COMPUTER AIDED ELECTRICAL DRAWING: STEP BY STEP A Guide for Beginner

COMPUTER AIDED ELECTRICAL
DRAWING :
STEP BY STEP

A Guide for Beginner

Noraihan Ishak
Fasihah Arshad

1

A GUIDE FOR
BEGINNER

Computer Aided Electrical Drawing :

step by step

Noraihan Ishak
Fasihah Arshad

2

Copyright © 2021
www.polimas.com

Polimas
Bandar Darulaman
06000 Jitra
Kedah.

e ISBN 978-967-0830-86-5

Noraihan binti Ishak
Fasihah binti Arshad

All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other
electronic or mechanical methods,
without the prior written permission of
the publisher, except in the case of
brief quotations embodied in critical
reviews and certain other
noncommercial uses permitted by
copyright law.

[email protected]
[email protected]

3

PREFACE

The book is produced in order to provide basic knowledge of
the usage on AutoCAD software focusing on the application
of the software to produce drawings of graphics,
electrical/electronic symbols along with circuit schematics
and electrical wiring diagram specifically for polytechnic
students.
This book focuses on guiding readers to understand step by
step of the software. Through the chapters, reader are
provided with examples of drawing in order to have better
grasp of the command used in the software. Also at the end
of each chapter, Questions and Summaries are provided to
further enhance the understanding of the chapter.

4

TABLE OF
CONTENT

Chapter 1 : Concept of Computer Aided
Drawing

PAGE 07

Chapter 2 : AutoCAD Package

PAGE 15

Chapter 3 : AutoCAD commands and data
input techniques

PAGE 30

5

Introduction to Computer
Aided Drawing

Concept of Computer
Aided Desi`gn (CAD)

In this chapter you will learn:
Define Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Identify computer system and computer hardware minimum
requirements for CAD
CAD general and specific packages
CAD drawing to manual / conventional drawing
Applications and the advantages of CAD
Design hierarchy methodologies in electronics CAD.

7

Definition of Computer
Aided Design (CAD)

CAD is an acronym for Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided
Drafting.

CAD allows you to accomplish design and drafting activities using a
computer.

Can use CAD to draw a building plan, circuit diagram, chart, 3D

object and more (e.g technical drawings, automobile drawings,

aerospace drawings, and assembly drawings)

8

Minimum Requirements
for CAD

Processor Operating System

Basic: 2.5–2.9 GHz processor 64-bit Microsoft® Windows®
Recommended: 3+ GHz processor 8.1 and Windows 10.

Multiple processors: Supported Display Card
by the application
Basic: 1 GB GPU with 29 GB/s
Disc Space Bandwidth and DirectX 11
compliant
7.0 GB Recommended: 4 GB GPU with
106 GB/s Bandwidth and
Display Resolution DirectX 11 compliant.

Conventional Displays: Memory
1920 x 1080 with True Color
Basic: 8 GB
High Resolution & 4K Displays: Recommended: 16 GB
Resolutions up to 3840 x 2160
.NET Framework
supported on Windows 10
64-bit systems .NET Framework version 4.8
or later
(with capable display card)

9

List CAD General and Specific
Packages

Computer-aided design (CAD) software is used in many industries to produce
drawings physical objects (2D/3D technical drawings. The products in the General-
Purpose category include CAD programs that offer a wide range of tools and
functionality to their users.

Each CAD package has an advantage to make drawing easier.

01 AutoCAD

02 Onshape

03 SketchUp

04 Fusion360

05 AutoCAD LT

06 Inventor
10

Identify between CAD Drawing
to Manual / Conventional
Drawing

Increase productivity, Improvement of
efficiency and output/ product
accuracy quality

Uniformity of Reduction in
reproductions storage
space

Shorter time taken 11
in creating,
checking
and editing

Applications and the advantages
of CAD

Although there are many methods used to design and draft
activities, cad offers the following advantages over other methods
in many cases:

Improving productivity, Faster editing,
capability and accuracy. reviewing and
designing.

