Publishedby Aga KhanUniversity ExaminationBoard Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi,Pakistan. Latest revision: August 2022 (This syllabus has been periodically revised in 2012 and 2020) © The Aga Khan University Examination Board, 2022 All rights and entitlements reserved. This syllabus is developed by Aga Khan University Examination Board for distribution to all its affiliated schools only. No part of this syllabus may be copied, reproduced or used for any other purpose whatsoever without prior written permission of the Aga Khan University Examination Board.
Secondary School Certificate Examination Syllabus Business Studies GRADES IX-X This syllabus will be examined in Annual Examination session from Annual Examinations 2023
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Syllabus 2022 4 Table of Contents Page No. Preface 5 Introduction to AKU-EB Syllabi 7 Subject Rationale 8 Student Learning Outcomes 9 Scheme of Assessment 33 Acknowledgments 38 For queries and feedback Address: Aga Khan University ExaminationBoard Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi,Pakistan. Phone: (92-21) 3682-7011 Fax: (92-21) 3682-7019 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://examinationboard.aku.edu Facebook: www.facebook.com/akueb
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Syllabus 2022 5 Preface Established in 2002 through the Pakistan government’s ordinance, the Aga Khan University Examination Board (AKU-EB) is country’s first private autonomous qualification awarding body for secondary (SSC) and higher secondary (HSSC) school certifications. Its vision is to be a model of excellence and innovation in education in Pakistan and the developing world. AKU-EB achieves its vision by developing examination syllabi which inculcate conceptual thinking and higher order learning and are aligned with National/ trans-provincial curricula and international standards. AKU-EB revises its syllabi periodically to support the needs of students, teachers and examiners. The aims of the syllabus review of SSC and HSSC are to: • Ensure continued compatibility with the goals of the trans-provincial curricula of Pakistan. • Review the content for inclusion of new knowledge and deletion of obsolete knowledge. • Review the content for clarity and relevance as per the changing needs of students, teachers and examiners. • Enhance and strengthen continuation and progression of content both within and across grades IX - XII (SCC and HSSC). • Ensure the readiness of students for higher education. During the syllabus review, the needs of all the stakeholders were identified through a needsassessment survey. Students and teachers of AKU-EB affiliated schools from across Pakistan participated in the survey. Thereafter, a revision panel, which consisted of examiners, teachers of affiliated and non-affiliated schools, teacher trainers and university academicians, reviewed and revised the syllabus following a planned, meticulous and standardised syllabi review process. The syllabus is organised into topics and subtopics. Each subtopic is further divided into achievable student learning outcomes (SLOs). The SLOs of the cognitive domain are each assigned a cognitive level on which they have to be achieved. These cognitive levels are ‘knowledge’, ‘understanding’ and ‘application’, the latter also including other higher order skills. This is followed by the Exam Specification which gives clear guidance about the weightage of each topic and how the syllabus will be assessed. The development of the revised syllabus has been made possible by the creativity and relentless hard work of Curriculum and Examination Development unit and the constant support provided by all the other units of AKU-EB. We are particularly thankful to Dr Sohail Qureshi for his very useful feedback on revising the syllabus review process, to Dr Naveed Yousuf for his continued guidance and support throughout the syllabus revision process and to Raabia Hirani for leading the syllabi revision. We are also thankful to all the students and teachers who took part in the needs-assessment survey and to the principals of AKU-EB affiliated schools who made this endeavour possible by facilitating and encouraging their teachers to be a part of the survey and the syllabus revision panel.
