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Published by tangtang.exo55, 2021-09-22 14:31:06

ebook762

ebook762

ACADEMIC

ENGLISH

1

Unit 1: A PERFECT MATCH

cA. READING TEXT

Have you seen the TV show, "The
Bachelor?" Do you have any idea what is this
show all about?

For those who don't know, The Bachelor
provides one man -the eponymous bachelor -a
group of twenty-five to thirty gorgeous women
from whom he must choose a wife -for all intents
and purposes his life partner. Not a girlfriend, a
wife. The goal of the show is to turn the bachelor
into a married man.

The Bachelor is absolutely brilliant...just not at making marriages. According to
Wikipedia, as of March 2015 only five lasting ideal partnerships have come out of the
twenty-nine seasons of The Bachelor and its gender-reverse counterpart, The
Bachelorette, combined. But the show is genius at a particular aspect of relationships:
making people think they're falling in love. How does the show do this? It's easy to chalk
it up to everyone being ridiculously good-looking, plus the impossibly romantic,
expense-free dates. Rappelling down the highest cliff in Bali and then attending a private
concert by the biggest local pop star, anyone? Swimming in a cove of endangered
dolphins and then dining in a thousand-year-old castle? A little adrenaline, a little
romance, and everyone's in love!

- How about you? Are you willing to marry someone that you've just met? Or

- Are you going to wait for someone even though it will take time?

- Do you think there is such thing as perfect match?

Here are some of the famous couples in history that were considered as a perfect match

2

ANTHONY & CLEOPATRA
(41 BCE - 30 BCE)

They are arguably the most famous lovers in history. Marcus
Antonius of Rome stood at the pinnacle of power, fighting
to be the most powerful man in the known world; and
Cleopatra VII Philopator was the queen of one ancient
civilization, Egypt, and heir to the unmatched cultural
achievements of another, Greece. The pair, in fact, did
marry in 36 B.C.E., In 31 B.C.E., while fighting a battle in
Actium, Anthony heard a false news about Cleopatra's
death. Not wanting to live without her, he stabbed himself with
his own sword. When Cleopatra learned about Anthony's death, she let herself be bitten by a
poisonous snake and was later found dead. Their love affair, their war together, their defeat
and, finally, their suicides have been told and retold for centuries.

SHAH JAHAN & MUMTAZ MAHAL
(1607 - 1631)

In 1612, a teenage girl, Arjumand Banu, married
15-year- old Shah Jahan, ruler of the Mughal Empire.
Renamed Mumtaz Mahal, she bore Shah Jahan 14
children and became his favorite wife. After Mumtaz
died in 1629, the grieving emperor resolved to create a
fitting monument. It took 20,000 workers and 1,000
elephants nearly 20 years to complete this
monument-the Taj Mahal. Built of white marble, the Taj sits on a sandstone
platform. A 137-foot high dome tops the mausoleum. The interior is lavishly
decorated in lapis lazuli, turquoise, agate, jasper, and colored marble. The exterior
is paved with semiprecious stones that sparkle in the sun. The surrounding garden
contains four water channels representing the four rivers of Islamic paradise

3

MARIE & PIERRE CURIE
(1894 - 1906)

Because women were not able to attend university in
Poland in the 19th Century, Mary Sklodowska left
Poland to study at a French University in 1891. Now
known by her French name Marie, she worked hard in a
laboratory, catching the attention of Pierre Curie, the
laboratory director, Mary and Pierre got married in
1895. Although they are poor, they were both devoted to
their research and to each other. In 1898, the couple
discovered the elements polonium and radium.

They eventually won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for the discovery of
radioactivity. When Pierre died in 1906, Marie honored his memory by continuing
their work. In 1911, Marie Curie won another Nobel Prize, this time for Chemistry.
She was the first person to win the Nobel prize twice.

DAVID & VICTORIA BECKHAM
(1999)

David and Victoria met in 1997 after the
Spice Girl attended a Manchester United match
at David's request. It was clear for all to see
that they were a great couple from the start,
and the media began referring to them as Posh
and Becks. The wedding ceremony on July 4th
1999 saw them sitting on golden thrones and
set Posh and Becks back an alleged
£500,000. Soon after, they bought the famous Beckingham Palace in
Hertfordshire, worth an estimated £7.5 million. Both have excelled in their
careers. David is one of the most capped England players of all time, having
represented his country 115 times, as well as captaining the nation. Over an
illustrious career, he has played for some of the best football clubs in the
world, including Manchester United, Real Madrid and

4

AC Milan. Victoria on the other hand was in one of the
most successful groups of all time with the Spice Girls,
and in 2011 was named Designer of the Year at the annual British
Fashion Awards. 'I think people saw the real me...,' she told Harper's
Bazaar, 'and the truth is, I would have felt much more comfortable in
my pajamas with the kids and David in a hotel watching it on TV.

