International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
InConSET 2016
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and
Technology
Conference Program & Abstracts
Holiday Inn
Melaka, Malaysia
29 September 2016
http://inconset2016.com
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FOREWORD FROM DIRECTOR GENERAL,
DEPARTMENT OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION,
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, MALAYSIA
This conference is organized by Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
(PSA) and co-hosted with Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), and Concrete Society Malaysia (CSM). It is
a great pleasure to organize Conference on Sustainable Engineering and
Technology 2016 (InConSET 2016). The InConSET 2016 concentrates on the
dissemination of current research and development, formulation of policies and
emerging issues and technologies that are happening in the country and around the
world.
I am deeply indebted to the top management of PSA who have constantly and
relevantly driven the research community to achieve a tremendous increase in
research activities and outputs. Hopefully this conference will bring a fruitful
discussion and nurturing the collaboration amongst the regional and global
engineers, scientists and practitioners.
Finally, I would like to thank all keynote speakers, invited speakers and paper
contributors who have willingly spent too much of their valuable time to address
this conference. Many thanks are also extended to the conference organizing
committee for their efforts in ensuring the success of this conference.
Thank you
DATUK HJ MOHLIS BIN JAAFAR
Director General,
Department of Polytechnic Education,
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FOREWORD FROM THE ADVISOR'S DESK
InConSET 2016
Welcome to the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering &
Technology 2016 (InConSET 2016). I would like to express my sincere and
profound congratulations to committee in coordinating the International
Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Technology 2016. The objective of
this conference is to provide a platform for changing an ideas and share of
knowledge with regard to sustainable engineering and technology. The InConSET
2016 offers opportunities for researcher, academicians, practitioners and research
students to share their research findings, theoretical and empirical.
Hence, this conference is timely as the congregation of great minds hoped to
generate ideas, enhance experience and most importantly inspire others to
optimize technology-able innovations to spearhead the culture of education
excellence in our nation and beyond.
I would like to convey my greatest appreciation to all keynote speakers, authors,
reviewers and session chairpersons for making InConSET 2016 conference
success. Hopefully InConSET 2016 creates a meaningful event through social
networking and intellectual discourse throughout the conference.
Thank you
HJ TAJUDDIN BIN ABDUL RASHID
Director of Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FOREWORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN
I am very grateful that the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering &
Technology 2016 (InConSET 2016) is convened today to gather more than fifty
speakers presenting papers pertaining to the field of engineering and technology.
InConSET 2016 is a platform for scientists, researchers and engineers to share
their knowledge and experiences in creating sustainable and environmental
friendly world for the present and the future.
The InConSET2016 theme, 'Techology for Future Sustainability' indicates that the
needs to prepare the world for future generation to continue the responsibility to
make the world a better place to live. It is the desire of all populations and
generations that mankind will continue to exist and lead the world. Thus, it is our
duty to ensure that we conduct the necessary steps towards sustainability of the
world in whatever discipline and role that we have.
I would like to congratulate and thanked all the InConSET2016 committee
members for their hard work and diligence. I would like to thank, especially the
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia (UTHM) and Concrete Society of Malaysia (CSM) for their full support
in organizing and managing the conference. It is always hoped that this conference
will be organized in the future with a more exciting theme to be discussed and
shared by all parties.
Lastly, I also would like to thank all the keynote speakers, authors, especially
international participants from countries such as Slovakia, Colombia, Singapore,
Indonesia and India who are willing to spend their valuable time with us in
Melaka, Malaysia.
DR ROKIMAH MOHAMAD
Chairman of InConSET2016
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
ADVISORY BOARD
Prof. Dr. Hamidah Mohd Saman
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Concrete Society Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Concrete Society Malaysia
Prof. Ir. Dr. Resdiansyah Mansyur
Polytechnic Engineering Indorama, West Java, Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Raja Suzana Raja Kasim
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abd Halid Abdullah
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainal Abidin Akasah
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Asst. Prof Ir. Deprizon Syamsunur
UCSI Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Dr. Anizahyati Alisibramulisi
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Dr. Sasitharan Nagapan
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Concrete Society Malaysia
Dr. Rohana Hassan
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Concrete Society Malaysia
Dr. Rafikullah Deraman
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Dr. Riduan Yunus
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
Dr. Tailat Ola Yusof
Federal Polytechnic, Ede Osun State Nigeria
Dr. Anna Antonyova
University of Presov, Slovak Republic
Dr. Muhamad Nazri Borhan
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Dr. Mariah Awang
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
EDITORIAL BOARD
Prof. Dr. Ismail Abdul Rahman (Editor-in-Chief)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Dr. Rohana Hassan
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Dr. Sasitharan Nagapan
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
ORGANIZING COMMITEE
Patrons
Datuk Hj. Mohlis Jaafar
Director General
Department of Polytechnic Education
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
Dr. Abdul Rahim Ahmad
Director
Polytechnic Research and Innovation Centre
Dr. Saifuddin Kumar Abdullah
Chief Deputy Director Reseacrh Unit
Polytechnic Research and Innovation Centre
Advisor
Tn. Hj. Tajuddin Abdul Rashid
Director
Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
Chairman
Dr. Rokimah Mohamad
Deputy Chairman 1 Deputy Chairman 2
Dr. Sasitharan Nagapan Dr. Rohana Hassan
Program Director 1 Program Director 2
Zarinah Zaini Jasni Mohd Noor
Secretary 1 Secretary 2
Haliawaity Yaman Nur Hazlina Lamli
Treasurer 1 Treasurer 1
Sarina Talib Zurina Safee
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
STEERING COMMITEE PROGRAMME BOOK
Siti Salwana Mohd Nawayai
TECHNICAL Maswira Mahasan
Bibie Sara Salleh
Ainul Haezah Noruzman CERTIFICATE
Yusnita Yusof Mariam Abdullah
Daliela Ishamuddin
WEB
Samlisman Choi Weng SOUVENIR
Hamdi Mawardi Rafidah Farah Hanim Abd Razak
Mohd Firdaus Sedet Nurin Hafilah Hamzah
PROMOTION DU’A
Nazrizam Ab Wahab Abu Hasan Sazili Abbas
Jamilah Hj Abbas
Herliana Hassan
Rahayu Hayat
Khasniza Abd Karim
Darni Mohamed Yusoff
INVITATION FOR VIP
Rohaza Majid
Norshahanis Hashim
REGISTRATION
Arduniwati Ahmad
Norliza Md Jahid
Mariani Ayu Omar
Enarneynaney Ibrahim
SESSION CHAIR
Dr Mohd Elias Daud
Dr Aziam Mustafa
Dr Fadhilah Mohd Nor
Rozimah Tahir
LOGISTIC
Hazlan Abdullah
SPONSORSHIP
Azizi Mursidy Zainol Abidin
Sarah Afzan Abd Karim
PHOTOGRAPHER & VIDEO
Mior Afiq Mior Wahididdin
Mohd Azrin Baharudin
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
KEYNOTE 1
“Entrepreneurship, Engineering and Technology for Sustainable
Construction in Future”
PROFESSOR GEORGE OFORI
National University of Singapore
Biography:
Dr. Ofori is a Professor at the National University of Singapore (NUS). In 1981, he
obtained his Ph.D. and in 1998 he received his D.Sc. from the University of London,
UK. He has published more than 200 articles in journals and conferences. He is a
Fellow of several international construction industry professional bodies, such as the
Chartered Institute of Building, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, the
Society of Project Managers, and the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. Dr
Ofori’s main research interests include continuous improvement of the construction
industry, sustainable construction and construction human resource development.
Formerly a Senior Quantity Surveyor at G.A. Takyi & Partners, Accra, Ghana, Head
of Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, NUS and Co-
ordinator of Working Commission 107 of International Council for Research and
Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) on Construction in Developing
Countries, Dr Ofori also serves as a consultant to international agencies and
governments on construction industry development, and construction management
and economics, undertaking assignments in Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Singapore,
South Africa, Swaziland and Tanzania.
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
KEYNOTE 2
“Green Building: Does it Matter?”
ASSOC. PROF. DR. ABD HALID ABDULLAH
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Biography:
Abd Halid Abdullah is an Associate Professor at the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia (UTHM). Halid studied Bachelor’s degree in Architecture from the
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA and Master’s degree in
Building Technology from the University of Science Malaysia, Penang. In 2007, he
received his Ph.D. in Construction from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK. His main research interest is in green building design particularly in
relation to low energy building in warm and humid tropical climate, thermal comfort
in built environments, and building/system thermal performance modelling. His
most recent research activities includes construction project management focusing
on investigating the causative factors of construction project cost overrun, and also
assessing and mitigating cost overrun utilizing Decision Support System (DSS).
Apart from being an academician and researcher, Halid also served as the Director,
Development and Property Management Office (PPH), UTHM from 16th Sept. 2011
until 31st May 2013. During his tenure as the PPH Director, he had successfully
managed and supervised the construction of several new buildings in UTHM campus
including Sultan Ibrahim Mosque, Sultan Ibrahim Convocation Hall, Faculty of
Technology Management and Business Complex, and Faculty of Civil and
Environmental Engineering Complex. Since 1st June 2013, he has been appointed as
the Dean of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UTHM.
