Form 4 MRSM KUALA KLAWANG Ts. Syahrul Affendi Bin Abdul Rahman 1
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At the end of this class, students can explain • The Role of Data • Data and Information • Data Management o Manual Processing System oFile System oDatabase system • Data Integrity, Consistency & Redundancy 3
DATABASE • Computer-based information system collection point • Used to facilitate data & information to be stored, accessed and updated 4
DATA AND INFORMATION • Making decisions • Data is meaningless if it is not analyzed into information 5
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 6
DIFFERENCE EXAMPLES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 7
DATA MANAGEMENT • Manual Processing System • File System • Database System MANUAL PROCESSING SYSTEM FILE SYSTEM DATABASE SYSTEM Dara Management Evolution 8
IMPORTANCE OF DATA MANAGMENT 9
MANUAL PROCESSING 10
FILE SYSTEM 11
DATABASE SYSTEM 12
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE AND FILE SYSTEM 13
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE AND FILE SYSTEM 14
DATA INTEGRITY, CONSISTENCY & REDUNDANCY • Data Integrity is the assurance that digital information is uncorrupted and can only be accessed or modified by those authorized to do so. • Data Consistency means data remains unchanged regardless of how, or how often, it's accessed and no matter how long it's stored. For example, data accessed a year from now will be the same data that's generated or accessed today. • Data Redundancy occurs when the same piece of data is stored in two or more separate places and is a common occurrence in many businesses. 15
DATA INTERGRITY 16
DATA CONSISTENCY 17
DATA REDUNDANCY 18
INTRO TO DATABASE QUIZ 19 https://bit.ly/3UE3460
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END OF CHAPTER 25
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At the end of this class, students can explain • Database Models oHierarchy oNetwork oRelational o Object-Oriented 27
DATABASE MODELS Hierarchy Network Relational Object - Oriented Database Models 28
Hierarchical Model • Used since 1950 by International Business Machine (IBM) • Data is organized in a tree structure • Suitable for parent and child relationships • Support the relationship of one parent to many children (One to Many relationship) • Does not support the relationship of many parents to many children (Many to Many relationship). 29
MIND TEST: • Which one of the following entities is the parent, or child or parent/child? 30
Network Model • Consists of several record types linked by pointers • This model overcomes the indeterminacy of hierarchical models in Many to Many Relationship situations 31
Relational Model • Often used because it is easy to build & use in the real world • Data is organized in rows and columns • The advantage of the in model is that the data structure does not need to be specified in advance 32
Object Oriented Model • New methods in data modeling • Definition of object (entity) can be reused (reusable) • Stores definitions of objects and relationships • This model has 3 main concepts namely • Class (class) – object/entity • Attributes (attributes) - properties of objects • Method - the behavior/operation that the object can perform (also known as a procedure or function) 33
MIND TEST: • List three objects that are suitable for a database system in a library • What are the three properties that are appropriate for a book object other than the name of the book? • What are the operations that can be performed by the librarian object XXXXXXXXXX ----------------------------- Staff Name Staff No Department Position grade ----------------------------- OpenSystem() ConfirmBookLoan() ConfirmBookReturn() CloseSystem() BOOK ----------------- Book Name XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX ------------------ Dipinjam() Dipulangkan() Dilupus() SXXXXXX -------------------- Student name College No Class Form -------------------- BorrowBook() ReturnBook() 34
MIND TEST: • IDENTIFY WHAT DATABASE MODELSARE SHOWN? 35
MIND TEST: • IDENTIFY WHAT DATABASE MODELSARE SHOWN? 36
MIND TEST: • IDENTIFY WHAT DATABASE MODELSARE SHOWN? 37
MIND TEST: • IDENTIFY WHAT DATABASE MODELSARE SHOWN? 38
DATABASE MODELS QUIZ 39 https://bit.ly/3GCOSnI
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END OF CHAPTER 43
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At the end of this class, students can explain • Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and its components • ERD using correct notations • System requirement specifications and translate it into ERD 45
Entity Relationships Diagram A step-by-step 46 https://youtu.be/_iVp0n8ALRA
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) • a visual representation of different entities within a system and how they relate to each other. • For example, the elements writer, novel, and a consumer may be described using ER diagrams the following way: 47
ERD Examples 48
Entity • An entity can be a person, place, event, or object that is relevant to a given system. • For example, a school system may include students, teachers, major courses, subjects, fees, and other items. • Entities are represented in ER diagrams by a rectangle and named using singular nouns. 49
Attribute • An attribute is a property, trait, or characteristic of an entity, relationship, or another attribute. For example, the attribute Inventory Item Name is an attribute of the entity Inventory Item. 50