the identified

14 Private Weight Master is Ladisto Dausan of Rhine Marketing, Brgy. Tinago, Cebu City

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

trucks were intercepted before dumping for the team to be able to extract the required
amount of waste for each specific sample.

To determine the residential, commercial and industrial waste compositions, the
approach was to identify the DPS and barangay garbage collection site based on Cebu
City Zoning. Trucks were selected from the North and South Districts as well as the
Central Area. One truck was also taken from the DPS Task Force. Remarks on the
content of the load extracted were noted in the data capture form.

The Weight Master Summary, Table 35 can be found at Appendix D.

Actual Waste Characterization

At the side of the Inayawan Landfill, the PhilBio site was prepared and cleared to be
used as the sorting area. Designated spaces were properly labeled according to the type
and source of waste placed into them. Before the start of the first sample extraction,
needed equipments were prepared on site.15

Each identified truck, after finishing waste collection, went to the weight master to be
weighed before proceeding to the landfill.16 Upon entering the landfill, collection crew
extract a portion of the waste load from the truck. To facilitate immediate extraction of
required sample, wastes were taken from the upper, outer portion of the truck load.

Figure 2. Position of the representative sample extracted per truck

Back of SWamasAptele Front of
the truck the truck

Based on the Inayawan Waste Characterization in 2006, each garbage truck loads from
2,500 to 3,000 kg.17 During the study period, waste load range from 1,650 to 5,475 kg.
But to provide results consistent the latest WACS, the representative sample for each
truck load was pegged at 30 kilos. A 50-kilogram platform weighing scale was used to
weigh 30 kilograms of waste which were then brought to the sorting area for
characterization.

15 Appendix 6.6 on page 67 lists all the materials and equipment used during the actual characterization.
16 The truck goes back to the weight master after dumping of its load to get the net weight of the truck.
17 Cebu, MMT, CPDO and DPS, Inayawan Sanitary Landfill Waste Characterization Study, October 2006.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

The waste samples were sorted into the prescribed material categories and recorded on
FORM No.4. Wastes are classified into ten material types, Plastics 1 to 7 based on the
Plastic Identification Code18, Wood, Paper and Other Wastes. Waste plastics which are
not identified in the first six types were placed in Other Plastics category. Aside from
Plastics, Wood and Paper were specifically sorted. This is because the objective of the
study is to provide baseline data for a possible demonstration project that will convert
waste plastics into fuel. P2F conversion technologies often require the mixing of waste
plastics with waste paper and waste wood as additional feedstock.19

Materials were sorted according to the ten material types and placed into separate
labeled containers. Before weighing, the materials were checked and verified against
the Waste Classification Guide provided to the sorting crew. These are then weighed on
a five-kilogram digital weighing scale.

The accuracy and operation of the scale were checked against a known reference
weight. And since the digital scale is very sensitive and registers weight two digits on
gram, it was place on a clean, flat surface and the level of scale was adjusted when
necessary. Weighting of each material samples was done inside the PhilBio site since
even a slight movement of the tray or container from strong wind affects the weight
registered by the scale.

The materials were weighed as is, but bottles, cans and containers were emptied of their
contents before weighing. The weight of each material (wet basis) was recorded on
FORM No.2.

Presentation of Data

Data is shown in pie graphs and tables. Presentation of data starts from Plastics
(material types 1 to 7) and Other Wastes (8 to 10). Tables present data by material types
1 to 10, total Plastic (Nos. 1-7), total Other Waste (8-10) and Total Waste (100%).

In the discussion of the key findings, the quantity of waste plastics is presented in four
ways: first, the proportion of the total plastic waste against total waste composition;
second, is the proportion of Plastics (material types 1 to 7) against the total waste
composition; third is the proportion of Plastics (1 to 7) against the total number of waste
plastics. Fourth, Plastics (1-7) on three sectors: residential, industrial, and commercial.

Detailed tables culled from raw data are placed in Appendix E.

18 The Plastic Identification Code, March 20, 2009 <http://www.plastics.org.nz/_attachments/docs/plasticscode-7.pdf>
19 UNEP-DTIE,IETC, Guidelines for Assessment of Waste Plastics, 2009.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

FINDINGS

Quantities of Waste

A total of 129,055 kg (129.06 tons) with the average of 18,436 kg (18.44 tons) of
overall waste disposed at Inayawan Landfill were characterized during the seven-day
period of the study. The quantities associated with waste plastics disposed in the same
period based on the sample quantity which is 30 kg. (0.03 tons) per sample are over 159
kg (0.16 tons) and has the average of 23 kg (0.02 tons), a total of 1,290.10 kg sample
collected in the study period. Waste plastics represent approximately 12.36% (159.47
kg) while other wastes account 87.64% (1130.63 kg) for all sampling period.

Table 8 shows the aggregated data and the quantity of municipal solid waste and waste
plastics on daily samples.