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
CONFERENCE PROGRAM
Date : 29th September 2016
Venue : Holiday Inn, Melaka, Malaysia
08.00 – 08.45 Registration
8.45 – 11.30
11.30 – 12.00 Parallel Session 1
Function Room 1, Function Room 2, Function Room 3, Function
12.00 – 12.45 Room 4 & Presential Suite
12.45 – 14.00 Opening Ceremony
14.00 – 14.45 Dato’ Prof Dr Mohd Idrus Hj. Mohd Masirin
President, Malaysian Association Academic Congress (MAAC)
14.45 – 17.00 Straits Ballroom West
Keynote Speech 1
Prof George Ofori
National University of Singapore
“Green Building Is Not Enough”
Straits Ballroom West
Lunch
Keynote Speech 2
Assoc Prof Dr Abd. Halid Abdullah
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
“Green Building Does It Matter”
Straits Ballroom West
Parallel Session 2
Function Room 1, Function Room 2, Function Room 3, Function
Room 4 & Presential Suite
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FUNCTION ROOM 1
SESSION CHAIR: DR. ROKIMAH MOHAMAD
NO TIME SESSION TITLE
1 0930 - 0950 Effect of Crumb Rubber on the Fresh
Properties of Mortar and Concrete
A Theoretical Review of the Major Factors
2 0950 - 1010 Causing Cost Overrun in Malaysian
SESSION 1 Construction Projects
3 1010 - 1030 Risk Factors for Design and Build Projects in
Malaysia - Project Manager's Perception
4 1030 - 1050 An Overview of Bacteria Concrete on the
5 1050 - 1110 Durability of Concrete in Aggressive
6 1445 - 1505 Environment
Contractors' Perspective on Material Waste
Reduction in Kuala Lumpur
A Case Study of Green Building in Malaysia :
Cost Saving Analysis
7 1505 - 1525 The Effects of POFA and SF as TBC Binder on
the Heat of Hydration and Compressive
Strength of Mortar
8 1525 - 1545 Use of Sawdust as Admixture in Cement-Sand
Brick
9 1545 - 1605 SESSION 2 Cost Implication Analysis of Concrete and
Masonry Waste in Construction Project
10 1605 - 1625 Drying Shrinkage and Porosity of Polymer
11 1625 - 1645 Modified Concrete Containing Vinyl Acetate
Effluents
The Influence of Sulphate Reduction Bacteria
on the Durability of Concrete in Sea Water
Condition
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FUNCTION ROOM 2
SESSION CHAIR: DR. MOHD ELIAS DAUD
NO TIME SESSION TITLE
1 0930 - 0950 Effects of Geometric Parameters on Eco-
Friendly Hybrid Composite for Bolted
Joint
2 0950 - 1010 Certain Building Materials with Respect
to Their Thermal Properties as Well as
Environmental Aspects
Performance of High Strength Concrete
3 1010 - 1030 SESSION 1 Specimens with Square Section Using
Steel Strapping Tensioning Technique
4 1030 - 1050 Drought Characterization in Peninsular
Malaysia Using DrinC Program
5 1050 - 1110 Influence of Kenaf Fibre on the
Mechanical Properties of Hybrid
Structure of Fibre Metal Laminate
6 1445 - 1505 Lateral and Vertical Non-Homogeneities
Ground Characterization Using Seismic
Surface Wave Technique
7 1505 - 1525 Site Specific Ground Response Spectra
of Bakun
Honeydew Rind Activated Carbon as an
8 1525 - 1545 Adsorbent for Zn(II) and Cr(III)
SESSION 2 Removal From Aqueous Solution
9 1545 - 1605 Trend Analysis of Water Quality At
Sungai Sarawak
10 1605 - 1625 Optimization of Botryococcus Sp
Growth Using Synthetic Media for
Biodiesel Production
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
FUNCTION ROOM 3
SESSION CHAIR: MRS. ROZIMAH TAHIR
NO TIME SESSION TITLE
1 0930 - 0950 Problems Associated with Indoor Air Quality
(IAQ) in Classroom and Recommended
Approaches
2 0950 - 1010 Wind Characteristics and Outdoor Thermal
Comfort Assessment in East Malaysia
The Potential of Wastewater Produced From
3 1010 - 1030 SESSION 1 Air Conditioning Unit
4 1030 - 1050 Potential Strategies on the Integration of
Lean Principles in Industrialised Building
System (IBS)
5 1050 - 1110 Preliminary Study of Energy and Cost Saving
Potential of Lighting System in Teaching
Building
6 1445 - 1505 Mitigating Contractor's Claim on Loss and
Expense Due to the Extension of Time in
Public Projects: An Exploratory Survey
7 1505 - 1525 Environmental Management Plan and Case
Study of Batang Sadong Bridge Project in
Sarawak
Production of Water Soluble Lemongrass
8 1525 - 1545 Essential Oil From Lemongrass Leaves
Using Steam Distillation
SESSION 2
9 1545 - 1605 Poor Communication Leads to Time and Cost
Overruns in Construction Projects
10 1605 - 1625 Effect of Batu Pahat Soft Clay (BPSC)
Concentrations on the Physical and
Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder
11 1625 - 1645 Development of Off-Shore Wave Generator
Systems and Integrating into Disaster
Management Systems
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29th September 2016
FUNCTION ROOM 4
SESSION CHAIR: DR. FADHILAH MOHD NOR
NO TIME SESSION TITLE
1 0930 - 0950 Evaluating Bus Running Time
Variability in High-Frequency Operation
Using Automatic Data Collection
Systems
2 0950 - 1010 Design of Optimum Wait Time for
Random Arrival of Passengers At Bus
Stop
3 1010 - 1030 Exploring Factors to Pedestrian Fatality
At Junctions in Malaysia
SESSION 1
4 1030 - 1050 Development of E-ACTIVETRANS for
Young Professional Planners/Engineers
5 1050 - 1110 Bio-Asphaltic Concrete : From Waste
Product to Green Aggregate
Replacement
6 1445 - 1505 Development of Adjustable Foot
Corrective Device for Clubfoot
Treatment
7 1505 - 1525 A Review on Current Trend of
Sustainable Manufacturing in Malaysia
8 1525 - 1545 A Model to Manage Remanufacture of
Used-Products
SESSION 2 The Teaching of the Electrical
9 1545 - 1605 Technology Course and the Effects of
the Worked Example Application
10 1605 - 1625 Green Airport Infrastructure in
Colombia: Opportunities for Public-
Private Partnerships Schemes
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
PRESENTIAL SUITE
SESSION CHAIR: DR. AZIAM MUSTAFA
NO TIME SESSION TITLE
0845 – 0930 The Innovative of Marketing Strategy
1 (P.O.W.E.R. Map Model) for Start-Up
Entrepreneurs
2 0930 - 0950 Effect of Eco-Innovation Practices Towards
Sustainable Business Performance
3 0950 - 1010 Sustainable Mid-Rise Vernacular Palace
Architecture of Istana Lama Seri Menanti,
Negeri Sembilan
Culture of the Traditional Malays: Usage of
4 1010 - 1030 Sustainable Furniture in Internal Spaces of
SESSION 1 Traditional Malay Houses
5 1030 - 1050 Digital Learning Resource for Basic
Movement Therapy Course: Blended Learning
Approach
6 1050 - 1110 Engaging Game Design in Learning Historical
Patriotic Heroes: Students' Perception
7 1445 - 1505 Development of Research Framework to
Assess the TPM Implementation in Malaysian
Automotive Company
8 1505 - 1525 Localization for E-learning of Comprehensive
Universities in Malaysia
Developing A Conceptual Framework and
9 1525 - 1545 Indicator for Measuring Water Consumption
SESSION 2 Performace of the Ablution Facilities in
Mosque for Sustainable Water Conservation
10 1545 - 1605 Social Attributes and Public Participation
Towards Smart City Develompent
11 1605 - 1625 The Influence of Product Quality and Service
Quality on House Buyer's Satisfaction in
PR1MA Home
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
EFFECT OF CRUMB RUBBER ON THE FRESH PROPERTIES OF MORTAR AND
CONCRETE
N.M. Noor1, M.H. Ahmad2,N.H. Othman3
123Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
The importance of fresh properties performance in concrete cannot be neglected since it is
the early indicator to the physical and mechanical properties performance. It became more
important when material with different physical properties than normal material such as
rubber tire was used as concrete constituent. This paper presented apart of research result
conducted on mortar and concrete with crumb rubber. Crumb rubber was replaced at 10%,
15% and 20% as sand replacement by volume. In addition, ordinary Portland cement was
added with silica fume at 10% and 15% by weight. Fresh properties measured in this studies
were air content and workability test. As for workability, superplasticizers were constantly
used at 1% dosage for all mortar mixture, and 0.5% to 0.7% for concrete mixture.
Meanwhile, air content was controlled between 4% to 6%. Mortar flow test was conducted
on a steel plate, shocked 15 times in 15 seconds and concrete slump test was carried out
using slump cone equipment. Pressure method was used to measured air content. All mixes
were done in a controlled room temperature. Results showed that when CR was added in
the mixture, segregation was observed in mortar thus high dosage of superplasticizer was
added to improve the workability and air-modifying agent was used to reduce the increasing
of mortar air content. But in concrete mixture, low dosage of superplasticizers was required
for workability and air-entrained agent was injected in mixture to increase the air content
between 4%-6%.
Keywords: Air content; Concrete Slump; Crumb rubber; Mortar flow
A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE MAJOR CAUSATIVE FACTORS OF COST
OVERRUN IN MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Kaleem Ullah*1, Abd Halid Abdullah1,Sasitharan Nagapan1, Kanesh Kumar Kasvar1
Samiullah Sohu1
1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Malaysian construction industry is of great importance for the economic growth and
social improvement of the country as it provides essential infrastructures and also creates
employment opportunities. However, the construction industry of Malaysian faces repeated
issue of cost overrun. As one of the major problem in construction projects due to various
reasons, cost overrun is regularly observed and it gives negative impacts to the key
construction participants in particular and to the construction industry. To reduce the
negative impacts of cost overrun, a comprehensive understanding of the construction cost
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
overrun factors is needed. Therefore, this paper identifies various causative factors of cost
overrun existing in Malaysian construction projects through literature reviews. The 36
causative factors of budget overrun or cost overrun were found in Malaysian construction
projects. The causative factors of cost overrun were categorized into 6 groups namely Owner
related factors, Contractor related factors, Consultant related factors, Project related factors,
Materials / Labor related factors and External related factors. The frequency of each of the
causative factors in each category was based on the findings from past research works which
were considered in this review study. The causative factor with highest frequency as stated
by most researchers is poor site management that contributes to cost overrun in Malaysian
construction projects. Through identifying common causative factors, construction
stakeholders can alert about how cost overrun occurs in construction projects and can find
appropriate measures to mitigate or eliminate the problem of cost overrun in construction
projects.
Keywords: Cost overrun, Causative factors of cost overrun, Impacts of cost overrun,
Malaysian Construction Industry
RISK FACTORS FOR DESIGN AND BUILD PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA –
PROJECT MANAGER’S PERCEPTION
Sabihah Saaidin1,Intan Rohani Endut1,Siti Akmar Abu Samah2 ,Ahmad Ruslan Mohd
Ridzuan3
1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
2Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
3Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management, Universiti Teknologi
MARA
ABSTRACT
Design and build has been a popular contract system in recent years and most risky project
for both owner and contractor unless the risks are identified, analyzed and managed during
early stage of the project. Predicting the risk factor of the project helps in identifying the
critical risk and in searching the best solutions to improve the project performance.
Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the project manager perception on risk
factors related to design and build project in Malaysia. A total of 100 usable questionnaires
were received and analyzed using mean ranking and factor analysis. The result shows that
the most three risky factors are: “client financial capability”, “inadequate cash flow by
contractor”, and “lack of payment (delayed progress payment by owner to the contractor)”.
The number of risk was reduced and categorized using factor analysis for the ease of
handling the risk by project manager. The risk can be grouped into 12 categories, namely:
(1) lack of management competency, (2) lack of contractor experience, (3) political issues,
(4) lack of standardized system, (5) unpredictable issues, (6) lack of client experience, (7)
safety issues, (8) lack of teamwork, (9) poor supervision by client, (10) lack of client
information, (11) material availability, and (12) design error.
