$:*4<2;.5*3*:2;24*=7<=4fi.5*;)fflffl +2?8<2:2? C6B:56?82? >! 52? fi 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36B D682?82? / 500 !I-6?DE<2? 2 :>A652?C: B2?8<2:2? 3 2BEC 676<D:7 A252 B2?8<2:2? 4 CE5ED 72C6 B2?8<2:2? 52? 6 D682?82? A252 C6D:2A <@>A@?6? ,63E29:?5E<D@B>6>:=:<:92>32D2?>EB?: 52? :?5E<D2?C: ! "?5E<D@B D6BC63ED 5:9E3E?8<2? <6CE>36BD682?82? C:? +F@=D-6?DE<2? 2 :>A652?C::?5E<D@B 52? 3 2BEC676<D:7H2?8>6?82=:BA252:?5E<D@B -682?82? A252 B2?8<2:2? C6B:>6>6?E9: A6BC2>22? V 200 2 ffl:<6D29E: B6C:CD2?C: B6C:CD@B 52?A252+2BEC=:CDB:<?H2?@= &2+","/-") %* %"-". #5,5 -"4*)"//%" 2 2>32B<2?5:28B2> 72C@B 2?D2B2 D682?82?52? 2BEC?H2 3 fl6B2A2<29CE5ED72C62?D2B22BEC52?D682?82? &2?2<29H2?8>6?529E=E:2BEC2D2ED682?82? 4 fl6B2A2<29:>A652?C: B2?8<2:2? 5 -6?DE<2?2BEC676<D:7H2?8>6?82=:BA252B2?8<2:2? +6C:CD@B 52? <2A2C:D@B fi 5:B2?8<2: C6B: 52? 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36B D682?82? / B25 C-6?DE<2? 2 :>A652?C: B2?8<2:2? 3 2BECH2?8>6?82=:BA252 B2?8<2:2?52? 4 D682?82?A252 C6D:2A<@>A@?6? 3 BEC 676<D:7 A252 B2?8<2:2? 252=29 / fflff fflff 4 ,E5ED 72C6 2?D2B2 2BEC 52? D682?82? 252=29 D2? >2<2 D2? fl 5 $2B6?2CE5ED72C6?H2?682D:7N LB2?8<2:2?36BC:72D<2A2C:D:7ffl6?82?<2D2 =2:? D682?82? D6BD:?882= @=69 2BEC56?82?3652 72C6 L ,:72DB2?8<2:2?;E8252A2D5:<6D29E:56?82?>6>32?5:?8<2? 52?)252 B2?8<2:2?D6BC63ED >2<2B2?8<2:2?36BC:72D<2A2C:D:7 6 -682?82? A252 B6C:CD@B :?5E<D@B 52? <2A2C:D@B >2C:?8>2C:?8 C63282: 36B:<ED fflff / fflff / fflff / $:$3$'$ $1*.$,$1 ffl6?82?>6?88E?2<2? 2?2=:C:C 72C@B 52H2 B2D2B2D2 52A2D 5:?H2D2<2? C63282:A6B<2=:2?D:D:<2?D2B272C@B2BEC52?72C@BD682?82?"?82DA6B<2=:2? D:D:< 2?D2B25E2 F6<D@B 4@C 56?82? 252=29CE5ED2?D2B2 52?ffl6?82?2?2=@8:H2?8C2>2A6B<2=:2? D:D:<2?D2B25E2 72C@B>:C2=?H22?D2B2 D682?82?52?2BECC63282:36B:<ED 4@C B *@* B *4<8:-*@* fl$6$ fl71&, !2$/fi(1*7$5$$1+ffl)!
