The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนหลักการบัญชี

Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by khomgun, 2022-02-12 02:56:00

เอกสารประกอบการสอนหลักการบัญชี

เอกสารประกอบการสอนหลักการบัญชี

Keywords: เอกสารประกอบการสอนหลักการบัญชี,เอกสารประกอบการสอน,หลักการบัญชี

285

c:...- r J

I I ~'/ I )./ I

1 l ~'El~lil -! "Ln l tJLH \JI t.ll nfl]11 Jnro

r,

Cro [ ,H,__, lrl7l,,, xx:

r!

I Cro L-v1 rni X'"/\_
I
21~--;-;rn~~n1_l-~1u1 rrn11 t ~mi ,nu:J"' '" 'J i 'r~~;'/1'
v,IDro I I -V'• ~"C
J ~v1 'J 'I ..JVl1
I er . 111l'1lv 1ul :r\l\J 1 u-:;i\'l'C~ n XY

VI
3_J n 1;?,;'.·a-- ------, ,_..,I
i)71{~~]~n~ Tv l ~il \JI
1r<n, ;·~;rn 1s JJ Dr . n1-l 'ii? I U11-J -JI tl~'y_· '.! 1
I ,,,,,
<.I '-r r.~ r, XX
Cro rn"'l;! i 'JlJ\l\111!
·;'"' 1 tJ l 7 \l ..J'l'~t LJ.J ur:1h'J 'J /1

- ~~~~--~--,,__~~-~, r---~+-~---;;,__,-;----~,__,~~~~~~--~~~

4 llnJUH 1r;m .:i ·r:; in 1..:irn'1-,;vl 'iJ '· "\T\r
~/ L\. .t'.
Dr . fft\'Vlll "L.lf'i l '?I I U
~ I VI
,f I "'/ r

tH..JI H;;,· Lnn~'.1n~· -:in11n 1-l u-:;i1u cr . llil, n 1tJtH\llt! xx

,,,

l i6'n l l 1J' '1-J I cj ! :! Yit.J LrW Url'l.!'Vl'U
~

i

•I

286

,-------,.: - I

'"'~J ·~- <oJ

'Jlifll HJ \lUDi·"J \l .11-J :f ~·:11J I \l .Vh
CJ

l~ JIUfn J" ~ c~

fl I J" ~1 \l 1Ji 1: 'j

(J

I •v I
~~ c.,..- c..-'· ~.
lJ.J'EltllUviUfll HJ871 l7J I tlfl T::1J'J'Uf)') ~- ~~ ..._,,, o.,.. c! ,._, , r ,

SJ L~J.J mm 11 m n. \l lJfT; Jnfl ;iu
~/ I i:.i
f C\

"'1 ~

inLLHU t.,7::fll l a'l l 't.J1 H-JIU
---;.-,---------·
v
vv
2 1'DU'.f'1i'llVltl'iJ'El\l ~'.uPJ 1 :v{ti 271L£:~-v111
.11...i").
v q '/ ~
, r~r xx
Ln nJ
L?J l 1JfJ'Ot.u n1ch
CJ SJ

~ cfr v ~

1!;'.J]A1.!I!.IJ.{1Jl2LY (Fi n ished Goods)

,,
ih n nJ~....::J ~
CV r-. )r·.
L
'J'ilfll :r ci \l:urTj'l;urn
v S!

~

f)') 'HJ \J 1J()I I
CJ

v vv

2 1nur1n1viu~E\l~UA I U2~L ~ ~~111 L\...b...
q'
~
l U'Wf!l.!Vl'l-Ji:J I u
q

287

v~ ~
1 . Lwul.1JJ..Jlt~tl:i''.;frD1J':~'rut:r,rH L~~'L!'?Ju..Jvn~111u llfil:::r-1-:i1m:rn·1u'.iJ'.
q

c.,..; c-j

1Jf'J1HLLi rnJ T;; l f1VI 711 'I r.1

II ~_.,

2 . ll CJ'Ul iJ Hl:J JT~ fluU'i~~'1Jl)f11 J'JJ1.J~f1il'l JlJlJJ :/7J 'J 'I fl'Yfl '.f JJJfn 1
"'
crnn rro,.:::.~ ~

0c J a..; ..,:'J

')',Jfll h! ..J lJ:.; 'j\j 11.l J ~-.;') ') 'I 0Y1°1
<J
v
e-·i r; i:,..- r-J.r,, ~
'J lifn :lt.!'31Jf11·1~!1lf'l i flJ l F.J JlJ
...... 1J

r1 ~ cJ ?/

I • ~ '3Ll'.U1Jl'Ll i'IJ I U,1,;J I 'lr.!J'J'I :i fn '.f 'Cl '31JLJ 'W11.J'vl1F
r.J 9
1)/ ,. ;
~e..JU~b'1J1J
2. ft:"..lUA l~~ c ~~'"'"J~'J'l ~ ra.j ~ n:r:r~ !..J ?

fl1f117U

'il l tl 29c ,, - 1Jl 0vl
75 .- 1JI V!
I VI

1. LU1Y1t~~ 'Yl'i.J 'Wfl I Jfi°I 'W '3 1 1.!



I
«'l

vl'W 'JLIV\ 1·J

...

v

'.!:!

1 • [email protected]

1•

2.

3.
4.

5.

r

.J .

3.

2.

n3 . I1 '.
mn1YirJu1
-v L u'Jnun 1 J ,- .J'Vl1!
'l

..,

2 . 1J'.f:i'U I U~'.fD~Un~'J'JU l .J

3 . 'Vl!LL1J11~ff~fi

5 • illlE L'?D.~. 2 111 lJ

1• I

... <; ;') v... .. ,.,.. ' ) :1. .... r'J' ~ ,.,.. '1
2 . llr: L DUU 8 l~ un 11L ~'J L nr 1 :~rn1nvLU~?v1JU L ~nnn~uL?.
'I , •

3 . ·J'.f: L ~1\CJ'Elv 1n n1 H''Jull '.f: ·hrnn

I

7. ~~'J f)l:i' <:u)),
I .. l
1 • Luml1 Jn l HJ'J1.ll ll,'1/,U1U~ 1C

2.

291

°""I .,., .c:;J I fV
.:!;
~ ,;,.!_

':lf11Jfll :J :J 'HHYILbll') f'l'YHJ7l fl Lflt! Wl'll L'i!'Ufnc= . --
., ...~ ~~~~-~v - . . .,- · .o::ii:... • j

- .--• ., •••

I

e..-- r~ ~ aJ

'"11D1J V'(Jr1'JJti-:irn rnni'il u ''Llfli J" vf1ff1r

~-"'-_..__,.. ............~,,. ...::...--~- ~ ~J&:c.:~..:.=-~·~-.c.- ~

~n :i:rn1lJV1l.l'HJ '?m-:i fn" ':n rn a..' r.,! l!!.l rn :nvnivi::1S flnurn nn -:i rn r ~

~ n1~~ cn 1 ; r 1'i'.:l L.:iu

IV II
Ci~.L.f:l~\Y4clr.i-im' !. li~J '\..l EJ~")I "~ ~ n1F~..1..l:jlJ')\Yv~lJ'?J'U'l
flfn w'll tl 'l vfn I ~• . n G3
Hli L11'1.M I fl
tlfll J LVl-01 'WU

I :, I
n11Lt~ ~>.tJlJtJ·Jvl nn tlfn '.J' ~'1 v1J.;Y'l~ !, nfl~tlYnl.JJ" ~ U ~ l( ':lri·1 in ri°1vn.in fWJth tJ~flfl'I l1
'I
(} rnJ

~I ~ .:,, r~I V ~,· r_,,,. c:J ~ ~ ~
c.-'
tf'
n, ,'!t1l.Ji u LvYt:rvvwn0 ~-1u.J1 um r L-:i m Li'l ~ .JI 'W'lt11 n 'Vltl '..1i1r1vn U'7J 'D'l rn r u ;: 6.llf'IA'El rn :J ':l L\'I '.ii :-;i;j
"'"' t ~-'
I 'i ...., ,
LL fl ~mfofr:i b~'7Jln YI~· 'JlJJ 'll-i1 d'hi nU'll 'Wfn J L~H L·~ull'.l::; U'nJ1 'Wfll HJ~!iii HI Hfll u1 'W

"lt 'Y V ~/
rn~-1Jcf.-'' '.~'1ff'"l"'1fl t'l l1 'll i \J Yl o.J'U-..:' I ·. I ~,,.