Table 8. Quantity of Municipal Waste and Waste Plastics for Cebu City

Daily Samples Aggregated Data

Day-Sample MSW Waste Plastics Day MSW Waste Plastics Percentage
(%)
No. (kg) (kg) 1 (kg) (kg) 0.18
0.07
2 17905.0
0.14
1-1 3210.00 3.63 3 0 33.05 0.10
0.19
4 19640.0 0.10
0.07
1-2 2495.00 5.69 5 0 14.40 0.12
6 0.12
23260.0
7
1-3 3420.00 3.99 0 31.70
TOTAL
AVER 20260.0
AGE
1-4 2570.00 5.37 0 20.93

19045.0

1-5 2335.00 4.11 0 36.62
1-6 3875.00 10.26
7900.00 7.90

21045.0

2-1 2400.00 2.37 0 14.88

129055.

2-2 3130.00 2.84 00 159.47

18436.4

2-3 3400.00 0.20 3 22.78
2-4 2425.00 4.83
2-5 3060.00 1.41
2-6 2540.00 1.67
2-7 2685.00 1.08
3-1 3320.00 4.81
3-2 3400.00 3.49
3-3 2845.00 3.81
3-4 3300.00 4.07
3-5 3740.00 8.71
3-6 4015.00 2.72

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

3-7 2640.00 4.10
4-1 4320.00 3.29
4-2 2840.00 3.73
4-3 3450.00 3.00
4-4 3750.00 3.73
4-5 2285.00 4.00
4-6 3615.00 3.18
5-1 1650.00 2.04
5-2 2010.00 2.62
5-3 3100.00 5.14
5-4 2165.00 3.69
5-5 3395.00 11.26
5-6 2765.00 4.15
5-7 3960.00 7.71
6-1 3700.00 4.50
6-2 2150.00 0.61
6-3 2050.00 2.79
7-1 5475.00 3.98
7-2 2150.00 0.90
7-3 2225.00 1.11
7-4 4045.00 2.64
7-5 2310.00 3.46
7-6 1985.00 1.54
7-7 2855.00 1.26

Waste Composition

This report presents the results of overall waste disposed by three major waste sectors-
residential, commercial and industrial. A total of 1,290.10 kg from 43 garbage truck
samples were characterized. The results were presented in pie chart showing the
summary of waste composition and a table showing the waste type, by weight and the
precision levels at the 80% confidence level.

Due to rounding, numbers may not sum exactly to totals or subtotals.

As shown in Figure 3, comparing percentage of waste plastics (12.36%) against other
waste (87.64%) for the overall composition of waste disposed in the landfill.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Figure 3. Overall Percentage of Waste Plastics from Total Samples

Plastics,
12.36%

Other
W astes,
87.64%

Figure 4 shows the percent composition of each material type, Mixed Wastes (71.42%)
constitutes the largest amount disposed in the landfill. Some identified materials in
Mixed Wastes were organic, residues and other materials or individual materials that
are not included in the major categories. In addition, paper account for almost 14.55%
and wood (1.67%). For waste plastics against the total waste composition, PVC (5.11%)
constitutes the largest percentage for waste plastics.

In addition, paper account for almost 14.55% and wood (1.67%). For waste plastics
against the total waste composition, PVC (5.11%) constitutes the largest amount being
disposed in Inayawan. This is followed by O or Other Plastics (3.29%) and HDPE
(2.64%). While the least kind of plastics observed is LDPE with approximately 0.04%.

Table 9 shows the result of overall waste composition which combines all sectors. The
detailed overall waste composition findings are shown in Table 26.

Figure 4. Overall Waste Composition, Cebu City

M ixed PET,0.35% HDPE,2.64%
W aste, Paper,14.55% PVC,5.11%
71.42%
LDPE,0.04%
PP,0.17%
PS,0.77%

Other
Plastics,

3.29%

W ood,1.67%

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 9. Result of Overall Waste Composition, Cebu City

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
1. PET (%) 0.111105952 0.43
2. HDPE 0.35 2.58
3. PVC 2.64 4.05027381 7.71
4. LDPE 5.11 36.14726181 0.06
5. PP 0.04 0.002402619 0.23
6. PS 0.17 0.032871952 1.39
7. Other Plastics 0.77 1.180381143 4.78
8. Paper 3.29 13.88075913 19.23
9. Wood 14.55 225.1136841 5.20
10. Mixed Wastes 1.67 16.43734224 45.35
71.42 1251.139011
TOTAL PLASTIC 12.36 -
TOTAL OTHER - -
WASTE 87.64 -
TOTAL WASTE 100.00 -
-

For plastic wastes a total of 159.47 kg of sample for the overall waste stream which
combines all sectors, were characterized. In Figure 5, PVC (41.33%) commonly
represents the highest percentage disposed among other kinds of waste plastics. This is
followed by Other Plastics (26.61%) and HDPE (21.34%). Other kinds of plastics that
have significant numbers disposed were PS (6.23%), PET (2.82%), PP (1.39%), and
LDPE (0.28%), respectively.

Table 10 shows the result of overall waste plastics composition which combines all of
the sectors. The detailed findings of overall waste plastics composition are shown in
Table 27.