B. VOCABULARY -very attractive, beautiful
1. Gorgeous (งดงาม) - an aim or desired result
2. Goal (เป้าหมาย) - so as to cause surprise or disbelief.
3. Ridiculous (ไรส้ าระ) - seriously at risk of extinction
4. Endangered (ใกลส้ ญู พนั ธ)์ -the most successful point
5. Pinnacle (สขิ ร) -not equaled
6. Unmatched (ไมม่ ที เ่ี ปรยี บ) -countries ruled over by a single monarch
7. Empire (อาณาจกั ร) -impressive building housing a tomb or
8. Mausoleum (สุสาน)
-found unexpectedly
group of tombs -well known, respected, and admired for
9. Discover (เปิด)
10. Illustrious (เลอ่ื งลอื )

past achievement

Activity 1: True or False.

1. All the marriages in the Bachelor are all successful.

a. True b. False

2. Cleopatra and Anthony killed each other because the hate each other.

a. True b. False

3. David and Victoria Beckham are celebrities.

a. True b. False

4. Marie Curie won the Nobel Peace Prize, twice.

a. True b. False

5. Mumtaz Mahal is the only wife of Shah Jahan

a. True b. False

5

C.GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is used to talk about finished actions that
happened at a specific time in the past. You state when it happened using
a time adverb.
You form the simple past of a verb by adding ed onto the end of a
regular verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learnt.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

REGULAR VERB
The verbs "lived, started, died" are regular past forms. The rule is the

following.
Verb ed

Examples:

The spelling of the simple past form (-ed forms)
You will learn the spelling of the simple past form (-ed form.) But before

continue the lesson study the following examples and try to see how the verbs
are spelled.

6

The rules of the simple past tense forms:
Here are the rules:
1. Regular verbs ending in a silent e take /-d/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:

close=closed
2. Regular verbs ending in a vowel +y take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:

play=played
3. Regular verbs ending in a consonant + y take /-ied/ in the simple past and past participle
(the 'y' becomes an 'i' followed by ed)
Example:

marry=married
4. All the other regular verbs take /-ed/ in the simple past and past participle:
Example:

visit=visited

Special cases of the ed forms:
Follow these rules when there is a consonant after a vowel (stop, ban, open, offer.)

1. If there is a consonant after a stressed vowel at the end of the word, double the
consonant

stop - stopped
ban banned
swap - swapped
2. If the vowel is not stressed, we do not double it:
open - opened (Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e')
offer-offered ( Here the stress is on 'o', not the 'e')

7

In British English we double the last T' of words like travel,

cancel and level even though the last vowel is not stressed. Here

are some examples: level-levelled
travel – travelled marvel - marvelled
cancel – cancelled

A verb whose conjugation follows a different pattern is called

an irregular verb. There is no rule for these verbs. You should
learn them by heart.

8

Exercise 1: Complete these sentences, Use the verbs below, (regular Verbs)

1. The concert last night __________at 7.30 and _________at 10 o'clock.
2. The accident__________ last Sunday afternoon.
3. Mozart _____________from 1756 to 1791.
4. It was hot in the room, so I___________ the window.
5. William Shakespeare _____________in 1616.
6. You_________ in England last week.
7. My mum ___________Russian at university.
8. I _____________you yesterday, but you weren't at home.
9. Last night, Marga and Alice__________ their holiday.
10. Tom____________ us to his birthday party.
11. The children___________ the books to the classroom.
12. We_________ the exam at half past three.
13. I __________to Jane about films and fashion.

Exercise 2: Put the sentences from the present into the past tense.
1. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. We ___________to the cinema last Sunday,
too.
2. Tom always has a shower in the morning. Tom _________a shower this morning, too.
3. They come to house Friday. Last Friday they______, too.
4. They buy a new car every year. Last year they__________ a new car, too
5. They always get up early. This morning they ________up late.
6. Bill often loses his key. He___________ one last Saturday.
7. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week I ___________two letters.
8. She meets her friends every evening. She________ them yesterday evening, too.
9. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he ________to work by bus.
10. I usually read two newspapers every day. I only _________a newspaper yesterday.

9

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
In English, the past tense ending -ed has three different pronunciations.

* For verbs that end in the sounds p,k,f,s,ch, or sh,
pronounce the ending in /t/ as in worked.

* For verbs that end in vowel sounds or
b.g,v,z,zh,th.j,m,n,ng,l,r pronounce the ending /d/ as in opened.

* For verbs that end in the sounds d or t, pronounce the
ending /id/ as in wanted.