·o
DlvLL1J'lUllr.:l; i.h ~U1Wi.lb'iJ fl •3 1lJ ~ L flt~ <lJ

f'l'El

v ·1 I I ~
~ f"~ ~

L 'lJ TI\JLL
rrn1'JHn u :rn:r lrn ~ ..::j
u
r/ .::J ·1.~ ;:; m CV L~~·mm V :r 11 ~ ~1.J ; ~ w r:-~ v, fl

rn nJQ..j,'".DfnlW.· -:q..i ...,: :r ·;;91 rn 1w

•• I :..· <'. II V
1iJl nuui~~flll ll ~ r 11J:J 1l.JJI Ufll J"fll l '~J·v ~lh 'DUY ~"t U'llUl U~flHtH~~LLYlflffl 'l i1\JU

°""' '4 ~ . a..-' .c=:l
f1'1J"rn :':llfn:J L..:i ll ( F i rianci;.i.l Acc oun ti ng ) fl'HHLlVlfl:Jltlfn:lfl 'I
....
v1m 1 1Jrn r ~v1t L~Y1]1~.i1 unvm :r ~1I-utif. L~... 'lll'~11JI ~-·
~I ~fin ;.1rn :r l uu :r:; L fl ~; l ~ ~.nn1Il ~'lXliiJ.J
I ~I v1 tw'l

:s.I

n0J1~J1Y1J"V1'.L~lH~'Vl.rf:::$l'Ll2:'::U V ! ..~ t 1~lwiJ,. (I,')~ ~ ,·j ,.:-1 ~ Vi .d.~ :JJ ,:!I ~

l :1-:it.nv f1'.f\J n1~; 1 LYl 'ml\'IJ 'l
P1Hur1nl t l i: n J u l : l

SI V 'I I I <•

r1 cv ,~ ..=e ~ r.,.,. 0 um~ ~; :rl.lw ~

':'.i \Jfll mnrv :::flti-.i v'?1 Vl l
n11utitJf11Jfl '".ll J.J'i-l'i'.:l'l m :J 'll 'El'1 cJ1 t1"il'l fll :J
I ~ ,· J.JflJ'lJ!J.n

&::: 'I ~ .. I 'I

f1~Jl'l 1.lll'i..J"1J'c:::.: T'l rnr:Jii'El \l'.l'l'i.M l 'Li ffl'.f L'll! "J '1llf1°l V\lj'7J I Yn1V.ll ~'i :;;-JU'flf] .<; ·c:1·1\J

1YD Lii'i 'E!LL
~ ~ 'I

r-:) r; ~ t/ 6~ v~

th,'] fl') 0 L'Wll'1 1 l.!Llfl~ fl 'U~~n\JT11 'j' L'1 l 1.'lfll,1fi"lfn J fll '.]1J1'.i1fl ntlfll J" ']u-Jfll T!Y)'il

'.!I'll

I1
•;·~ h ) ~ ~ r.-' ~~
~~ e,/ O I

::::r 1um LfJI d l'l'l..l'v:;:-vmn L"iX1'n
;: ·\~ l'fltl ~WLU 'Jll 8~)J'[i1'(1 fl'", ') '!..i'L' '.J :; j)'QU 'Vll UU
t":.! '"~
v e.J -;.,1 q- I .~ ~ v r..J

fll'J rn'.1"llffW'Vll.l (C os t Accountin"' ) J.J'lilflfllf1Ufil l 'll'Ll lfltl1fl'.i.Jfild'1J·~'l!
I "' l 'I · ,;"' I I
I/ ,,,

m '.) L ~ll LLf1'V~LlflfW11 \lnlJfll J J}";~fll J l ~J1 U'il'Ll~ 11 V~J 'JlJ :J 'Jilnmn mi 1/lflJIUfn J

l• " II < 'l V

,· ~ P, ~ ~~
:r :r'VlU ~~mrn bUtlfl'i..H11.l'J 'J·Jfll J Y't'1 Ll !'W'l I 'i..i 'fJ'r.ll -J 'vl1.J,1 '1 bl ti ~111.rvrnt'D\l m CJ!,'lm;rn=n ·~ro.:i
~ .-1 O/
v I t 'I II v

n·vrn :Jl flU~.-rYltilh :;;~ -:J fllh ~\l 'Ll..J fn Hl JI 1JY1U'Vlti'?J'El'1 Vil! 'JU fl I \J '1 LVil ~v ::;1)llil1..lflfl1..l'l/IU
'l v 'I I 'l
1C): vi 1 1., "" f"l"·' ~ ,, I I
1•.t:JUfl
m·b'!-1 LU~ lL nrl :;;11'WY1 !,:~ ~ ><J n.J._.r. u-'=l-lJ
"'l i;:< ~ u0h: mmm •;J l J ' l ':l ' J I rn
m n. :i.JE.Jfl"a
Yl'J ·rnw:iurnim ll I !U 1 .., v

f/ f

m1ww ~ U'LJ'fi-.: rn c/, ,::..! '.l 1 r l. ~ ~ ~rne.'-".11r1:1rt:n ~ ~ 1 um 1-J 1~ ~

~ 1Jrn~'J1riJm j1Jt::'J1 rn L-:J 1.mfJ ~fl':! Lfr7J'Yl~v L1.lu r n1 Lfl1'1 'llU

y~ ~ '~ \1 V y· ~ t"" I ~v :• ~ &:""~ I •.· I
d! bFi .:::;!
&.::;! •· Dlfl r..... r,.
LllJ..!l ~fi 'l ll 'j tl J1J~ ::; ~J fll ~jJUYl':l La'?Jv1 l, nf)'i'Jl.lll.~1)1 l ~-~J,fl11flW"~W'Y H C.'l'J1 \
l'tl'itJ -Jf)I I
1~ I
~
:r'i/1.U
~~Jl lUfl l ~J L1~J1..i:w 1fl~ c: 1 ~ ~ 1, 'j"iJ fl ' Y: :J. q u ~a.-' .-_,:J ,::eo:j

'i.YD im-Y 'JI rri.nt11.lJ.JI ~ f1\J u LU'\..lffW 'i'.ltn 'l 'i fl flfll r
~

292

29 3

... ... r

c..-' e;J I ,_..,,

fl./

P1'J lj.j 'Cf'W1DJ'.1J'i}\lf1I '.lllQJ'D tY•'tl f11 'Jvflf(l J"
i=.:c ~"'~ ==e..i •.-- ';:ii

2 94

v
"'~1

fJlJ'Ll'l/lfl
,"\ .... .... ..j
\J'l'Ubf'ltnffllJQ.]''Tiv
~ .... , J I t l ~1e1::! '·l v 'I ,., I 9/ ~-~'! VI

vm n fWl'.l "M ·yJJ J 'lJ'U \"l'J'll.J-\=.1! ~'hf'l..~..JLL fl~
Lfl'lJVI l

I I. II yy l .