Figure 5. Overall Waste Plastics Composition, Cebu City

PET,2.82%

Other HDPE,21.34%
Plastics,
26.61%

PS,6.23% PVC,41.33%

PP,1.39%
LDPE,0.28%

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 10. Result of Overall Waste Plastics Composition, Cebu City

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
Plastics (%) 0.111105952 0.43
2.82 2.58
1. PET 21.34 4.05027381 7.71
2. HDPE 41.33 36.14726181 0.06
3. PVC 0.28 0.002402619 0.23
4. LDPE 1.39 0.032871952 1.39
5. PP 6.23 1.180381143 4.78
6. PS 26.61 13.88075913
7. Other Plastics -
100.00 -
TOTAL

Residential Sector

A total of 299.64 kg of waste sampled were disposed by the residential sector within the
study period. Figure 6 shows the amount of plastics that can be found in this sector
which is 19.70 kg. (6.57%) and 279.94 kg (93.43%) for other wastes.

Figure 6. Percentage of Waste Plastics from Residential Sector

Plastics,
6.57%

Other
W astes,
93.43%

Figure 7 shows the percentage of each material type against total waste disposed in the
residential sector, Mixed Wastes (86.92%) are most common waste disposed by the
residential sector. The findings suggest that almost all of the waste being disposed in the
landfill by this sector is composed of individual materials that are included in Mixed
Wastes category. It is followed closely by Paper (3.46%) and Wood (3.05%),
respectively. For Waste Plastics against the total Plastic composition, Other Plastics
(2.14%) and HDPE (2.10%) are the two most prevalent kinds of waste plastics disposed
in this sector. The amount of LDPE (0.03%) in this sector shows lesser percentage.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 11 shows the result of waste characterization in the residential sector. The
detailed findings of waste characterization in the residential sector are shown in Table
28.

Figure 7. Overview of Waste Characterization, Residential

Com position ofWaste from the ResidentialSector

M ixed Waste, PET,0.22%
86.92% HDPE,2.10%
PVC,1.27%
LDPE,0.03%
PP,0.21%

PS,0.61%

OtherPlastics,
2.14%

Paper,3.46%

W ood,3.05%

Table 11. Result of Waste Characterization, Residential

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
(%)
1. PET 0.22 0.020830571 0.19
2. HDPE 2.10 1.121476238 1.36
3. PVC 1.27 0.280928333 0.68
4. LDPE 0.03 0.000594286 0.03
5. PP 0.21 0.13
6. PS 0.61 0.011007 0.55
7. Other Plastics 2.14 0.182805571 1.17
8. Paper 3.46 0.832453571 2.70
9. Wood 3.05 4.43143681 3.34
10. Mixed Wastes 86.92 6.773364952 57.01
1977.255361
TOTAL 6.57 -
PLASTICS -
TOTAL OTHER 93.43 -
100.00 - -
WASTES -
TOTAL SAMPLE

Figure 8 shows the result of each type of waste plastics against the total plastics found
in this sector, Other Plastics (32.49%) and HDPE (31.96%) are the majority kinds of
waste plastics found in this sector. PVC (19.37%), PS (9.25%), PET (3.29%) and PP
(3.20%) also accounted greater percentage as shown in the graph. In lesser percentage,
LDPE contributes with approximately 0.45%.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 12 shows the result of waste plastics characterization in the residential sector. The
detailed findings of waste plastics characterization in the residential sector are shown in
Table 29.

Figure 8. Overview of Waste Plastics Characterization, Residential

PS,9.25% Other
Plastics,
32.49% PET,3.29%

PP,3.20%

PVC,19.37% HDPE,
LDPE,0.45% 31.96%

Table 12. Result of Waste Plastics Characterization, Residential

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
Plastics (%)
3.29 0.020830571 0.19
1. PET 31.96 1.121476238 1.36
2. HDPE 19.37 0.280928333 0.68
3. PVC 0.45 0.000594286 0.03
4. LDPE 3.20 0.13
5. PP 9.25 0.011007 0.55
6. PS 32.49 0.182805571 1.17
7. Other Plastics 0.832453571
100.00 -
TOTAL SAMPLE -

Commercial Sector

A total of 989.90 kg of wastes sample disposed in the commercial sector. As shown in
Figure 9, waste plastics in this sector approximately constitute 14.00% (138.56 kg.) and
86.00% (851.34 kg.) for Other Waste, respectively.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Figure 9. Percentage of Waste Plastics from Commercial sector

Plastics,
14.00%

Other
W astes,
86.00%

The result shows the proportion of each material type against the total waste disposed in
commercially identified areas. Similar to residential, Figure 10 shows mixed wastes
contribute the largest percentage with 66.95%. Other materials such as Paper (17.52%)
and Wood (1.54%) also contribute to the waste disposed by the sector. For Waste
Plastics against the total waste composition, PVC (6.20%) shows highest percentage
among other kinds of plastics while Other Plastics was at 3.62%) and HDPE at 2.79%.

Table 13 shows the result of waste characterization in the commercial sector. The
detailed findings of waste characterization in the commercial sector are shown in Table
30.