ffl7-=4;25.4<:86*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:2485*4*524 ffl2=2> B2?8<2:2? 2BEC C62B29 72C@B D682?82? 52? 2BEC C6=2=E C672C6 36B2B29C2>2>2<24@C C69:?88252H2?H2>6>6?E9:A6BC2>22? 4@C -682?82?52?2BECA252B6C:CD@BC672C6>2<252H2B2D2B2D2H2?85:C6B2A B6C:CD@B>6>6?E9: fflff fflff2D2E 2 e f N ffl:=2:?A:92<D682?82?52?2BECA252:?5E<D@B2D2EAE?<2A2C:D@B36B3652 72C6 >2<252H2A252:?5E<D@B2D2E<2A2C:D@B252=29 4@C N ,636?2B?H2:?5E<D@B52?<2A2C:D@B>6?H:>A2?52H2A252C6D:2AC6D6?829 C:<=ECA6BD2>2D2A:>6B6<2>6=6A2C<2?<6>32=:52H2D6BC63EDA252C6D6?829 C:<=EC 36B:<ED?H2 ,642B2 <6C6=EBE92? D:52< 252 52H2 H2?8 5:C6B2A @=69 :?5E<D@B>2EAE?<2A2C:D@BC6A6BD:5:A6B=:92D<2?A252ffl&23".""/ 9 )252B2?8<2:2?ffi C6B:D682?82?52?2BECC642B2E>E>>6>:=:<: 365272C6 =:92D<6>32=:".#"2 2D2E".#"2 ffl6?82?56>:<:2? 52H2B2D2B2D2H2?85:C6B2AA252B2?8<2:2?D6BC63ED>6>6?E9:A6BC2>22? P VI V I cos N fl6C2B2? 4@C 5:C63EDff"+&) ffi0ffl2B:".#"2 2D2E".#"2 D6B=:92D329G272<D@B52H2>6>6?E9:A6BC2>22? 4@C ff ' N 56?82?'ff 72<D@B52H2'&.ffl)fffl+&) -682?82?H2?8 D6BE<EBA252B6C:CD@B:?5E<D@B52?<2A2C:D@BA252B2?8<2:2?ffi C6B:36BDEBEDDEBED252=29252=29 / /52?/BEC=:CDB:<H2?8>6?82=:B A252 B2?8<2:2? D6BC63ED 252=29 -6?DE<2? 272<D@B52H252? 3 52H2 H2?8 5:C6B2A B2?8<2:2? "6"# ffl:<6D29E: / //52? -682?82? D@D2= B2?8<2:2? 252=29 / / / / 2 fi2<D@B 52H2 252=29 / 4@C / ff ' 3 ffl2H2 H2?8 5:C6B2A B2?8<2:2? 252=29 4@C / fl 0
$:*4<2;.5*3*:2;24*=7<=4fi.5*;)fflffl -@?8<2D<@?5E<D@BH2?8A2?;2?8?H2 >36BAED2B56?82? <646A2D2?CE5EDD6D2AC636C2B B25 C5:52=2>526B29 36B>652?>28?6D C6B282> - ,E>3E AED2B2? D6BC63ED>6=2=E: C2=29 C2DE E;E?8 D@?8<2D 52? C6;2;2B 2B29?H2 56?82? 2B29 82B:C82B:C>652?>28?6D % H2?8 D6B:?5E<C: 2?D2B2<65E2E;E?8 D@?8<2D 252=29 2 / 5 / 3 / 6 / 4 / ffl&/7&-&3"*"/ ffl:<6D29E:D@?8<2D<@?5E<D@B36BAED2BA252C2=29C2DE E;E?8?H256?82?# > B25 C52? - ffl2B:ffl&23".""/ 9 %H2?8D6B:?5E<C:2?D2B2<65E2 -682?82?H2?8D6BE<EBA252B6C:CD@B52B:B2?8<2:2? ffi C6B:252=29/ #:<2 D682?82?CE>36B?H2 / 36B2A2<29 72<D@B 52H2?H2 +6C:CD2?C: B6C:CD@B B62<D2?C::?5E<D:752? B62<D2?C: <2A2C:D:752B:B2?8<2:2?ffi C6B:36BDEBEDDEBED &2+","/-") %* %"-". #5,5 -"4*)"//%" 252=29 52? -682?82?CE>36B?H2 252=29 / -6?DE<2? 2 72<D@B52H252? 3 52H2 H2?8 5:C6B2A B2?8<2:2? E;E?8 D@?8<2D 252=29 # / "6"# " !flffl ffi !2$/fi(1*7$5$$1+ffl)! fi(0%$+$5$1!2$/ SPMB l B v
