science

NAME:NUR DAMIA QALISYA BINTI MOHD IZUAN
CLASS:103

SCHOOL:MRSM KEPALA BATAS
TEACHER:AZRIN BINTI YAHYA

SUBJECT:SCIENCE

9.1 The system and structure of the earth
9.2 Composition of
the earth
9.3 Main processes of the earth
9.4 Geohazard Phenomena
9.5 Age of the earth
9.6 Earth Resources and Applied Geology

APPRECIATION

THANK YOU TO MY TEAC
HER,FOR TEACHING AND
EDUCFATING ME TO MAKE A SCIENCE FOLIO,THANK
YOU TO MY PARENTS FOR HELPING ME THROUGHOUT
THE PREPARATION OF THE SCIENCE FOLIO,AND THANK
YOU TO MY FRIENDS FOR SUPPORTING ME THRUGHOUT

THE COMPLETION OF THE SCIENCE FOLIO WORK.

INTRODUCTION AND
OBJECTIF

MY NAME IS NUR DAMIA QA
LISYA BINTI MOHD IZUAN
FROM CLASS 103 HAS BEEN GIVEN THE TASK TO

PREPARE A SCIENCE FOLIO FOR CHAPTER 8 ENTITLED
EARTH.MY OBJECTIVE MAKE THIS FOLIO IS TO

COMPLETE THE WORK GIVEN .I ALSO MAKE THIS FOLIO
TO TELL WHAT I UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN ABOUT
THE TITLE OF THE EARTH.

9.1

water zone that includes rivers, Air zone covering
lakes,seas,and also water trapped the earth's surface
as ice, underground water and water

vapour in the atmosphere.

Rock and soil zone on the Life zone consists of a variety
earth's surface. of live such as humans,animals

planys and microorganisms

EXOSPHERE

EXOSPHERE LAYER (480 KM AND ABOVE)
-CONTAINS LIGHT GASES SUCH AS HELIUM AND HYDROGEN
-AIR BECOMES THINNER TOWARDS SPACE.
-COMMUNICATION SATELLITE ORBITING EARTH IN THIS LAYER

ALLOW PHONE CALLS AND TELEVISION BROADCASTS.

THERMOSPHERE

THERMOSPHERE LAYE
R (80-480KM)
-ALSO KNOW AS THE IONOSPHERE BECAUSE IT CONTAINS IONS THAT CAN REFLECT RADIO WAVES
-AURORA,A STREAM OF COLOURFULLIGHT RESULTING FROM REACTIONS OF CHARGED PARTICLE WITH

AND ATMOSPHERIC GASES OCCURS HERE.

MESOSPHERE

MESOSPHERE LAYER (50-80KM)
-BURNING AND DESTRUCTION OF METEORIST OCCUR IN THIS LAYEER

STRATOSPHERE

STARATOSPHERE LAYER (13-50KM)
-THIS LAYER IS SUITABLE AND STABLE FOR AIRCRAFT FLIGHTS.
-THE OZONE LAYER THAT CONTAINS OZONE GAS WHICH ABSORB HARMFUL ULTRAVIOLET RAYS FROM SUNLIGHTS IS FOUND HERE
-THE OZONE LAYER DEPLETES WHEN CHLOROFLOUROCARBONS (CFCS) RELEASE FROM PASTICED, REFRIGERATOR
AND AIR-CONDITIONERS BREAK DOWN OZONE MOLECULES IN THE OZONE LAYER.

TROPOSPHERE

TROPOSPHERE LAYER (0-13)
-THE LAYER WHERE LIVING ORGANISM BREATHES,WIND BLOWS AND WHERE CLOUDS,RAIN AND SNOW FROM.

OCEAN STRATIFICATION

SURFACE ZONE

IN THIS ZONE,THE WATER IS VERY SHALLOW

AND LIGHT CAN PENETRATE.THIS MAKE THE

ZONE SUITABLE AS A HABITAT FOR PLANTS.
MIDNIGHT ZONE

THIS ZONE HAS LITTLE OR NO LIGHT.IT IS DIFFICULT

PLANTS TO LIVE AT THIS DEPTH BUT THIS LEVEL OF

DEPTH BECOMES THE HABITAT FOR LARGE MARINE

ANIMALS,SUCH AS GIANT SQUIDS AND VARIOUS SPECIES

DOAFRWKHZAOLENSE.


