SB015 ASSIGNMENT BIOLOGY

SET E BIOLOGY SB015
ASSIGNMENT
NAME: AIN NABIHA BINTI JONE OSMANY 2022/2023
MATRICS’ NUMBER: MS2113173048
BIO FLIPBOOK:
MOLECULES OF
LIFE &
CELL

STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS

PRACTICUM: H8P03A

LECTERUR’S NAME: MADAM PUTERI BALQIS BINTI MOHD ISHLI

i. State the main
types of
molecules of life

[5 marks]

MAIN TYPES OF MOLECULES OF LIFE WATER PROTEINS
• FIBROUS
CARBOHYDRATES • GLOBULAR
• MONOSACCHARIDES • CONJUGATED
• DISACCHARIDES
• POLYSACCHARIDES NUCLEIC ACID
• DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
LIPID
• TRIGLYCERIDES OR ACID, DNA
• RIBONUCLEIC ACID,
TRIAGLYCEROL
• PHOSPHOLIPIDS RNA
• STEROIDS

ii. Compare and
contrast between
DNA and RNA

[19 marks]

Similarities and difference between DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleotide acid (DNA) Ribonucleotide acid (RNA)

Both are nucleic acid

Both are polynucleotide made up of monomers called nucleotide

Both has sugar and phosphate backbone

Nitrogenous base pair is Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine

DNA is double stranded and it exhibits a RNA is single stranded, sometimes it forms
double-helix structure secondary and tertiary structures

Pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose Pentose sugar in RNA is ribose

Nitrogenous bases in DNA is Adenine, Nitrogenous base in RNA Adenine, Uracil,
Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine Cytosine and Guanine

DNA is more stable and permanent RNA is less stable and non-permanent

Similarities and difference between DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleotide acid (DNA) Ribonucleotide acid (RNA)
DNA is double-stranded// consists of RNA is single-stranded// consists of
a shorter single polynucleotide strand
two polynucleotide strands RNA is found mainly in the cytoplasm
DNA is found mainly in nucleus and
with small amount in the nucleus
nucleoid with small amount of RNA has three types: mRNA, tRNA
mitochondrion and chloroplast
and rRNA.
DNA has only one type Function of RNA is mainly involved in

Function of DNA is to carries genetic protein synthesis, sometimes it
information necessary for the regulates in gene expression
development, functioning, and
reproduction RNA is relatively a smaller molecule

DNA is relatively a larger molecule

More prone to UV damage Less prone to UV damage

The ratio of A to T & G to C is one The ratio of A to U & G to C varies

iii. Explain how to
calculate the percentage
of cytosine if a DNA
molecule contains 24%
thymine?

[5 marks]

The 2 strand must be complementary to each other. A must
pair with T with 2 hydrogen bonds. G must pair with C with 3
hydrogen bonds. For a DNA, amount of A is equal to T. Amount
of G is equal to C.

Since T pair up with A,
24% of T = 24% of A

Since C pair up with G,
% of C = 100- (24+24)

2
= 52/2
= 26%
So, C is 26% = G is 26%

Therefore, the percentage of cytosine is 26%.

iv. Both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells contain DNA.
Differentiate the DNA in
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells

[6 marks]

Differences of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

DNA not enclosed by nuclear Have DNA enclosed by nuclear
envelope// DNA leis freely in the envelope

cytoplasm

DNA molecule is circular DNA is linear with two ends and
(plasmid) and not associated with associated with histone protein

histone protein

DNA is found in cytoplasm DNA is found inside chloroplast
and mitochondria

Consists a small number of genes Contains a large number of genes

Organized into a single Organized into many
chromosomes chromosomes

Chromosomes contains a single Chromosomes contains many
origin of replication origins of replication