Keywords: Design and Build; Risk Factor; Project Manager
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29th September 2016
A CASE STUDY OF GREEN BUILDING IN MALAYSIA: COST SAVING
ANALYSIS
C.K. Soon1, Amidah Mohd Ujang2, Zarinah Zaini2, Sasitharan Nagapan1, Abd Halid
Abdullah1, Muhammad Fikri Hasmori1, Kannan Rassiah3
1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Johor,
2Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Shah
Alam, Selangor, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Port Dickson, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Green building aspires on maximising the resource and energy usage of a building. The
building sector consumes about forty percent of energy usage in the world, therefore the
energy efficiency issue of an existing building is becoming more crucial at the present time.
It also has been regarded to the increase of energy consumption in Malaysia, which
contributing more than forty percent of greenhouse gases. It indicated that the importance to
redesign existing buildings to lower the energy usage and emission of greenhouse gas.
Hence, the study is carried out to investigate the energy consumption of the redesign
building through its energy efficient features. The necessary energy efficiency data were
collected from building personnel through a site visit method. The study found that with a
complete energy efficient features, the redesign building saves up to RM 5,863,369.00
(percentage of savings, 46%). Hence, with higher energy cost savings, it's managed to
recoup the additional investment of RM 5 million within a payback period of 8 years.
Further research needs to be conducted based on this encouraging finding to promote green
building in Malaysia and other countries of the world.
Keywords: Green building; Energy efficiency; Cost saving, Greenhouse gases, Malaysia
CONTRACTORS’ PERSPECTIVE ON MATERIAL WASTE REDUCTION IN
KUALA LUMPUR
Nurul Aini Osman1, M.A. Shazwan2, Jye Hwoi Pok3
123QS Department INTI International University, Nilai,Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Construction waste is considered as one of the significant issue in the sustainable
development area. It is responsible for producing a whole assortment of waste, depending on
factors either it is at the stage of construction, type of construction work and practices on site.
This paper focusing on the research to assess the level of contribution of some waste
minimization measures to waste reduction and the level of practice of such measures in the
Kuala Lumpur construction industry. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to
extract contractors’ views on twenty five waste minimization measures that adopted from
several literatures. The data were obtained and analyzed by using frequency analysis method
and average index analysis method. The results showed that out of twenty five waste
minimization measures, adoption of proper site management techniques, encourage re-use of
waste materials in projects and proper storage of materials on site/provide convenient
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
containers for materials storage and retrieval are perceived by contractor as those with high
level of contribution to waste minimization, and also those which are highly practiced. The
findings from the study present the Kuala Lumpur construction industry with measures which
expressively contribute to materials waste minimization on construction sites. The adoption
of these waste minimization measures could produce great cost savings to the construction
industry and prevent environmental degradation.
Keywords: waste minimization, measures, construction industry, Kuala Lumpur
AN OVERVIEW OF BACTERIA CONCRETE ON THE DURABILITY OF
CONCRETE IN AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT
Teddy Tambunan1, J.M Irwan2,,N.Othman3
1,2 Jamilus Research Centre for Susitainable Construction (JRC), Faculty of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
3Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC),Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The Typical Concrete durability is an important engineering property of concrete. Determine
the service life of concrete structures is very significant in studying concrete durability. In
general concrete can be threatened and even lost due to concrete interactions with exposed
environment. An example of scenario is bio-corrosion process caused by presence and
activities of microorganisms producing sulphuric acid that resulted to form sulphate
deterioration of concrete materials. Most of problems related to durability and repair systems
are due to lack of suitability with the concrete material. An option of applicability by
precipitating bacteria for concrete repair and plugging of pores and cracks in concrete has
been recently explored. Previous studies had proved the possibility of using specific bacteria
via bioconcrete as a sustainable method for improving concrete properties. Nevertheless,lack
of informations on the application of bioconcrete exposed to extreme condition. Therefore,
exploration of bioconcrete in aggressive environment could be a potential method for
concrete self-repair system.
Keywords : Bacteria concrete, concrete properties, sea water
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29th September 2016
THE EFFECTS OF POFA AND SF AS TBC BINDER ON THE HEAT OF
HYDRATION AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF MORTAR
Nor Umairah Binti Abd Rahim1, Mohd Fadzil bin Arshad2
1 Linton University College, Negeri Sembilan
2 FKA UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor
ABSTRACT
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely used in construction industry and affecting our
environment. A further research been continuously done by previous researcher in order to
find a precise proportion of cement replacement material that can be combine to produce
product called Ternary Blended Cement (TBC). For this study, main materials that had been
used are OPC, Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), and Silica Fume (SF). The objectives of this
study are to determine the effects of POFA and SF as TBC on the heat of hydration and
compressive strength of mortar. Testing of specimens consists of heat of hydration test with
10 specimens and compressive strength test with 120 specimens. Before producing TBC,
specimens using BBC is required. Mix design proportion for POFA and SF are 5%, 10%,
15%, and 20%. Mix design proportion TBC are chose from the highest compressive strength
value achieved at 7 days of curing. From this research it is found that the heat of hydration
of TBC contains 20% POFA and 5% SF produce a high value of degree of hydration only at
early hours but keep continue to decrease uniformly until the end of hydration process as
compared to the control specimen. Besides that, the compressive strength of TBC produces a
lower compressive strength value as compared to the control specimen.
Keywords: BBC; Compressive Strength; Heat of Hydration; OPC; POFA; SF; and TBC.
USE OF SAWDUST AS ADMIXTURE IN CEMENT-SAND BRICK
Rosnani Ahmad1, Rohaidah Md Nor1, Siti Azliya Ismail1
1Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Sawdust is considered a waste material in wood based workshop and a number of innovative
ways are being taken to mitigate its effects on the environment. The use of sawdust as
additional admixture in cement-sand brick production is an alternative option to mitigate the
problem. In this study, three different types of cement-sand brick mixture in proportion of
1%, 2% and 3% of sawdust added to the normal mixture are prepared. Compression test
were conducted on the brick mixture. The strength properties of the brick mixture are
investigated in accordance to the MS 76: 1972. Results show that the compression strength
for 1%, 2% and 3% sawdust are 8.18 MN/m2, 6.85 MN/m2, and 4.6 MN/m2, respectively.
The strengths of 1% sawdust satisfy the Class 1 loadbearing brick whilst the 2% sawdust is
slightly above the minimum required strength of 5.2 MN/m2 for an ordinary quality brick set
by the Standards MS 76:1972. The 3% sawdust however fail to satisfy the minimum
required strength set by the Standards. Thus the use of sawdust as admixture in cement-sand
brick is limited to not more than 3% in proportion.
Keywords: Cement-Sand Brick; Compressive Strength; Sawdust
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
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COST IMPLICATION ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY WASTE IN
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
Kanesh Kumar Kasvar, Sasitharan Nagapan*, Abd Halid Abdullah, Kaleem Ullah, Riduan
Yunus, Rafikullah Deraman
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected] & [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Concrete and masonry waste is one of the main wastes which are typically generated at each
construction project. There is a lack of studies in the country regarding the cost implication
in managing of these wastes. To address this need in Malaysia, the study is carried out to
measure the disposal cost for concrete and masonry waste. The study carried out by a site
visit method using an indirect measurement approach to quantify the quantity of waste
generated at the project. Based on the recorded number of trips for waste collection, the total
expenditures to dispose the waste were derived in three construction stages. The data were
collected four times weekly started from July 2014 until July 2015. The study revealed that
total waste generated at the study site is 762.51 m3 and RM 22,440.00 is paid for 187 trips to
dispose the generated waste from the project site to the nearby landfill. The findings will be
an eye opener for the researcher and policy maker to explore more study regarding cost
analysis, especially on construction waste.
Keywords: Construction Project; Cost Analysis; Concrete and Masonry Waste; Indirect
Measurement; Sustainable
DRYING SHRINKAGE AND POROSITY OF POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE
CONTAINING VINYL ACETATE EFFLUENTS
Mohammad Ismail1, Ainul Haezah Noruzman2, Taliat Ola Yusuf 3,Parham Forouzani 2
1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor.
2 Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Shah Alam, Selangor
3School Environmental Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ede. P.M.B. 231.Ede, Osun State,
Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Volume of waste generated from surface coating industries is becoming a global concern.
The disposal of this waste in the form of effluent has put enormous pressure on land needed
for other physical development. The disposal could also indirectly pose health hazard
through leaching into soil and underground water. The study is aimed at utilizing vinyl
acetate effluents from water based paint factory as admixture in concrete. Concrete
specimens containing 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% of vinyl acetate effluents by weight of cement
were prepared. The specimens were tested for drying shrinkage at 28 days and porosity was
tested using mercury intrusion porosimetry. Finding shows that concrete containing various
proportions of vinyl acetate effluents manifests higher shrinkage behavior when compared
the control. Investigation of pore size distribution reveals that polymer effluents have
particles size larger than 50 nanometer which are categorize as macroporous as in
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accordance to IUPAC classification. It can be concluded that addition of polymer vinyl
acetate effluents affects concrete deformation due to the pore structures condition as
influenced by the polymer film. The utilization of this material may provide beneficial effect
on some durability performance as well as help to minimize the environmental pollution
caused by this waste.
Keywords: Drying Shrinkage; Polymer; Vinyl Acetate Effluents; Porosity; Pore Size
Distribution
THE INFLUENCE OF SULPHATE REDUCTION BACTERIA ON THE
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE IN SEAWATER CONDITION
T. Teddy1, JM. Irwan2, N.Othman3
12 Jamilus Research Centre for Susitainable Construction (JRC), Faculty of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
3Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC),Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The typical concrete durability is an important engineering property of concrete especially to
prolong the concrete life span . Exposure concrete to aggressive environment will threaten
the durability of concrete. Previous studies on bio-concrete using several type of bacteria
including sulphate reduction bacteria (SRB) had shown progress improvement All mixtures
designed according to concrete requirement for sea water condition, and incorporated the
SRB with composition of 3%, 5% and 7%. The curing time in this study were 28, 56 and 90
days.The mechanical properties namely compressive strength and water permeability were
conducted for concrete using cube samples. The result of the research showed that the
compressive strength gave the highest strength compared to control of 53.9 Mpa. While
SRB with 3%, 5% and 7% resulted to maximum water permeability with 3% of SRB. The
results.clearly show that the addition of SRB in concrete specimens improve compressive
strength and water permeability. This situation is particularly suited for applications in
chloride ion penetration (sea water condition) where reinforcement corrosion tends to
impede durability of concrete constructions.
Keywords: Durability, Sea water, Sulphate Reduction Bacteria
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EFFECTS OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON ECO-FRIENDLY HYBRID
COMPOSITE FOR BOLTED JOINT
D. Sivakumar1, 2, L.F.Ng1, R.M. Chew1, Omar Bapokutty1, 2, Sivaraos3
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
2 Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
3Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This work studies the effect of geometric width and edge ratio on the bearing strength of
hybrid fibre reinforced polymer. Specimens were fabricated using hot compression method
and were cut into the appropriate dimension with the width-to-diameter (W/D) and edge
distance-to-diameter (E/D) ratio of 3,4,5,6. The hole diameter is fixed at 6 mm. Bolted joint
tests were conducted in accordance to ASTM D5961 using the Universal Testing Machine
and several failure modes were identified. The results confirm geometric parameters affect
the bearing strength and failure mode.
