Science Chapter 6 periodic table

Chapter 6

Periodic Table

Prepared by:
MUHAMMAD ALIF ISKANDAR BIN
HASLAN FADLI
MUHAMMAD FAAIQ BIN DANISH SUFIAN

6.1
CLASSIFICATION

OF ELEMENT

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT ?

AN ELEMENT IS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF SUBSTANCE. IT CANNOT BE DIVIDED TO
TWO OR MORE SIMPLER SUBSTANCES. THERE IS ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM IN AN

ELEMENT.

IRON,OXYGEN,HYDROGEN,ALUMINIUM,CARBON AND COPPER ARE ELEMENTS.
OXYGEN IS THE MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS THAT EXISTS ON EARTH.

HH O O
HH O
O

O
O

Hydrogen Oxygen Tank
Tank

WHAT IS COMPOUND ?

A COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS
COMBINED CHEMICALLY. IT IS PRODUCED FROM A CHEMICAL

REACTION. COMPOUNDS CAN BE PRODUCED IN THE
LABORATORY OR IN A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. EXAMPLES
OF COMPOUNDS ARE ALUMINIUM OXIDE,ZINC SULPHIDE,IRON

CHLORIDE,SUGAR,WATER,SALT.

Elements in the compound : Elements in the
Sodium and Chlorine compound :

Carbon , Hydrogen and
Oxygen

Salt

Sugar

PERIODIC TABLE

ATOM AND MOLECULE

AN ATOM CONSISTS OF THREE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES, WHICH ARE PROTONS,NEUTRONS
AND ELECTRONS. PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM, WHILE

THE ELECTRONS CIRCLE AROUND THE NUCLEUS.

THE STRUCTURE OF PARTICLE WITH
ATOM POSITIVE CHARGE

NEUTRAL PARTICLE WITH
NO CHARGE

PARTICLE WITH
NEGATIVE CHARGE

THE NUCLEUS HAS AN OVERALL POSITIVE CHARGE DUE TO THE POSITIVELY –
CHARGED PROTONS IN IT. THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM IS EQUAL
TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS. THUS, AN ATOM IS NEUTRAL.



METALS NON - METALS

1) ALUMINIUM 1) IODINE

 MALLEABLE  BLACK CRYSTAL
 STRONG AND LIGHT  POISONOUS
 GREY AND SHINY  ANTI SEPTIC

2) IRON 2) CHLORINE
 GREENISH YELLOW GAS
 STRONG  BLEACHING
 MALLEABLE  POISONOUS
 MAGNETIC SUBSTANCE
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR 3)SULPHUR

 GREY  YELLOW POWDER
 POISONOUS
3)COPPER
4)CARBON
 STRONG
 RUSTPROOF  BLACK
 DUCTILE (BENDS EASILY)  SMOOTH
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR  LIGHT
 BROWN  THE ONLY NON – METAL ELEMENT THAT

4)ZINC CAN CONDUCT ELECTRICITY

 STRONG
 GREY
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR

6.2 Mixtures

Definition of mixtures

• consist of two or more elements or compounds
mixed physically
• Examples of mixture:

- Air batu campur
- Burger
- Hotdog
- Cocktail

Methods to separate mixture

• If the mixture is formed physically, it can also be separated
physically

• Method to separate mixture is shown as below
- filtration
- distillation
- separation using magnet
- sedimentation
- floatation
- chromatography
- sieving

filtration

Method used to separate an insoluble
solid from a mixture of solid and liquid.

distillation

• Method used to
separate a completely
miscible liquid-liquid
mixture that have
different boiling points

Separation using magnet

• Magnetic attraction can be used to
separate two solid mixtures in which one
of the substances is magnetic while the
other is not

• Iron, nickel and cobalt are example of
magnetic metals.

• Gold, bronze and aluminum are
examples of non-magnetic metals.

Sedimentation

• When sand is poured into a beaker filled with water, two
layers will form in which water is at the upper layer and
the sand is deposited at the base of the beaker.

• Sand is not soluble in water and has higher density.
Therefore, sedimentation method is used to separate a
liquid and insoluble solid mixture

Floatation

• Used to separate soluble and insoluble
materials in water

• For example, oil has lower density than
water

• Therefore, oil will float on the water
surface. A separating funnel can be
used to separate the water and the oil

Chromatography

6.3
Compounds

Definition of compound

• Consist of two or more elements mixed
chemically

• Has specific characteristic for each compound
• Water is a basic example of compound

Combination • There are metals that would react when
between metal and combined chemically with non-metal
non metal element

• Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper
are the example of metals that will react
when combined with non-metal(oxygen)

• The example of the compound created can
be seen from the table.

Alkali • Alkali compound is created by mixing
compound metals that will react with water

• Alkali compound releasee hydrogen gas

• Lithium, sodium and potassium is classified
as alkali metals

Iron and
Sulphur
powder will
form iron
sulphide
when heated.

Methods to separate compounds

• Compounds cannot be
separated physically like
mixture because elements in
a compound are bonded
chemically

• Compound can only be separated
by electrolysis

• Electrolysis is a chemical
decomposition of a compound to
its elements by passing an electric
current through the compound.

Difference • Physical change does not • Chemical change forms a
between form a new substance new substance which is
physical and different from its original
chemical • example: ice melting, water substance
change freezing, water boiling
• Examples: rusting of iron,
photosynthesis, decaying
of leaf and cell respiration

Comparison
between
physical and
chemical
change

Mixtures Comparisons Compounds

No Formation of new substance Yes
No Yes
Physical Chemical bond Chemical
Same Different
Separation method

Properties of new substance compared to the
original

Difference beween mixtures
and compound