Figure 10. Overview of Waste Characterization, Commercial

Com position ofDisposed Waste from the Com m ercialSector

PET,0.38% HDPE,2.79%

M ixed Waste, PVC,6.20%
66.95% LDPE,0.05%

PP,0.17%
PS,0.78%
OtherPlastics,

3.62%

Paper,17.52%

W ood,1.54%

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 13. Result of Waste Characterization, Commercial

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
Plastics (%)
0.38 0.137418143 0.48
1. PET 2.79 5.148719476 2.91
2. HDPE 6.20 39.69295148 8.08
3. PVC 0.05 0.002402619 0.06
4. LDPE 0.17 0.057852667 0.31
5. PP 0.78 1.112313667 1.35
6. PS 3.62 16.50551131 5.21
7. Other Plastics 17.52 260.1989228 20.68
8. Paper 1.54 5.366202571 2.97
9. Wood 66.95 1290.594232 46.06
10. Other Wastes 14.00
TOTAL PLASTIC - -
86.00
TOTAL OTHER 100.00 - -
WASTE - -
TOTAL

Unlike in the residential sector, it was observed that a larger volume of plastics are
disposed in the commercial sector with a total of 138.56 kg. Figure 11 shows that the
most abundant kinds of plastic found in commercial sector is PVC with 44.30%
approximately. This is followed by Other Plastics (25.89%) and HDPE (19.90%). Other
waste plastics in the sector are PS (5.61%), PET (2.73%), PP (1.23%) and LDPE
(0.33%).

Table 14 shows the result of waste plastics characterization in the commercial sector.
The detailed findings of waste plastics characterization in the commercial sector are
shown in Table 31.

Figure 11. Overview of Waste Plastics Characterization, Commercial

PET,2.73%

OtherPlastics, HDPE,19.90%
25.89%

PS,5.61% PVC,44.30%

PP,1.23%
LDPE,0.33%

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 14. Result of Waste Plastics Characterization, Commercial

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
Plastics (%)
2.73 0.137418143 0.48
1. PET 19.90 5.148719476 2.91
2. HDPE 44.30 39.69295148 8.08
3. PVC 0.33 0.002402619 0.06
4. LDPE 1.23 0.057852667 0.31
5. PP 5.61 1.112313667 1.35
6. PS 25.89 16.50551131 5.21
7. Other Plastics
TOTAL SAMPLE 100.00 - -

Industrial Sector

A total of 249.06 kg of wastes are disposed in the industrial sector, based on the study
samples. Figure 12 shows 7.69% (18.47 kg) Waste Plastics disposed by this sector and
92.31% (221.59 kg) were Other Wastes.

Figure 12. Percentage of Waste Plastics from Industrial sector

Plastics,
7.69%

Other
W astes,
92.31%

Similar results from residential and commercial sectors suggest that other wastes
(83.66%) contribute the highest percentage of waste disposed in the sector as shown in
Figure 13. Paper (7.37%) and wood (1.27%) also in significant amount of waste being
observed. For waste plastics against the total waste composition HDPE (2.49%), PVC
(2.30%) and Other Plastics (2.04%) can be considered as the three major contributors of
waste plastics in the sector. Similar to other sectors, LDPE contribute the least amount
with 0.01% approximately.

Table 15 shows the result of waste characterization in the industrial sector. The detailed
findings of waste characterization in the industrial sector are shown in Table 32.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Figure 13. Overview of Waste Characterization, Industrial

Composition of Waste from the Industrial Sector

M ixed Waste, PET,0.31%
83.66% HDPE,2.49%

PVC,2.30%
LDPE,0.01%

PP,0.08%
PS,0.47%
OtherPlastics,
2.04%

Paper,7.37%

W ood,1.27%

Table 15. Result of Waste Characterqization, Industrial

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
(%)
1. PET 0.31 0.019256143 0.18
2. HDPE 2.49 0.415169333 0.83
3. PVC 2.30 0.305913619 0.71
4. LDPE 0.01 0.01
5. PP 0.08 0.000047 0.05
6. PS 0.47 0.001478286 0.19
7. Other Plastics 2.04 0.021305952 0.84
8. Paper 7.37 0.414956571 2.61
9. Wood 1.27 4.132825333 0.76
10. Mixed 0.354101571
Wastes 83.66 30.19
554.5747431
TOTAL 7.69 -
PLASTICS -
TOTAL OTHER 92.31 -
-
WASTES 100.00 -
TOTAL -

SAMPLE

For the industrial sector, a total of 18.47 kg of Waste Plastics was observed. The result
shows that HDPE (32.37%) has the highest percentage of waste plastics found in the
sector as shown in Figure 14. This was followed by PVC and other plastics with
29.85% and the latter 26.52%, respectively. Other waste plastics accounted for are PS
(6.05%), PET (3.97%), PP (1.08%) and LDPE (0.15%).

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 16 shows the result of waste plastics characterization in the industrial sector. The
detailed findings of waste plastics characterization in the industrial sector are shown in
Table 33.

Figure 14. Overview of Waste Plastics Characterization, Industrial

PS,6.05% PET,3.97%
PP,1.08%
OtherPlastics,
LDPE,0.15% 26.52%

HDPE,32.37%

PVC,29.85%

Table 16. Result of Waste Plastics Characterization, Industrial

Types of Waste Percentage Variance +/-
Plastics (%)
3.97 0.019256143 0.18
1. PET 32.37 0.415169333 0.83
2. HDPE 29.85 0.305913619 0.71
3. PVC 0.15 0.01
4. LDPE 1.08 0.000047 0.05
5. PP 6.05 0.001478286 0.19
6. PS 26.52 0.021305952 0.84
7. Other Plastics 0.414956571
100.00 -
TOTAL SAMPLE -

Aggregate Data

Table 17 shows aggregated data on disposed waste of all sectors and the total amount of
sample which is 1,529.60 kg, 11.55% (176.73 kg) account for Plastic Wastes and
88.45% (1352.87 kg) for Other Wastes. The total amount for this data is higher than the
total amount of actual waste sample. This is because there are samples coming from
residential are also taken as sample for industrial and commercial since the sample areas
include two or all of the sectors.