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Syllabus 2022 6 With your support and collective hard work, AKU-EB has been able to take the necessary steps to ensure effective implementation of the best international and trans-provincial standards through this syllabus. We are confident that this syllabus will continue to provide the support that is needed by students to progress to the next level of education and we wish the very best to our students and teachers in implementing this syllabus. Dr Shehzad Jeeva Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Aga Khan University Examination Board Associate Professor of Practice, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aga Khan University
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Syllabus 2022 7 Understanding of AKU-EB Syllabi 1. The AKU-EB syllabi guide the students, teachers, parents and other stakeholders regarding the topics that will be taught and examined in each grade (IX, X, XI and XII). In each syllabus document, the content progresses from simple to complex, thereby, facilitating a gradual, conceptual learning of the content. 2. The topics of the syllabi are divided into subtopics and student learning outcomes (SLOs). The subtopics and the SLOs define the depth and the breadth at which each topic will be taught, learnt and examined. The syllabi also provide enabling SLOs where needed to scaffold student learning. 3. Each SLO starts with an achievable and assessable command word such as describe, relate, evaluate, etc. The purpose of the command words is to direct the attention of teachers and students to specific tasks that the students are expected to undertake in the course of their studies. The examination questions are framed using the same command words or their connotations to elicit evidence of these competencies in students’ responses. 4. The topics of the syllabi are grouped into themes derived from the National/ transprovincial curricula. The connection between various themes and topics is highlighted in the ‘concept map’ provided at the beginning of each syllabus. This ensures that students begin to understand the interconnectedness of knowledge, learn conceptually and think critically. 5. The SLOs are classified under three cognitive levels: knowledge (K), understanding (U) and application and other higher order skills (A) for effective planning during teaching and learning. Furthermore, it will help to derive multiple choice questions (MCQs), constructed response questions (CRQs) and extended response questions (ERQs) on a rational basis from the subject syllabi. 6. By focusing on the achievement of the SLOs, these syllabi aim to counter the culture of rote memorisation as the preferred method of examination preparation. While suggesting relevant, locally available textbooks for achieving these outcomes, AKU-EB recommends that teachers and students use multiple teaching and learning resources for achieving these outcomes. 7. The syllabi follow a uniform layout for all subjects to make them easier for students and teachers to follow. They act as a bridge between students, teachers and assessment specialists by providing a common framework of student learning outcomes and exam specifications. 8. On the whole, the AKU-EB syllabi for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) provide a framework that helps students to acquire conceptual understanding and learn to critically engage with it. This lays a solid foundation for HSSC and beyond.
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Syllabus 2022 8 Subject Rationale of AKU-EB Business Studies What will you learn in Business Studies? Business Studies imbues the principles of business and its practices through the elements of doing business. The subject focuses on planning, analysing, management, and organising of various business activities and highlights the financial needs and its sources for an organisation. It inculcates the analytical skills to comprehend business scenarios and develop skills to take necessary and appropriate business decisions keeping business ethics in mind. Furthermore, it emphasises on the skills an individual can develop to become a successful entrepreneur. This syllabus introduces students to fundamental concepts related to classification of business with reference to its management and ownership specifically focusing on entrepreneurship skills. The understanding of this subject enables students to develop management and leadership skills through the implementation of different theories and understanding of the syllabi. This subject assist learners to analyse different impacts it can have on society and vice versa. This requires exploration of various areas such as factors of production, channels of distribution, marketing, accounting, finance, and management. This enables students to pursue business idea and develop the concept and comprehensive views on business and its allied activities. In recent times, the subject has gained significant importance in academia as students of business studies are needed in almost all areas of business and corporate world and can be employed in almost all sort of commercial organisations from small-scale business to multinational companies. In addition, with a business qualification, the possibility of advancing to senior positions in business organisations. Thus, the syllabus is design to developed business skills in students so they can practically implement the theoretical knowledge of the subject to real life situations. The syllabus also provides a platform to acquire further knowledge in these specific fields i.e., business management, accounting and finance, entrepreneurship, human resource management and economics, etc. Where will it take you? The study of this subject takes one to adopt different careers that includes • Entrepreneur • Teacher educators (commerce subject) • Business Managers • Marketing How to approach the syllabus? The topics and the student learning outcomes (SLOs) guide regarding the details about what has to be achieved. And finally, the exam specification guides regarding what will be expected in the examination.
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB SSC Part I (Grade IX) Topics and Sub-topics Stu 1. Introduction to Business Activity Students should be able 1.1 Human Activity 1.1.1 describe the typ economic and n 1.1.2 describe basic 1.1.3 explain various 1.1.4 describe the co 1.1.5 discuss the con 1.1.6 discuss the effi economic activ 1.1.7 define the term 1.2 Business Activities and Classification of Business with Reference to Activity 1.2.1 define business activities 1.2.2 explain various secondary and 1.2.3 analyse the role activities on an 1.2.4 classify the eco 1.2.5 explain the mer 1.2.6 discuss the foll • municipal • public coo 1 K = Knowledge, U = Understanding, A= Application and other higher-order cognitive
abus 2022 9 Business Studies Syllabus udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level1 K U A to: pes of human activities with reference to non-economic activities; * elements of economics i.e. needs and wants; * s factors of production (FoPs); * oncept of scarcity with reference to FoPs; * ncept of opportunity cost; * icient allocation of resources with reference to vity which leads to specialisation; * ms of profession, occupation and business; * s activity; need; purpose, entrepreneurial * s types of business activities (i.e. primary, tertiary and quaternary) * e of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary n economy; * onomic sectors into public and private sectors; * rits and demerits of public and private sectors; * lowing types of public organisations: l corporation operation; * skills.