ffl7-=4;25.4<:86*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:2485*4*524 fl&/5254"2"%"7A6BE3292?>652?>28?6D52A2D >6?892C:=<2? 2BEC:?5E<C: 52? %:?5E<C: )6B:CD:G2>E?4E=?H2 2BEC52? %:?5E<C: 2<:32D A6BE3292?>652?>28?6D5:C63ED*/%5,3*&-&,420 ."(/&4*, 5,5. &/8>6?H2D2<2? 329G2 2BEC:?5E<C: C6=2=E>6?:>3E=<2?>652?>28?6D:?5E<C: H2?8 36B=2G2?2? 56?82? A6BE3292?>652?>28?6D 2C2=?H2 -5,3."(/&4252=29;E>=2982B:C82B:C82H2>652? >28?6DH2?8>6B2>32D D682<=EBEC3:52?856?82? =E2C D6BD6?DE 4@C %:?5E<C: A252 <E>A2B2? C632?5:?8 56?82? =2;E A6BE3292? 7=E<C>28?6D 52? ;E>=29=:=:D2? <E>A2B2? ffi ffi+ 52? + fl&/5254 &/27 A6BE3292? 2BEC=:CDB:< A252 <E>A2B2? 52A2D>6?892C:=<2? */%5,3* %*2* %:?5E<C:5:B:C632?5:?856?82?=2;EA6BE3292? 2BEC=:CDB:< 52=2> <E>A2B2? ffi! ffi+ 52? ! + $E>A2B2? H2?8>6>:=:<::?5E<D2?C: 5:B: 5:C63ED */%5,402 ! #:<2 5E2 <E>A2B2? 36B56<2D2? 52? C2DE C2>2=2:? D6B;25:A6BE3292?2BEC=:CDB:<2<2?>E?4E=*/%5,4"/3* 3*-"/( "?5E<D@B36B7E?8C:>6?H:>A2?6?6B8:52=2>36?DE< >652?>28?6D 6?6B2D@B 2BEC=:CDB:<>6?8E329 6?6B8:>6<2?:< >6?;25:=:CDB:< 6?6B2D@B>6?892C:=<2? % H2?8 36BE329 C642B2 C:?EC@:52 $ C:? + $ 2"'0252=292=2DE?DE<>6?2:<<2?2D2E>6?EBE?<2? D682?82?=:CDB:<3@=2<32=:<'2:<2D2EDEBE??H2D682?82? A252DB27@36B82?DE?8A252A6B32?5:?82?2?D2B2;E>=29 =:=:D2?AB:>6B52?C6<E?56B , , ) ) fl6C2B?H2 &'*3*&/3* 42"'0 52A2D 5:<6D29E: 52B: A6B 32?5:?82? 2?D2B252H2A252 <E>A2B2?AB:>6B52? 52H2A252<E>A2B2?C6<E?56B , ) ,6=2:? 86?6B2D@B 52? DB27@ 2=2D2=2D H2?8 >6>2?722D<2? AB:?C:A:?5E<C: 6=6<DB@>28?6D:< 2?D2B2=2:?B6>>28?6D>:<B@7@?52?+'ffl)fflfl&)ffiffl) BEC=:CDB:< 3@=2<32=:<5:32?8<:D<2? @=69 86?6B2D@B ffi C:? $ ! + <2B 52B: ?:=2: B2D2B2D2 <E25B2D 2BEC 5:C63ED ?:=2: B>C)&&+$ffl%*(,)ffl2D2E?:=2:676<D:7 $ fflff !E3E?82? 2?D2B2 D682?82? 676<D:7 52? D682?82? >2<C:>E> 252=29 $ fflff 253 2"4"2"4" 252=29 2BEC 3@=2<32=:< H2?8 >6?892C:=<2?>E2D2? H2?8 C2>2 56?82?>E2D2? H2?8 5:92C:=<2? 2BEC C62B29 52=2>G2<DE H2?8 C2>2 $ #:<2 B6C:CD@B5:9E3E?8<2?56?82? CE>36B D682?82? ffi D682?82? 52? 2BEC=:CDB:<?H2 252=29 + $ C:? 52? ! + $ C:? #:<2:?5E<D@B5:9E3E?8<2?56?82?CE>36BD682?82? ffi D682?82?52? 2BEC=:CDB:<?H2 252=29 + $ C:? 52? C:? + $ fl #:<2 <2A2C:D@B 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36B D682?82?ffi D682?82? 52? 2BEC=:CDB:<?H2 252=29 + fl $ C:? 52? C:? + fl $ fl #:<2 B2?8<2:2? C6B: 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36BD682?82?ffi2BEC52?D682?82??H2252=29 + $ C:? 52? C:? + $ .1&%"/3* B2?8<2:2? 1 fi&30/"/3* B2?8<2:2? ff "7" A252 B2?8<2:2?ffi 4@C $1*.70$1
$:*4<2;.5*3*:2;24*=7<=4fi.5*;)fflffl P e t a fl87;.9 Resistif VV t R m sin ii t R m sin Arus Listrik Bolak-Balik Induktif VV t L m sin II t L m fi fi fi sin fi 1 2 Kapasitif VV t C m sin II t C m fi fi fi sin fi 1 2 RLC Seri VV t m sin II t m sin Z V I R R R R Z V I L X L L L Z V I C X C C C Z R XX L C 2 2 ( ) XL = XC f LC 0 1 2 VV t m sin iI t R m sin( ) • Generator Ac, • Transformator, • Rem Magnet, • Mikrofon, dan • Tape Recorder V V ef m 2 I I ef m 2 Hukum Faraday Hukum Lenz Hukum Henry L di dt M di dt N d dt &.