Result shows that from three sectors, the highest amount of waste disposed was
contributed by the commercial sector. Moreover, large amount of waste plastics were
also observed in the commercial sector. In this sector, PVC is the highest waste plastics
found, followed by other plastics and HDPE. For residential sector, HDPE and other

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

plastics were commonly found. While in the residential sector, PVC and HDPE are the
majority of waste plastics found. LDPE was the kind of waste plastics being disposed in
a lesser amount found in all sectors. The most common waste plastics observed when
combining all sectors is PVC, followed by Other Plastics, HDPE and PS.

Table 17. Aggregated Data on Disposed Waste of All Sectors

Types of Waste Residential Commercial Industrial Total
1. PET 0.65 3.79 0.73 5.17
2. HDPE 6.30 27.58 5.98 39.85
3. PVC 3.82 61.38 5.51 70.71
4. LDPE 0.09 0.45 0.03 0.57
5. PP 0.63 1.71 0.20 2.54
6. PS 1.82 7.77 1.12 10.71
7. Other Plastics 6.40 35.88 4.90 47.17
8. Paper 10.37 17.70 201.46
9. Wood 9.14 173.40 3.05 27.44
10. Mixed 15.24
Wastes 260.44 200.84 1123.98
662.70
TOTAL 19.70 18.47 176.73
PLASTICS 138.56
TOTAL OTHER 279.94 221.59 1352.87
851.34
WASTES 299.64 240.06 1529.60
TOTAL 989.90

SAMPLE

Similar results suggest that from commercial sector, relatively high amount of non-
hazardous waste and waste plastics were disposed in the landfill per day as shown in
Table 18. Industrial sector and the residential sector also contributed significant amount
of both non-hazardous and waste plastics being disposed everyday in the landfill.

Table 18. Solid Waste Generation in Cebu City

Sector Estimated Ratio Estimated kg (per day)
(% kg)
Residential 23.23 Non-Hazardous Waste Plastics
Commercial 76.73
Industrial 18.61 13.35 2.81

121.62 19.79

31.66 2.64

Moisture Content

The moisture content analysis is important in converting waste plastics to fuel. It is
essential to consider the factors contributed by collection sites and transportation as well
as weather conditions because these might affect moisture content of a given material.
Within the study period, rainy days were observed. Although there were no heavy rains

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

during the sampling period, still this factor was noted as it can lead to high moisture
content of waste plastics in a particular sampling day/s.

Table 19. Raw Weight and Moisture Content of Collected MSW in Cebu City

Types of Waste Raw Weight (kg) Moisture Content, Dry Weight (kg)
MC (%)
1. PET 4.51 1.76 4.43
2. HDPE 34.03 8.74 31.05
3. PVC 65.91 4.59 62.89
4. LDPE 0.45 0.46 0.45
5. PP 2.22 1.70 2.18
6. PS 9.93 4.28 9.51
7. Other Plastics 42.43 7.15 39.40
8. Paper 187.69 -
9. Wood 21.51 - -
10. Mixed Wastes 921.43 - -
159.47 - -
TOTAL PLASTICS 149.91
TOTAL OTHER 1130.63 -
WASTES 1290.10 - -
-
TOTAL SAMPLE

The average moisture content of all plastics disposed during the sampling period is
4.10%. Figure 15 shows the result of moisture content analysis for seven types of waste
plastics during the study period.

HDPE (8.74%) shows highest moisture content among waste plastics. This is followed
by Other Plastics (7.15%), PVC (4.59%) and PS (4.28%). Moisture content of PET
(1.76%), PP (1.70%) and LDPE (0.46%) also shows relevant amount of moisture in a
waste plastic material. Table 20 shows the result of moisture content analysis of the
seven types of waste plastics.

Figure 15. Moisture Content Analysis of Waste Plastics

10.0 8.74%
9.0
8.0 7.15%
7.0
% M oisture 6.0 4.59% 4.28%
5.0
4.0 1.70%
3.0
0.46%
1.76%
2.0 HDPE PVC LDPE PP PS Other
1.0
0.0

PET

Types ofWaste Plastics Plastics

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 20. Results for Moisture Content Analysis

Types of Waste Day 1 Day 2 % Moisture Day 6 Day 7 Average
Plastics 1.73 0.23 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 2.55 1.80
9.04 7.00 2.75 0.80 2.47 9.79 9.19 1.76
1. PET 4.28 2.98 7.59 8.27 10.28 3.11 5.98 8.74
2. HDPE 1.19 0.00 3.10 8.02 4.64 0.00 0.00 4.59
3. PVC 4.71 0.27 0.40 1.09 0.52 1.27 0.62 0.46
4. LDPE 5.72 0.82 1.85 1.49 1.71 3.04 4.47 1.70
5. PP 8.27 5.41 4.47 5.27 6.16 6.66 7.00 4.28
6. PS 5.98 7.97 8.77 7.15
7. Other Plastics 4.99 2.39 3.77 4.15
3.73 4.70 4.94 4.10
OVER-ALL
AVERAGE