tnuiri tvniTu~\Jv~unnnl u~ 1 tJ\ll'U0.r'U TI\l'll':!tJl 1M.JTI1 u :nu.J1u~1 J.J1 JT.w1ri~ill-v1 u
.., !I.I
I vI
I
1ifn:'!tl'I rn \I "1 rim.n \I~ L1Ml tl fll1tJ Lf'lJ.J'U
v \~

f.J ~ I ~
...,; """.tj ~

A1 'l lJ11JLlri~TI1J~D\J U flUru~ L TI'U fll1v~n1r
-- ~v n==

VI

'!unlif'l1UlV'ltJlJ;'l '.lllJtf immiuu f:l~ ~'lvnl um r vl'ln°'11 r 'tl~ L'l'JJJ'U

I'll'ltJ1V ,~Ll,,~!lJJ V 'vVHl \1',%111.l'ElIUFl~ll fJ L'.lfl'I

YrW1/lU'lt1J"'E)
\ 9J 9J

295

II
~ ~1IV~~~i=a~~~ l'_.,,!V~~
Mnn 1r 1t ~ 1 n1r1,._~,. n1 rA111 =c~:;/ ~11 ~ r ~ 1~ ~1 un 1~
ui~ u nuru~ L wn
~" :u

296

d, I/. G "... ?:::;::: ~ .. V
Lcn 'til '.f 1Jfll J" 'lvtJ'l.l'l.lri'l l t!tl\lTl.J ( Ot.;ra t ional Ro sc arch) Ufl~ 1.h ll nm l r1tWl H

· "Y!.Y~.t°'IJ,.11l611vl 'V'll'U\l LlI 'llJ~Fl!l'I ~-111v l

n2"U. n
nu(J_,incnr
Porgra:~un img ) 'Wfll J" fl~~'l.ll

I~ I vv

u· "\ il 'IJ..J'l'.f'bllbU \l Llh.Jf1 fiJ.JLll6ll

~ !ll

1•
2.

3.

297

I

~

5. 'f.l1.l '1

1 • c.Jml'f.llJLL Vl'l..!l~"l£lll f1'1l'lU = · 1 ... . ., ...n1 n;~vi~tv.~14i,mn"'IY 100%

------~·· - ~-.-----·---

U'Ofl'lJ'lU

(Ra.to of Return on Sales )

2. 100%

100%

(Ra te of Return on stoc k

hololq s s' I: qu·H~r )

J . .- ·

y .....

n ;11u'l 'Dfi n
~ '"lm.H1nn1m vn~ i·1 , )' ' -~ n'H £1r. ·:n l.l t·!1JJ1 j un1nnn''l11 .
SJ
nrn u. ;:o;ft -J ')"!

-· ___v

l"ll..lWULLt'l::m Hlflfhn'Y
- ~_,..,.
I Iv
1 ,. . "'th:J 1J"l"''i11
HJ.....f.f~ ::«"·•·!YI j~' 'I ~ "ll ~Ji~l lJ I Jllf)l 1.l n"l j",i'\fil 1'll'f.hlf)yf)'l1 '"l"l l fl

fl-JI)

I Iv
fJJ[Jl1Vl'DlJLLw1.n ¥ju \l wm1 fn1 ~, ·1 mn J.JruuL~1~J 1Jni1"Gm1 1nm mm -J '1 LLf.~ ~~n1wLL "lfltl'fll.J
'
I

'l.l'fl-.l'rp n-v17lui')1tl

y II v
'Zlm.m~ n'i.J":ll.l'D\J~-l! fll '.i'\'lfl~ ~n
wl - - --~c .: .'"_J
-.-sr-'"ww • -·-..nr.; _.

V II v yI
"11-!VIU~ l ritJ"l'!l":l-JnUfll Hl.1>iflill ~ Ll"l~ L~'l.Jfl1 l'ff1.J~l.J Y:n m :: JJlJURl~~;·'tll'"lLI \llU
' V IV iy
II IN
1~1..Jf)I j L~ml t'l ::JJI 7'l f)fll..n~u~il m.n '71 nll ~~fr.JDll ~ ']li I.l'T!-l'l11U l]fn 't'l\~ L~~'hJ

1'

298

yI

!filmtl 'flfl"l ~~ L~u1iJ

I.

1Y'I 1Ll"M"' Wltl':li.j!.j.'.fl"1.l"lU(Process · on o?ale )

y

-Xu1 itiln"l"l flUl"l?Jt'ln"lrn.\Tifl ~I
'1 •; ')'
1..!n"l I ~°"~" \'1 y V I
~'\ "'< , .j
L'V')"l~:::u ..!j .,\I nil"lt.JlJ1)f) 91 '0 ~ll:r ~ ~
HlMl'U L)..! 'W;t'l.l'Vn.l VilH'lflfl"l
L'G ·n-lr'f.l'Il'C".'/"l

m.t I ~nm:'.~I~[y ) L1Jrti1J l~1rnJfi'rn1yt!'Vl1.l~I WI lJ~l I ~' ~I flfl" l 1

Lriu 1Y'I nl"l 1"l l'l"l 'il l1 \l rl'l'i..llh L l{fo
1
~ VV I ~I V .Iq~t-1· "f"~l~ c:; '1 y
L1'1'. I'.J':::.·L· U"J'\..l"!'rf~l'~fl"l
UMl ~ r! fl "l f) ~ 7~1,f'J fl'l

Lll 'i:'l"l \"l'i.!Vllr.1 Li \ilJ't-J7:t.Jfl'"l"l 5""l ll"l Vl7:! tl 'J ':J '.' '.J
'

29 9

ilrin Ll~fl'D1JLt Vi'!.l'VI fl fl"1 Hhrnuttt.1 LV~tJ \li~!1Jv1 ~\11lJl v
I ,, V I
11F~l1r:i't.n \! t:\:U.l."J'fl'Jlf•1<"1'fn n1"'''El0.1rnh ;;:f1'f1tv ' i mm11arnrn1uf1 fl~ u:r 1 rr'1 61j'rn

m·Jiv ~ ' '\
v v~ CV' ~ '
fl l llH'31'Ul1'H flH U '.f~)Jlfil 1 . 60 lJl 'itl
sn um1 L D\!Yl'U\lli'U1Yl·'i:'lflU'.nX1UfJ~ 2 . 50

II I vi , I

\'1ll'li'Ll'Jtl rn ') &') '.: I~ mJ'L,._,, !ll Unh::::1.n r~ 1 1n i1/"v1'U'J~J I'~ q ~

L6.llv1 U lllf11 w. f(vfl1H'i1 L'l-li..lf1I HJ<:·w1

1ui111:r1 75 % 'JJ~.Jf1°1fi-..J rn HJM1i.Jnfi ·i11I11·V1'11nulwmw~m1-i nI 340,ooo m111

yl

1-ni~~ rJ~Fl rn r::ilu1r1

!i/ !i/ 6 1JI V1

l ,YlV'WLl Um :f TID~I nm1:1n11 U'W'Elf1
~
v I/

rn u~ri L'U \! rn n.rJl~im rn ~ri
'I

'Jrl'l:lfl1J1Jil \l l'l :r '1 125 , 000(2 . 5+50 , 00J)
Gl,000(1 . 6+50 , ooo)
I'
50, 00 :J(1 +50 , 0JO)
Prl UJ' \l \lll!':~ l '1<?1'.f \l ~ .LL §5.!..?~JO 80 ;..;; JO(25%3,p , JO :J)

I vi 5J , OOO

111l '11-:v1u1 um rnr!Ylil1m1h

300

,._ 2/ 2/

~ l'lU1/l'Ufltl'l!'Ll 'Jtl fnl1/l'U r 'Jl-1

') ffi:'!711J11li '11'l j -.j 'I '

. ' 'I 2.5 125 .000
1 . 60 80,000
Al LL HVl'Hl'lJ\I jQ ,000
~ 255,000
I vt .JOO 19..QO
5 . 10 45 ,000
Ai l '.ll'7nu'l urn 'HJ~riui.mur 6
0.9
:> ~l.J

, n2/ 2/

m1V1u, urn rn"--!u
,., 1 °1I 2/
un1ru~~~
~1uV1~1.Jr:~ un ~

f'l1JJ1 r b1l vI -JT•i•u~ v r1v~n-r•1uv

'.ll Vi01tJu1 Htl:r:::1u·llul

~ ~~ IV If" ~ ~ri'St/l f _'1 Hmrn:iri'l!lt.JrJ~F~l.fl-w!'W<Dl~l'ilfl

Lrinm:rinrn'V!uu-v L1JU
m1JJ2 • J' un -J m -J
~~ I ~ e--- '~~ ~ ~ r c:-; ~t
(V" fRI c:...-· a,..