THIS ZONE IS VERY DEEP AND NO LIGHT CA N

REACH IT.THEREFORE,MOST ANIMALS IN THIS

ZONE HAVE SHIMMERING BODIES OR ARE ABLE

TO GLOW IN THE DARK.

with

a

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH

-SEAWATER IS EVAPORATEDBY
SUNLIGHT AND IS TAKEN TO THE
MAINLAND BY CLOUDS BEFORE IT
FALLS BACK AS RAIN WATER.
-THE WATER IN THE RIVERS THEN
FLOW INTO THE OCEAN.
-THE WATER CYCLE PROCESS IS
CONTINUOUS.THEREFORE IT IS SIAD
THAT THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF WATER
CONTAINED IN EARTH,ON EARTH'S
SURFAC3 AND IN EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
IS ALWAYS CONTENT.

EARTH'S LAYER

earth can be divided inti three mai layers according to its
physical properties,namely crust,mantle and core.The
mantle consists of the lithosphere,asthenosphere and
mesosphere.Litosphere covers the crust and the top part
of the mantle.

TYPES AND CHARACTERIES OF ROCKS 9.2

IGNEOUS ROCK S E D IRMOECNKT A R Y M E T ARMO OC RK P H I C

-FORMED FROM THE PROCESS --BACDCFYOREOONEPTNRTOHMSSASEIOEIISMNDRTTSEEIBOVTDFYFEIOMMRCMSSOAESA,MTSIGNELLPHYSRARO.ICLELAAISLLEYSOSREIWSROC SNAAARNNWORDDFHI EIWCDIHN D .-S-TUTTOFEOESHRODUMIEVRIAGMEPMMLIER.LNEERYYADNALHHTTWIAAURGHRRROHEYEDCNK.EPRSRROIECGTTSKNHHSSEAAUTONARURFETSEOHARREENMOXDCEPKDOSNS EO RD
MOFAGCMOOALOIRNGLAAVNADTFHRAETEFZLIONWG SOF . 
-OCUOTNOTFAIMNASNVTALREI. OUS MINERALS.

THE PROCESS OF ROCK

FORMATION

how are igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks and
metamorphic rocks formed?



the process of rock
formation can be
explained using

the rock cycle.

MAIN PROCESS OF THE EARTH 9.3

- EAXN- PADRMLOPACLNEEDSSS:DSWTEEEHDPAALISTTEMUHTROEEIFCNROACTINCUNA,ERTTGSRI, EAOORNNNOSSPEIOAORRNTT,HMA'NSA DS S

-WEATHERING EXOGONIC SEIUATCRHITSHA'ASS PWSRUAORTCFEEARSEC,SWEROIOBSNFYIDOEMNARONOVDDIINWNGGAAVOGEFEST.NHTES
IT IS PROCESS OF ROCK FRAGMENTATION PROCESSES
AND DECOMPOSITION OR DECAY TO
CHANGES IN TEMPERATURES,RAINWATER
,FROSTING AND MICROORGANISM.

TRHETESHUYELMITTNAOOSVPFSOLOGAVFRNEADAVSSILOTLAIAONLPTDMIEODOTNEVOAEPLBLMEEFETLONIORTOWCNEFAR. SOM DVWEEERLCTAGAUORRRLTNCAEAEHNINACEITMSSINRYPEEOEGOORSVDRSBFWET.EODATTRAHTHSBNEEEECYRDODMA,ARIWSG
AGRMEEITEONEDNENDNDITRTEMTSWISDEAEADSDLMNVEUSETAWCCAWSTRHHTEEIAEIALRANONSLISDNAETLHSS.E

11MANTLE COVECTION PROCESS

THE HIGH TEMPERATURE IN THE MANTLE AND

ENDOGENIC PROCESS THE CORE OF EARTH PRODUCES CONVECTION
CURRENTS IN THE ASTHEMOSPHERE LAYER.

-PROCESS THAT IS CAUSED BY THESE CURRENTS ARE ABLE TO MOVE EARTH'S

FORCES FROM WITHIN THE EARTH. CRUST.
-FORMS AND CHANGES THE EARTH'S
EARTH'S CRUST MOVEM
ENT(PLATE TECTONIS) 2
SURFACE.
-EXAMPLES:MANTLE CONVECTION ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF PLATE

PROCESS,MAGMA ACTIVITY AND EARTH'S TECTONIS,THE EARTH'S CRUST IS DIVIDED

INTO SEVERAL PIECES OF PLATES.THESE PLATE

CONSTANLY MOVE RESULTING IN COLLISION

CRUST MOVEMENT (PLAYE TECTONICS). AND DIVERGENCE WHICH PRODUCE VARIOUS
LANDFORMS ON EARTH AND CONTINENTAL

DRIFTS.