Table 21. Raw Weight and Moisture Content of Collected MSW in Cebu City

Types of Waste Raw Weight (kg) Moisture Content, Dry Weight
MC (%) (kg)
1. PET 4.51 1.76 4.43
2. HDPE 34.03 8.74 31.05
3. PVC 65.91 4.59 62.89
4. LDPE 0.45 0.46 0.45
5. PP 2.22 1.70 2.18
6. PS 9.93 4.28 9.51
7. Other Plastics 42.43 7.15 39.40
8. Paper 187.69 - -
9. Wood 21.51 - -
10. Mixed Wastes 921.43 - -

TOTAL 159.47 - 149.91
PLASTICS
TOTAL OTHER 1130.63 - -
1290.10 - -
WASTES
TOTAL SAMPLE

Waste Composition

Table 22 shows the waste composition based on Phyllis20: the composition of biomass
and waste. In addition, the weight of material while still wet was also recorded to
compare the weight of material after drying. The result suggests that PVC followed by
other plastics and HDPE were the kind of waste plastics with the highest moisture
content when disposed compared to other waste plastics.

20 ECN Phyllis, The Composition of Biomass and Waste, June 1, 2009, <http://www.ecn.nl/phyllis/>

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Table 22. Typical Data of Waste Composition for Cebu City

Wet Dry Composition

Types of Waste Weight Weight C H O N S Ash
(kg) (kg)

1. PET 4.51 4.43 62.2 4.2 32.9 - - 0.7

2. HDPE 34.03 31.05 86.1 13 0.9 - - -

3. PVC 65.91 62.89 40.1 5.1 0.6 - - -

4. LDPE 0.45 0.45 85.7 14.2 0.1 0.05 - -

5. PP 2.22 2.18 85.5 14.3 0.2 - - 0.1

6. PS 9.93 9.51 92.7 7.9 - - - -

7. Other

Plastics 42.43 39.40 - - - - - -

8. Paper 187.69 - ------

9. Wood 21.51 - ------

10. Other

Waste 921.43 - ------

TOTAL

PLASTICS 159.47 149.91 - - - - - -

TOTAL

OTHER

WASTE 1130.63 - ------

TOTAL

SAMPLE 1290.10 - ------

Table 23. Difference between Clean and Unclean Waste Plastics

Types of Plastic Unclean, kg Clean, kg
1. PET 4.51 4.24
2. HDPE 34.03 31.03
3. PVC 65.91 63.61
4. LDPE 0.45 0.44
5. PP 2.22 2.16
6. PS 9.93 9.40
7. Other Plastic 42.43 38.54
149.42
TOTAL PLASTICS 159.47

Waste Projection

For a given population in a particular year and the percentage annual average growth
rate, we can calculate the projection for the succeeding years. According to the City
Profile 2008, population grows at the rate of 1.77%. Using 2007 NSO data of 798, 809
population multiplied by the growth rate of 1.77% added to the population of the given
year will give the projected population for the next year. This process is repeated for the
succeeding years.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

Based on the Inayawan Waste Characterization Study 2006, it is assumed that as of
2005 each person is generating 187.10 kg of waste in a year. World Bank’s Philippine
Environment Monitor 2001 assumed that the urban population would generate one
percent (1%) increase in waste generation per year. Based on these factors, waste
projection for the next year can be computed by multiplying 1% (.01) to the waste
generation and the product is added to the base waste generation for the given year.
Since that is the rate for each person per year, then we can simply multiply it to the total
population of its corresponding year.

Based on projections, Cebu City will reach the one million mark in population for year
2020 and by that time will generate 217,997 tons of waste per year, about 70% increase
from its 2007 waste generation.

Table 24 Projected Population and Waste Generation 2007-2020

Year Projected Projected Waste
2007 Populationa (T/Yr.)cd

798, 809b 152, 461

2008 812, 948ab 156, 712

2009 827, 337 161, 083

2010 841, 981 165, 576

2011 856, 884 170, 194

2012 872, 051 174, 942

2013 887, 486 179, 822

2014 903, 195 184, 839

2015 919, 182 189, 995

2016 935, 452 195, 292

2017 952, 010 200, 736

2018 968, 861 206, 333

2019 986, 010 212, 085

2020 1, 003, 462 217, 997

a – Cebu City growth rate as of year 2000 is 1.77% based on

Cebu City Profile 2008

b - Cebu City population based on the NSO 2007 Census

c - 187.10 kg. waste generation/person/year according to the

Cebu Inayawan 2006

d - Waste generation increase at 1% per year based on the

Philippine Environment Monitor 2001

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

The amount of waste plastics that the city currently disposes to the Inayawan Landfill is
at 12.36% of the total waste being disposed. If the city will generate a total 161,083 tons
of waste this year based on projection figures, the total waste plastics to be disposed for
the year will be approximately 19,910 tons. Wood at 2,690 tons (1.67%) and paper at
23,438 tons (14.55%) as additional feedstock for a P2F conversion facility. Total is
46,038 tons or approximately 3,837 tons of available materials a month.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)
Figure 16. Informal Waste Recovery in Cebu City

This old woman picks wastes on early mornings. Tri-sikad used for collected waste
plastics.