l1J 1BWr1 -Jt.1J.JltJP! 'JIJ.J'JI i'..J8fif\(U'n'li1 L'Clfl'lll t!Lll :LJ LlhH:rnnnC\'n 'll J 'JJ.Jntl

30 1

II

~:::fl \JLl~1tl~ -.J'filUI 1m HL'?J\l eiu1 u d ~tJ ::t.n"

VY I v I I
'Jl 'J~fll ~- (~m 'llrrt.l'Vill, l fltJ') 'i'J'f.) \J n1Jiffin,n l nt.J')fl1Jfll
er.~"'~ ~ \J ,ntl'"t'J\'1'J ') J empI orary
:-="7T'""""' --.=..=-~ :;..3V~~.a=~~-~~......~~~

nushut down ) l fll H17lfll d"JI 1Yv1'U~fl rJJU1Jln~U ..J~'D fl'l :i Llfll H \J I U-li'Jll j 1 ":l Ll 7l
I y .I II , I SJ . ~_, •V V
""1"' '."\YI/
V~I \<i'lC..!Yltl \J'JUf) ') tJ'l). lfl l -.Jfl'W '?J'lin I fl t J 1Wll '/<J'j'El j 'f)"iL[) f)') i'i'i"1iU~Y"1Y1!fl1 f! nn I ;:: tl'l'l~'I flll l"l:::

~~ v
l MJl:f~ n-vJ't.J'lllJ l 1i 1 rl~tlfl1 Ufl'i'.l l '"l"il ;:'. '~'7 1 'JC:ll VitJY1 fn Hll lUU -.Jl lJrl'C'lti·n'11J1 fl Lfltl L "~~'J ') : :
LI
... I II II I .

, ufl') j~'LJf'lcO')fl '.i Y l{fU U-\J~ JI U'Vl 'LJ l'1 1i11'1U -.J ~v !::fl'O-.Jvl tJ'l JJ l'vi~J'Ll nlJfll ri1v1t d \J \J I 'Ll1 l t1'J
.
I ·v I yl ,- 1::: !/
fl! HWJfloTI1:1 :i i 'J'.l]J O'V'V:::fll:l -.J l ~lUfl ll 'lPr!Ul 'l-lfn dlfl :J \J rmn Llt1:::Y'lLL'ClV1ftitJ~U'\.l'l-ll Vi
V \ ~, I I I I ~ IV
I 'l I yl , II

'J 'LJl W~fII Wl 'TI -.Jl 'l-!1 fl l'"Jlll I'll l 'DI fll fnLl Plll l'li"i!IU Ufll j flllfnl~:::\'il 'W0iiJ1 !lt1Z1L1~'W
~'
!J v I v i I !/ II v•
L~tw1u :J lr,,11. 'll'v'HJ L'vrnl LrUfl'J1 f'l l 'll'V l ~J1 urn :rDri1H \Jl'l-li1:"1 n 'J ( t e:Jpo~nry

IV I I I vi

lshut do vm c 0 st ) UflYl'ir/11 J'.'1-.J~lJ I ,H'. 'JU'V ;;:7,'lflfl \J l.l 8 :::rn 'll v i UlL1h ciu-v::: <:Wri.1\J11.l

II I, JI !/ l !/
, ,~
(l,oO' '). 0. .....

Vi\J'..1l.Jrt l '}jU0J 1 191i;ifi1J fll l\H'.~ "1 \Jf!J\l fl'J'U'll12f1'li!l-.J'fYCll.J fll lllf-':\~ 1\J 'U~JJ fl'Jl~J

t/ I vI 1 II

Jmn~il\J\Jluuri::;tLfl \J 'G:;')l \l'Y~'lWli'l\J'lmn\J z'. 1u t.Ln cn itt ~-..:i -.:i1 u ;on l 'llll H\il ll ur.::;

III I
c.-' ~ .._.. e...-
11
:rn 1 rnLM mn U'1 H1 .J 1 fl rn ...:i fl \J 'Elu
°""" ~ I ~ qr1:,.,m~h:\ '1 ~ ~ ::; ~1u m1'1 I 1 ":!
~ ~ a_..
71 \Juu m ul
nn Lmi \J 1 P'JJ'J n

SJ l '2/ ~ SJ ~I "" ,r . .., , "" ...

v;r'r..J ~"IUH<':-?.JflD \I Ll.J«rIuu Lviuum J"'!llff1Jl1!Vl'V ::; Lrw11nH1 nm rn·c1mn rnJflm'.f'l ::;'1J1 u n:.n1
V I~
, VI I \I I !// I
ml l'll vi tJ 'W f1I ~-1J~1l '.f \l -.Jl '~-lsTI'J~1 'i" I 'J TIU! \J11:iu~ ::::Jini.Jfl 'J I lf\ '";::; L~.,_ flVl''H~'lJI YIVl'l..lll'JU~rlfl
1 ,
.... I I ~ ".. ,I,, ~ '1 V "" "" -;.;
l'l'J'.Ji.J I \J l 'll'W 1J '.f'.l:VtilJ.JUl'l \i'Y.lflfl •VlLlflrllHl:::'IJli.HiilAI 3 00, OJJ Vitl"JU

II I

JFJ~91Ufl~ flU~fl0i J"{'J'U l nUlfU'Jllil::; 2 1Jl 1~ J'1 fl 1 ?Jl trJl1.-! "JUfl:'. 5 jj") '1·1
l lm 0 i l-:1 n 1

fl 1

v JI I vy
•rlt.lVlU?l\J~ L)'.}0 1JfiY1~~'J~\Jfll HJ~mJ n~ 1.Lfl::;~vil 'J \J \J l1H:; Lnfl;1.! ~\J1.I

l '~fl J\J \JI 1\c;'j'J1'1'.fl 'J

,..... ~ v

fl ! 'Jff'i:Wl1JVll \JL!TIJ.J 84 , 000 1n v~ 3, 500 lJI VI

!)./

f'l'l L'. '.i -.JVll \JfJ'flJ.J 147, 0 JO 1JI VI 23, O·JO 1J1 Vl

' 2,200 u1 vi 2, 200 l lllll

\11fll i1l J \1-.J l 'W

i'll 1.h :; nuilu ·1 , 50:> 1Y1 °Jl 1 , 500 1JI VI

'I 15 , 500 vi~t.n 600 1JI VI
400 1.JI Vl
'.'l 1 11uwrnJ.Ju ·~1 :::u·1 r .Ji'm,v1 3.~ oo 1J1 VI
'l
2/

?117111 )..J'.f flm~i1'1 ..:i1w.t ~;\Jen -.J

302

..,

?l lL '1!1

vI
, r.j
260,000 1Jl. 1tl 37 ,200 1J'l11l
'.f11J\llUVlUn\11tl U.dJ'iEl'lthfnJ"~7ll 12 ,_800 1J1 1tl
0:: ~ d1 • v
I , vi • Lf1'UJflH'I Ln :f D\11'1l H\111! _20 , 000).1'1 1t1

Fl'll'lF)')tJ1urn:r

.I,

']j"Jf'IJl1

I vi I
lj~1J\'11 '1!-YVltll 'Uf11 j~Yi~l j \I \111.l'll'J?l JI J

IV VV I I
260,000 mvi LL\llu1 urfrv1ii1 :1J1rt:1'lJ~u1~191n'1lr ~ -:i1JLn11J.J1 nn-:i1 210,000 u1vi

I ~' I v ~I I 'Ll~f11J\vll'L.l~'~LlU"Y\H
"'!
( 2 60 , 000. - 50 , 000) l U'Wr.Jfll'll \1'11'0 \l\lll~'IJ;I \l 'Vl LVd~i'U7l0l l "" \ll ~-\I \!'IV
ii \I
'Lltl

I 11ruvi~n'JHli . I ll:lv.JiJl'i!l mll!~.,;l'lllJ UffI i~vllvllf1'JIlf1°ll I l nu

i1nn"J LUl!'l l 'Ll\ll'J111 H1 'JU

II 21J,OOO 1Jl1tl tDIti1r~rnrLl7llJ\l\l l 'Ll'if'Jll:rl'J l'fIlilVl'vlJI V11t11J1v.l1'lU~IilY1 l'Ll

ff1f1'J1

'I V I I , v i 'l
· n :rru'lJTI \llJ ~UWJ'W?l \I 10~n'11 H l'Jlll nUVltl 'JU fl: .2 lll VI l Ji 'l111JI J'bl'tJ.l17l'JI ?11 r"':

III V 1 j,.