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able 1.2.7 discuss the foll • sole propr • partnershi • limited co • other form franchise) 1.2.8 explain the me businesses; 1.2.9 distinguish betw the economy, i 1.2.10 describe the va business: • growth • survival • services to • profit max • market sh 1.2.11 differentiate be (NPO); 1.3 Objectives of Stakeholders and Business 1.3.1 describe stakeh 1.3.2 discuss the obj 1.3.3 explain how th conflict with on
abus 2022 10 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: lowing types of private business organisations: rietor ip ompanies ms (NGO, joint ventures, cooperatives and ); * rits and demerits of different forms of * ween the objectives of the different sectors of .e. public and private; * arious objectives of the different forms of the o the society ximization are; * etween profit and non-profit organisations * holders of a business; * ectives of different stakeholder in businesses; * he objectives of stakeholders would be in ne another (business conflicts); *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able 1.4 Growth of the Business 1.4.1 explain busines business with r resource) and c 1.4.2 explain the rea 1.4.3 discuss the pro 1.4.4 explain in what measured (i.e. n employee and v 1.4.5 explain the met and external); 1.4.6 explain the diff (i.e. vertical, ho 1.4.7 discuss the mer integrations; 1.4.8 explain the pro to overcome it; 1.4.9 discuss the reas • market siz • owner’s o • specialisat • type of ind 1.4.10 discuss reasons
abus 2022 11 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: ss growth and methods to measure the size of a reference to the number of employees (human capital (investment); * sons why businesses seek to grow; * blems connected with the growth of a business; * t other ways can the size of the business be number of employees, value of capital value of output and sales); * thods in which businesses grow (i.e. internal * ferent methods of integration (external growth) orizontal, conglomerate); * rits and demerits of different business * oblems concerning business growth and the ways ; * sons for a business to prefer to be remain small; zes bjectives tion dustry; * s for a business failure. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 2. Business Organisation Students should be able t 2.1 Introduction to Business Organisation 2.1.1 explain the term 2.1.2 explain merits a 2.1.3 explain authori reference to an 2.1.4 define chain of 2.1.5 draw organisati with reference t 2.1.6 elaborate how c the roles, respo organisation; 2.1.7 analyse the imp wide and narrow 2.2 Business Management 2.2.1 explain the term 2.2.2 explain function planning, organ 2.2.3 define the term 2.2.4 explain the mer 2.2.5 elaborate the tr handling differe 2.2.6 define the term 2.2.7 discuss the diff 2.2.8 discuss differen faire and democ 2.2.9 explain the qua 2.2.10 discuss the role 2.2.11 exemplify diffe
abus 2022 12 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: m ‘organisational chart’; * and demerits of organisational chart; * ty, responsibility and levels of hierarchy with organisational chart ; * f command and span of control; * ional chart of various business organisations to the chain of command and span of control; * chain of command and span of control define onsibility and inter-relationship in a business * pacts of short or long chain of commandand w span of control on a business organisation; * m ‘ management’; * ns of management given by Henri Fayol (i.e. nising , controlling and commanding); * m ‘delegation’; * rits of delegation to managers and subordinates; * aits of a good and efficient manager that is ent tasks of managing a business; * m ‘leadership’; * ference between a leader and a manager; * nt styles of leadership i.e. autocratic, laissez cratic: * alities of a good leader; * e of leadership in a business organisation; * erent leadership styles from everyday life; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able 2.3 Business Communication and Business Correspondence 2.3.1 describe the te 2.3.2 describe the fe 2.3.3 explain interna with reference 2.3.4 explain the im communicatio 2.3.5 explain the co communicatio verbal, written 2.3.6 elaborate the c appropriate co 2.3.7 explain the co 2.3.8 suggest how to 2.3.9 draft a busines • business • business 2.3.10 draft a busine • business • business
abus 2022 13 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: erm ‘business communication’; * eatures of effective communication; * al communication and external communication e to a business organisation; * mpact of one way communication and two way on in a business environment; * ommunication methods and modes in a business on, which are both formal and informal (i.e. n and visual); * considerations a communicator must consider for ommunication; * mmunication barriers; * o overcome the communication barriers; * ss e-mail for the following: promotion and market enquiry product and business; * ess letter for the following: promotion and market enquiry product and business. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 3. Production Students should be able t 3.1 Production Stocks and Production Techniques 3.1.1 define the term 3.1.2 differentiate be 3.1.3 calculate the pr 3.1.4 explain ways to 3.1.5 explain the con reorder level ); 3.1.6 explain the reas business; 3.1.7 elaborate graph 3.1.8 describe the con and cell produc 3.1.9 discuss the mer 3.2 Production Methods 3.2.1 explain the met 3.2.2 discuss the mer given in SLO 3 3.2.3 explain the fact method for pro 3.2.4 explain the imp 3.2.5 discuss the mer production.