Average moisture for waste plastics content is at 4.10%, as opposed to the total
moisture content for all waste disposed at 38.57% based on the Inayawan Study.

According to the Inayawan Study, the disposed waste has an average loose density of
0.101 kg/L and average bulk density of 0.311 kg/L. The loose density figure indicates
that approximately 0.101 kg of incompact waste could be accommodated into a 1-liter
volume. This could be increased to 0.311 kg if compacted into the same volume. This
means that an additional of 0.21 kg of waste could be added to 0.101 kg of incompact
waste for every 1-liter volume.21 Although these figures are important for the Inayawan
Study in its objective to see how the landfill’s lifespan could be extended, these figures
are as significant in this plastic waste to fuels baseline study because transport and
recovery of wastes will be an important factor in implementing the demonstration
project.

Plastic waste recovery in the city is not included in the study. Based on observations,
there is no formal plastic waste recovery system in the city, except for several industries

21 Cebu, MMT, CPDO and DPS, Inayawan Sanitary Landfill Waste Characterization Study, October 2006.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

and commercial establishments that manage their own waste. Informally, however,
there are several levels of recovery (Figure 16). This includes segregation at source
where recyclables are either bought by individual buyers, picked up by scavengers from
along the streets or at the disposal site, and the practice of waste collection crew to
separate materials they can sell. For a detailed discussion on these practices, please see
Activity II-2 Report on Plastic Wastes Management Systems and Practices for Cebu
City.
A further study focusing on waste recovery and diversion systems would further shed
light on how much waste plastics the city generates in different sectors. This study
should also include markets for plastics and costs of different plastic waste materials.
As for the City, a stricter enforcement of solid waste management laws and local
ordinances is needed so that recyclable waste plastics, as well as other materials, will be
diverted to environment-friendly projects such as a P2F facility.

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study Project. Activity II-1:
Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu City, Philippines”

(From the Appendix of the Cebu Waste Plastic Report) Detailed

Table 25. Characterization of the Overall Waste Stream.

Weight of Waste per Classification,

Types of

Waste

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day

1. PET 0.58 0.15 1.16 0.82 0.59

2. HDPE 5.86 5.21 7.28 5.89 5.35

3. PVC 18.60 6.44 9.79 4.80 16.94

4. LDPE 0.07 0.03 0.12 0.12 0.09

5. PP 0.49 0.22 0.63 0.34 0.22

6. PS 1.50 0.20 1.27 1.89 3.40

7. Other

Plastics 5.94 2.17 11.45 7.07 10.04

TOTAL

PLASTICS 33.05 14.40 31.70 20.93 36.62

8. Paper 31.95 20.14 54.27 15.90 35.53

9. Wood 2.05 0.43 2.58 11.90 1.31

10. Mixed

Wastes 113.10 175.03 121.46 131.27 136.3

TOTAL

OTHER

WASTES 147.1 195.6 178.31 159.07 173.1

TOTAL

SAMPLE 180.15 210.00 210.00 180.00 209.7

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

d Waste Characterization Tables

, kg Total Waste
per
5 Day 6 Day 7 Percentage Variance +/-
9 0.37 0.83 Classification, (%)
5 1.19 3.25 kg 0.111105952 0.43
4 4.08 5.27 0.35 4.05027381 2.58
9 0.00 0.02 4.51 2.64 7.71
2 0.17 0.15 34.03 5.11 36.14726181 0.06
0 0.23 1.44 65.91 0.04 0.002402619 0.23
0.17 0.032871952 1.39
4 1.86 3.91 0.45 0.77 1.180381143
2.22 4.78
2 7.90 14.88 9.93
3 10.00 19.89 -
1 42.43 3.29 13.88075913 19.23
0.03 3.22
30 159.47 12.36 - 5.20
72.27 172.01 187.69 14.55 225.1136841
21.51 1.67 16.43734224 45.35

921.43 71.42 1251.139011

13 82.3 195.12 1130.63 87.64 - -
75 90.20 210.00 1290.10 100.00 - -

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Table 26. Characterization of Waste Plastics of the Overall Was

Weight of Waste Plastics per Classific

Types of Waste

Plastics

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

1. PET 0.58 0.15 1.16 0.82 0.59

2. HDPE 5.86 5.21 7.28 5.89 5.35

3. PVC 18.60 6.44 9.79 4.80 16.94

4. LDPE 0.07 0.03 0.12 0.12 0.09

5. PP 0.49 0.22 0.63 0.34 0.22

6. PS 1.50 0.20 1.27 1.89 3.40

7. Other

Plastics 5.94 2.17 11.45 7.07 10.04

TOTAL 33.05 14.40 31.70 20.93 36.62
SAMPLE

Table 27. Residential Waste Characterization Result

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

ste Stream. Total Waste
cation, kg per

Day 6 Day 7 Classification, Percentage Variance +/-
0.37 0.83 kg (%)
1.19 3.25 0.111105952 0.43
4.08 5.27 4.51 2.82 4.05027381 2.58
0.00 0.02 34.03 21.34 7.71
0.17 0.15 65.91 41.33 36.14726181 0.06
0.23 1.44 0.45 0.28 0.002402619 0.23
2.22 1.39 0.032871952 1.39
1.86 3.91 9.93 6.23 1.180381143
4.78
7.90 14.88 42.43 26.61 13.88075913 -
159.47 100.00 -