1. They traded something of value that they possessed for something they needed.
2. What if no one wanted or needed it?
3. The first coins were produced in China, and the first paper money appeared in China.
4. Money called digital cash is already being exchanged over the Internet.
E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a couple that you feel is a perfect match.
2. They could include actors, musician, politicians, athletes, and others.
3. Write a short essay about this couple, explaining why they are perfect match.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write
at least 800 words.

10

Unit 2: RAGS TO RICHES

A. READING TEXT

According to Wikipedia, Rags to riches refers to any situation in which a person rises
from poverty to wealth, and in some cases from absolute obscurity to heights of fame,
fortune and celebrity-sometimes instantly.

Most of the rags to riches story are those who became instant millionaire by winning the
lottery, or an heir who received his wealth from the demise of his parents.

However, there are also those, who worked really hard to achieved what they have right
now. They started from nothing and after countless disappointments, heartaches, rejections,
sacrifices and hard work they were able to succeed.

Here are some of the rags to riches stories that we can get inspiration.

AMANCIO ORTEGA
(66,5 billion USD)
Retail Clothing. Spain

Armancio Ortega is the founder and
chairman of a company that owns many stores
including the enormously popular
international clothing store, Zara. He is
Spain's riches man, Ortega is the son of the
railroad worker and a maid, and had no
formal higher education. When Ortega was
13, he worked as a delivery by for a shirt
maker and later became the manager of the
clothing shop. He began making clothing in
his living room and selling it to local stores.
Ortega had an ability to predict what styles
were going to be popular and create these
styles with inexpensive materials. In 1975,
Ortega opened his first Zara store. Zara
gained a reputation for selling designer
fashions at reasonable prices. Today Ortega's
company has more then 4,0000 stores in 71
countries.

11

J.K ROWLING
(1.0 billion USD)
Publishing, United Kingdom

J.K. Rowling is the British author of
the wildly successful Harry Potter
series. Rowling, once a single mother
living on welfare, is now a billionaire
whose books have been translated into
60 languages and have sold over 400
million copies worldwide. The books
also inspired a series of billion-dollar
movies. Her journey from welfare
mom to billionaire author happened in
less than five years.

Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a long train
ride in 1990. She was poor that she used to do her writing on stained napkins
at local cafés while her infant daughter napped. Rowling reflects that that was
the dark period of her life and that she had no idea that there was going to be
a fairy tale resolution.

LI KA SHING
(29.4 billion USD)
Business, Hong Kong

Li was born into an impoverished family in
China in 1928. When he was 15, his father died,
forcing Li to leave high school so that he could
work to support his family. He took a job in a
plastic company, where he would work 16 hours a
day. At this company, li used to assemble plastic
flowers. By 1950, Li had started his own plastics
manufacturing company. His company prospered
which led to Li to expand his business into many
different fields.

However, his successes are not all monetary. Li Ka
- Shing has a reputation for being honest and generous. In fact, he is one of Asia's
most prominent philanthropists, and has announced plans to donate one-third of
his wealth to charity.

12

OPRAH WINFREY
(2.6 billion USD)
Entertainment, U.S.A

Oprah Winfrey was born in Mississippi
into extremely poor family. Her mother
was a maid, and her father was a barber.
Winfrey lived in such poverty that she
wore dresses made of potato sacks.
Winfrey was a talkative girl who would
often pretend to interview her dolls.
She excelled in school and won a college
scholarship When she graduated,
Winfrey got a job reporting the news
which was popular that it was broadcast nationally. The Oprah Winfrey show now air in
135 countries, and is viewed by about 46 million people. Winfrey also has a magazine, a
production company and co-founded a cable television network.

B. VOCALBULARY

1. Heir (ผสู้ บื สายโลหติ ) - a person who inherits or has a right of

inheritance in the property of another following the latter's death.
- death
2. Demise (อนจิ กรรม)

3. Predict (ทานาย) - foretell the future.

4. Reputation (ชอ่ื เสยี ง) - good name

5. Welfare (สวสั ดกิ าร) - a government agency that provide funds to

those people in need. - progress from one stage to another
6. Journey (เทย่ี ว) - poor
- a person who gives something for those in need.
7. Impoverished (ขน้ แคน้ ) - to be better, to be the best
- a sum of money or other aid granted to a
8. Philanthropist (คนใจบญุ )

9. Excel (เป็นหน่งึ )

10. Scholarship (ทนุ การศกี ษา)

student for education.