<.5*16.69.5*3*:2+*+ffl7-=4;25.4<:86*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:24 85*4+*5247-*-*9*<6.6/8:6=5*;24*7487;.927-=4;2*:*-*@ -*7*:=;+85*4+*524;.:<*9.7.:*9*77@*-*5*64.12-=9*7;.1*:2 1*:2ff24*7-*+.5=66*69=6.6/8:6=5*;24*7487;.927-=4;2 *:*-*@ -*7 *:=; +85*4+*524 ;.:<* 9.7.:*977@* -*5*64.12-=9*7 ;.1*:21*:27-* +.5=66.70=*;*26*<.:2 +*+ ffl7-=4;2 5.4<:8 6*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:2485*4*524-.70*7+*24%=6=;4*7 6*<.:2 @*70 +.5=6 7-* 9*1*62 5*5= ,8+*5*1 7-* <=52;4*7 4*<*4*<*4=7,2<*79*6.521*<4*<*4=7,2@*70<.5*1*-*-*7 <=52;4*79=5*:*704=6*7;.:<*9.<*487;.9+.:-*;*:4*7>.:;2 7-* ff24* 9.:5= -2;4=;24*7 -.70*7<.6*7<.6*7 *<*= 0=:= 2;24* 7-* fl$-,,4, Induksi Elektromagnetik 9.:;*6**7 =6=6 9.:;*6**7 =6=6 -23.5*;4*7 -*5*6 <.0*70*7 ./.4<2/ *9524*;2 *:=; ./.4<2/ @*70 -21*;254*7 85.1 6.-*7 6*07.< 9.:;*6**7 =6=6 -*5*6 :*704*2*7 269.-*7;2 269.-*7;2 269.-*7;2 269.-*7;2 :.;87*7;2 /:.4=.7;2 :.;87*7;2
ffl7-=4;25.4<:86*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:2485*4*524 $25215*1;*5*1;*<=3*?*+*7@*709*5270<.9*<-*74.:3*4*75*19*-*+=4=5*<21*77-* ,63E293:52?8 C6=E2C 4> 5:D6>3EC C642B2 D682< =EBEC@=6982B:C82B:C82H2>28?6DH2?8<6B2A2D2??H2 R N03 > fl6C2B 7=E<C>28?6DH2?85:=:?8<EA: 3:52?8 D6BC63ED252=29M 2 ?@= 3 R N03 4 R N03 5 R N03 6 R N03 &6?EBED fi2B252H %:?5E<C: A252 <E>A2B2? 252=29 2 C632?5:?856?82?=2;EA6BE3292?7=E<C>28?6D 3 36B32?5:?8 D6B32=:< 56?82? =2;E A6BE3292? 7=E<C>28?6D 4 C632?5:?8 56?82?=2>2?H2 A6BE3292? 7=E<C >28?6D 5 36B32?5:?8D6B32=:<56?82?;E>=29=:=:D2?A252 <E>A2B2? 6 C632?5:?8 56?82? A6B:@56 AED2B2? <E>A2B2? fl6B52C2B<2?!E<E>fi2B252HC2DE2?G636B:56?D:< 56?82?M 2 F@=D C6<@? 3 G2DD C6<@? 4 2>A6B6 C6<@? 5 F@=DC6<@? 6 2>A6B6 C6<@? )6B92D:<2?82>32B5:C2> A:?8 ,63E29 <E>A2B2? 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? 82= F2?@>6D6B H2?8 A6<2 ,6 2?52:?H2 2BEC>6?82=:B 52B: <6 fl>6=2=E: 82= F2?@>6D6B ;2BE>82=F2 ?@>6D6B 2<2? 36B86B2< <6 <2?2? #:<2 <EDE3.>28 ?6D 5:>2CE<<2? <6>E 5:2? 5:<6=E2B<2? 52B: <E>A2B2?;2BE>82=F2?@>6D6B2<2?36B86B2<M 2 <6 <2?2? <6>E5:2? 36B96?D: 3 <6<:B:<6>E5:2?36B96?D: 4 <6<2?2?<6<:B:<6>E5:2?36B96?D: 5 <6<2?2?<6>E5:2?<6<:B: 6 <6<:B:<6<2?2?<6>E5:2?36B96?D: fi=E<C>28?6D:< H2?8>6>@D@?8 C63E29 <E>A2B2? 52B: =:=:D2? 36B<EB2?8 52B: R N 03>6?;25: ?@= 52=2> C6=2?8G2<DE C6<@? fl6C2B % :?5E<C: 52=2> <E>A2B2? 252=29M 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / fi=E<C>28?6D H2?8 5:=:?8<EA: C63E29 <E>A2B2? H2?8 D6B5:B: 2D2C =:=:D2? 36BE329>6?EBED A6BN C2>22? N C:? +56?82? 52=2>G636B52? +52=2>C6<@?#:<292>32D2?<E>A2B2? <E2D 2BEC=:CDB:<>2<C:>E> A252 <E>A2B2? 252=29M 2 5 3 6 4 $2G2D)*H2?8A2?;2?8?H2 4>5:86C6B<6<2?2? 56?82?<646A2D2?