Improving quality of Save storage for
end product. drawing.

12

Design Hierarchy Methodologies
in Electronics CAD

Project Identification

A project or circuit to be designed is identified.

Design/Redesign Project

The project/circuit is designed based on theory

Simulation

The project designed is simulated using software
package to produce results/outputs of the project
operation. Failure to achieve results to satisfaction
will cause the project to be redesigned and
re-simulated

Testing

Project that yields satisfactory
simulation results will be
constructed in the laboratory to see
whether the project actually works
as in simulation.

PCB Design Layout

The printed project/circuit board
layout is designed and produced.

Prototype

An actual working model of the
project is constructed.

13

EXERCISE

1. Define Computer Aided Design
2. Identify three (3) advantages of AutoCAD over

conventional technical drawing
3. Identify the advantages of CAD

14

Understand AutoCAD
package

15

AutoCAD Package

`

In this chapter you will learn:
Features and capabilities of AutoCAD package
Execute AutoCAD using program icon CAD general and specific
packages
Show main menu functions
Show how to display toolbars needed for drawing
how to save finished drawing and how to exit AutoCAD

16

Features and capabilities of
AutoCAD package

Main features of Autodesk AutoCAD are:

3D Modeling and Visualization 2 Command Line

3 Ribbon Tabs and Panels 4 Tool Palettes

5 DWG and Image References

6 2D Drafting, Drawing and

Annotation

7 AutoCAD Mobile App

8 Smart Dimensioning

9 Layouts 11 Parametric Constraints

10 Text Settings

17

AutoCAD Using Program Icon

After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the
program.

1 Click Start. Browse through the program list to find AutoCAD.

Figure 1: AutoCAD from program list

18

AutoCAD Using Program Icon

After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the
program.

2 Type AutoCAD on the search bar and select AutoCAD from the

program list.

Figure 2: AutoCAD from search bar

19

AutoCAD Using Program Icon

After installing AutoCAD, there are several ways to launch the
program.

3 Find AutoCAD icon on your Desktop.

Figure 3: AutoCAD icon

20

AutoCAD Using Program Icon

Invoking either of the launching methods will lead to the Figure 4.

Figure 4: AUTODESK AutoCAD 2021

21

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

A display that contains several option for user to get started will
appear as in Figure 5. User can get started by clicking Start Drawing option
or Open existing files. The AutoCAD 2021 also have tabs which are Learn
and Create. Learn tab is a platform that offer tutorials and exercises on how
to use this software and explaining the distinct of it new features.

Figure 5: AUTODESK AutoCAD 2021

22

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Figure 6 shows drawing area in AutoCAD where user can create and
modify objects. The drawing area can be divided into:

23

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Application Quick Access
Menu toolbar

Viewport Drawing Area Ribbon
Control
View
Cube

UCS Command

icon Window Status Bar

Figure 6: Workspace area AutoCAD 2021

24

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Creating New File
To create new file, user can follow either of these steps:
Menu Bar

On the upper left corner, clicked the AutoCAD symbol, select
New and new windows Select Template will appear. User can choose
their appropriate template.

A new workspace called Drawing 1 will be created. The
workspace’s name can be changed later.

Figure 7: Selecting template using Menu Bar

25

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Creating New File
To create new file, user can follow either of these steps:
Quick Access toolbar

On the upper left corner, besides the AutoCAD symbol, Clicked
icon and windows Choose Template appear.

Figure 7: Selecting template using Menu Bar
Figure 8: Selecting template using Quick Access toolbar

26

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Save File
To save file, user can clicked on Menu Bar and select either to Save or
Save as.