13

Activity 1. True or False

1. A person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by

the generous donation of money to good causes.

a. True b. False

2. Armancio Ortega's father is so rich that they don't need to work to

have money.

a. True b. False

3. JK Rowling is the writer of " The Lord of the Rings".

a. True b. False

4. Oprah Winfrey was born in an extremely wealthy family.

a. True b. False

5. Li Ka-Shings family was from China before they moved to

Singapore.

a. True b. False

C. GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT VS PRESENT CONTINOUS

What's the difference between the Present Simple Present Continuous and how to use them?
* We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or routines things

that don't change. Structure: Subject + Verb (vI)+ es/es
* We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at the present

moment, but will soon finish. Structure: Subject +is am are + Verb(+ing)

HERE ARE THE DIFFERENCES

14

Exercise:
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) _________her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work)__________ as a secretary at ABT, but this summer
I (study)____________French at a language school in Paris. That is why
I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet: John (sleep) __________.
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella It (rain) ________.
5. I hate living in Seattle because it rain, always) ___________.
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) ___________because everybody
(talk)__________ so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently)___________ a book about his adventures in
Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) __________to a movie tonight with
some friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally)____________ printed by a company
in New York. Their prices (be)___________ inexpensive, yet the quality
of their work is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be)_____________ made by a small
chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.

15

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
Listen and practice the English /r/ sound in these sentences
1. After breaking up the fight, the prince of Verona gives a warning.
2. Romeo reveals himself and proclaims his love,
3. Romeo and Juliet are married in secret by Friar Lawrence.
4. A furious and grieving Romeo then kills Tybalt.
5. Friar Lawrence's letter never reached Romeo.

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (HOMEWORK)
1. Choose a famous and/or wealthy person.
2. Research information about this person's life, including the events that took the person from
obscurity to fame or poverty to wealth.
3. Write a biographical essay about this person.
4. DO NOT COPY Wikipedia, or any online sources. Write your own
5. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, single space. Write at least 800 words.

16

Unit 3: THE STORY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

A. READING TEXT

Considered to be one of America's greatest scientist in
the field of Agriculture Carver's reputation is based on his
research into and promotion of alternative crops to cotton,
such as peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes, which also
aided nutrition for farm families. He wanted poor farmers
to grow alternative crops both as a source of their own food
and as a source of other products to improve their quality of
life. He was recognized for his many achievements and
talents. In 1941, Time magazine dubbed Carver "Black a
Leonardo"

Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove, Newton County, near Crystal
Place, now known as Diamond, Missouri, possibly in 1864 or 1865, though the exact date is not
known. His master, Moses Carver, was a German American immigrant who had purchased
George's parents, Mary and Giles, from William P. McGinnis on October 9, 1855, for $700.
Carver had 10 sisters and a brother, all of whom died prematurely.

When George was only a week old, he, a sister, and his mother were kidnapped
by night raiders from Arkansas, George's brother, James, was rushed to safety from the
kidnappers. The kidnappers sold the slaves in Kentucky. Moses Carver hired John Bentley to
find them, but he located only the infant George. Moses negotiated with the raiders to gain the
boy's return, and rewarded Bentley. In 1865, there were no longer slaves in the United States,
but George and his brother continued to live with the Carvers. The Carvers gave him as much
education as they could. At the age of 12, George left the Carvers to start life on his own.

For the next 12 years, he worked whenever he could and went to school
whenever he could. He managed to finish high school and won a scholarship to go to Highland
University. However, when he appeared in the University, they refused to admit him because he
was black. This did not stop Carver, he continued to work and save money. In early 1888,
Carver obtained a $300 loan at the Bank of Ness City for education. By June he left the area.

In 1890, Carver started studying art and piano at Simpson College in Indianola,
lowa. His art teacher, Etta Budd, recognized Carver's talent for painting flowers and plants; she
encouraged him to study botany at Iowa State Agricultural College in Ames. When he began
there in 1891, he was the first black student. Carver's Bachelor's thesis was Plants as Modified
by Man", dated 1894. State professors Joseph Budd and Pammel convinced Can to continue
there for his master's degree. Carver taught as the first black faculty member at Iowa State,

17

In 1896, Booker T. Washington, the first principal and president
of the Tuskegee Institute, invited Carver to head its Agriculture Department.
Carver taught there for 47 years, developing the department into a strong
research center and working with two additional college presidents during his
tenure. He taught methods of crop rotation, introduced several alternative cash
crops for farmers that would also improve the soil of areas heavily cultivated in
cotton, initiated research into crop products (chemurgy), and taught generations
of black students farming techniques for self-sufficiency
From 1915 to 1923, Carver concentrated on researching and experimenting with new uses
for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans, pecans, and other crops, as well as having his assistants
research and compile existing uses, This work, and especially his speaking to a national
conference of the Peanut Growers Association in 1920 and in testimony before Congress in
1921 to support passage of a tariff on imported peanuts, brought him wide publicity and
increasing renown. In these years, he became one of the most well-known African Americans
of his time. The most popular of his 44 practical bulletins for farmers contained 105 food
recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted about 100 products made from peanuts
that were useful for the house and farm, including cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics. gasoline,
and nitroglycerin. He received numerous honors for his work, including the Spingarn Medal of
the NAAC.