> CC6A6BD:A25282>32B36B:<ED #:<2:?5E<C:>28?6D -36C2B %52?2B292BEC A252 <2G2D)*>2C:?8>2C:?8 252=29M 2 /52B:)<6* 3 /52B:*<6) 4 /52B:)<6* 5 /52B:*<6) 6 /52B:)<6* -@?8<2D <@?5E<D@B H2?8A2?;2?8?H2 > 36BAED2B 56?82? <646A2D2? CE5ED D6D2A C636C2B B25 C 5: 52=2> 526B29 36B>652?>28?6D C6B282> - ,E>3E AED2B2? D6BC63ED>6=2=E: C2=29 C2DE E;E?8 D@?8<2D 52? C6;2;2B 56?82? 2B29 82B:C82B:C 82H2 >652?>28?6D5:2D2C %H2?8D6B:?5E<C:2?D2B2 <65E2E;E?8D@?8<2D36C2B?H2M 2 / 5 / 3 / 6 / 4 / ,E2DE <E>A2B2? D6B5:B: 2D2C =:=:D2? 36B36?DE< A6BC68: A2?;2?8 56?82? A2?;2?8 4> 52?=632B 4> $E>A2B2? D6BC63ED>6>:=:<: CE>3E AED2B H2?8 D682<=EBEC>652?>28?6D C636C2B - 52? 5:AED2B 56?82? <646A2D2? CE5ED B25 C % >2<C:>E> H2?8 D:>3E= A252 E;E?8E;E?8 <E>A2B2? 252=29M 2 / 5 / 3 / 6 / 4 / 82B %>2<C:>E> H2?8 5:92C:=<2? 86?6B2D@B >6?;25: 5E2 <2=: C6>E=2 A6B?H2D22? H2?8 36?2B 252=29 2 7B6<E6?C: AED2B2??H2 5:;25:<2? C6D6?829 <2=: C6>E=2 3 A6B:@56 AED2B2??H2 5:;25:<2? C6D6?829 <2=: C6>E=2 4 ;E>=29 =:=:D2??H2 5:;25:<2? C6D6?829 <2=: C6>E=2 5 =E2C A6?2>A2?8 52? ;E>=29=:=:D2? <E>A2B2? 5:;25:<2? 5E2 <2=: C6>E=2 6 <2G2D <E>A2B2? 5:82?D: 56?82? <2G2D H2?8 <6D632=2??H2 5E2 <2=: C6>E=2 RRRRR ffl RRR RRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRR R RRRRRR RRRRRRRRR RRRRR ff RRR R v 8$/7$5,ffl$6(4,$%
$:*4<2;.5*3*:2;24*=7<=4fi.5*;)fflffl fflE2 3E29 86?6B2D@Bffi H2?8:?5E<C:>28?6D 52? ;E>=29=:=:D2??H2 C2>2>6?892C:=<2? % H2?8 36C2B?H2 C2>2 #:<2=E2C <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 <2=: =E2C <E>A2B2? <65E2 <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? <65E2C2>256?82?M 2 1 4 <2=: <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 3 1 2 <2=: <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 4 <2=: <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 5 <2=: <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 6 <2=: <646A2D2? AED2B <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 ff7:C:6?C:C63E29 DB2?C7@B>2D@B252=29 2BD:?H2 2 <E2D 2BEC A252 <E>A2B2? AB:>6B 36B32?5:?8 <E2D2BECA252<E>A2B2?C6<E?56B 3 D682?82? A252 <E>A2B2? AB:>6B 36B32?5:?8 D682?82?A252<E>A2B2? C6<E?56B 4 ;E>=29=:=:D2? <E>A2B2? AB:>6B 36B32?5:?8 ;E>=29=:=:D2?<E>A2B2? C6<E?56B 5 52H2A252 <E>A2B2?AB:>6B 36B32?5:?852H2 A252<E>A2B2?C6<E?56B 6 92>32D2? A252 <E>A2B2? AB:>6B 36B32?5:?8 92>32D2?A252 <E>A2B2? C6<E?56B ,63E29DB2?C7@B>2D@B>6>:=:<:A6B32?5:?82?=:=:D2? AB:>6B 52? C6<E?56B fl28:2? C6<E?56B DB2?C7@B>2D@B 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82?=:>2 3E29 =2>AE 0 / H2?85:CECE?A2B2=6= #:<267:C:6?C: DB2?C7@B>2D@B 52?=2>AE=2>AE>6?H2=2 ?