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Weight of Waste per Classification

Types of Waste Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

1. PET 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.32 0.00
0.00 2.79 0.00 1.39 0.00
2. HDPE 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.92 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00
3. PVC 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.26 0.00
0.00 0.14 0.00 1.19 0.00
4. LDPE 0.00 1.23 0.00 2.15 0.00
0.00 5.54 0.00 6.30 0.00
5. PP 0.00 0.34 0.00 2.00 0.00
0.00 0.24 0.00 7.00 0.00
6. PS 0.00 113.89 0.00 44.70 0.00
7. Other
Plastics 0.00 114.46 0.00 53.7 0.00

TOTAL
PLASTICS
8. Paper

9. Wood
10. MIxed
Wastes

TOTAL
OTHER
WASTE

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

n, kg Day 7 Total Waste Percenta Varianc +/-
Day 6 per ge (%) e
0.28 0.19
0.00 1.54 Classification 0.22 0.02083 1.36
0.59 1.06 , kg 2.10 0571 0.68
0.68 0.02 0.65 1.27 0.03
0.00 0.05 0.03 1.12147 0.13
0.13 0.33 6.30 0.21 6238 0.55
0.16 1.78 0.61 1.17
1.24 5.06 3.82 2.14 0.28092
2.80 5.69 6.57 8333 -
2.34 1.87 0.09 3.46 2.70
0.03 77.37 3.05 0.00059 3.34
24.48 0.63 86.92 4286 57.01
84.93
26.85 1.82 0.01100 -
7
6.40
0.18280
19.70 5571

10.37 0.83245
3571
9.14
-
260.44
4.43143
279.94 93.43 681

6.77336
4952

1977.25
5361

-

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

TOTAL 0.00 120.00 0.00 60.00 0.00
SAMPLE

Table 28. Residential Waste Plastics Characterization Result.

Weight of Waste Plastics per Classific

Types of Waste
Plastics

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

1. PET 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.32 0.00

2. HDPE 0.00 2.79 0.00 1.39 0.00

3. PVC 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.92 0.00

4. LDPE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00

5. PP 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.26 0.00

6. PS 0.00 0.14 0.00 1.19 0.00

7. Other Plastics 0.00 1.23 0.00 2.15 0.00
TOTAL 0.00 5.54 0.00 6.30 0.00

SAMPLE

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

29.64 90.00 299.64 100.00 - -

cation, kg Day 7 Total Waste Percenta Varianc +/-
0.28 per ge (%) e
Day 6 1.54 0.19
0.00 1.06 Classification 3.29 0.02083 1.36
0.59 0.02 , kg 31.96 0571 0.68
0.68 0.05 19.37 0.03
0.00 0.33 0.65 0.45 1.12147 0.13
0.13 1.78 3.20 6238 0.55
0.16 5.07 6.30 9.25 1.17
1.24 32.49 0.28092
2.79 3.82 100.00 8333 -

0.09 0.00059
4286
0.63
0.01100
1.82 7

6.40 0.18280
5571
19.70
0.83245
3571

-

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu

Table 29. Commercial Waste Characterization Result.

Weight of Waste per Classificatio

Types of Waste

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

1. PET 0.58 0.13 1.16 0.74 0.59

2. HDPE 5.86 2.89 7.28 3.78 4.84

3. PVC 18.60 5.70 9.79 3.52 16.12

4. LDPE 0.07 0.03 0.12 0.12 0.09

5. PP 0.49 0.04 0.63 0.32 0.11

6. PS 1.50 0.06 1.27 0.66 3.14

7. Other Plastics 5.94 1.31 11.45 5.07 9.11
TOTAL 33.04 10.15 31.7 14.21 34.00

PLASTICS

8. Paper 31.95 20.14 54.27 13.60 32.04

9. Wood 2.05 0.20 2.58 6.90 1.17
10. Mixed 113.10 119.52 121.46 85.30 112.55
Wastes 147.10 139.86 178.30 105.80 145.75

TOTAL
OTHER

Extracted from the report “Converting Waste Plastics to Fuels – Baseline Study
City, Philippines”

Plastic Waste Quantification and Characterization – Cebu (2009)

on, kg Day 7 Total Waste Percenta Varianc +/-
0.52 per ge (%) e
Day 6 2.43 0.48
0.07 4.38 Classification 0.38 0.13741 2.91
0.50 0.02 , kg 2.79 8143 8.08
3.28 0.12 6.20 0.06
0.00 1.07 3.79 0.05 5.14871 0.31
0.01 2.43 0.17 9476 1.35
0.07 27.58 0.78 5.21
0.57 3.62 39.6929
61.38 5148

0.45 0.00240
2619
1.71
0.05785
7.77 2667

35.88 1.11231
3667

16.5055
1131

4.50 10.96 138.56 14.00 - -
6.00 15.40 173.40 17.52 260.198 20.68
0.00 2.35 15.24 2.97
19.50 91.28 662.70 1.54 9228 46.06
66.95 5.36620

2571
1290.59

4232

25.5 109.03 851.34 86.00 - -

Project. Activity II-1: Plastic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study-A. Cebu