Upon returning home one day, Carver took a bad fall down a flight of stairs; he
was found unconscious by a maid who took him to a hospital. Carver died January 5, 1943, at
the age of 78 from complications (anemia) resulting from this fall, He was buried next to Booker
T. Washington at Tuskegee University. Due to his frugality, Carver's life savings totaled $60,000,
all of which he donated in his last years and at his death to the Carver Museum and to the
George Washington Carver Foundation

B. VOCABULARY - area of interest of study.
1. Field (ดา้ น) - growing food
2. Agriculture (การเกษตร) - allow to enter.
3. Admit (ยอมรบั ) - earn enough money to live.
4. Support yourself (สนบั สนุนตวั เอง) - better than most
5. Outstanding (เฉยี บ) - Trying to survive.
6. Struggle (ฝ่าฟัน) - dirt in which plants grow.
7. Soil (ดนิ ) - used up.
8. Wore out (เสอ่ื มสภาพ) - proposed something.
9. Made an offer (ทาขอ้ เสนอ)
- give a chance.
10. Provide opportunities

18

Activity 1. Circle the letter of the best answer

1. Carver was____________

a. Born a slave c. A slave until he went to university

b. A slave until he was 12 d. A slave all his life.

2. Carver developed many uses for ________________

a. Cotton c. Glue

b. Peanuts d. Soil

3. In the 1930's, Carver was___________

a. A poor man c. Famous in other countries

b. Rich and popular d. Recognized all over the world.

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false. Correct the false

sentences.

1. George's parents were Moses and Susan Carver. TF

________________________________________________________

2. Carver was the only black student at lowa Agricultural College. T F

________________________________________________________

3. Carver discovered more than 300 products for sweet potato. T F

________________________________________________________ T F
4. Carver was called the Banana Man.“

________________________________________________________

5. Carver gave all his life savings to George Washington

Carver Foundation after he died. TF

________________________________________________________

C. GRAMMAR

JOB SUFFIXES

This suffix is commonly used to indicate a person who does a job related
to the base form of the word to which -er is added, There are no rules, on what
suffix to attached on certain jobs, although a number of patterns emerge.
Unskilled or semi-skilled job-holders are often denoted with...er, whilst those in
scientific or medical professions are often designated with ...ist But there are
many exceptions.

The ...er suffix is very common, but so is ..or. The .ist ending is also quite
common, but so is ....an. We also have ...ant (accountant, shop assistant, civil
servant, flight attendant), ....man (postman, fireman, dustman, barman,
draughtsman, fisherman), ....ess (waitress, hostess, Headmistress....ee (trainee,
employee) and ...ive (representative, machine operative), etc.

It is really a matter of learning them and knowing them. Learn
them in word families, for example, teach +er =teacher and bake + er = baker.

19

Exercise 3: Write the correct occupation
1. Someone who drives a car is a ______________.
2. Someone who translates is a ______________.
3. Someone who acts in movies is an ______________.
4. Someone who studies the mind is a ______________.
5. Someone who studies the economy is an ______________.
6. Someone who studies rocks and their formation is a ______________.
7. Someone who plays professional football is a ______________.

20

D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

(CONSONANT CLUSTER)

A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant
compound,is a group of consonants which have no intervening
vowel. It is also called consonant blend which are groups of two or
three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.
DIGRAPHS these are some words that begin with common

digraphs or blends.

1. bl - blab, black, blue 13. sh - shower, shade, shut
2. br - brace, bracelet, broom 14. sk - skate, skinny, skydive
3. ch - chain, chair, chin 15. sl - slab, slot, slow
4. cl - clad, claim, clear 16. sm - smack, smash, smog
5. cr - crab, crack, cracker 17. sn - snack, snow, sneeze
6. dr - drab, draft, drag 18. sp - spa, sponsor, spy
7. fl - flab, flush, flag 19. st - street, students, storm
8. fr - fraction, fry, frugal 20. sw - swab, swim, sweater
9. gl - glad, gleam glue 21. th - thank, this, thorn
10. gr - grace groan, greet 22. tr - trace, trolley, traffic
11. pl - pray, pronoun, pry 23. tw - tweak, twitter, twin
12. sc - scale, screw, scorpion 24. wh - whale, white, why

E. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
The story of George Washington Carver is a narrative. A Narrative relates a story of

events or actions. Narrative puts events in time and tells us what happened according to a
natural time sequence (อนุกรม).

In a narrative, time order words and phrases are used to show the order in which events

happen.