@B>2=<E2D 2BECAB:>6B?H2 252=29M 2 3 4 5 6 )6B32?5:?82? ;E>=29=:=:D2? <2G2D A252 <E>A2B2? AB:>6B 52? C6<E?56B C63E29 DB2?C7@B>2D@B 252=29 -682?82?52? <E2D 2BEC>2CE<2??H2>2C:?8 >2C:?8 /52? #:<252H2B2D2B2D2H2?836BE329 >6?;25: <2=@B A252 DB2?C7@B>2D@B D6BC63ED 252=29 052?D682?82?<6=E2B2??H2/2BEC<6=E2B2??H2 C636C2BM 2 3 4 5 6 ,63E29<E>A2B2?>6>:=:<: =:=:D2?52?:?5E<D2?C: ?H2 96?BH #:<2 A252 <E>A2B2? D6BC63ED D6B;25: A6BE3292?<E2D2BEC52B: >6?;25: 52=2>G2<DE C6<@? %:?5E<C:5:B:A252<E>A2B2? D6BC63ED 252=29M 2 F@=D 5 F@=D 3 F@=D 6 F@=D 4 F@=D ,63E29:?5E<D@B>6>:=:<::?5E<D2?C: >!)252 :?5E<D@B D6BC63ED>6?82=:B 2BEC ff?6B8: H2?8 D6BC:>A2? A252:?5E<D@B 252=29M 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 # 6 # 6?6B2D@Bffi>6>32?8<:D<2? D682?82?=:CDB:< 56?82? A6BC2>22?V 120 2 sin100 F@=D56?82?+ 52=2> C6<@? -682?82? 676<D:7 52? 7B6<E6?C: D682?82? D6BC63ED 252=29M 2 /52? !I 3 /52? !I 4 /52? !I 5 /52? !I 6 /52? !I ,63E292>A6B6>6D6Bffi>6?8E<EB2BEC=:CDB:<52=2> B2?8<2:2? #2BE> 2>A6B6>6D6B>6?E?;E<<2? 2?8<2 !2=D6BC63ED>6?E?;E<<2?329G2M 2 2BEC>2<C:>E>?H2 3 2BEC676<D:7?H2 4 2BEC B2D2B2D2?H2 5 2BECAE?42< <6AE?42<?H2 6 2BEC B6C@?2?C:?H2 ,63E29 <E>A2B2? 56?82?:?5E<D2?C: ! 52? B6C:CD2?C:>EB?: 5:9E3E?8<2?56?82?CE>36B D682?82?ffi / B25 CBEC=:CDB:< H2?8 >6=2=E: <E>A2B2? 252=29M 2 5 3 6 4 ,63E29<E>A2B2?56?82?B62<D2?C::?5E<D:7 52? 92>32D2? 6<:F2=6? 5:B2?8<2: C6B: 56?82? <2A2C:D@BH2?8B62<D2?C:<2A2C:D:7?H2 +2?8<2:2? D6BC63ED5:9E3E?8<2?56?82?CE>36Bffi>2<2M 2 2BEC>6?529E=E: D682?82?56?82?3652 72C6 L 3 2BECD6BD:?882=@=69D682?82?56?82?365272C6 L 4 2BEC>6?529E=E: D682?82?56?82?3652 72C6 L 5 2BECD6BD:?882=@=69D682?82?56?82?365272C6 L 6 2BEC>6?529E=E: D682?82?56?82?3652 72C6L !2>32D2?:?5E<D@B 52? <2A2C:D@B>2C:?8 >2C:?8>6>AE?H2: ?:=2: @9> 96?BH 52? fi #:<2 <6D:82 <@>A@?6? =:CDB:< D6BC63ED 5:9E3E?8<2? C6B: 52? 5:36B: D682?82? 676<D:7ffi F@=DC652?8<2?7B6<E6?C:CE5EDffi B25 C :>A652?C: B2?8<2:2? @9> 2BEC676<D:7B2?8<2:2? D682?82? H2?8>6=:?D2C: 252=29 / D682?82? H2?8>6=:?D2C:ffi 252=29 / )6B?H2D22? H2?8 36?2B 252=29M 2 52? 3 52? 4 52? 5 6 52?
ffl7-=4;25.4<:86*07.<24-*7:=; 2;<:2485*4*524 ffl:<6D29E:329G22BECC62B29fflffiC636C2B 2>A6B6 H2?8>6?82=:B>6=6G2D: CE2DE 7:=2>6? A6>2?2C >2>AE>6?892C:=<2? 52H2=:CDB:< A252?H2 C636C2B #:<25:8E?2<2?2BEC3@=2<32=:<ffi56?82??:=2: AE?42< C636C2B 2>A6B6 ;E82 36C2B 52H2=:CDB:< C6<2B2?8 H2?8 52A2D 5:32?8<:D<2? A252 7:=2>6? 252=29M 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 )6B92D:<2? 82>32B36B:<ED 82>32B D6BC63ED>6?E?;E<<2?5:28B2>72C@B CE2DEB2?8<2:2?2BEC3@=2<32=:<#:<2 7B6<E6?C: 2BEC 3@=2<32=:< !I A6B?H2D22? H2?8 36?2B 252=29 2 92>32D2??H2 > 3 :?5E<D2?C:?H2 >! 4 <2A2C:D2?C:?H2 >fi 5 <2A2C:D2?C:?H2 >fi 6 :?5E<D2?C:?H2 >! ff*?