Keywords: Bolted Joint; Geometric Parameters; Glass Fiber; Hybrid; Woven Kenaf;
CERTAIN BUILDING MATERIALS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR THERMAL
PROPERTIES AS WELL AS TO THEIR IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT
Anna Antonyová1,Peter Antony2, Abd Halid Abdullah3,Sasitharan Nagapan4
1Faculty of Management, University of Prešov in Prešov, Konštantínova 16, Prešov 08001,
Slovak Republic
2APmikro, Pavlovičovo námestie 19, Prešov 08001, Slovak Republic
34University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor 86400, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Thermal properties of certain building materials were studied with respect to environmental
aspects. The building materials with significant insulation properties were laboratory tested
using the special equipment based on Peltier module. During the experimental work, the
samples of the following materials were tested: Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Autoclaved
aerated concrete (AAC): Ytong, Calcium Silicate Board: Super-Isol and Foam glass
(Cellular Glass Insulation): PERINSUL. The temperature was measured directly in
connection of material with the Peltier module as well as in the distances of 5mm, 27.5mm,
50mm and 95mm from the Peltier module. The temperature taken at the surface of Peltier
module reached -22°C, a typical temperature in the cold winter season. The results of the
laboratory experimental work were modelled using the graphic representation. Modelling
the thermal distribution will help to determine the ideal material thickness in the design of
the building insulation.
Keywords: Analysis; Building Materials; Environment; Optimization; Thermal Properties
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PERFORMANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE SPECIMENS WITH
SQUARE SECTION USING STEEL STRAPPING TENSIONING TECHNIQUE
Hoong Pin Lee1*, Abdullah Zawawi Awang2, Wahid bin Omar3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Survey (FEQS),
INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan.
123Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor.
*Corresponding author: [email protected] / [email protected]
ABSTRACT
High strength concrete (HSC) has lower ductility, but higher in strength compared to normal
strength concretes. The strength and ductility of HSC can be improved by applying external
confinement, such as steel strapping tensioning technique (SSTT). However, SSTT was
literately reported effective in confining circular specimens, but the effectiveness of SSTT
on square cross section specimens are yet well investigated. Hence, this study focuses on
HSC square cross section specimens with different corner ratio, which were right angle and
rounded corner. In addition, the effect of different number of layer of steel straps confining
around the specimens under optimum lateral pre-tensioning stress also been investigated.
The number of layers was fixed to two layers and four layers. Fifteen HSC specimens with
dimension of 88mm x 88mm x 200mm, which consist of three unconfined specimens, six
right angle specimens, and six rounded corner specimens were prepared and tested
monotonically to failure. The experimental results have proven that the strength and ductility
of HSC improved significantly by using rounded corner confined specimens and higher
number of layer of confinements. This is due to more uniform confining pressure was
exerted on entire surface of rounded corner confined specimens. The strength and ductility
of the specimens can be improved up to 53.7% and 207.5% respectively.
Keywords: High Strength Concrete (HSC); Steel Strapping Tensioning Technique (SSTT);
Lateral Pre-Tensioning Stress; Ductility And Strength Enhancement; Rounded Corner
Square Cross Section.
DROUGHT CHARACTERIZATION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING DRINC
SOFTWARE
Md. Monir Hayet Khan1, Nur Shazwani Muhammad2, Ahmed Al-Shafie3
1,2 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
3 Universiti Malaya
ABSTRACT
Drought represents environmental and socio-economic impacts due to unmet water demands
by the available resources. Defining drought is a difficult task because of the inexistence of
onset time and an ending time. Drought events affected peninsular Malaysia several times
during the last decades. Therefore, characterization of drought is very essential for drought
management operations. Using developed drought indices is a practical approach to
assimilate large amounts of data into quantitative information which can be applied in
drought forecasting, declaring drought levels, contingency planning and impact assessments.
This study focuses on an analysis of drought events using indices namely SPI and Deciles
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Index, computed with DrinC software program and very less used in Malaysia. It is observed
that both indices are identical and suitable to be used for describing the drought occurrences.
Keywords: Drought; DrinC; Water; Malaysia; Indices; SPI & DI.
INFLUENCE OF KENAF FIBRE ORIENTATION EFFECT ON THE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID STRUCTURE OF FIBRE METAL
LAMINATE
L.F. Ng1, D.Sivakumar12, K.A. Zakaria12 , O.Bapokutty12, Sivaraos3
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Malaysia.
2 Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Malaysia.
3 Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Efforts to reduce manufacturing cost and negative impacts on the environment drive towards
the incorporation of natural fibre with synthetic fibre in composite structures. However,
there is still limited research focus on the notch effect and fibre orientation on mechanical
properties of hybrid fibre metal laminate (FML). In this study, tensile properties of FML
with notch and different fibre orientation were investigated. Hybrid FML incorporated with
kenaf fibre at the middle layer was compared to FML with three layers of E-glass fibre.
Kenaf fibre and E-glass fibre used are both in plain weave woven form. FML in 2/1
configuration was manufactured through hot press manufacturing method to bond layers of
annealed aluminium 5052 to the composite. Tensile test was conducted in a quasi-static
manner according to ASTM E8. The results showed FML with three layers of glass fibre
exhibited higher tensile strength compared to hybrid FML. However, the introduction of
kenaf fibre in hybrid FML reduces the notch and fibre orientation sensitivity compared to
glass fibre reinforced FML.
Keywords: Fibre Metal Laminates; Fibre orientation; Hybrid; Mechanical properties; Notch
effect
LATERAL AND VERTICAL NON-HOMOGENEITIES GROUND
CHARACTERIZATION USING SEISMIC SURFACE WAVE TECHNIQUE
Aziman Madun1,2, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajuddin1,2, Mohd Hazreek Zainal Abidin1,2 and
Mohd Faizal Tajul Baharudin1,2
1 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tun Hussein Onn,
Malaysia.
2 Research Centre for Soft Soil, University of Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Seismic surface waves are non-destructive technique to obtain the dynamic properties of soil
via measuring the shear wave velocity and thus to be adopted to calculate the shear modulus
of soil. The shear modulus is one of the parameters to quantifying the stiffness of materials.
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Thus, it's important to understand the factors influence the velocity obtained from the
seismic surface wave measurement. This study evaluated the factor of soil profiles and the
position of the sensor while conducting the measurement. Two cases soil profiles, i.e. lateral
and vertical non-homogeneities were evaluated using a continuous surface wave analysis
(CSW) and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), respectively. The continuous
surface wave analysis (CSW) using a pair of sensor while multi-channel analysis of surface
waves (MASW) 24 sensors for its measurement. The first case was the lateral non-
homogeneity of soil profile which using a scaled-down model of typical stone columns. The
continuous surface wave analysis (CSW) measurements were conducted on the scaled down
controlled properties of the stone columns installed on the soft clay test bed. The result
showed the dispersive curve demonstrated an increased shear wave velocity with increasing
depth for the sensor pair measurements on the clay (between columns), and decreased shear
wave velocity with increasing depth for the sensor pair measurements on the column. The
second case was the vertical non-homogeneity soil profile of soft marine clay deposit on the
university campus and tested using the multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW)
technique. The vertical non-homogeneity profile was confirmed via the borehole records.
Both cases of the lateral and vertical non-homogeneities indicates that the surface wave
velocity results influenced by the depth and size of the wavelength. The results showed that
the depth and wavelength controlled the volume of measurement in an elliptical shape.
Therefore the shear wave velocities and thus stiffness measured from the surface wave
velocity techniques are represented the volume of soil measured across the sensor length.
Keywords: Seismic surface wave testing, multi-channel analysis of surface wave, continuous
surface wave analysis, site investigation
SITE SPECIFIC GROUND RESPONSE SPECTRA OF BAKUN
Zainap Binti Haji Lamat1, Yuhani Binti Jimian2, Mohd. Agus Adib Bin Eskandar3
123 Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Sarawak has experienced several earthquakes of local origin and also affected by long-
distance earthquake that originated from Southern Philippine and the Straits of Macassar,
Sulu Sea and Celebes Sea. The objectives for this study are to conduct site specific ground
response analysis and develop design response spectra for Bakun area by using 1-D
equivalent linear ground response analysis. The site characterization can be carried out
utilizing the soil profile and soil property data of the selected site. Local surface fault
ruptures are the investigation of sites for the possible hazard due to intraplate earthquakes.
Earthquake ground motion records selected based on the characteristics of the controlling
earthquakes identified for an area and the maximum magnitude faults are considered for risk
assessment. The nature of the subsoil influence the seismic response of structures through
soil amplification in which the seismic excitation at bedrock is modified during transmission
through the overlying soils. The response of soil deposits and soil structures during
earthquakes is largely dependent on the frequency at which they are acted upon by the
dynamic loads. The site-specific response spectra represent the predicted surface ground
motions that reflect the levels of strong motion amplitude and frequency content at a
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particular site. This design spectrum can be the average or the smoothed envelope
determined from several selected earthquake events. The site-specific ground response
analysis for Bakun site is found that the peak ground acceleration at bedrock is amplified
from 0.16g to 0.33g at the ground surface.
Keywords: Site Specific Ground response Spectra, peak ground acceleration
HONEYDEW RIND ACTIVATED CARBON AS AN ADSORBENT FOR ZN(II)
AND CR(III) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION: AN OPTIMIZATION
STUDY
Zalilah Murni Yunus1,Norzila Othman2,Rafidah Hamdan3 , Nurun Najwa Ruslan4
14Dept. Of Sci., Fac. of Sci., Tech. & Human Development, University Tun Hussein Onn ,
Malaysia
23Dept. Of Water Eng. Fac of Civil and Env. Eng., University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia
ABSTRACT
A combination of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 20% v/v impregnation and carbonization method
was employed to convert honeydew rind into activated carbons (ACPHDR) for Zn(II) and
Cr(III) removal aqueous solution. The characterization of ACPDHR by N2 sorption, iodine
number and Boehm analysis result 1272 m2/g surface area, 1174 mg/g and 1.13 mmol/g total
acidic functional groups respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Field emission
scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersed microscopy (FESEM-EDX) analysis of
unloaded and metal-loaded carbon showed shifted of significance peaks and the changes of
surface morphology of the sorbent. The adsorption was optimized at, pH, shaking duration
and initial metal concentration of 5.5, 40 min and 500 mg/L, 0.4 g for Zn(II) and 4, 40 min,
1000 mg/L, 0.1 g for Cr(III) removal. It is concluded that the metal removal was influenced
by pH solution, contact time, initial metal concentration and mass of adsorbent. The highest
removal of Zn(II) and Cr(III) was observed at 84.24% and 90.10% respectively. Waste from
honeydew will be benefited from this research which offers a cheaper alternative precursor
to coal based activated carbons.