'lJl'U'ElUl\l rhn·v11..!'JU~\l-V:njJ 210,000 1J'l 1t1 LY1'CJL TII 210,000 U'1 Vlv1'1Hnu 2 1J1 V!

V, V II
1l: ~ 105,000 ~U'JU ~ ,ifJ'O 35% 'lltl\IUtlM'lJ'l~Uf1\l~l 1,: ~,; ,

LW:r1:u:uu D1 U'.fUVl'lJ'I Unln'J1

~ ... ~ .!., ~v . ~v
l rl105 , 800 vlU 'JU ll'.f:UVlf1fl'J:fDY1 H \lltl'll'J\I '.f l "J'v1J"'Ol '1! i1J.Jf11 u L'.f 'f)..j\ll1.l1tltlU'Dl'l'll1U
'l

5 X = 2 60 , JJO + 3X- 50 , ~}JO

2 x ... 210,JJJ

x tI

•I
fn HlYl~-i.-J1 v Lnti'Jnll rn H'l \JmJ
-~~-=~ r

\11J'Cl\IV11.!Lnl!'1JlJ 'rWrn :rl t!f1''1J WC:ll~ll :r : : L~mrn Y l \l lltJU tL·G]:::~f)fj Jj l ~t!
,I SJ I

fl\!Vlt! lt-il. \'!Hfll :r m \J '1 '1J'J \J '.J :f n'0 m~ L"1l1! Ill :r ii'fl~'Ul v'lltJI UUr JJI Q.'.fll Hl~fl

'I V I IV 'II VV
.,,., "" ' l vT,,,ID \1-Y.,,.,m ' I~
'ilf\fllJ Ln:~r 'D v;:w "'' L11 :"r''J \I c1JJ'D \I flflll ·viu r n :r ~0 / Al v1 ,.,, .., •'i ' I
l 'Dl:J
vfl1Jm1n7JrnJ tirnrnJD 'JL?Ylll fll-l L"1

v I ~v I I !V Sj_, !V I
TIDn1n1:r LL m! rn :r t'DI 1 fl1 t llurn1 ll \J rn r i1V1~i!1 ;f\-Jnm "l'1ll \lml0l "Jt!LL7l t Ll1m1 :r

v
'~"'t!fll
·1..., "" 'l

M7rc:1.l l
~I .., ,, 'I "f"l /V1~\l , , "" '1 II
Uu,~"'!'./1J1.0J/ :::;'i
1 Lfl'i.J'Jfl iJ L\Jllrl\l 'v11..l l 1-l'DJ" H1Yi'Cl'i..l !. '? .-J </ 1J'l1JZl\11/ltl, ;!'l
'I , ,,
Lfll.JJfl

, !V~ l ~n'LID\l'lJ Jf"l'i \l ')I l "';l~l<OJJJ.J l fltJvL'Uli.\I11 wu1. ll'i!'t.lll!Yi L 'i'~ :JI 1 \J1J'8l \J VlU

tJri1 Vi L'v1'Llil"J11Jf'fi :::"JI
~1
I I 'I
uul f1''1 J"JI \I ll[J'll J :::u :::tn"J'LID \J'D :J D':)l.l Cl ::: ~~fllJ{il~ LL flfl\1 1 'l"J I fl \IJJU J :::lJI Q'.Vl'JLU'lJ'tN'.lI'.l n~

· 'Bel.--n ur:~~ rnvn , ::: n1 rn rn rYD,-II , \J ll '8l 'l 11iu 1 1 'I '

:::u·'D --:i·\JlJ ~ \i'l/lrnh l1J1lfll ~ 1:.mrV: u V\ rG.r' :u 1 nH11Ju
, 'I v I 1 1
I S/ I

1 ll°1!1-! 'v1 ;~ll~n l n ~Jll \I ~fl ~W~I L~JJ\1 r1 LU~'i.J 1 r'D
'lJI "fl \J ;! '.J\lfll J 'btn 'LJ '.l\J 'l l t! J 'D I Lf1 \!-?fl J

I SJ I I I VV I
l 1-llJ £--:i rn :f '8l \1 1:rwv1\lfl Z'lY:n::: ih,11\ "JU~ \JlJl fl t:WD t 1J~'LJ1J L ~UlJflll'.fltl111 LllVi') fl ')l fl') l lJ
, SJ .

_. I 'J1l.IJ~u.urhfl-~ ~1JJI~LJ'lIl LJU\liJ(l \l 'lflt\ II !V I
~, 1 I~
f'.:i.nTim ·()\Jflfll DUI \J L"1lU Uruwfi'u Ll'lrD\lnfl l817J
r'I
I v ~ ~ I I ~ vi
ll'lJD \I <'I "'i
lfl<!!!'D ~ tl~ 1J J r'l 4J fl,JJiYu'J I 1,l]tJ\lrnNVlWllJ'Jl 'li:Jfly
LLJJ'JT 'if:;: i.i 'DD \J
l ll 'Vl ,1

· vv Iv V
.. ·-:;n flI. n:r \l rn 1:r flt:lfl\lD \J';.1~\:i11rn1m -:it:rw1n\I
~ ' SJ

€'fl'.0r1. ~ L'Uvn ~1.l :r ~'rn r~i 3 -:i ll~ ..Ji:nin11Jm r r 'Jrn\1 um um riln2·1 !1. v :r ;'.;'LJ ~u1 J

I 'l I I I

I, n'LJ"JfllJfl 'Jl lJ LI JDv l ~lJ l ?1'11 8 \l "1Jrl;Vl Ul : UlJ'I Ufll :r mn fl ri'J1lll1J \l \'1'8!1 Ylllti~ ~U l

I II vI
L LII J \I fr!J ~ \IV11ll 'U L11 rD\l~flJ·1 VlWL 'V1'W L11 f-o \JlflJ L~:i.J -~T'DLl~flff'l J ci1 unm 71 LrlU'D ll J \lfll J
v1 I ~v
Iv !U V v IV
\11J1.'l\!Vl'Ll TI'D l:I r"TI \l fl:i.J'J \lflf:!"illn fl Lz1hu vn imfrJ\1~1'D'Y I fl~fl\1 1 l'.J~Yl fll J\~':lLUvl'tN fl l J

V; II V V 5J !LI
61 r'..J ') ,_, ~
<!J <!J "' ... <':! ,,,...,
ilf' Lild 'O\l~:i.JTI\l fl fl'il'Li.l?'l l 'l.1f1! L'l''Jll L6D1J'L!Vlfl'il'Ol-Jf:!"il'D\lfll J" L\1 1.lll'GJ~fll :f1Jnl6D "il'D\11J'.flJVl °l 'Cl°l
v !ll 1r v
c:.1 (!) 1
0 ~i <J
._, ~~ ~ ""'_;. ,_, <!J

Y1 \l'LlU Lll J \I fl l H1 \l'VlV'Vl \IVi:i.JYl'1Jll \11J J"UVlv ~ n'D \11.!l:lJI ilfl Lfl'J fl LYm II b II J \J fll Hl \J 1nUVl t'IJilJI:::

V 'I V I. 'I
lf)JD1J L1h v1:w1 rnL Bl :::fl':!I JJ L~u11f1 Y'l u L~\N L~UVl'l.l] '.J \11J JUVl

v 'l 'v I
:Jl.2 . 1J '.f :::JJl \ilfl"l H I U1m1 r\:i n'1'l Jllfl :::Y\tl~'l.J'llu \Ii fl J\lfll U\11J f:! \l'VlUnl \J 61

I vV V\ V 'I I
tTu l \11 1LiJTin fl ~ \I L~'Cl fl ll J" \I fll '.f \I 1JV. \11111.ll flll 'l'l ':in"J::: Yl'D \l~U J" :::lJl l.'1.JI tJ fill fi::: '.f IU 'YI U
'\ 'v
I II
'Vlfll \IJ\l fll '.i\'11\1 '-1 Y1\l fl 'Cn':l L'llU L ~'.LJ fllllJ\lfllVil 't.ntJL HLLJJJ TIY vv:::nD \JDLLl'.JU

v II I vi <'\ V
fll'.f ll1J'.fl-JAU\l l ll V_l,':l~UI UUUfl ., ~~ ~ <'.f ''DJUIUULUf~JtUU L il <~ ~';<\l'lIJll .Lll <'!.Jf'D\J')L 6DY11 \I
1 LUunu

I, ~I "' V V II Vf
fl ! '.f~ /:::tJ'Q'.lJ :f1Jl fl '.f J1\lfll Y'lfl /:::71':11l nr \lfll :riru L'!ll ~U JIULfl~1.!.Y'i°1~1J~D'Vl~\11':l'L.:irTI1 !J
I I~ 4
. I Iv I 9' SJ V, I V
L~ ':lfl'Jl':i1'UY1
l mt1:::'iluf11, l,2T':l 'JUI \I L]Ul'.J'1li1.ll 81 LflU'Cll VlllWJfl '.f::: Yl:i.J 0
'v1JJ : -J iJJJ Fl LnJJ
Ll6D l1.llrJ
SJ "' , li.I OJ
~. ,v~<"l
l vn l1.0 v~<"l
·• v,_,v
rn n1Dnv1 ffJ::: Ll'011 \I v:tm \ll'l':!IJ.J Ln urn rncirnl fl ':!U \ln1 \ILL rifl \I 1t1 L'vit!Ll \I n ':ll :J.J

IV I I I 2/ I .