*+5*19.:<*7@**7+.:24=<-.70*7+.7*:-*74.:3*4*75*19*-*+=4=5*<21*77-* ,63E29<E>A2B2?5:2=:B:2BEC<6D:<25:9E3E?8N <2?56?82?CE>36Bfflffi /$6D:<25:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36Bffi 2BEC H2?8 C2>25:A6B@=69;:<2 5:36B:D682?82? /#:<27B6<E6?C:2BECffi!I :?5E<D2?C: <E>A2B2? 252=29M 2 >! 3 >! 4 >! 5 >! 6 >! +2?8<2:2? C6B:56?82? 52? 5:9E3E?82?56?82?86?6B2D@BH2?8 >6>32?8<:D<2? D682?82? V t 120 2 sin100 F@=D 56?82?+52=2>C6<@?ffl2H2H2?85:C6B2AB2?8<2:2? 252=29M 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 / > -E=:C<2?>:?:>E> 42B2E?DE<>6>A6B36C2B % :?5E<C: 52=2> 6<CA6B:>6? fi2B252H ,63E29 <E>A2B2?56?82?=E2CA6?2>A2?8 4> 92>32D2? 52?;E>=29=:=:D2? 36B25252=2> >652?>28?6DH2?8C6;2;2B56?82?CE>3E<E>A2B2? "?5E<C:>28?6D?H2 36BE329>6?EBED A6BC2>22? fl N C:? + D6C=2 56?82? + 52=2> C6<@? -6?DE<2? 2 7=E<C>28?6D C63282: 7E?8C:G2<DE 3 =2;E A6BE3292? 7=E<C>28?6D 4 %:?5E<C: A252 <E>A2B2? 52? 5 2BEC=:CDB:< A252 <E>A2B2? fflE23E29<E>A2B2?A6BC68:36B86B2<5:C6<:D2B<2G2D 36B2BEC=:CDB:< C6A6BD: 5:A6B=:92D<2? A252 82>32B 36B:<ED-6?DE<2?2B292BEC:?5E<C:A252D:2A4:?4:? ;:<2 252 ,63E29 <E>A2B2? 56?82? ;2B:;2B: A6?2>A2?8 4> D6B5:B: 2D2C =:=:D2? $E>A2B2? D6BC63ED D6B3E2D 52B: <2G2D 36B5:2>6D6B >>&652? >28?6D:< C6B282> D682<=EBEC 56?82? A6?2>A2?8 <E>A2B2? 36BE329 56?82?=2;E R N - C !2>32D2?;6?:C <2G2D R N >-6?DE<2? 2 2BEC A252 <E>A2B2? 52? 3 52H2 H2?8 5:92C:=<2? ,63E29 <E>A2B2? 36B36?DE< =:?8<2B2? 36B25252=2>>652? >28?6D H2?8 2B29?H2 C6;2;2B CE>3E <E>A2B2? C6A6BD: 82>32B5:C2>A:?8#:<2>652? >28?6D D:32D:32 36B32=:< 2B29 82>32B<2? 2B29 2BEC A252 <E>A2B2? ,63E29 <E>A2B2? 36B36?DE< D@B@:52 56?82? ;2B: ;2B: 676<D:7 4> 52?=E2C A6?2>A2?8 4> #:<2 <E>A2B2? D6B5:B: 2D2C =:=:D2? 52? 5:2=:B: 2BEC =:CDB:< -6?DE<2? 2 :?5E<D2?C: D@B@:52 52? 3 6?6B8: H2?8 D6BC:>A2? A252 <E>A2B2? v v i B
$:*4<2;.5*3*:2;24*=7<=4fi.5*;)fflffl fflE2 3E29 <E>A2B2? 5:CECE? C656>:<:2? C69:?882 <E>A2B2? A6BD2>2 36B252 5: 52=2> <E>A2B2? <65E2 $E>A2B2? A6BD2>25:9E3E?8<2? <6 32D6B2: >6=2=E: C63E29 C2<6=2B A2<29 % :?5E<C: >E?4E= A252 <E>A2B2? <65E2 <6D:<2 C2<6=2B D6BC2>3E?8 4E<EA=2>2A2 H2?8 52A2D?52 =2<E<2? 282B %:?5E<C: C6?2?D:2C2>E?4E= A252 <E>A2B2? <65E2 6?6B2D@Bffi D6B5:B: 2D2C <E>A2B2? 56?82? =:=:D2? 52? =E2C A6?2>A2?8 4> &652? >28?6D?H2 252=29 - -6?DE<2? D682?82? 676<D:7 H2?8 5:92C:=<2? 86?6B2D@B ;:<2 B@D@B?H2 5:AED2B 56?82? <6=2;E2? CE5ED B25 C $6D:<2?52>6?8E<EBD682?82?ffi>6?88E?2<2? F@=D>6D6B?:=2:2A2<29H2?8D6B3242@=69F@=D>6D6B A2 A6B36522??H2 ;:<2 ?52 >6?88E?2<2? @C:=@C<@A ,63E29 B6C:CD@B 56?82? 92>32D2? C63E29 <2A2C:D@B 56?82? <2A2C:D2?C: fi 52? C63E29 :?5E<D@B 56?82?:?5E<D2?C: ! 5:CECE? C6B: +2?8<2:2? D6BC63ED 5:9E3E?8<2? 56?82? CE>36B D682?82? / B25 C -6?DE<2? 2 :>A652?C: 3 2BEC676<D:7 4 CE5ED 72C6 52? 5 52H2 5:C:A2C: A252 B2?8<2:2?
