Nota Pengenalan kepada Arduino

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Contents

Pre-amble Exposure

01

02 Applied

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What is an Arduino ?



Microcontroller
Microprocessor













Microcontroller or Microprocessor

What is the difference

A Microprocessor is an IC which has only the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) inside them.

They only have processing powers.
Don’t have ROM, RAM and other peripheral on the

chip.
A system designer has to add them externally to

make them functional.

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Microcontroller or Microprocessor

What is the difference

A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured
on a single chip.

It is a device that includes microprocessor, memory
and input/output devices on a single chip.

designed to perform specific tasks

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Microcontroller vs Microprocessor

One Chips

Microcontroller Many Different Chips

CPU Timer/Counter Timer/Counter Clock USART

Memory Memory Memory I/O Interface
I/O Interface USART
Timer/Counter Other Peripheral

Other Peripherals

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Microcontroller vs Microprocessor

One Chips Microprocessor
Microcontroller CPU

CPU

Memory

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Microcontroller vs Microprocessor

Parameters Microcontroller Microprocessor
cost Cheap Expensive
Speed Slow (In MHz range) Fast (InGHz Range)
Purpose Special General
Dependency Single Chip has almost all Need extra components to
component be able to interact

Resources Limited Unlimited

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Meet Arduino Uno

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Getting Started

• Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage

1. Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE)
(not needed in lab)

2. Connect the board to your computer via the USB
cable

3. If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)
4. Launch the Arduino IDE
5. Select your board
6. Select your serial port
7. Open the blink example
8. Upload the program

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https://www.arduino.cc/

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Arduino Kick Start Click software and
select window
installer

Window installer

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Arduino IDE

See: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Environment for more information

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Functions in IDE [email protected]

Basic functions of IDE

 Void setup ()
 Void loop ()

Sub functions

 Digital write ()
 Analog write ()
 Delay ()

Special functions

 Interrupt functions
 Serial output functions

Customised Libraries and their functions.

Eg: #include <LED.h> #include <serial.h>

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Select Serial Port and Board

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Digital Input / Digital output
(PWM on pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)

USB Arduino
connection Uno

7-12 volt Revision
input power 3

(9v is Power Analog input /
common) pins Digital input or

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Different Varieties of Arduino

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Input/Output

Output

Input

Arduino IKmickaSgtaertfrom Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC [email protected]

Digital Input/Output 1
0
• Digital IO is binary
valued—it’s either on [email protected]
or off, 1 or 0

• Internally, all
microprocessors are
digital, why?

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Digital Input

NO terminal

Push button momentary/suis tekan tutup Limit swicth/suis limit

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Push button momentary/suis tekan buka

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AC Digital Input

DC

NO terminal Motion sensor/ penderia pergerakan

Rain sensor/Penderia air

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Arduino Analog Input

Image credit: Tod Kurt

 Resolution: the number of different voltage levels (i.e., states) used to
discretize an input signal

 Resolution values range from 256 states (8 bits) to 4,294,967,296 states
(32 bits)

 The Arduino uses 1024 states (10 bits)
 Smallest measurable voltage change is 5V/1024 or 4.8 mV
 Maximum sample rate is 10,000 times a second

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Analog Input

Distance sensor/ penderia jarak

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Analog Input

Temparature sensor/ penderia suhu

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Analog or Digital Input

Soil sensor

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Process

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Output

Light Emitting Diode (LED)/ Diod pemancar cahaya

Buzzer/ Pembaz Relay/ Geganti

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Output

DC Motor/ Motor arus terus

LED Lamp/ Lampu LED [email protected]

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Output

Servo motor

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Analog Output

• Can a digital devise produce analog
output?

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

• Analog output can be simulated using

pulse width modulation (PWM)

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PMW Pins

• Command:
analogWrite(pin,value)

• value is duty cycle:
between 0 (always off)
and 255 (always on)

• Examples:
analogWrite(9, 128)
for a 50% duty cycle

analogWrite(11, 64)

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berklefyor a 25% duty cycle

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Innovations with existing Technologies

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Add-on Shields

Global Positioning SYSTEM (GPS) Shield

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Add-on Shields

Wireless Shield

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