abus 2022 14 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: ms ‘product’, ‘production’ and ‘productivity’; * etween production and productivity; * roductivity of a business; * o improve productivity; * ncept of stock and its terms (i.e. lead time and * son for efficient management of the stock for a * hically how businesses maintain efficient stock; * ncepts of lean production, kaizen, just in time ction; * rits and demerits of each production technique; * thods of production (i.e. job, batch and flow ); * rits and demerits of each production method 3.2.1; * tors that matter in decision making for opting a duction; * pact of technological change on production; * rits and demerits of technological change on *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 4. Accounting and Finance Students Should be abl 4.1 Business Finance 4.1.1 define finance; 4.1.2 discuss the reas 4.1.3 explain the diff external, short t 4.1.4 exemplify vario forms of busine 4.1.5 analyse which k forms of the bu company and n 4.1.6 explain the fact of a business; 4.2 Business Accounting 4.2.1 define the term 4.2.2 describe variou classifying, sum 4.2.3 explain the imp stakeholders of • business o • manageme • creditors • employees • investors • governmen • consumers 4.2.4 define the follo expenses, reven
abus 2022 15 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: * sons for the need of finance by a business; * ferent types of sources of finance (i.e. internal, term and long term finance); * ous source of finance with reference to different esses; * kind of financing is most suitable for different usinesses (i.e. sole proprietor, partnership, non-profit organisation; * tors that affect the selection of mode of finance * m ‘accounting’; * us functions of accounting (i.e. recording , mmarising and interpreting); * portance of financial information to the f a business: owners ent s nt s; * owing heads of accounts (i.e. assets, liabilities, nues and capital); *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students Should be abl 4.2.5 explain the diff and non-curren 4.2.6 explain the acc form; 4.2.7 apply the accou 4.2.8 define capital e 4.2.9 differentiate be expenditures; 4.2.10 calculate the to on any asset; 4.3 Financial Statement 4.3.1 explain the mea 4.3.2 explain income components (i.e expenses and n 4.3.3 prepare an inco data from a tria 4.3.4 explain the imp 4.3.5 explain stateme key component term liabilities, 4.3.6 explain the con 4.3.7 discuss the imp 4.3.8 suggest ways th be improved; 4.3.9 calculate the am
abus 2022 16 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: ferent types of assets and liabilities (i.e. current nt); * ounting equation in its standard and extended * unting equation in different business scenarios; * expenditure and revenue expenditure; * etween capital expenditure and revenue * otal amount of capital and revenue expenditure * aning of ‘financial statement’; * e statement (profit and loss account) and its key e. net sales, cost of sales, gross profit, operating net profit); * ome statement by using simple extraction of al balance without adjustments; * portance of profit for a business organisation; * ent of financial position (balance sheet) and its ts (i.e. non-current asset, current assets, long , current liabilities and owner’s equity); * ncept of working capital; * portance of working capital for a business; * hrough which working capital of a business can * mount of working capital of a business; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students Should be abl 4.3.10 prepare stateme statement by us without adjustm 4.3.11 explain accoun • cost conce • going conc • accrual co • money me • business e
abus 2022 17 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: ent of financial position (balance sheet) sing simple extraction of data from trial balance ments; * nting concept and principles: ept cern oncept (matching principles) easurement entity concept. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 5. Marketing Students should be able t 5.1 Meaning and Scope of Marketing 5.1.1 define the term 5.1.2 explain differen • mass mark • niche mark 5.1.3 explain the foll • resource m • industrial • intermedia • consumer 5.1.4 discuss the imp business; 5.1.5 discuss the mer 5.1.6 explain the role 5.1.7 demonstrate an such as: • expansion • product ex • customer s • increasing 5.1.8 demonstrate an marketing nam • production • sales appro • marketing