>*5=*;2!*<.:2&.6.;<.: $25215*1;*5*1;*<=3*?*+*7@*709*5270<.9*<-*74.:3*4*75*19*-*+=4=5*<21*77-* ,6C6@B2?8>6?42D2D 329G2 AE?42< 86=@>32?8 >6=6G2D:C63E29 D:D:<C6D:2A C6<@?"2;E82>6?8 E<EB329G2;2B2<2?D2B25E2AE?42<86=@>32?8H2?8 36B56<2D2? 252=29 > ffi6A2D B2>32D 86=@>32?8 D6BC63ED252=29M 2 > C 3 > C 4 > C 5 > C 6 > C 6=@>32?8DB2?CF6BC2=>6B2>32DA252D2=:H2?85:36B: 82H2 D682?82? ' #:<2>2CC2 ;6?:C=:?62B D2=: C636C2B <8 >>2<2 46A2DB2>32D86=@>32?8?H2 252=29M 2 > C 3 > C 4 > C 5 > C 6 > C 02<DE H2?8 5:3EDE9<2? 86=@>32?8 3E?H: E?DE< >6B2>32D 52=2> 36C: 32;2 C6A2?;2?8 <> ;:<2 5:2?882A<6B2A2D2?32;2<8 > 52?>@5E=EC 6=2CD:C:D2C?H2 R ' > 252=29M 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C ,63E29 86=@>32?8 DB2?CF6BC2=>6B2>32D 56?82? A6BC2>22? C:? >6D6B / 0 + fl /52=2>>6D6B+52=2>C6<@?>2<2 46A2DB2>32D86=@>32?8C2>256?82? > C A2?;2?8 86=@>32?8 36C2B?H2 >6D6B 7B6<E6?C: CE5ED 86=@>32?8 C2>2 56?82? B25 C 52? CE5ED72C6>E=2>E=2CE>36B86=@>32?8 )6B?H2D22? H2?8 36?2B 252=29M 2 52? 3 52? 4 52? 5 6 52? ):A2 @B82?2 D6B3E<2 52? A:A2 @B82?2 D6BDEDEA C636=29fl>6>:=:<:A2?;2?8H2?8C2>2)6B32?5:?82? 7B6<E6?C: ?252 2D2C A6BD2>2 2?D2B2 A:A2 @B82?2 56?82?A:A2@B82?2fl252=29M 2 3 4 5 6 )252;2B2< >52B:CE>36B=652<2?D6B56?82B3E?H: 56?82? D2B27:?D6?C:D2C5fl)252;2B2< >52B: CE>36B=652<2? 3E?H: D6BC63ED D6B56?82B 56?82? D2B27:?D6?C:D2CM 2 5fl 3 5fl 4 5fl 5 5fl 6 5fl &@3:= 2>3E=2?C 36B86B2< 56?82? <6=2;E2? > C C2>3:=>6>3E?H:<2? C:B6?6 H2?8>6?892C:=<2? 7B6<E6?C:!I)6B36522?7B6<E6?C:H2?8D6B56?82B @=69C6C6@B2?8H2?85:2>5:A:?88:B;2=2?<6D:<2>@3:= 2>3E=2?C>6?56<2D: 52?>6?;2E9:?H2 ;:<2 46A2D B2>32D3E?H:5:E52B2C22D:DE > C252=29M 2 !I 3 !I 4 !I 5 !I 6 !I ffi292H2>@?@<B@>2D:<52B:CE2DECE>36B>6?86?2: CE2DE 46=29 <6>32B 52?>6?892C:=<2? A@=2:?D6B 76B6?C: 56?82? ;2B2< 2?D2B2 5E2 A@=2 D6B56<2D 4>52?=6D2<=2H2B52B:46=29 4>#:<2;2B2<46=29 >> A2?;2?8 86=@>32?8 52B: 4292H2>@?@ <B@>2D:<D6BC63ED252=29M 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K #:<24292H2AED:95:=6G2D<2?A252CE2DE<:C:5:7B2<C: G2B?24292H2H2?8>6?82=2>:56F:2C:A2=:?856<2D D6B9252A 32H2?82? AEC2D 252=29M 2 ;:?882 3 >6B29 4 <E?:?8 5 9:;2E 6 E?8E 02B?2 3:BE=2?8:D D6B;25: <2B6?2 4292H2&2D292B: >6?82=2>:M 2 5:7B2<C: 3 92>3EB2? 4 :?D6B76B6?C: 5 A6>2?DE=2? 6 A6>3:2C2? 8$/7$5, ffl$6(4, !(0(56(4
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