Example. eventually then
first (second, etc) next a few days later
when after afterward
finally one day after a while
Meanwhile soon for the next 5 years
in 1940

21

1. Write a narrative essay about yourself dife story
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least

800 words

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22

Unit 4. TEA, ANYONE?

A. READING TEXT

There is a saying that the British like a nice cup of
tea in the morning and a nice cup of tea at night.
They like a nice cup of tea with their dinner and
a nice cup of tea with their tea, and before they go
to bed, there's a lot to be said for a nice cup of tea!
Sometimes it seems that no one likes tea quite as
much as the British do. But, in fact it is popular around
the world especially in Asia. Tea is an aromatic
beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or
boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis,
an evergreen shrub native to Asia. After water, it is the
most widely consumed drink in the World.

Tea originated in the Southwest of China, the popular legend says tea was
discovered by Emperor Shennong. It was used as a medical drink. It became a popular drink
throughout China during the Tang Dynasty, and tea drinking spread to other East Asian
countries. Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to the West during the 16th century.
During the 17th Century, drinking tea became fashionable among British people. There are many
different types of tea; some teas, like Darjeeling and Chinese greens, have a cooling, slightly
bitter, and astringent flavor, while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty,
floral, or grassy notes.

In China and Japan, tea was first used as a medicine, it wasn't until many years
later that people there drank tea as a beverage. Because tea had been considered a scared
remedy, it was always served with much ceremony. When Chinese first started drinking tea, they
didn't use teapots. Instead, they put leaves and hot water into a small bowl with a cover. Drinkers
would bring the bowl to their lips and lift the cover very slightly with their forefingers just
enough to drink the liquid but not the leaves

In Japan, Tea drinking follows a very strict ritual that was set down in the 15th
Century by the first great master, Shuko. This tea ceremony is still performed today. Guest must
wash their hands and faces and remove their shows before entering the tearoom through a low
doorway that forces them to stoop and appear humble. As the guest kneel or sit crossed legged
on mats, the host places a spoonful of powdered green tea into a special bowl, adds boiling water
and then stirs it with a bamboo whisk,

23

In early ceremonies guest drink in the same bowl but later the host served it in
individual bowls. The guest sips the tea slowly, they are expected to throw back their heads and
take a final sip with a loud sound to show how good the tea is.

In the UK, the British like to be formal and dignified when they serve tea. They
served black tea in China cups with handles and matching saucers. In Britain, tea is made in a
pot, using one teaspoonful of tea leaves for each cup plus one extra teaspoonful for the pot.
Boiling water is poured into a pot, and the tea is left for about 5 minutes before the host pours
for the guest.

Many interesting tea customs have developed over the centuries. In India, for
example, you might drink tea with a lot of milk, sugar, cinnamon and cardamom. The Burmese
soak tea leaves in oil and garlic and eat this meixture with dried fish. In Thailand, people chew
tea leaves seasoned with salt and other spices. In Iran, perfumed tea is a favorite. It is made by
leaving flowers or herbs in the tea container for several days. In Morocco, tea is prepared in
bras or silver teapot to which sugar and mint are added. Then the tea is served in small glasses
with mint leaves. If guests accept an offer of tea, they are expected to drink at least three
glasses.

Regardless of where and how tea is prepared and served, many people consider
it to be an important part of their social life. Having a cup of tea provides reason of getting
together and sharing a moment of conversation. Tea may no longer be considered a sacred cure
for all illness, but it is a remedy for both the body and the spirit in our sometimes frantic lives.

B. VOCABULARY -liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a
1. Popular (ฮติ )
-having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
particular person or group. -relating to the science of medicine.
2. Aromatic (หอมหวน) -a retail trader; a store owner.
3. Medical (ทางการณ์แพทย)์ -a drink, especially one other than water.
4. Merchant (พ่อคา้ ) -low estimate of one's own importance.
5. Beverage (เครอ่ื งดม่ื ) -beat or stir with a light rapid movement.
6. Humble (อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน) -a substance made by mixing other substances
7. Whisk (ปัด)
8 . Mixture (สารผสม) -an object that can be used to hold or transport

together. -wild or distraught with fear, anxiety, or other
9. Container (ผอก)

something.
10. Frantic (บา้ )

emotion.

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Activity 1. Circle the letter of the correct answer
1. Tea ___.
a. is taken in much the same way everywhere.
b. has led to the development of many different customs.
c. was popular as a social drink before used as a remedy.
d. is popular in every country.
2. The tea ceremony in Japan_____ .
a. is formal and complicated.
b. is similar to the British was of serving tea.
c. was borrowed from the Chinese.
d. is practiced whenever the Japanese drink tea.
3. Regardless of the country, tea is _____.
a. an important part of social life.
b. served very formally.
c. always offered to guests.
d. used as a medicine

Activity 2. Circle T if the sentences is true, circle F if the sentences is false. Correct the false

sentences.