abus 2022 18 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: ms ‘market’ and ‘marketing’; * nt types of markets such as kets kets; * lowing types of market segmentation i.e. markets markets ate markets markets; * pact of the various changes in market on a * rits of market segmentation; * e of marketing; * n understanding of various marketing objectives n of market xpansion satisfaction g market share; * n understanding of the various approaches to mely: n approach oach g approach; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able t 5.2 The Marketing Mix a. Product 5.2.1 explain market 5.2.2 define the term 5.2.3 explain the pro 5.2.4 explain the vari 5.2.5 discuss the role 5.2.6 describe the rol of a product; 5.2.7 define the term 5.2.8 discuss the role b. Price 5.2.9 explain differen • cost-plus p • penetration • skimming • competitiv • promotion • psycholog • dynamic/ p c. Place 5.2.10 define the term 5.2.11 explain the role 5.2.12 define channels 5.2.13 explain differen indirect); 5.2.14 discuss the adv channels of dis 5.2.15 describe the dif departmental st discount stores
abus 2022 19 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: ing mix (the 4P’s of marketing); * m ‘product’; * cess of product development; * ious stages of the product life cycle; * e of product type in the marketing mix * le of branding and packaging on the marketing * m ‘price’; * e of pricing type in the marketing mix; * nt pricing strategies: price n price price ve price nal price gical price price discrimination; * m price with reference to marketing mix; * e of place in a marketing mix; * s of distribution; * nt channels of distribution (i.e. direct and * vantages and disadvantages of the different tribution; * fferent methods of distribution (i.e. tores, superstores, chain stores, super markets, and direct sales); *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able t 5.2.16 explain differen • roadways • railways • inland wat • seaways (s • airways (a • pipelines 5.2.17 explain the sign distribution of d. Promotion 5.2.18 define the term 5.2.19 explain the role 5.2.20 explain the aim 5.2.21 explain the role through adverti 5.2.22 explain that var of promotion; 5.2.23 explain the imp 5.2.24 develop a mark
abus 2022 20 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: nt modes or means of transporting goods: (road haulage) terways (canals and rivers) sea freight) air-freight) * nificance of the mode of transportation in the goods; * m ‘promotion’; * e of promotion in a marketing mix; * ms of promotion; * e of different means of promotion of a product ising media (print media and electronic media). * rious factors that affect the selection of the type * pact of technology on marketing mix; * keting mix for an imaginary product. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Part II (Grade X) Topics and Sub-topics Stu 6. Business Organisation Students should be able 6.1 Human Resource Management 6.1.1 describe the te 6.1.2 describe the m a business; 6.1.3 elaborate the p 6.1.4 differentiate be 6.1.5 differentiate be reference to th 6.1.6 describe the sig 6.1.7 explain differe resource provi 6.1.8 explain the me employee; 6.1.9 describe the te 6.1.10 explain the con downsizing: 6.1.11 describe the te 6.1.12 explain the fea during employ contracts, unfa criteria; 6.1.13 explain the term 6.1.14 explain the term 6.1.15 describe confli 6.1.16 explain possib 6.1.17 discuss the rol in resolving co 6.1.18 analyse how in social security
abus 2022 21 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: rm ‘human resource management’; * major functions of human resource department of * process of recruitment in a business; * etween job description and job specification; * etween part-time and full time employment with heir contracts and job nature; * gnificance of training for employment; * ent trainings (training programs offers), a human des to its employee; * erits and demerits of training to a manger and an * rm ‘work force planning’; * ncept of downsizing and reasons to opt for * rms ‘dismissal’ and ‘redundancy’; * atures related to worker protection or legal rights yment, i.e. health and safety, employment air dismissal, discrimination and minimum wage * m ‘industrial action’ and its methods; * m ‘trade union’ and its features; * ict between employees; * le impacts of conflicts between employees; * e of negotiation and collective bargaining agents onflict; * ndustrial action and trade union impacts the of an employee; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students should be able 6.2 Entrepreneurship 6.2.1 define the term 6.2.2 explain the evo 6.2.3 differentiate be entrepreneursh 6.2.4 explain the dif 6.2.5 discuss the var • risk bearin • innovatio • dynamic a • potential • Forecastin 6.2.6 explain the pro 6.3 Motivation 6.3.1 explain the term 6.3.2 explain the the 6.3.3 analyse the im problems; 6.3.4 explain the the 6.3.5 analyse the im problems; 6.3.6 explain the the 6.3.7 analyse the im problems; 6.3.8 explain the me i.e. financial an 6.3.9 explain the dif i.e. job rotation empowerment 6.3.10 explain the term