L'1ll! lJl1.l'V1~-\l'vTW \l~'.f "ifl l 60 . J)') 1JIV1 LJJfl 5 Ll~L\CJ':l lL\lU"l'lUUJll'll 95. J ')01J'l'Vl
Il
,;,. V II !!/
Ufl:::lw 2.J ~'lll-J'ltlt!l l'l':!J'~JIAI L1111 '.f ~-Jl\l'.f\l fll '.flll -J 1 LntJ':ifl11l H \l l 'L!llfl':l

i ·I v V I
~n-v:::~TII U:i.J l flfl':ll 20 ;J~v11J Y1-Jtll!~\lf1TI 'l~fll'.fLUrU11 L ~tJ1JL.IJ\lfllH11 -J 1 lflU
~ vv
,rn '.f '1Y1uri11 nm :rll r ~lJlb';'. :fi U1 rnLn ~ mtVlV.'!lu-JI. n r -J m :r
.v
1J 13 • J ~ L~WJ'Cl l1JrJU jJ L~U1JI. fl Hfll '.fl~ l D.un 'J

·or.;

:. " (·

G,._.. ~ ~

'il'D ..:JJJ rn'Vl L1Jtt'vlflfl

I vI
o~ nm :r 1n~J~fr.J 1Jfl .:J 'v'ltllLt1 ':l ~
5• 1J 'J::: "" " l ! v i ., 'i LVcfj cn~ uru rnJ H
vl:i.JViD \ 1 Vi J" u
L:J.JUl'.J 'El

v vv v
LL fl1.']l 11Hfl'IJ1 n bYl°L,l'l fW'llJ'7J'DUrnnrw1 1~1! J:;: L ~iimi 111 J ..:im J \llJ Z'l \lVIU ( project
lv
II y, v
e-vc1.lu·.·i::i. •J:n methods) L"if:J.cLIJ Hfll'J IYH "1 1JJ'.fflL1h 'l;11.J 1 UYl 1 !J ~llY1'J 'H1'J
1 'I v
'l"'1 C-jv v ~
r.:: UJ,,W'.J ~
"" 1''.f:; 4 "'>.-J ' ;!'Cl
/\lYll:l \l J.Jf1 1J1.JJ :;: UJl.ltm li ..:J·::1 lJ1 J"'Cllltlfl fllJ' 11
'd'llfl'lUfl1l

vv ~
r~r~ d_j

1 . fl'JU'Jnfl1T]'D~Y1L\JU~n ( Disc o unted cash flow me tho~s)

..,

1 .1 DYIJ l l'.JZ:7l':lJLlWl-l ( Internal r te of return :: TRR)

I

1•2 lJ fi~ n lT'Y";JUUt:-lwrr ( Net present va lue'·" NPV

SJ 'l ,

1•3 ~911~1'n'11 ~ ( Profitab i l i t y in dex~P I
' -• J

>''>cJ cJ

2 . ':i'.ii~ I U\11.l'l/ltl ( Payback)

I 'I

3~. ~rJ r'! ......- tV ( Po.~rback

':l'.il'Y1U\'ll.llL JJ:n.rumru reciprocal)

er~c..J r.:i. . ~~ ,..,.;

J'Dfl.Jl.]1ElilJ..)JJJllY1 ' ( oiscuont. Cush flo u metho s )lllltl\!"11'.llflfl'IJ
.. 17 - v
I ~-~T II

11 1, ~rn1n~1vm 1, 'ill tw:::lv1L1Tiufl'?JD ..:i \l1J'El..:J'Vl'l.l Li3u~;m! 'Jl!tlm11 1-11]71:r 1 \'J'J fl Luu
flUD D'J1
I l v·
IV I I II
~ll'D\lfl1 J LV1~::n:11 J.Jt'1;! 1 U~'YlrU 1YIU~'CVi~fl'J 1 L~·u~'l r1iil1 uu-v11J1.n:::~nl !J1 flfl'l1 L~u
SJ 'I v 'I .. . v
1V I
I1
ul.~1 Y1f t!D'l.!l !Wl ·1.1.l'hl.l'YU~ L'1 11 mlLL~:::~£fl'H1vrn i, 'il1'LJ'D \l L~'Wf\W1JUfl1 nlin~l'l1.!~fl

II ~ ""<OJ v "'>·~ I ."( ~
r.:: "\ "'1"> ..,
...
jj-:! L'.Ul!Vll!tJJ.lfl1lJJI rn-1'0 'J'.i1':'1Ql 11 E.Jf.\l'01JW!ll1.!ll ti::: 'J'JJW'lll1 l.J\1'¥1J1.!f:l'llllJ
I v SJ V ~ i ,
~]~1 r-rnn1 ~ I flfll J1 "L-;u L'll1 ']'J ..:] L~1-llir1\'J'JUfl 1'.f 0Xml'JUEJ Y'ltl'UUYl~!Ll L'Jl.ll

'il'D..:J L ~U~~I1~~Vr1J b~1-rni1num.I.:J L 'lIl1.l fl \l 'l/IH 1J) 1J1 "!/l ~1V.l~~I 1 VV 6%-Y:::Jl L~'l.J

-;:i1 n1J f1L DU

vI 'l I
lW~~V~tl 1~J L ~0tl'JJlJ ·v:~\1~: i~~ UU'J I
'J'llJ -1J6 2 112 . 36 (1J6+1 J6 x116J) )
V .. 3.1
I VI
, , n'8l '1'Vl'L\ 89 lJI 1~ U~'V UUfl1Jfl LLlU 6% '\' ~D L~u L ~\:idu~1~ 2 L'Ji1 n1J 1 JJ1JI 'Vl ..:J~tl

306

~c! e,... d.!

]1Ul"UL:\1Jl~~~1J!L Vl'W (Internal Rate of Retu r rn = IIm ) \Ill

Till J "Hi'Dfl LlVJtJ~I l V fl L~tw \11/fl! ~~I ; ~1fVil \ltl ~TI~"I:JVfl\I L~'Wfill II V I 01J

7l-V 1 L'ifJ'D'Vl1l.J fl1'1 1 U'Y'YJJ'Ln "vi rn1
1l1 VI :U llY1I\11fl ":tl 1 v~;10v
l·~·1-lfl\IV11l\lr\ILlJ fl I l L·~Ui;)\JVJH , 1) , JJ')
'I v l'1lllll! J\lfl1j
il":l utl1\l

frn:JBnJrnt v1un":ltJ t ~u z:i fl~~~ 2, J JJ ll1 VIY1fl'DflJ ;: u~ r, ":ifn 8 11 TI'n n EJZ'lYl'DJJt1.ti1u

~11lDY1 Ji r~ ":i1.!flY11rlu\lt~u 2, D J u1 V1 Yli'lDYI L":im 8 iJ r,~Inl·vV,1Vm1 ri1I11u-v11uu
'l
lt'1J, .J)JlJl1/fLLt'l:: DYlf"'fl'.JflYl'OiJ UVIU (IR R ) ~\I 1°1t1.Jl:lr11 1flVuVLn1:-:::nVD\!lIJ'th
t1J ru1l L~i.Jll

"' 1 1 , 1.., <:!