Keywords: heavy metals; honeydew rind; impregnated; low cost adsorbent; phosphoric acid
TREND ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY AT SUNGAI SARAWAK
Yuhani binti Jamian1, Zainap binti Lamat2, Nurazura binti Rali3
123 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Sungai Sarawak is the most significant river in the Sarawak State. A study was conducted to
assess the water quality parameters condition in the selected station along the river. Selected
station is located from Satok bridge to the downstream, Muara Tebas. The objectives of the
study is performing water quality trend analysis determine the correlation among the water
quality parameters. Trend analysis carried out by using Mann-Kendall Test because the data
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collected is non-parametric data. Next, Spearman rank is used in order to determine the
correlation between parameters. The results obtained and the observation made in this study
reveals that trend exist only for parameter Chemical Oxygen Value (COD). But there are
still have tends for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Total
Suspended Solid (TSS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH4N) and Turbidity to decrease or
increase with no trends from the year 2007 to 2011. Correlation between parameters is not
very strong because there are many causes of parameters content in water body. The result
from this study would provide useful information for water quality management in order to
maintain and improve the water quality of Sungai Sarawak.
Keywords: Water Quality, Trends Analysis, Correlation
OPTIMIZATION OF BOTRYOCOCCUS SP GROWTH USING SYNTHETIC
MEDIA (N:P) FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
R.Wellson1, N.Othman1,, HM Matias-Peralta2
1Micropollutant Research Centre, Faculty of Civil and Env. Eng,University Tun Hussein
Onn,
2Department of Technology and Heritage, Faculty of Science, Technology and Human
Development, University Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
The development of algae biodiesel is undeniably very promising as an energy alternative
substitute for fossil fuel. Unfortunately, the cost for mass cultivation requires massive
amount of money especially the allocation for algal growth. Many researchers have
introduced various type of media grow but the price still expensive. The aim of the study is
to find a simple, inexpensive and tolerable media for algae growth. The optimum growth
conditions for algae growth were studied. Botryococcus sp was isolated from Sembrong
Dam in Johor, Malaysia. In this study two media were tried namely bold’s basal medium
(BBM) and synthetic media from nitrogen and phosphorus compound. The concentration of
BBM was adopted from previous studies. The synthetic media consists of ammonium
chloride and monopotassium phosphate that were blended together and modified into
desired ratios. The N:P ratio of 1.5:1 yielded the highest chlorophyll-a concentration among
the other ratio which yielded to 98 µg/L of chlorophyll-a. The optimum growth conditions
of algae for both media are at 6000 Lux, pH 7 and 30 rpm. BBM resulted to the highest
algae growth that resulted to 3.25 x 107cell/ml. The synthetic media yielded a maximum cell
concentration up to 1.025 x 107cell/ml which is 68.5% lower compared to BBM. The result
from this study could be used to algae growth for larger scale production. More than that,
this study may well be novel approach and great potential in the industrial production of
biodiesel from microalgae and it still can be further improved.
Keywords: Algae; Botryococcus Sp;Biodiesel; Growth Media
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PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) IN
CLASSROOM AND RECOMMENDED APPROACHES
M.A. Suhaimi1,M.A.A. Rahman2, M. Awang3, Z.A. Akasah4, N. Hashim5
1,2,3,4 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
5Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Malaysia
ABSTRACT
School has become a major center of education and development of children in many
countries around the world. During the school day, majority of the students spend most of
their time in school in the classroom. Therefore, it is very important for the school to ensure
that every classroom has good indoor air quality. Imbalance IAQ can contribute to Sick
Building Syndrome (SBS) as well as Building-Related Illness (BRI) and thereby affect the
health and productivity of students in the classroom. This situation certainly does not reflect
the national education goals which aim to produce a good and perfect human capital with
good features through a series of effective education. Therefore, this study aims to discuss
problems related to IAQ and measures that can enhance the quality of indoor environment of
a classroom at school. As a result, the study found that the most common problems
associated with IAQ adversely affect the health of students and their performance.
Meanwhile, a good quality of indoor environment in the classroom can be achieved through
an emphasis on good design, construction and renovation of buildings as well as continuous
maintenance practices. In conclusion, a good classroom environment will have a beneficial
effect on health and thus can increase the productivity of students.
Keywords: Air contaminants; Classroom; Indoor Air Quality (IAQ); Health; Student
performance
WIND CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT
ASSESSMENT IN EAST MALAYSIA
M. H.Hanipah1, A. H. Abdullah1 Rduan Yunus1, Sasitharan Nagapan1, N. A. Che Sidik2,
Mohd Nor Yasin3, Muhammad Noor Afiq Muhammad Yazid4
1Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
2Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
A rapid growth of the world urban population and expansion of construction demands has
led to remarkable impacts on universal environment such as global warming and urban heat
island. These thermal environmental problems can be even more challenging to people in
regions with warm and humid climatic conditions throughout the year, such as Malaysia and
other countries in Southeast Asia. It is essential to investigate the current wind
characteristics and outdoor thermal comfort conditions as they are of primary concerns for
building designers and engineers in their efforts to improve such thermal problems. This
paper analyses the wind characteristics and outdoor thermal comfort index at the hottest
temperatures based on three years weather data recorded hourly (i.e. 2012 to 2014) for two
cities in East Malaysia, namely Kuching (Sarawak) and Kota Kinabalu (Sabah). Wind
characteristics were analyzed using only wind velocity and direction, whilst the level of
outdoor thermal comfort was evaluated employing the Universal Thermal Climate Index
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(UTCI). The results showed that the hourly average wind velocities for Kuching and Kota
Kinabalu are 1.84 m/s and 2.15 m/s, respectively. Moreover, the highest average wind
velocities are at 10.1 m/s and 12.4 m/s, respectively observed in Kuching and Kota
Kinabalu. No wind movement (i.e. 0 m/s) was evaluated to be the lowest hourly wind
velocity for both investigated locations. The annual tendencies of prevailing wind were from
South-Southeast (150°) in Sarawak, and from East-Southeast (110°) in Sabah. It was also
found that both Kuching and Sarawak experienced strong and extreme heat stress conditions
with UTCI levels of 44.8°C and 49.8°C, respectively. In short, it has been conclusively
shown that East Malaysia is commonly facing strong and extreme heat stress impact. From
these preliminary results, further investigation can be conducted to better understand the
relationship between building design parameters and outdoor thermal environment so as to
improve the increasing thermal problems particularly in urban areas.
Keywords: Warm and humid climate; Wind velocity; Wind direction; Outdoor thermal
comfort; Universal thermal climate index; Thermal stress
THE POTENTIAL OF WASTE WATER PRODUCED FROM SPLIT TYPE AIR
CONDITIONER
Normala binti Sulliaman1 , Ronina Sainira binti Mohamad Sani2 , Mior Mohd Suhairin bin
Mior Mohd Suhairin3
1Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Water is important for people and ecosystems. Extensive use of water sometimes cause
shortage of supply. Therefore various alternatives sought to overcome the shortage of water
supply. Among the sources of water that has not extended its use of water resources
resulting from the split type air conditioner. Condensation processes that occur in this type
of air conditioning split units will produce water. Most of the water produced by the air
conditioner of this type would normally discharged directly into the drain. This study
focuses on the potential uses of the water produced. The focus is on the amount of water
produced per unit, and compares with the total daily water use by domestic activities.
Further water samples will be taken and tested for content in accordance with the parameters
set by the water quality standard (WQI) of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand,
chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids and pH value. The results
obtained will be compared with water quality standards issued by the Department of
Environment, Malaysia. Based on analysis done, the water produced from air conditioning
can be categorized in class III which is suitable used in water supply, requiring intensive
care. It also can used for fisheries, according to species that have economic value and can
tolerate water quality. During observation, it found that the water produced can reach 300
liter and more at the study area.
Keyword: water quality; condensasion process; water produced; domestic activity
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POTENTIAL STRATEGIES ON THE INTEGRATION OF LEAN PRINCIPLES IN
INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)
Siti Rahimah Mohd Noor1, Riduan Yunus1, Abd Halid Abdullah1, Sasitharan Nagapan1,
Syed Mohamad Syahir Syed Mazlan1, Rafikullah Deraman1
1Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Selecting appropriate method in the production of construction components would enable to
increase the productivity rate. Most of the manufacturers failed to understand and apply an
effective method to improve the production process of building components. The integration
of lean principles in the Industrialised Building System (IBS) may increase profits to
industry players and at the same time will reduce waste. This paper aims at developing a
preliminary framework for the influencing factors associated with lean attributes in IBS
construction projects. Extensive literatures on influencing factors for lean principles
integration in IBS construction projects are reviewed from reliable sources to develop the
systematic framework. Total of 28 influencing factors for lean principles integrated in IBS
construction project are summarised according to the five lean construction principles
constituting Focus on customer, People and culture, Organisation and standardisation of
workplace, Dispose waste, and Continuous improvement for quality perfection. The study
towards reliable literature sources and constructing systematic framework for influencing
factor to integrate lean construction principles in IBS construction hopes to provide a
systematic and structured guideline for stakeholders to incorporate lean principles into IBS
applications.
Keywords: Lean construction, lean principles, manufacturing, Integrated Building System
(IBS), productivity, waste
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ENERGY AND COST SAVING POTENTIAL OF
LIGHTING SYSTEM IN TEACHING BUILDING
Tham Cheong Sheng1, Mariah Awang1, Mohammad Ashraf Abdul Rahman1
1Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan, Universiti Tun Husseion Onn Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Energy consumption and potential for energy savings become more intensive in public
buildings in order to improve energy performance. This study will identify the current
occupancy, lighting use patterns and lighting performance in G3 Block B teaching building
of University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. In order to determine the energy saving potential
and strategies for lighting system in the building, a series of data collection will conduct to
the effects of occupancy and lighting use patterns to display the lighting energy consumption
and notice to the lighting energy waste of the case study building. Moreover, lighting
performance of the teaching building is also been measured to identify potential of
improving the usage of lighting system. Based on the experiment data obtained, there are
36% - 46% of the total hour usage of lighting system are needlessly in the unoccupied
lecture rooms. The energy and cost saving potential strategies are suggested to improve the
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usage and efficiency of the lighting system in the teaching building towards energy
conservation.
Keywords: energy; lighting; teaching building
MITIGATING CONTRACTOR’S CLAIM ON LOSS AND EXPENSE DUE TO THE
EXTENSION OF TIME IN PUBLIC PROJECTS: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY
Nor Hidayah Yahya 1, Mohammad Fadhil Mohammad 2, Marina Musa 3
12 Centre of Studies for Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and
Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA
3 Quantity Surveying & Contract Division, Public Works Department
ABSTRACT
The main research aim is to look at mitigating construction claims on the issues of Loss and
Expense in construction projects. This paper however, aims to explore the understanding and
also viability of the research topic with reference to the Public Works Department (PWD)
projects in Malaysia. Some of the critical issues and challenges faced by the clients in
mitigating the contractor’s loss and expense claims will also be highlighted accordingly.
