chemistry scrapbook

NAME: OON XING RONG
CLASS: S56
TEACHER: PN. VILASINI

TITLE:
Harmonising traditional and modern medicines

Uses?

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to principal SMJK SIN MIN, Mrs.
Li Lee Chin for giving me this opportunity to do this project on the topic of
harmonising traditional and modern medicines.

Besides, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Pn. Vilasini,
who instructed and helped me a lot although it have just been a couple of
months as she gave me valuable ideas and suggestions when I face troubles
while doing this project.

Lastly, I would like to thank everyone including my family and friends
who helped me throughout the whole scrapbook project.

ii

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………….…………………ii
Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………iii

Introduction to traditional medicines and modern medicines…………………………..4-5
Uses of traditional medicines…………………………………………………………………….……..6-7
Uses of modern medicines………………………………………………………………………….……8-9
Harmonising traditional and modern medicines ………………………………….……………10
Reference…………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….11

iii

Introduction! Medicines are chemicals used to help with the treatment
or prevention of diseases. Medicines can be classified
into traditional medicines and modern medicines

Traditional medicines:

▪ Comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over
generations within the folk beliefs of various societies before the era of modern
medicine.

▪ Humans have used natural products, such as plants, animals,
▪ Microorganisms, and marine organisms, in medicines to alleviate and treat

diseases
▪ Oldest form of health care in the world and is used in the prevention, and

treatment of physical and mental illnesses
▪ Obtained from herbal plants or animals and are not chemically processed.
▪ Prepared by crushing certain parts of the plants using pestle and mortar and

rubbing on sore limbs.
▪ Certain parts of the plants or animals that are boiled to get the essence and to be

consumed orally.
▪ Nowadays, traditional medicines have evolved through processing, and marketed

in the form of pills and capsules.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Ginseng (Panax ginseng):
• Remove gas from the • Build immunity
body
• Prevent colds against infections
• Help to warm the body • Lower blood pressure

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadenis miller): and cholesterol level
• Treat skin diseases
• Treat wound caused by Examples of
burns Traditional Medicines

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica):
• Juice of the fruit
relieves coughs
• Brighten the skin

Pg4
Detailed uses on page 6

Ibnu Sina (Avicenna) is considered
to be the father of modern medicine.

He was one of the first doctors to
link disease with mental health and

used this method to prevent and
treat depression in patients.

Modern medicines:

➢ New technologies, such as biotechnology, nanotechnology and genetic
engineering, have boost the production of modern medicine in the
pharmaceutical industry.

➢ Most of modern medicines produced today come from plants,
microorganisms or synthetic chemicals.

➢ Modern medicines are available in various forms, such as pills, capsules, powders
and liquids.

Analgesics

Corticosteroids Antimicroialis

MODERN
MEDICINE

Anti allergies Psychotic

Pg5

Uses of traditional medicines
Herbal medicine is mainly for health promotion and therapy for chronic, as opposed to life-
threatening, conditions. However, usage of traditional will increase when conventional medicine is
ineffective in the treatment of disease, such as cancer. Ginger, Ginseng, Tamarind and Long jack
(Tongkat Ali), is usually used as traditional medicine in Malaysia.
GINGER

Ginger is a plant with leafy stems and yellowish green flowers. The ginger spice comes from
the roots of the plant. Ginger is native to warmer parts of Asia, such as China, Japan, and India, but
now is grown in parts of South American and Africa. It is also now grown in the Middle East to use as
medicine and with food.

It can be used d for chest pain, low back pain, and stomach pain, anorexia, to stimulate
breast milk, as a diuretic, and to increase sweating. Moreover, cholera, bleeding, bacterial bloody
diarrhea, baldness, malaria, inflamed testicles, poisonous snake bites, and toothaches can too be
treated by ginger!

Ginger can bring a lot of benefits, but little do you know, ginger can even be turned into oil.
The oil made from ginger is sometimes applied to the skin to relieve pain and ginger extract can also
be applied to the skin to prevent insect bites.

GINGER OIL

Pg6

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that’s been used to treat various health conditions for thousands of
years. It’s usually safe to use also vera directly from the plant or you can buy it in gel form.

Due to its soothing, moisturizing, and cooling properties, aloe
vera is often used to treat burns. Studies even show that
Consuming aloe vera can benefit your digestive tract and help
to soothe and cure stomach ailments, including irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS).

Nowadays, aloe vera had also been made into products like
toothpaste to improve oral hygiene and reducing plaque and it
showed significant improvements to our oral health.

Furthermore, by using fresh aloe on your face may help clear
up acne as improvements were seen in lower levels of inflammation.

Last of all, it can help us to relieve anal fissures. We can apply an aloe vera cream to the affected
area several times throughout the day may help promote healing.

GINSENG

Ginseng is a light-colored, forked-shaped root, a
relatively long stalk, and green leaves in an oval shape
and it boosts energy, lower blood sugar and cholesterol
levels, reduce stress, promote relaxation, treat diabetes,
and manage sexual dysfunction in men.

Ginseng can be eaten raw, made into tea or added to various dishes. It can also be consumed as a
powder, capsule or oil.