1. Tea was first used as a medicine in China and Japan. TF

____________________________________________

2. Drinking tea never became an important part of Chinese life. T F

____________________________________________

3. The British drink tea only in the morning and evening. TF

___________________________________________

4. In India, you might get cardamom in your tea. TF

____________________________________________

5. In Morocco, a guest is expected to drink only one glass of tea. T F

_____________________________________________

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C. GRAMMAR

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

These Adverbs are used to show the duration or timing of the action that
is happening had happened will happen. They also tell us how often and how long these actions would be.

There are two types: An adverb that describes definite frequency is one such as weekly/every week,
daily/every day, or yearly/every year, etc. An adverb describing indefinite frequency doesn’t specify an

exact time frame; examples are always, usually, sometimes, often, etc.

1. DEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of definite frequency occur at the beginning or
the end of a sentence.
• The library is open every day.
• Every day, some employees go out for lunch.
• He visits his grandpapa every two weeks.
• The moon waxes and wanes every month .
• This medicine is to be taken hourly.

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2. INDEFINITE FREQUENCY - Adverbs of indefinite frequency occur in the middle of the
sentence. Where exactly it is placed depends on the type of verbs in the sentence.
2.1. An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with to Be).
Subject + adverb + main verb
• I always remember to do my homework
• He normally gets good marks in exams
2.2. An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be,
Subject + to be + adverb
• They are never pleased to see me.
• She isn't usually bad tempered.
2.3. When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb
is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.
Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb
• He can sometimes beat me in a race
• I would hardly ever be unkind to someone
• They might never see each other again
• They could occasionally be heard laughing.
2.4. We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence
: Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally
• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food,
2.5. BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence
: Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.
2.6. We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs
• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.
2.7. We use ever in questions and negative statements:
• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').

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Exercise 1
1. Our teacher, Mrs. Jones, (never / be) late for lessons.
2. I (often /clean) my bedroom at the weekend.
3. My brother (hardly ever / help) me with my homework.
4. I (sometimes / be) bored in the math lessons.
5. We (rarely / watch) football on TV.
6. You and Tony (never / play) computer games with me.
7. You (usually / be) at the sports center on Sunday.
8. The school bus (always / arrive) at half past eight.
D. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

(CONSONANT CLUSTER)
A consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of consonants which
have no intervening vowel. It is also called consonant blend which are groups of two or three
consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound.
TRIGRAPHS: is a group of three characters used to represent a single sound or a combination of
sounds that does not correspond to the written letters combined.
1. sch - schedule, scholar, school
2. scr - scram, scroll, screw
3. shr - shrank, shrub, shrimp
4. sph - sphere, sphinx, spherical
5. spl - splashm split, splendor
6. spr - sprain, spring, sprite
7. squ- squat, squirrel, squid
8. str - straight, strong, stripe
9. thr - thrash, threw, throne

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E. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)
1. Write an essay about your culture and how it is different from other countries.
2. Give examples of unique culture to us that can never be found anywhere else.
3. Use the adverb of frequency in your essay.
4. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800 words.

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Unit 5 : FOOD CUSTOMS IN IRAN

A. READING TEXT

Food customs around the world are strongly
connected to culture, tradition, and geography.
We can see this in my country,
Iran. It has a variable climate, which gives us
the advantage of having a large variety of
foods to eat. However, what we eat is still
influenced by our traditions and geography,
as we can see in the similarities and
differences between the north and south Iran.
Many of the food customs are similar everywhere in the country. For example, in both
northern and southern Iran, food is eaten with one's hand and a piece of bread instead of using
utensils. Rice is an important staple food in Iran, and it is a part of almost every meal in both
the north and the south. Another similarity between the north and the south is eating fish, since
both areas are near seas: The Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south.

Because the north of Iran is quite different from the south, there are several differences in
eating habits between the two areas, northern Iran faces Caspian Sea where we find special
fish from which the famous caviar is made, which northerners love to eat. Because of the
Mediterranean climate in the north, rice is one of the major crops, and it plays an important
role at the table on northern Iran. It is served at all ceremonies. As a tradition, northerners
conduct a rice ceremony every year by putting rice twigs in the paddy and singing songs. In
southern Iran, which faces the Persian Gulf, a variety of seafood, especially the white fish,
make up the favorite dishes. Although rice is important ad a part of most meals, the south is
better known for its vegetables and fruits. Dates, in particular, are important and are a major
export to Western countries.

In conclusion, Iran is a large country with a diverse geography and people. As in all large
countries, a variety of customs can be found on all points of the compass. Food customs in
particular are influenced by climate and location, making Iran a very interesting country in
which to live and eat.