abus 2022 22 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: ms ‘entrepreneur’ and ‘entrepreneurship’; * olution of entrepreneurship ; * etween the following entrepreneur, hip and enterprise; * fferent types of entrepreneurship. * rious characteristics of an entrepreneurship, i.e. ng n and creativity and economic activity of making profit ng of market trends and future possibilities; * ocess of entrepreneurship; * m ‘ motivation’; * eory of motivation by Abaraham Maslow; * mpact of implementation of the theory and its * eory of motivation by Frederick Winslow Taylor; * mpact of implementation of the theory and its * eory of motivation by Frederick Herzberg; * mpact of an implementation of the theory and its * ethods of motivation for workers or employees, nd non-financial rewards; * fferent method of motivation through job design n, job enrichment, job enlargement and job ; * m ‘workmen compensation’. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 7. Production Students should be able 7.1 Cost, Scale of Production and Brake even Anlaysis 7.1.1 describe the ter 7.1.2 explain the foll variable cost, f cost; 7.1.3 compute the di business; 7.1.4 explain the eco 7.1.5 explain the con revenues); 7.1.6 draw the break 7.2 Achieving Quality Production 7.2.1 describe the co businesses; 7.2.2 discuss the mer production in th 7.2.3 describe the co 7.2.4 discuss the adv 7.2.5 discuss the ben 7.2.6 define the term 7.2.7 describe the ob • competitiv • collaborat • optimize l • quality im • long term profitabili
abus 2022 23 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A to: rm ‘cost’; * lowing costs, i.e. direct and indirect cost, fixed cost, average cost, marginal cost and total * fferent components of cost from different * onomies of scale and diseconomies of scale; * ncept ‘break-even’ (comparing cost with * k-even graph for a business; * oncept ‘quality’ and ‘quality control’ in * rit and demerits of maintain quality in he business; * oncept of total quality management (TQM); * vantages and drawbacks of TQM; * nefits of quality assurance to a consumer; * m ‘supply chain management’; * bjectives of supply chain management that are: ve advantage tive efficiency logistics mprovement stability with reference to productivity and ity; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students Should be abl 7.3 Location Decision 7.3.1 describe the fac business: • production • market • raw mater • external ec • availability • governmen • power and • climate; 7.3.2 describe the fac business: • customers • personal p • availability • climate • near to oth • rent and ta 7.3.3 describe the fac business: • shoppers • nearby sho • customers • availability • rent/ taxes • access for • security • legislation
abus 2022 24 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: ctors affecting the location of a manufacturing n methods and location decision ial / components conomies of scale y of labour nt influence d water supply * ctors affecting the location of a service sector preference of the owners y of labour her business axes; * ctors affecting the location of a retailing ops facilitation (parking/ loading) y of suitable vacant premises s delivery vehicle n; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu Students Should be abl 7.3.4 describe the fac • new marke • cheaper (n • difficulties • rent and ta • availability • trade and t • security; 7.3.5 describe the rol
abus 2022 25 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: ctors of locating MNCs different countries: et overseas new sources of material) s with the labour force and wage costs ax considerations y of government grants and other incentives tariff barriers * le legal controls on location decision. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics Stu 8. Accounting and Finance Students Should be ab 8.1 Cash Flow Planning 8.1.1 describe the im business; 8.1.2 describe the fo • cash flow • cash inflo • cash outfl 8.1.3 explain the term 8.1.4 differentiate be 8.1.5 define the term 8.1.6 discuss the imp of business; 8.1.7 explain various 8.1.8 prepare cash fl organisation; 8.1.9 suggest ways t minimised; 8.2 Analysis of Financial Statements 8.2.1 describe the m ratios); 8.2.2 explain the foll profitability rat 8.2.3 discuss the imp stakeholders of 8.2.4 calculate differ net profit marg ratio, debt to eq asset ratio; 8.2.5 compare the pe of accounting r