Research states that Ginseng may help stimulate physical and mental activity in people who feel weak
and tired. Besides, it may improve thinking processes and cognition too as our brain functions like
memory, behavior and mood is improved.

As they provide antioxidant protection Ginseng can maintain the health of cells, which could help
decrease the risk of certain kinds of cancer by lowering oxidative damage and increasing energy
production in cells.

Pg7 Isn’t it amazing?!

Uses of modern medicine

As from pg 5, we can know that modern medicines are classified into 5 types, which are Analgesics,
Antimicrobials, Psychotic drugs, Anti allergies, Corticosteroids. Although modern medicines are great,
but they do bring some side effects.

Analgesics

Analgesics are medicines that are used to relieve pain. They are also known as painkillers or pain
relievers. Technically, the term analgesic refers to a medication that provides relief from pain without
putting you to sleep or making you lose consciousness

There are a few examples of analgesics, which are:

➢ Aspirin Both Aspirin and Paracetamol relieve pain in conscious
➢ Paracetamol state while Codeine relieves pain alleviates coughs and
➢ Codeine treats diarrhoea.

Analgesics should be taken according to doctor’s prescription as
analgesics like aspirin is acidic and is not suitable for gastric patients
as it’ll cause stomach ulcers. Too much of Paracetamol may also
cause liver damage. Drowsiness will also occur if we overdose
Codeine.

Antimicrobials

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.

Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act

primarily against. For example,

Antibiotics kill or retard bacterial growth antibiotics are used against
•Penicillin bacteria, and antifungals are
•Streptomycin used against fungi.

Antiseptics apllied externally on the skin Antibiotics need to be fully consumed so tat all
•Hydeogen peroxide the bacteria can be killed (or else bacteria will
•iodine be immune to the antibiotics and disease
•borice acid recur). Antiseptics can only be applied
externally and cannot be digested.
Disinfectants destroy pathogens found on non-living objects
•alcohol
•formaldehyde

Pg8

Psychotic Drugs
Psychotic Drugs are known as major tranquilizers and
neuroleptics, antipsychotic medications are the main class
of drugs used to treat people with schizophrenia. They are
also used to treat people with psychosis that occurs in
bipolar disorder, depression and Alzheimer's disease.
Examples of Psychotic Drugs:
➢ Haloperidol
➢ Chlorpromazine
➢ Clozapine
Treatment for psychosis, a symptom of mental illness that causes patients to see, hear and
believe something that is not real. Antipsychotic medications can reduce or relieve symptoms of
psychosis, such as delusions and even hallucination.

Psychotic Drugs MUST be taken with a doctor’s prescription as it can cause abnormal
involuntary facial and body movements. Besides, it can cause stiffness and shakes.

Anti allergies
Anti allergies are used to prevent an allergic response. It can also relieve runny
nose and itchiness.
Some anti allergies such as antithistamines cannot be over used as it can cause
drowsiness. It can also cause dry mouth (xerostomia), blurred vision and
constipation.

Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are a class of drug that lowers inflammation in the
body. They also reduce immune system activity. Because corticosteroids
ease swelling, itching, redness, and allergic reactions, doctors often
prescribe them to help treat diseases like: asthma. arthritis.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LONG-TERM INTAKE CAN CAUSE MOON FACE (FACIAL SWELLING), HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND
Pg9 INCREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Reference

1. https://www.rxlist.com/ginger/supplements.htm
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-

sciences/traditional-medicine
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3031942/
4. https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-use-aloe-vera-plant
5. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262982
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial#:~:text=An%20antimicrobial

%20is%20an%20agent,antifungals%20are%20used%20against%20fungi.
7. https://www.healthline.com/health/corticosteroids-what-are-

they#overview
8. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6007-9383/prednisone-

oral/prednisone-oral/details
9. https://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergy-medications
10.https://www.asiabiotech.com/09/0923/1265_1267.pdf
11.Form 5 Chemistry text book written by Raja Jamaliah binti Raja Saigon,

Aishah Peong binti Abdullah, Marwan bin Yaacob @ Salleh

Pg10

Harmonization of Traditional and
Modern Medicine

By harmonizing activities between modern and traditional medicine, we
can promote a clearer understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of
each, and encourage the provision of the best therapeutic option for
patients. Therefore, patients can get the best treatment.

Experts says that the treatment for the virus, Covid-19 that causes the
pandemic is best when we combine traditional Chinese medicine and
western medicine compared to simple use of traditional Chinese medicine
and western medicine. This is because it can improve the symptoms of
fever, cough, fatigue and other symptoms faster, shorten the length of
hospital stay, improve the nucleic acid conversion rate, effectively reduce
the development from light and common type to severe and severe type to
critical type and the most important thing is it can improve the cure rate
and reduce the disease death rate.

Fun fact, traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and massage are
used to promote the recovery of patients that had been infected by The
Corona Virus until today.

After months and months of practice, mild patients that have been
affected by Covid-19 can be completely removed by traditional Chinese
medicine and on the contrary, Western modern medicine actually provides
support to the respiratory system.

In conclusion, Traditional medicine and Modern medicine are really
important in our lives and they can e improved when they harmonise
together as both are indispensable.

Pg10