Data were collected through an exploratory survey that was distributed among selected
multi-discipline professionals in the PWD as well as in the private sectors for comparative
purposes. Data were then analysed with the inclusion of the results, comments and
recommendations on the importance of research in mitigating contractor’s claims on loss
and expense due to the Extension of Time (EOT). The findings showed that 90% of the
respondents agreed on the relevance of the research topic in relation to the minimization of
loss and expense claims. The findings from this study will also be used in establishing
fundamental aspects of the research especially in developing key objectives of the main
research.
Keywords: Construction Claims; Exploratory Study; Extension of Time (EOT); Loss &
Expense
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND CASE STUDY OF BATANG
SADONG BRIDGE PROJECT IN SARAWAK
Junaidi Sahadan1, Rudy Tawie2,*, Frydolin Siahaan3, Vincent Tang4
134Jabatan Kerja Raya
2Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak, Malaysia
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper highlights the implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for
development projects under Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Sarawak and case study of Batang
Sadong Bridge Project in Sarawak, Malaysia. It has now become standard practice for EMP
to be included in tender documents issued by JKR, the implementation agency for
government development projects. Project proponent or contractor will be guided by the
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)’s Terms and Conditions of Approval. The
contractor shall prepare an EMP and engage an independent party to carry out the
monitoring works. In this paper, findings from the Environmental Management Reports
(EMRs) on the Batang Sadong Bridge Project are presented. The environmental parameters
are lower than or comparable with the baseline data but some do not meet the required
standards. It is hope that the efforts to protect and enhance our environment would be taken
more seriously by all parties involved in development projects in Malaysia.
Keywords: Environmental Management Report (EMR); impacts; construction; bridge; JKR
Sarawak
PRODUCTION OF WATER SOLUBLE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEMONGRASS
LEAVES USING STEAM DISTILLATION
S.F. Lim1, P.Y.L. Pah, S.N. David Chua, H.T. Nicholas Kuan
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.
1Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Lemongrass leaves are agricultural wastes which are under-utilized and unexploited. In this
study, lemongrass leaves were used to produce water soluble lemongrass essential oil using
a steam distillation system. The steam distillation system was used to extract lemongrass
compounds from the lemongrass leaves. Water steam was passed through the lemongrass
leaves which were placed and supported on a grid above the water in a distiller. The steam
distillation system was designed and fabricated by modifying a conventional pressure cooker
as a steam distiller. The steam distillation process was optimized using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The optimum point was obtained at 6.69 plant-to-water ratio and
26.68 minutes of distillation time by using air-dried lemongrass leaves. The presence of
citral compound in the extracted lemongrass leaves essential oil was confirmed with the
Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Findings from the Gas Chromatography Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS) reveal the predominant compounds in the extracted lemongrass
leave essential oil. The top three compounds are as α-citral, β-citral, and myrcene.
Keywords: essential oil; lemongrass leaves; optimization; steam distillation;
POOR COMMUNICATION LEADS TO TIME AND COST OVERRUNS IN
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
*Yaser Gamil1, Ismail Abdul Rahman2, Sasitharan Nagapan3
123University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Time and cost overruns are major issues faced by construction industry worldwide. Studies
had shown that various factors causing these overruns and one of the critical factor is poor
communication. This reviewed paper presents the effects of poor communication to these
overruns from different countries. It extracted causative factors which include poor
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communication and determined its severity percentage that leads to the overruns. Maximum
severity of poor communication in causing time overrun is 95.35% faced by Afghanistan
construction industry. For cost overrun, maximum severity is 92.68% faced by Saudi Arabia
construction industry. It seems that developed countries which apply information
communication technology and communication systems have less severity percentages as
compared to developing countries. This paper also highlighted several mitigation measures
proposed by previous studies to reduce the effect of poor communication in causing time
and cost overruns.
Keywords: construction industry; cost overrun; poor communication; time overrun.
EFFECT OF BATU PAHAT SOFT CLAY (BPSC) CONCENTRATIONS ON THE
PHYSICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT BINDER
Allam Musbah Al Allam1, Hj. Mohd Idrus B.Hj.Mohd Masirin2 and Ahmed Suliman B. Ali3
123Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The major aim of this research was to investigate the addition of BPSC on the physical and
rheological properties of asphalt binder. In this study, different five different percentages of
BPSC compositions were studied, namely (2, 4, 6 and 8%). The impact of modifier on the
rheological and physical properties was determined by using the conventional tests approach
such as, softening point, ductility and penetration, and measurements from a dynamic shear
rheometer. Based on the result from our experiments, it was observed that the addition of
BPSC has a significant impact on the rheological properties of asphalt binder and would
improve rutting resistance at high temperatures. Meanwhile, result the physical properties
indicated that a decrease in penetration and increase in softening points results to an
increment in stiffness of BPSC. Based on the results from the DSR measurements, BPSC
has reduced temperature susceptibility and increased stiffness and elastic behavior in
comparison to unmodified asphalt binder, this mean BPSC would increase the resistance of
permanent deformation (rutting). Finally, BPSC could be considered as an appropriate
option additive to modify the properties of asphalt binder.
Keywords: Asphalt binder; Soft Clay; Physical properties; DSR; Superpave parameter
(rutting); Amplitude sweep.
DEVELOPMENT OF OFF-SHORE WAVE GENERATOR SYSTEMS AND
INTEGRATING INTO DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.
Rahul Basu1,
1 Professor, Adarsha Institute of Technology,Off Intl Airport Road,.Bangalore 562110, India
ABSTRACT
The SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), region with over a
billion populations is contiguous to the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
Utilization of ocean resources for power generation such as tidal, thermal solar and wind for
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energy, along with other green technologies like seaweed farming and sustainable fisheries
for food would need to be incorporated in a broad framework for the region. Development of
ocean-based energy systems can be integrated with early warning networks linked by
satellite which can give a few hours to days warning to help mitigate the severity of natural
disasters on human life. Some of the calamities of note have been the Tsunami of 2004,
Bangladesh and Orissa floods, earthquakes in Nepal and Pakistan, and recent inundation of
Chennai due to weather and bad flood management. A SAARC comprehensive Framework
on disaster management was formulated in alignment with the Hyogo Framework (2005-
2015). In addition to the broad objectives of disaster management and cooperation in the
Indian Ocean and surrounding regions, impeding disasters due to climate change need to be
anticipated. Ocean energy systems are still in their infancy, while ocean farming technology
has been developed and is immediately applicable. Some applications and their
implementation are looked at, specifically with the difficulties in implementation in the
SAARC region, due to mindset, poverty, red tape and other factors.
Key words: DRM; DRR; DART
BIO-ASPHALT CONCRETE: FROM WASTE PRODUCT TO GREEN
AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
Resdiansyah1, Amidah Mohd Ujang2 , Zarinah Zaini3
1Indorama Engineering Polytechnic, Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia, 41152
23 Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran Usahawan, Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia, 40150
ABSTRACT
Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country in the world and Malaysia is the second
largest with oil palm planted in over 5 million hectares of land and East Malaysia alone,
comprising the states of Sabah and Sarawak, has coverage of about 2.5 million hectares.
Palm Kernel shell (PKS) is one of the production waste from an oil palm process. This paper
presents a study of laboratory evaluation on the performance of the waste product from palm
plantation called palm kernel shell (PKS) as the green replacement for course aggregate in
terms of stability, flow and volumetric properties in order to create plant-based asphalt
concrete (bio-asphalt concrete). PKS aggregate was partially replaced the granite aggregate
in preparing the mixes. Three different of PKS percentages (10%, 30%, and 100%) were
replaced at coarse aggregate in the range of 5mm-14mm in ACW 14 mixed with 5% to 7%
of bitumen content. 35 blows and 50 blows compaction of mixes were prepared to evaluate
more specific which state of palm kernel shells is potential to be used in light to medium
traffic design. All the results then conformance with the standard requirements and
specifications from JKR/SPJ/rev 2008 and Asphalt Institute, 1979 in order to evaluate the
performance modified bitumen mix. Based on the results of the feasibility study, it shows
that PKS aggregate can be used up to 30% PKS replacement for the light traffic design and
only 10% PKS replacement was potential to be used in medium traffic design.
Keywords: Palm kernel shell; oil palm; bio-asphalt concrete; green aggregate replacement
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DESIGN OF OPTIMUM WAIT TIME FOR RANDOM ARRIVAL OF
PASSENGERS AT BUS STOP. A CASE STUDY FROM PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA
Ruslawati Abdul Wahab*1, 2, 3, Muhamad Nazri Borhan*1, 2, Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K.
Rahmat*1, 2
1Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),
Malaysia
2Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Malaysia
3Department of Polytechnic Education, Ministry of Higher Education,Putrajaya, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The waiting time can be reduced by providing information on bus arrival time. The absence
of this information leads to long waiting time and affects passengers’ planning travel time.
Although the waiting period that is longer or faster is subjective to each passenger, without
information on bus arrival times, the uncertain passenger arrival time may cause difficulties
to determine realistic waiting time. This study concentrates on the optimal design of the
waiting time from the passengers’ arrival time at random. The survey data were observed
from one bus stop encoded as ALMD stop in Putrajaya. This stop has no mechanism for real
bus arrival information, which raises issue of inconsistent bus arrival times to bus
passengers. To analyze the problems, we used the combination of mathematics and response
surface methodology-central composite design applications to design optimum waiting time.
The design of arrival time was set up into two interval minutes: between 0–29 and 30–59
minutes, which was considered as the random arrival time of passengers. The modification
on intervals for waiting time was designed between 0 and 15 minutes to meet the criteria of
headway, one bus within 30 minutes. The design outputs resulted in a mathematical model
for waiting time and optimization value. The results generated an optimum waiting time of
8.7 minutes for the first passenger and 13.81 minutes for the next passenger, which were the
best times with respect to the bus operation headway.
Keywords: Design Wait Time; Random Arrival Time; Bus Passengers; Response Surface
Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD)
EXPLORING FACTORS FOR PEDESTRIAN FATALITIES AT JUNCTIONS IN
MALAYSIA
Rizati Hamidun1, Azzuhana Roslan2, Rohayu Sarani3
123Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)
ABSTRACT
Over the years, pedestrians are seen as one of the most susceptible road user groups in
Malaysia, although their involvement in road accidents has decreased. Using the national
accident data from 2009 to 2013, this study applies logistic regression model to explore the
factors associated with pedestrian fatalities at junctions. Among the four factors identified to
have resulted in pedestrian deaths include their age, injuries sustained to their head or neck,
involvement of heavy vehicles as well as location of accidents. Results of this study show
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that the likelihood of a pedestrian being killed in an accident may increase 5.6 times when
struck by a heavy vehicle. In addition, the probability of death increases 8.7 times in the
event a pedestrian sustained injuries to his head or neck as a result of an accident.