llf! Jlfl'[)f) LlltJVl""l
vI 13 I tv v Vv

1J cj ,_.. J 1 Ll fl fl'J1Jll 'v1U'11t! Yl01 rJ "'> i i 1 J flfl 1 Vi'Ufl Lll1 ':JU~") L WJI~

',.JJ'U'DY! Vl t'.J1JJ"

r, 1'bll l..J'GW1llll ll1fltl SJ
V II I Iv v2; I
Y1o1fl'J 1 '"D""\1J°1 6~1nln'1V"1-J 1'.JJJJ"',I ~ Hi~.:Y o~ :i
~I RR ) <-J '-> ~ J.JJJ JLi'lJ \lfll J

J"fi'1 11i lJl'ltJ l'.J1JJ'll11

I :U !JJ

~.fi.D.1i,"l(.1.'W,1_.-. lqvr':°i•l (Net present ~.". lue= NPV "\ ">e-J ·~
) L1Jll'J'llfl1J" JJg l!J'Ll

l'.Jfl-Jll fl '1 VIVLtll1J VI \IL 7ltJ tll~rnJ t ~tJ lll.J fl;-'1I1 {frv l!Ul! D "n'iJ1 VI uvvuu

t'Dt1 7l DflLLU1J 'vTu YinrnJ!l;-'11

'I v I v I !!! I , !IJ •'I
l!ll '1 b~l!D '1Wl..l Li1J.Jflf11 UvvUU'lJLl \I 11U1~~\lfl":l11J fl'.'.n U'Y'YlJl!'lJ'J. '1 l. ~t.J'U-JVIU~v ~t.J'[)j.J rll
1 ...'I I vsJ I I 'I I !ii SJ '\ 'I
"'i ~ , ~
LllJ '1fl1 :JUL! Llff11 Y11fl") 1fl-Y::: JJjlJ

I
~nfll nJt1:1 1 Uv'llJl!~VI] ( NPV
~~ L.=.. ~ === - === ~-..:,-~

TifuUfl0 L~1-l~m'D'vi:f1t;fu"1u
11:J ( Profitab ili ty index= P I)

fl J1~:~I ~fl1 J. LJJ3\JJ..J Llntlll'llll"I fl 'l!Ll \Il 11 J" '1 fl1 Hl'lWW~llI .VlflYIn '1 nu V I I '1J 'IJ \IY1'1l~
~
ul tl'"lfl ""l1 f'l 1

f1°1 l J"~ ilI1l.J1 flfl I 1 ~ ~tJ'JlJ J1Jl il H m J"lJiJ Ufl ~'.:1V1 ~ilI1 tlVLJ'Jfl""lI1 1 ~ ~ ~ ll 2 fl'1 I 1

':JI fl'9 ""l

II

3. n1:11h~ L~1.JCJ8fll:f L ~tJ 'lflU l'!.l~7im'.f1h~ l,~lltJfll l'll \lnl'.f fl 'lWUY11\l 1
iI
II v Iv Iv
1Jl~nm':IJJI Ltt'ljl fltr1.nnifrrv~'L.1i.·1li]m nh ~ 1,Du m '.f L(iu\!nu Lui um '.f 1fltrn\ljtJlL?l

.: V vi V •I I 'V
m11 JJ1 '.fb1Wv1rnn1Flv!n1, '~1.11 n1n1 flfwn nln:f \!fll '.fltv'J1 :tJ .1·Yrn~llJ'1L 2~:uu:J1mmu
\

I y I II

tul~m lLf.i~~J ~~ u~ l ')f'n?l1\l :fl'J1FlUl')tlltJLL.11\,!1l ll'LJl'1 L'TI'U l \lH nl '.f{'l 'l lfl'i-l 2 l ll'.f~nl'.f
~ 1I
II I '. I I
'l~Wn<?l n C!flff:lJLLWLl ~ 'Vn n1I Ll\ll 11'.f ~n l :nll'W 'l~ nu ~f'.JJ°I L-z::W f'llfl ~JJ1!1l \! 'ilrut '.t~~ nl 11 '.f -J n1 J

IIII I ,_, II I

·~1ll -:it 1J1H ~ tll~uutlUZJ\l\lfltin vvn 1~n \im '.f1t1m1rvi11m1~uf11.hL0'.:urnJJJJfJm r L ~u -:inu

IV I III II l II
~v.:iunJ I1n'.f '1fn r~1 1J ~~:u·1 Lr'.:llTI 1Lnm.n -:i'1'.f D\l'W1Yi<.rXJ1 J.J1!·1Hfll r~fJm :J 1, ~drr_.1 \JDU

v
'lfJ'l~Jff'I ~~DYl '.fl U8flf'1Jm1mbHll'.U 1.ll-1JU . .
~~

4. JJ'.f ~·(um ' v~ :rt.w~8fl l WJii'l:J H1~? ~J!m r-)1-'JLJ'El-:-m-;il. ;u -:im :r

'.ff"':'" -JUJJJ1-n
~~

30 8

2/ v

11Flu\lfl\l'Vlu 1JJ . J JJ tw:::1flmw1mmvruliti::: 4J , ...1..;J YlfltJflgu::: L 'J~I 4 '1t1 r1n
2/ 'l nr\I:i\l~f1 ~·f1~ llfl:::1 ~vmWl'iJlliL'Vlt!Llfl ::
tl t VilUI Y! L \I Vl'l.l 25 ,J J J 1J , JjJ Vl~'iJfl
bl l 'El\IW!.n.

r~u::: 'l 4 11 L ~t!~\IV!LlV • 2/ ' , I '. ~1:::1 rVnJri11I1u-v-vuufli1~'il'El \I

L'Jtll LLfl ::: mrnJWn'lJD\I L1ll1 n11 14%

t nf\I Ninr~\l 2 'JI i I · '1 f1 \ 1 u1 :i~::im':l!m.wJw~nI r1ffvv1-uviT'lbivlJl~Vf!lJIl'llTlfIl~:Il\.~IJflnI1

tl',vvU'l-!flVl~v ::·~JlJ I nrn \l tnwJJ 'J Hr. 16 , 548 uti::: 4 , 13 LW:J I

LnfJI u\l~m1 I11':AVU<:'lnilULL1/l1Hh'lf1'JI~ I 'I 'l I
~~ L ~ nJ:w~rnff'i'YUtl~Vl;, 'l !lJ
II , I · !lJ - I

16 , 548 w. LATD-Jim 6l!U'l fl LWtJ\I ' 4 , 13 7 L·vnuu TI \li'l111

I !lJ I I 'I 'I ; v I
l Llt!vi' r'uLTIU \I 1 1.tl 4 7J'[) \I LnrJ'D \l 'fo J'7J'UI fl v1r 1 LL 910 'Jl :l.J l
\Ill fl";} f1I HJ \I 1/lu1 Ll Li1 \1-

nu~ V I u,

vn-Y f1 :J 1fl" 2 '11Wfl'Y il:V11'..JflVJ'LilJLL Vi't.H ?i'11.no~fV1~u~~Fi''l1uf1'11 2 /

1flt.J m :r rv1-.JLl

I I 2/

:uci'n 1 u'Y-vuw'ilu\I L~t1~1 Yiru

r ,= ~.- 'I

I C:::: . :·sui ari1 u·nu'l u71n\I L ~'Llfl\lv1u
r'J a..-'
.,

( Lf'ldu\l'Yf1'.l L'1f1 ) =

25 , J JO ::: 1 . 17

Y1''llt/f1'11:r (PI ) = 1J) , J J J ·:·· 1q. 548

( L i'l'fD\l~f1 :Jlv1fJ') 1 JO , J)O ::;: 1 . 17

v 2/

l flUf'Jlt!'JQ :l ,nil-.J W

= -=.
