CREATIVE REPORT : TYPOGRAPHY NAME : NURUL ELLIEKA BINTI KHAIRUL MATRIKS NO. : 09DRG22F1012 SUBJECT : DVG20033 TYPOGRAPHY CHECKED BY : TS. EZLINA BINTI MOHAMAD ESA
TIMELINE OF HANDWRITING IN ANCIENT ERA
Clay bullae : Cuneiform : Hieroglyphics : -8000–3100 B.C.E. Mesopotamia -Small portable clay tokens were fashioned into specific shapes to represent objects in approximately sixteen economic categories—sheep, grain, oil etc. -c. 3000 B.C.E. - The cuneiform characters evolved from pictograms that had been rotated onto their sides, abstracted into symbols and organized into horizontal rows. -2613–2160 B.C.E. -The Egyptian writing system is fused with the art of relief carving—the Greek translation of hieroglyphics is " sacred carving." 1) EARLY WRITING IN CLAY AND STONES (CLAY BULLAE, CUNEIFORM, HIEROGLYPHICS)
Archaic : Classical : Hellenistic and Greco-Roman : -to the end of the 6th century B.C. -The Greeks created poetry before they made use of writing for literary purposes, and from the beginning their poetry was intended to be sung or recited. -480-323 B.C.E. - The Classical Period of ancient Greece was a time when the Greeks achieved new heights in art, architecture, theater, and philosophy. -3rd century B.C. onward -Through the researches of the Alexandrian scholars, texts of ancient authors were preserved. 2) EARLY GREEK
3) EARLY ROMAN 2nd Century B.C.E. Following the Greek style, the first Roman stone carved letters were of equal width and without serifs. The Romans added some word spacing to divide the words into single units via dots placed midline.
4) CLASSICAL ROMAN 1st Century, C.E. It maintains an enduring legacy of ancient Rome, its culture, and its people. The earliest Roman literary works were historical epics retelling Rome ' s early military history, while the later works were poetry, comedies, histories, and tragedies.
5) ROMAN LETTERFORM 1200 B.C.E. The symbols would instead represent sound. This cut the necessary number of symbols down to a much more manageable amount. These letters could be written quickly and were much easier to learn.
6) BLACK LETTER 1150 until the 17th century. Also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule, or Textura, was a script used throughout Western Europe
Guttenberg ' process of making type began by hand carving the mirror image of each letter on the end of a soft steel punch, which was later hardened. The punch was struck into a softer metal matrix, usually of copper. The matrix was then used as the base of a mold which shaped an individual piece of type. Italic font, or italics, is a style of typeface in which the text appears slanted.While italics are mainly used to draw attention to certain words or passages, the font also plays an important role in differentiating the titles and names of things such as novels, movies, and even spaceships from other text. PRINTED-TYPE ERA 1) MECHANICAL WRITING (GUTTENBERG'S SYSTEM) 2) ITALICS (ITALIANS)
Islamic Calligraphy Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of handwriting and calligraphy, based upon the alphabet in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage. Eastern Calligraphy The design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, dip pen, or brush, among other writing instruments. CALLIGRAPHY ART
TYPES OF CHARACTERS 1) CAPITALS Also called as upper-case letters and often formed differently from lower-case letters, used for the beginning of sentences, proper nouns, and abbreviations. They can also be used for purely aesthetic purposes.
2) LOWERCASES Lower case are known for being minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters, as opposed to upper case or capital letters.
3) PUNCTUATION Such as a full stop, comma and apostrophe, are the marks used in writing to separate sentences and elements of sentences and clarify meanings.
4) MATHEMATICAL SIGNS A figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula.
5) SYMBOLS A character or symbol that isn't considered to be a punctuation mark but may still be used in writing for various purposes.
2) FONT a collection of characters that share the same type family, typeface, and type size. 3) TYPEFACE a collection of characters that have the same style, weight, and width. 1) TYPOGRAPHY a collection of letters, numbers, punctuation, and other symbols used to set text. TERMINOLOGIES IN TYPOGRAPHY
Italic : a type style that's almost always slanted and is designed to create emphasis in text. Bold : always with a heavier stroke than the regular/upright version. Extended : those with characters that typically take up a great deal of horizontal space. Condensed : references to the typeface's width, usually implying narrower versions of its normal width. 4) FONT FAMILY 5) LETTERFORM the unique shape of a letter, with characteristics shared throughout a typeface. used especially in typography, palaeography, calligraphy and epigraphy.
2) SUBSCRIPT a character, usually a letter or number, that's printed slightly below and to the side of another character. 1) SUPERSCRIPTS a distinguishing symbol written immediately above or above and to the right or left of another character. IDENTIFICATION OF :
3) OLD STYLE a historical classification for typefaces that draw inspiration from Roman lettering and the Carolingian minuscule to include forms that reference the stroke of a pen. 4) LINING FIGURES approximate capital letters in that they are uniform in height, and generally align with the baseline and the cap height.
http://www.designhistory.org/Handwriting_pages/EarlyWriting.html https://www.britannica.com/art/Greek-literature/Classical-period-5th-and-4th-centuries-bc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cursive https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackletter#:~:text=Blackletter%20(sometimes%20black%20lette r)%2C,1150%20until%20the%2017th%20century. https://fonts.google.com/knowledge/glossary/letterform https://careerfoundry.com/en/blog/ui-design/beginners-guide-totypography/#:~:text=Typography%20is%20the%20art%20of,brings%20the%20text%20to%20 life. https://wheecorea.com/ra-masia-project/east-asiacalligraphy/#:~:text=It%20is%20the%20design%20and,harmonious%2C%20and%20skillful%2 0manner%E2%80%9D. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackletter#:~:text=Blackletter%20(sometimes%20black%20lette r)%2C,1150%20until%20the%2017th%20century. http://www.designhistory.org/Handwriting_pages/Evolution.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript#:~:text=A%20subscript%20or%20supe rscript%20is,baseline%2C%20while%20superscripts%20are%20above. REFERENCES