Keywords: Pedestrian; Accidents; Logistic Model; Malaysia.
DEVELOPMENT OF E-ACTIVETRANS FOR YOUNG PROFESSIONAL
PLANNERS / ENGINEERS
Bibie Sara Salleh1, Jasni Mohd Noor2, Riza Atiq O.K Rahmat3 , Amiruddin Ismail4
12Politekik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
34Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a development of an expert system to be used as an advisory in finding
the solution to problems which are normally solved by human experts who represents the
expert systems. The E-ACTIVETRANS is developed to help young engineers/planners
in designing a new cycle lane in urban areas and also to help in reallocation of an existing
roadway space for cycle lanes. This system has three sub-systems: Planning on a Strategies
to Shift from Passive Transportation to Active Transportation, Design on Bicycle Facilities
and Examples of Successful Implementation. This paper focuses on the design of bicycle
facilities whereby the prototype was developed based on the data acquired from the domain
experts who are involved in bicycle facility module design, as well as the initial text analysis
obtained during the domain familiarization stage. The validation of the system was
performed through a comparison of knowledge content in E-ACTIVETRANS with the
opinion from the experts. The average level of acceptance were 91 percent which shows
that the system is validated and represents the knowledge of the experts accurately.
Keywords: E-ACTIVETRANS, Expert System, Human Experts, Bicycle Facilities
EVALUATING BUS RUNNING TIME VARIABILITY IN HIGH-FREQUENCY
OPERATION USING AUTOMATIC DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Moosavi1 , Amiruddin Ismail2 and Ardalan Balali3
12 Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre (SUTRA) / Department of Civil and
Structural Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
3 Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Bus service usually tends to be irregular after couple hours of operation. The level of
irregularity depends on various factors such as: crowding level, terminal departure
behaviour, passengers' behaviour, operator behaviour, traffic and weather condition and etc.
High-frequency bus routes have shorter headways (usually headway less than 10 to 15
minutes) and higher passenger demand comparing to normal routes. Therefore, level of
irregularity can be even higher in bus service at high-frequency operation. Running time
variability comes from both systematic changes in ridership and traffic levels at different
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times of the day, which can be accounted for in service planning, and the inherent
stochasticity of homogeneous periods, which must be dealt with through real-time
operations control. This study evaluated impact of ridership changes and traffic condition
through time of the day on running time variability, using Automatic Vehicle Location
system (AVL) and Automatic Fare Collection system (AFC). All data extracted and
collected from RapidKL Company for route U32 which is a high-frequency route in
downtown of Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive analysis on data showed a high variation in
running times, especially in morning peak hours. A liner regression model also proved than
crowding level (which extracted from AFC data), number of stops and congestion zones
have relatively high impact on running time variation.
Keywords: AFC, AVL, Bus service, High-frequency, Running time, Variability
DEVELOPMENT OF ADJUSTABLE FOOT CORRECTIVE DEVICE FOR
CLUBFOOT TREATMENT
Shahrol Mohamaddan1, Chai Siew Fu2, Ahmad Hata Rasit3, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal4 and
Keith Case5
12Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
3Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
4Faculty of Engineering Building, University of Malaya
5Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, United
Kingdom
ABSTRACT
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is a complex deformity of the foot that is
characterised by four main deformities; forefoot cavus and adductus, hindfoot varus and
ankle equinus. Currently, the Ponseti method is the most general and recognized treatment
with a high success rate of over 90%. The treatment involves gentle manipulation and serial
casting. However, the casting method could create complications for the patients such as
soft-tissue damage and inconvenience in following the treatment schedule especially for
those living far away from hospital. The aim of this research is to develop an adjustable
corrective device for clubfoot treatment based on the techniques in the Ponseti method and
at the same time attempt to eliminate the side-effects. The prototype consists of six
adjustable movements from six different mechanisms to correct the four deformities. The
prototype was developed using 3D printing method and the main material used is polylactic
acid (PLA), rubber, aluminium and cotton fabric with sponge. The total weight of the
prototype is around 300g.
Keywords: CTEV; Clubfoot; Ponseti Method; Design And Fabrication; 3D Printing
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A REVIEW ON CURRENT TREND OF SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING IN
MALAYSIA
D. M. Khairul
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
In today manufacturing world, we already faced the critical factors for industrial growth; a
rising consumption of natural resources, increase of population, pollutions and
environmental impacts, a rapid development of global communication network and
unstoppable globalization activities. Sustainable manufacturing system involve all the value
in the product cost and life cycle , process and closed loop system as to harmonize the
impact of the manufacturing to the environment and organism. In this paper, the current
trend of sustainable manufacturing in Malaysia is reviewed. Related topics about the
development on sustainable manufacturing and initiative research in four organizations in
Malaysia are highlighted. Undoubtedly, the design for sustainable manufacturing will help
to integrate economic, social and environmental sustainability. The basic principles for
sustainable manufacturing systems are the recyclability, renewability, and energy efficient
for the overall components in the systems.
Keywords: Manufacturing, Current Trend, Sustainable
A MODEL TO MANAGE REMANUFACTURE OF USED-PRODUCTS
Andrew-Munot, Magdalene1, Yassin, Abdullah Bin1, Syed Shazali1, Syed Tarmizi1, Sawawi
Marini1
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, remanufacturing of used-products is becoming an important activity in many
production companies. This paper reviews the key remanufacturing process, highlights
eight unique characteristics of remanufacturing process environment and proposes a generic
conceptual remanufacturing process model that considers the presence and interactions of
eight unique characteristics. The generic conceptual model is developed and proposed based
on the key remanufacturing process and the presence & interactions of eight unique
characteristics. The generic conceptual model could be modified to suit remanufacturing
process of any given used-products to be remanufactured. The future works of this research
is to modify the generic remanufacturing model to suit used-automotive parts
remanufacturing with unique characteristics and apply simulation technique to model and
analyse the corresponding remanufacturing process.
Keywords: used-products; remanufacturing; production; planning; control
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THE TEACHING OF THE ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY COURSE AND THE
EFFECTS OF THE WORKED EXAMPLE APPLICATION
Chung Boon Chuan 1, Lee Moi Fong2, Melissa Khor Suan Chin3
13Politeknik Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
2Politeknik Port Dickson, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between the effects of Worked
Example Application and the performance of the students taking the Electrical Technology
course. The objective of the research is to prove that there is a significant effect towards the
students’ performance in the quasi experiment with the 2x2 factorial. The data analyzed
involved ANCOVA analysis with the significant level of 0.05 (5%) in two way used to test
the hypothesis in relation to the effect of the independent variable, that is Courseware Mode
using Worked Example Application D(WEA) and without using Worked Example
Application T(WEA) towards one dependent variable, that is the students’ performance. The
data being analyzed for this research is at the significant level of 0.05 (5%). The purpose of
this research is to test whether interaction exists between worked example and the students’
performance in the learning of Electrical Technology. The findings of the test had proven
that there is a significant relationship between the students’ performance and the types of
courseware mode being used. However, there is no significant relationship between genders.
Keywords: of Worked Example Application, Electrical Technology
GREEN AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN COLOMBIA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS SCHEMES
Juan David González1,2, Eduardo Duque1, Juan Restrepo1
1Associate Professor Institución Universitaria Esumer, Calle 76 No. 80-126, Medellín,
Colombia
2Ph.D. Candidate. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Carrera 80 No 65-223 - Campus
Robledo, Medellín, Colombia
ABSTRACT
This paper is aimed at describing the state-of-the-art of green airport infrastructure in
Colombia. This will lead to identifying opportunities for public-private investment in this
type of projects which constitute a growing global trend in the air transport industry. The
topic is addressed through out an exploratory-descriptive research. It will provide an insight
on the green airport infrastructure industry in Colombia based on the available literature
containing socio-economic data. The relation to green airport infrastructure projects and
Public-Private Partnerships will also be analysed. The paper describes that the green airport
infrastructure in Colombia represents an important issue in order to comply with the COP21
commitments and even the Kyoto protocol. Due to the fact that there is not enough
specialized information on the topic, the paper will contribute to opening the doors to new
research topics. Further research will also be presented.
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Keywords: Green Airport Infrastructure; Airport management; Colombia; Concessions;
Public-Private Partnerships.
EFFECT OF ECO-INNOVATION PRACTICES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE
BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Salmah Omar1, Norfaridatul Akmaliah Othman2, Juhaini Jabar2
1School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
2Faculty of Technology Management and Technopreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The evolution of ‘sustainability’ reflects a crucial change in global thinking, which is forcing
firms to again re-evaluate their approach in measuring organizational performance. The
objectives of this study are tries to reveal the extent of eco-innovation practices
implementation among Malaysia chemical companies and to investigate the effect of eco-
innovation practices on sustainable business performance. The result demonstrates a
moderate to a considerable extent of implementation of eco-innovation practices among
Malaysia chemical companies. The Path Coefficients (β) also found to support the
hypotheses.
Keywords: Eco-innovation; Sustainable performance; Chemical Industry
SUSTAINABLE MID-RISE VERNACULAR PALACE ARCHITECTURE OF
ISTANA LAMA SERI MENANTI, NEGERI SEMBILAN
Nurdiyana Zainal Abidin1,Raja Nafida Raja Shahminan2,Fawazul Khair Ibrahim3
1Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
(UTM), Johor, Malaysia
2,3Center for the Study of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Sustainability is an important factor in designing vernacular architecture and this includes
vernacular palace architecture. Vernacular palace architecture in Malaysia comprised of
low-rise buildings similar to their Traditional Malay Houses (TMH) counterparts. However,
the Istana Lama Seri Menanti is a mid-rise vernacular palace of four storeys high and was
designed with sustainability in mind. The mid-rise element of the palace communicates the
vernacular architecture of TMH in Negeri Sembilan whereas the sustainable designs used
includes the materials, the construction methods, consideration of environmental factors and
the environmental impact of the building culturally and economically. The aim of this
research is to investigate the sustainable approach of Istana Lama Seri Menanti as a mid-rise
vernacular palace of the early 20th Century and its impact on the current generation after 108
years. The research methodologies undertaken are case and precedent studies of vernacular
palaces in Malaysia including sustainable vernacular architecture and also interviews of
experts in the field. In conclusion, the architectural sustainability of Istana Lama Seri
Menanti includes factors such as timber availability, consumption of naturally available
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resources, designs with minimal environmental impact and high cultural importance in the
building design. These factors determined the importance of the palace for the conservation
of the future generations to come.
Keywords: Mid-rise palace architecture; Sustainable architecture; Vernacular palace
architecture
CULTURE OF THE TRADITIONAL MALAYS: USAGE OF SUSTAINABLE
FURNITURE IN INTERNAL SPACES OF TRADITIONAL MALAY HOUSES.