L\I 1H'l \11/lLl
~~
1JI u flfftJU
I 1I jV .- I IV
u1 V1B\Jv:::i1·~il1Tiu1 " .I L'l111.uru11lLLv1\l '•l'U\J9lu\lm :r-u11lf1 rn•7itH:\J nn1 TJ , JJ J
l. ·.,;

th ~~uu:::iJJ¢'lrn·1'll-·nu1 tm1 :r7Juf'. -.J lJri;.; 2 J , JJJ l1zl\Jv l fftTf1;:i1 1fn \J fntn LI
I vi l, VV

ruuu Bi'J

I .- l I v. ' ~I

ll Jlll l 'iil f1
~ a~1:w~LL fl :::n1'\l) 'J I 'ElUf1 H\l7J1.W \lv1\lf1fll JV :ilD1 Uf11 J1 'll \J i ll 5
11

=c:' I ,.__.... L?.iJ12 . = 3 . 5 1~J!

~ 1f1 L 1~ 1 v l UnVVJU~: L 1/l l f1U 2J, JJ J

'I

'Cl \l\~U 1 :!J''Gl'UJ1 J~-v:::vh1'v1vl n Hfll H hr 111u1 v fl \l'JJJLL Vi'!.l ~ -J'Clfl l ~ J.J u1 ti %
.. v ., v
Y'lCJ 7JU'D Un1J

,. 'I "" 1'I SJ , I SJ

1JJ ::;flrnn H·"]'i' 'lt.11.! t'l-11 J LL f,:; '0fl1 Vl'll'J -J jj J f) '\l l l' -J -::? ;::[''1 1l'J tllJ1 nt!Lltlll11 'V1'U
SJ ,

l l5 . fl! j La'i:' n \l Hfll J'cN'l/lU ( Cap ita l r o. t ioning) Uf11 1 L~'D f)
?I v
Iv V
l 11:r \Jn1 :r r,i \J 1!l1ll in1mu .,I 1ri r -:ir1 J L~iTI ~ 1:::1 Y'l r! -J v1ul ul n:r -:im r ~1 'TI"v'IJi;m_.n nnm t1
v '\
I I '\ I

~~ml t1:::1 n n-11 JJJ1 n ~f10. 1m.J LSnn LT!u <1ti°''lt11J<:"l fl 4'. -:im '.l~~~,Y'l nu t1viDrnL-~11.l vi -:i1 Ut1".'l

'I I I v SJ
r.:, roJ •/

L:LJU U'Cl fll HM 'llltl'lll\1 1 \lnU"i::: F1Dvin
nJJ ;: 'l ._, uaY1'2rnrni1~i'II '\ I

LLffu."n('. .·~n 0:: -v ;-; r n w . n Ln r.:,rJ

n 1 :::':is m
~ 'I
,.I, I ._,
t~Vl 1 '1 f) 'Ufl 'JU

"-l

f111:lll 1f) JlLfl:::'11.J fll'.lJ~ ~Vl,1d (To.xe s and Cap it a l Bu dF,ct in g )

Iv . I ·' I II
~-:i1).Jvi'l1 1 L~ llfj Yi uJanmJ~ ~u mh cm~1D-:i 11'I LDrn-1n:Y1
'vrnuvi'1 :;; m j l Yi
Luu \11 irnr 11

v 'I I v II I I V
1 "" "' 1 .: "'-v:::·v1°'1'1LVi1J'".-l>1:._n,1JJ j:;;v1u._,fl: 1'l fl'l l<-H.J '1'"'Ll 'i'l Li1 11:::u -:i iY 1 L8u11 n .1 1 J.nn L'Vn r n-v :::vh ~nti l-J'U

f11 ~l!'V."'tJa'111.l L 1~I1 U'l.l ua::: l~UtlfltfI lYiv:f1J ~1 n1i-1 Hfl1:f 'l1 \J 1~'!.ln~ ;-;. LY~i!J~v't.DJ1 l 1~I1 n1.JIYI1 l ~I":U

I .I I v V '\ I

1 ii\) i\:i 1n n1 il'J'JtJ1 -:i L11uur1!1!luf. -:i 1i'J1 -:i"V'1 n v1 fl'ifh 1 ;rc·11 'V::: Ln -:iim un ,11 2.~ , J JJ
1LL fl~;'J 1\~1 17l Yl1::;:\:::l'1l.:'.J fl
V ~Vl Y1 Yl~..:J ~I VV 1J~j tc·,.1; /lv~ Jr-JJ j"llJ VI V
<V r-_!
Llfl~Li 1 Y1 L 'ri::fo~Jj orJ"l! icJ' L1~
1 , JJJ Lf1 j 'LJ ..:J"Jf1HlLLf.l 'J

I v I•

28 ,8 ) J 1.J1 Vl LLtl~ ·n 1.'ll'J1t.JLLUJ' Ll'!.l~ fl ::: 4 ,8'.)0 ll1 1/l LW::: L'-:iu L ~DtiDl 'tii hJ .i 'JU\l:U

I II v I '\

r';JLii r't:i..:i~nr ~a~ 13 f .)j) l \I .:i ~m ~1Jt:num jl '1l -n i1 1J }k!Ll j 1 (11 J I f)DVlJlfll U
'\
u1Yi'vLJD %' y
4J % d \lu ~u11! n ~~~1 1'1 u 'J1:·~'vn l-:i
1Yii u

l vi 28,8JJ
1 1 , JJ J
l ffuffn 11'l 'i1?1rn L'.Jj

I

· ~ t'~ "-"

L\! Ll Lfl'Dtlll'J1M!-l L:IJ'lJ\I . 13, JJO
~ ,.~~~- · -
Iv I vI II
L ~Ur1Yi L ~1 -:i -;i 1ni'.1\1
n'11 j Lnu Lri:w'1Ju 0 -:i -)ni1 i - tl l n -u u n 1 u

Li1T u

II T ~

rnn~"-' L:i;':,{rnJn l'nn'Urun1 B 2, 5J'J

II

n''l1r L'~J.J nuun1 1J

fl'l lr:! 4J %

11 ,'.)')) -3 , tj.JJ

= L§JJ

V I IV I VI I I
u a~D'I LDI n'11 :r L~lJ'E\fl~ L~D~l' LUL!-J~ I nm r ·lin L\'1 fD'1~m1 v1mHl'1fll~J.J1 "L,nJ.Jfll!IUv~1Ju
9.J 'l

= 39,642

I

J.Jfl:111lnli'i1'?JLJ-J L~ii~ -JVl'W ( 24, JJ:J + 1 , J JJ )
!lJ I 1 1
IV

J.J~iY'l'1h-v1!11z11n·3~11'1i'1HI fll f'!J -.jfn J
9.J I v' 'I v
I

lJJ'D1AI Yl'JUn'llilf1°11 :f lJ~ll l U~~lltJ'lJD-J j I 1'CJ m lnJ.J \1 r '1 f11 '.f =
~-.J = =~~~~=~,

J.Jfllllffvvll'i.!ll'fl--'.! L~W,'Hl/IU 25 t )J'.)
:lJ 'l 1

= 1 . 59

.DJJ1Lt~Jl!l:"lI.CJ ~

ll1JjJ_]fill'DJl

2.



'lJ U~'l lmtlJ
.

. ,..
·''

1Jd"Jtll'1UflHJ
'I
•.

I J "'""'"'= -..Wq VIU l'Uflt:U LL~~fl'Ull'U 61 . flH, LVlWlJVll 'UFlJ :
'I 'I
q fl l rnrn 'l!rl'UVl'U .
~----..=
fl '1 fl'U fl

l :i''1WlJ;lJVll~VlUl tlU'ffTJlJril ~rt;, . 2525.

,fl H LVl'l"llJVll 'UFl :i' :

2523 .

,fl r '1 LVlWlJVll 'Uf'l r

r fr 2522 •
2520 .
WU'UlJ ~'1VI Lfl'UVI .

2524.

.., r

flrn::: ·~ '1 AJJf11 ~Yl d'

~ .... ~l~IJ"l ~IJ"1l/ltl l O I J v""~' n11 .
JJVll ')1JltJI fll.J .

2529 .

Irwin , Inc ., 1 975 .
Horane , Br ock R., Cha rles 9 Palmer E. ~nd Fr ed ,

!IcGraw .. Hill 9 1'971 .

(.


Click to View FlipBook Version