Figure 9: Save file

27

AutoCAD Main Menu Functions

Save File
Then user choose the appropriate format such as .dwg for drawing or
.dwt for template

Figure 10: Choose format to save file

28

EXERCISE

1. Explain how to execute AutoCAD using program icon.
2. Explain how to save finished drawing and how to exit

AutoCAD
3. Identify parts in workspace area as shown in figure below.

a. ____________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________

29

AutoCAD Command
and Data Input Techniques

30

Method Commands Entered

31

1. Select the AutoCAD 2021 option on the Program menu or
2. Select the AutoCAD 2021 icon on the Desktop.
3. Click Start Drawing to start a new drawing.

32

Application Quick Access
Menu Toolbar

Drawing File
Tabs

User Coordinates Command
System Line

33

SETUP DRAWING UNITS

Every object in AutoCAD is measured in
units.

Determine the system of units within before
creating the first Geometric entities.

Figure 11: Setting up drawing units

34

DrawDraiwningg LLimiimts its

Is area in which you are allowed to draw.
To prevent drawing object outside the grid limits

How To

Type Limits at the command line and press ENTER.
Press ENTER to accept the lower limit as 0,0
Type 210,297 (A4 size) and press ENTER key

Paper Size

A4 = 210 x 297 @ 297 x 210
A3 = 297 x 420 @ 420 x 297
A2 = 420 x 594 @ 594 x 420
A1 = 594 x 841 @ 841 x 594
A0 = 841 x 1189 @ 1189 x 841

35

Mvsetup

Step Step

Command : (type mvsetup)
Enable paper size ? [No/Yes] : type N
Enter units type : type M
Enter the scale factor : type 1
Enter the paper width : 210
Enter the paper height : 297

36

Techniques of data input

a Random point technique

b Absolute coordinate technique

c Relative coordinate technique

d Polar coordinate technique

a
Random point technique
❑ use the cursor to select on the screen.

b Absolute coordinate technique.
❑ Type X and Y coordinates to locate
the point on the current coordinate
system relative to the origin.
❑ Format : X,Y

Tips : 37
Off dynamic input and type the coordinate X,Y

Techniques of data input

c
Relative coordinate technique
❑ Type X and Y coordinates relative to the last
point entered.
❑ Specify a distance from last coordinates
entered.
❑ Format : @X (distance),Y (distance)

Notes:
• @ - refer from the last point entered
• distance +ve if direction to → and  from last coordinate
• distance –ve if direction to  and  from last coordinate

start point should in absolute coordinate

38

Techniques of data input

d

Polar coordinate technique
❑ Type a distance and angle relative to the
last point entered.
❑ Format : @distance<angle

Note :
• @ → refer from the last point entered
• start point should in absolute coordinate
• distance >> +ve only
• Angle >> +ve or –ve

39

1.4 Apply the data input
techniques

40

EXAMPLE 1

Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw
using absolute coordinate.

0,50 50,50

0,0 50,0

Figure 12: An example of square construction
using Absolute Coordinate

Solution:
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,50
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,50
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 0,0

41

EXERCISE 1

Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using
absolute coordinate.

Figure 13: An exercise of shape construction
using Absolute Coordinate

42

EXAMPLE 2

Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw
using Relative coordinate.

Figure 14: An example of square construction
using Relative Coordinate

Solution:
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @60,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,60
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-60

43

EXERCISE 2

Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using
Relative coordinate. Starting point at 50,50.

Figure 15: An exercise of shape construction
using Relative Coordinate

44

EXAMPLE 3

Construct the square based on Figure x below. Draw
using polar coordinate.

Figure x: An example of square construction
using Polar Coordinate

Solution:
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @60<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @60<270

45

EXERCISE 3

Construct the shape based on Figure x below. Draw using
Polar coordinate. Starting point at 10,20.

Figure 16: An exercise of shape construction
using Relative Coordinate

46

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References

1. https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learn-
explore/caas/sfdcarticles/sfdcarticles/System-requirements-
for-AutoCAD-2021-including-Specialized-Toolsets.html

2. https://www.g2.com/categories/general-purpose-cad

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