3MAGMA ACTIVITY

VOLCANO IS A VENT ON THE EARTH'S CRUST

THAT ALLOWS MOLTEN AND HOT MAGMA TO ENDOGENIC
FLOW OUT THROUGH IT IN A STRONG PROCESSES
ERUPTION.THE ERUPTED MATERIALS

ACCUMULATE AROUND THE SLOPE OF THE VENT

AND FORM VOLCANIC CONES.

GEOHAZARD

9.4 PHENOMENA

THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE ENDOGENIC PROCESS ARE
OCCURRENCE OF GEOHAZARDS SUCH AS

EARTHQUAKE,LANSLIDE,TSUNAMI,AND VOLCANISM.

SCIENCE ANBD TECHNOLOGY USED
TO PREPARE FOR GEOHAZARDS

THE DIVICES THAT COULD PROVIDE EARLY
WARNINGS ON OCCURRENCE OF LINSLIDE

AND TSUNAMI.

THE IMPACT OF
T H EGI MEPOAHC TAOZFAGRE ODHSA Z A R D

GEOHAZARD CAN
CAUSE LOSS LIFE
,DISEASE STARVATION
AND DEMAGE TO
PROPERTIES.

AGE OF EARTH 9.5

THE AGE OF EARTH IS
ESTIMATED TO BE 4.5
BILLION YEARS BASED

ON METEORITES
OBTAINED.

FOSSIL

FOSSILS ARE EARTH'S MATERIALS SUCH AS PLANTS,ANIMALS
AND INSECT WHICH HAVE BEEN SUBMERGED AND BURIED FOR

AVERY LONG PERIOD OF TIME..

VARIOUS ORGANISM ON EARTH
SINCE 5000 MILLION YEARS OLD

THE IMPORTAND OF FOSSILS TO
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC
DEVELOPMENT:

-FOSSIL RECORDS CAN PROVIDE
INFORMATION ABOUT HOW

ANIMALS AND PLANTS SPECIES ON
EARTH HAVE ENVOLVED OVER
MILLIONS OF YEAR

EARTH'S RESOURCES
AND APPLIED GEOLOGY 9.6

SURFACE WATER
SURFACE WATER CAN BE POLLUTED BY
WASTE MATERIALS FROM INDUSTRIAL

AND HOUSING AREAS.EXCESSIVE
FERTILISERS AND PESTICIDES FROM
AGRICULTURAL AREAS ALSO POLLUTE

RIVER WATER.

UNDERGROUND WATER

LEACHING OF CHEMICAL FERTILLISERS
AND PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE

EXPOSED UNDERGROUND WATER TO
THE RISK OF POLLUTION.CHEMICALS

FROM INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC
WASTE IN LANDFILLS CARRY THE RISK
OF POLLUTING UNDERGROUND WATER.

ECONOMIC MINERALS

ECONOMIC MINERALS IN THE
EARTH CONSIST OF METALLIC

MINERALS,NON-METALLIC
MINERALS AND RARE EARTH

MINERALS.EXAMPLES OF
METALLIC MINERALS ARE
IRON ONE,TIN AND GOLD
WHILE EXAMPLE OF NON-
METALLIC MINERALS ARE
COAL AND PETROLEUM.

THE FORMATIONJ OF PETROLEUM
AND NATURAL GAS

HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS

THE WATER IS HEATED NATURALLY BY THE HEAT FROM
THE EATHRETWHA.TTHERISISIHSEKANTEODWNNATAURSAHLLYYDBRYOTHTHE HEERAMT AL
FROM THEPERAORTCHE.TSHSIS. IS KNOWN AS

HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS.

FORMATION OF A HOT SPRING AND GENERATION
OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH THE HYDROTHERMAL

PROCESS

HOT SPRING

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF UNPLANNED
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NOT WELL-PLANNED MAY CAUSE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS TO ALL LIVING THINGS.
EROSION


DEFORESTATION ECONOMIC FLASH FLOOD




AGRICULTURE EXTINCTION OF FLORA


AND FAUNA


INDUSTRIALISATION MINERALS WATER,AIT,THERMAL AND


SOUND POLLUTION
OPEN BURNING


GLOBAL WARMING

ESTIMATED COST

TEH ESTIMATED COST WHILE I
COMPLETE THE FOLIO IS USING

ELECTRICITY
THAT IS NOT TOO MUCH

THE REFERENCE SOURCES THAT I USE IS
TEXTBOOK AND INTERNET AS
REFERENCE SOURCES.