abus 2022 26 udent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: mportance of cash as an important asset for a * ollowing terms: w ows lows; * m ‘cash flow cycle’; * etween cash flow and profit; * m ‘cash flow forecast’; * portance of cash flow forecast in different stages * s components of cash flow forecast; * low forecast for a period of business * through which cash flow problems can be * eaning of analysis of accounts (i.e. accounting * lowing types of accounting ratios, i.e. tio, liquidity ratio and solvency ratio; * portance of accounting ratios for different f the business; * rent accounting rations (i.e. gross profit margin, gin, return on investment, current ratio, quick quity ratio, return on investment and debt to * erformance of different businesses on the basis ratios. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics St 9. Market Research and Strategy Students should be abl 9.1 Marketing Plan 9.1.1 describe SWO threats) analy 9.1.2 discuss the im opportunities 9.1.3 define the ter 9.1.4 demonstrate a marketing pla 9.1.5 illustrate the p diagrammatic 9.2 Marketing Research 9.2.1 define the ter 9.2.2 discuss the ne 9.2.3 explain the va qualitative in 9.2.4 discuss the ty secondary res 9.2.5 explain the pr 9.2.6 illustrate an u research meth 9.2.7 discuss the ad types of prim • question • interview • focus gr • observat
abus 2022 27 tudent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A le to: OT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and ysis; * mportance of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, and threats) analysis; * rm ‘marketing plan’; * an understanding of the various elements of a an; * process of developing a marketing plan cally; * rm ‘market research’; * eed for conducting market research; * arious types of research information such as: formation and quantitative information; * ypes of research (i.e. primary research and search); * rocess of primary research; * understanding of the various types of primary hods; * dvantages and disadvantages of the different mary research method such as: nnaires ws oup tion; *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics St Students should be able 9.2.8 demonstrate a method: • internal s • external 9.2.9 discuss the ele information; 9.2.10 prepare sampl 9.2.11 explain how t 9.2.12 explain the wa 9.3 Marketing Strategy 9.3.1 recall 4 P’s of 9.3.2 describe the te 9.3.3 discuss how m consumers an 9.3.4 recommend a the basis of va 2 CA = Classroom Activity, not to be assessed under examination conditions
abus 2022 28 tudent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A e to: an understanding of the secondary research sources of information sources of information; * ements that determine the accuracy of research * le questionnaires; * to carry out questionnaire based interviews; * ays to present various research data; * f marketing mix; CA2 erm ‘marketing strategy’; * marketing strategy effects the decision of nd business; * marketing strategy for an imaginary product on arious situations. *
Aga Khan University Examination Board Business Studies SSC Sylla Topics and Sub-topics St 10. Factors Affecting Business Students should be able 10.1 Organisational Change and its Management 10.1.1 define the term 10.1.2 define the term 10.1.3 describe the v (i.e. internal a 10.1.4 explain the pr refreeze); 10.1.5 discuss the ro research); 10.1.6 explain the va 10.1.7 discuss variou change and re 10.2 Government Economic Objectives and Policies 10.2.1 explain the go 10.2.2 explain the ph 10.2.3 explain the co components; 10.2.4 explain how a 10.2.5 elaborate the m 10.2.6 describe the te 10.2.7 explain the im inflation rate, organisation;
abus 2022 29 tudent Learning Outcomes Cognitive Level K U A e to: m ‘organisational change’; * ms ‘planned’ and ‘unplanned’ change; * various factors that lead to organisational change and external); * rocess of change (i.e. unfreeze, change and * les of a change agent (consulting, training and * arious reasons of resistance to change; * us steps taken by an organisation to manage esistance; * overnment economic objectives; * hases of a business cycle; * oncept of balance of payment and its * a government achieves its economic objectives; * major sectors of government spending; * erms ‘monetary’ and ‘fiscal policy’; * mpact of government economic policies, i.e. tariff rate and exchange rate on business *