Nabilah Zainal Abidin1, Fawazul Khair Ibrahim2, Raja Nafida Raja Shahminan3
123Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the cultures and traditions of the Traditional Malays, namely the use of
sustainable furniture that can be found inside a Traditional Malay House (TMH). The houses
used as samples for this study were retrieved from the archived reports that can be found at
the Centre of Built Environment in the Malay World (KALAM), of Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM). The data collected were then analyzed by the presence or absence of
certain components that define sustainable furniture used by the traditional Malays. These
components were identified based of analytical review of measured drawings of archival
reports as well as photographic evidence from site visits. Data collected were analyzed using
the method Componential Analysis in order to define and identify furniture of the
Traditional Malays. Findings of this study indicated that the Traditional Malays incorporated
numerous sustainable furniture in nearly all of the spaces available in their houses. This in
turn results in a very systematic and organized area where spaces in the house were not
cluttered with various furniture and equipment. Furthermore the findings indicated that
specific spaces had incorporated specific structural furniture, or commonly known as built-in
furniture, inside them which shows that these useful equipment had been thought of during
the design process before building the houses. This proves that the Traditional Malays had
significant usage of furniture inside of their Traditional Malay Houses.
Keywords: Sustainable furniture; Traditional Malays; Traditional Malay House, Traditional
Malay furniture, Malays culture.
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DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCE FOR BASIC MOVEMENT THERAPY
COURSE: BLENDED LEARNING APPROACH
Zahidah Abd Kadir1, Shanti Balrajbaboo2, Nurul Shuhadah Rosni3, Zaidatul Husna Abd
Rahman4, Nurulain Abu Bakar5
13Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, KL, Malaysia
2Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
45 Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The evolution of technologies and the development of new media design for educational
purposes are expanding. This work aims to look at the use of blended learning and how it
affects students’ score in examination. BMT (Basic Movement Therapy) Digital Learning
was constructed and developed based on multimedia design guideline. A quasi-experimental
design using two groups with pretest posttest approach was used. A total of 103 students
from the Universiti Kuala Lumpur, RCMP (Royal College Medical, Perak) were divided in
two groups. The Control group received standard teaching sessions (N=51). The Treatment
group received the same standard sessions but additionally used BMT Digital Learning
application (N=52). Written test on basic movement therapy was done by students before
and after the intervention. Statistically significant better scorings for the treatment group
were found. The results strongly suggest that the use of BMT Digital Learning application is
suitable for practical procedure purposes.
Keywords: Blended Learning; Basic Movement Therapy; Digital Learning Resource
ENGAGING GAME DESIGN IN LEARNING HISTORICAL PATRIOTIC
HEROES: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS
Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain1, Hazrati Zaini2, Mohd Nabil Bin Zulhemay3, Aslina Baharum4,
Wan Farisa Bustamam5, Fariza Hanis Abdul Razak6
12356Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM),
4Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
ABSTRACT
Computer games are often considered as a one of the teaching and learning tools for the new
era. This is because computer games are appealing to students. However, there are
indications that user perceptions of engaging game design cannot be taken for granted. In
this preliminary study, we investigate students’ perceptions of engaging game design in
Learning Historical Patriotic Heroes. In total, 33 students were involved in this study. The
data were examined using standard descriptive statistical approaches. The results of the
study indicated that the majority of the respondents are interested in the idea of Learning
Historical Patriotic Heroes through game approach. Hopefully, the outcomes of this
preliminary study will underline the need for developing a rigorous engaging game design
for learning historical contexts.
Keywords: Engagement, Game Design, Historical Patriotic Heroes, Students’ Perceptions.
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE TPM
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIAN AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY
Adnan Bakri
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a brief development of the research framework to be used as research
tool to assess the actual practice on how the Malaysian automotive company emphasizes the
critical success factors (CSFs) construct in the actual total productive maintenance (TPM)
implementation. Seven CSFs construct which identified to have the most significant impact
in TPM implementation was embedded as the main component in the developed research
framework. Those seven constructs were combined based on the cause-and-effect (fishbone)
diagram and were further categorized into two main contextual factors, namely human
contextual factors and operational contextual factors. This has created a uniqueness of the
framework since the study will assess the important of CSFs constructs from both human
contexts as well as from operational context standpoints.
Keywords: Research Framework; Total Productive Maintenance; Critical Success Factors;
Automotive Industry.
LOCALIZATION FOR E-LEARNING WEBSITE OF COMPREHENSIVE
UNIVERSITIES IN MALAYSIA
Grace Jelang Anak Thomas1, Aslina Baharum2, Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain3, Nordaliela Mohd.
Rusli4, Jason Teo5
1245Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
3Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka
ABSTRACT
Have an e-learning website ever offended or confused users through its metaphors,
navigation, mental model, interaction, or by its appearance? The main objective of this
research is to determine the user expectations in e-learning websites of comprehensive
universities through localization based on user preferences. This research will show how
users interact with e-learning websites and find the patterns that can be used as standard
guidelines to design the best e-learning websites. The significance of this research is
research on the localization of e-learning websites is scarce and that would entice the
readers. The problem that seems to appear in this research is how a slow interaction with e-
learning websites has made the users feel inconvenient. Besides, too many web objects on
the user interface of e-learning websites would confuse the users. This research used a
mixed method; content analysis (qualitative) and localization (quantitative). An e-learning
website is very useful, especially for students and lecturers, as this platform is very efficient
as a blended learning purpose. This research will come out with guidelines on where the
users localize the web objects according to their preferences. Thus, hopefully with the
guidelines, developers and designers can develop an easy and fast information search for e-
learning websites.
Keywords: User Expectations; Web Objects; E-Learning; Localization
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF THE
ABLUTION FACILITIES WATER CONSUMPTION IN MOSQUE
Azizi Mursidy Zainol Abidin1, Jamilah Abbas2, Mariam Abdullah3
123 Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Shah Alam, Selangor
ABSTRACT
Ablution is a cleansing or purifying process performed by muslims in order to perform
prayers. In mosque the absolute place for this process to be carried out was by using the
ablution facilities. The aim of the research is to develop the framework for measuring
performance of the ablution facilities water consumption in mosque through the
congregators preferences towards facilities provided. The findings of this research will
accommodate a set of values and principles which provide a new approach to considering
decision-making in measuring the performance of the ablution facilities water consumptions.
Keywords: Mosque; Ablution Facilities; Facilities Performance; Water Consumptions
SOCIAL ATTRIBUTES AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION TOWARDS SMART
CITY DEVELOPMENT
Nurul Asra Abd. Rahman1, Zainab Mohmad Zainordin2, Emma Marinie Ahmad Zawawi3
1 2 3 Centres of Studies for Construction, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
ABSTRACT
This paper objective is to gauge the level of social attributes and public participations
encompassing aspects of smart people and smart living which are some of the characteristics
lie in the social aspect of the smart city system. Data samplings of 100 returned
questionnaires answered by respondents in Subang Jaya, Malaysia, were analyzed to
simulate the findings. Results indicated that the social attributes of smart people and smart
living among the communities in Subang Jaya are at moderate levels while their
appreciation and participations to the attributes are at high level. The city combination of
modern infrastructure, advanced usage of information technology, effective strategic plan by
local authorities, and close collaboration of public and private enterprises can ease the
process towards achieving a smart city status. This natural cycle chain of behavioral change
among the communities in Subang Jaya that promotes the social attributes of smart people
who embrace smart living could be used as a model for smart city development in Malaysia.
Keywords: Public Participation, Smart People, Smart Living and Emerging Smart City.
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND SERVICE QUALITY ON
HOUSE BUYER’S SATISFACTION IN PR1MA HOME
Aziam Mustafa1 , Nasriyah Hj. Adnan2 , Siti Salwana Mohd Nawayai3
123 Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Owning a home is the dream of many Malaysians. The establishment of Perbadanan
PR1MA Malaysia is aimed at making this dream come true. They are dedicated in not only
designing and building affordable quality homes that suit the needs of the buyers, but
simultaneously they take pride in ensuring that they are accessible. However, there is a lack
of empirical study done on whether PRIMA Home could fulfil the expectation of
homebuyers. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the relationship between product
and service quality on house buyers’ satisfaction in the PR1MA Home. A survey was
conducted among private developers in residential areas that are implementing PR1MA
Home. 250 questionnaires have been distributed to the house buyers of PR1MA Apartment
at Putrajaya. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to find the overall fitness of the
model. The result has shown that service quality has a major influence on house buyer’s
satisfaction.
Keywords: PR1MA Home; Product Quality; Service quality; Satisfaction; Structural
Equation Modelling.
THE INNOVATION OF MARKETING MASTERY
(P.O.W.E.R. MAP MODEL) FOR START-UP ENTREPRENEUERS
Azizan Osman,
Richworks Group, Shah Alam
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
This concept paper discusses how innovative marketing model (P.O.W.E.R. Map Model)
and motivating leadership initiate by Azizan Osman marketing model contributes to a
success of start up business entrepreneurs. The own self-designed instrument dynamic and
innovative 10 P’s marketing knowledge developed by Azizan Osman, used as entrepreneurs
leadership platform. Marketing Mastery 10 P’s P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model is a professional
innovative ideas with a creative approach by Azizan Osman’s (10 P’s Model for Marketing).
The 10 P’s Model was introduced as an extension of the well known 4C and 7 C Marketing
model. This models “P” letter is born in the eagerness of moving the traditional Marketing
mix model from the productions focus to the Customer (or consumer) focus. This simple
mapping of words created a shift in marketing management thinking and strategy. Modern
economies have shown this paradigm shift towards customer satisfaction as a priority.
Marketing Mastery 10 P’s P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model born to explain how successful
marketing organization deal of strategy that could increase business profitability in a short
period Marketing Mastery 10 P’s P.O.W.E.R. MAP Model is a professional representation
of the Compass diagram with the concepts that describe the 10 P’s: Problem, Potential,
Market, Research ,Solution, Demand, Product, Competitors Practices, and Proposal (10 P’s
refer to Bahasa Malaysia vocabulary). This concept paper likewise observed the personal,
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
professional, and developmental impact of introducing a constructive developmental
perspective to entrepreneurs or “would be entrepreneurs” programme in marketing business
and leadership development conduct by Azizan Osman as Richworks Groups’ CEO.
Therefore the conceptual paper proposed the study of the development the marketing
concept and strategize new resolution in business world. Consequently, the study foreseen to
transform business performance and boost entrepreneur to effective marketing resolution.
Keywords : P.O.W.E.R. Map Model, Start-up Entrepreneurs, Marketing Mastery
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The organizing committee wishes its highest appreciation and thank to the
following:
SYNAR SETARA RESOURCES SDN. BHD
KNOWLEDGE CREATION SDN. BHD
GREEN ARTS MEDIA SDN. BHD
RICHWORKS GROUP OF COMPANIES
and
To those who are involved in organizing the International Conference on
Sustainable Engineering and Technology 2016
International Conference on Sustainable Engineering & Technology
29th September 2016
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