30

B. VOCABULARY

1. Climate (ภมู ปิ ระเทศ) - the prevailing trend of public opinion or of
another aspect of public life.

2. Advantage (ความไดเ้ ปรยี บ) - the opportunity to gain something; benefit or profit.

3. Geography (ภมู ศิ าสตร)์ - is a field of science devoted to the study of the

lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.

4. Utensil (เครอ่ื งมอื ) -an implement, container, or other article,
especially for household use.

5. Staple (แกน) - a main or important element of something

6. Major (สาคญั ) - important, serious, or significant.

7. Tradition (ประเพณ)ี - the transmission of customs or beliefs from

generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.

8. Variety (ความหลากหลาย) - a thing which differs in some way from others
of the same general class or sort; a type.

9. Diverse (หลากหลาย) - showing a great deal of variety; very different.

10. Influence (มอี ธิ พิ ล) - the capacity to have an effect on the character,

development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.

Activity 1. Write the correct answer in the blank. Use the words in the vocabulary
section.
1. Frank was a good_____to her.
2. The use of drugs is a_____problem all over the world.
3. The_____of Thailand very unique.
4. Nina went to the thrift store to buy some cooking_____.
5. It is part of their_____to offer food for their dead relatives every all souls day.
6. Rice is the_____food in Asia.

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7. Philippines has a culturally_____population.
8. The current economic_____of the country is really good so far.
9. The companies with a computerized database are at an_____.
10. The center offers a_____of leisure activities.
C. GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense is used to identify the connection between the present and the past. The time that
something
happened was before or in the past, but is not clearly stated. And pay more attention to the outcome
than the action itself

Present perfect tense ใชเ้ พอ่ื ระบคุ วามเชอ่ื มโยงระหวา่ งปัจจบุ นั และอดตี เวลาทส่ี ง่ิ ๆนนั้ เกดิ ขน้ึ คอื ก่อนหน้าน้หี รอื ใน
อดตี แต่ไม่ไดร้ ะบุไวอ้ ยา่ งชดั เจน และใหค้ วามสนใจกบั ผลลพั ธม์ ากกว่าตวั การกระทาเอง

PRESENT PERFECT is used to described:
1. What started in the past and continues to do today

(สงิ่ ทเ่ี รม่ิ ตน้ ทาในอดตี และยงั คงทาต่อเน่อื งมาจนถงึ ปัจจบุ นั )

- They haven't lived here for years.
- She has worked in the bank for five years.

- We have had the same car for ten years.

- Have you played the piano since you were a child?

32

2. When the period referred to has not yet been completed (เมอ่ื ชว่ งระยะเวลาทอ่ี า้ งถงึ ยงั ไมเ่ สรจ็ สน้ิ )
- I have worked hard this week.
- It has rained a lot this year .
- We haven't seen her today.
3. A repetitive occurrence in a specific time between the past and the present. (สงิ่ ทเ่ี กดิ ขน้ึ ซา้ ๆ

ในชว่ งเวลาใดเวลาหน่งึ ทไ่ี มไ่ ดร้ ะบุไวอ้ ยา่ งเจาะจงระหวา่ งอดตี และปัจจุบนั )

- They have seen that film six times
- It has happened several times already.
- She has visited them frequently.
- We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
4. Something that was just done a moment ago (+just) สง่ิ ทเ่ี พง่ิ ทาเสรจ็ ไปเม่อื สกั คร่ทู ผ่ี า่ นมา
- Have you just finished work?
- I have just eaten.
- We have just seen her.
- Has he just left?
5. Certain actions for which time are not important or clearly identified indicators, (การกระทา

บางอยา่ งทเ่ี วลาไมใ่ ชต่ วั บ่งชท้ี ส่ี าคญั หรอื ไมไ่ ดร้ ะบไุ วอ้ ยา่ งชดั เจน)

- Someone has eaten my soup
- Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind"?
- She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

33

D. WRITING ACTIVITY (Homework)

1. Compare and contrast the food in two areas or regions of your country.
2. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800

words.

E. SPEAKING ACTIVITY

1. Report to the class the food in your country

34

Unit 6: ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

A. READING TEXT

Do you speak English? That question is
frequently asked in countries around the world.
Although there are almost 3,000 languages,
English is the most universal. It is the official
language in over 40 countries and the most used
language in international business, science and
medicine.

Even in countries where English is not the first language, a number of English words are used.
No other language is borrowed from more often than English. For example, a French worker
looks forward to le weekend. A Romanian shopper catches a ride on the trolleybus. A Chinese
businessperson talks to on the te le fung (telephone). Some Swedish school girls have started
making plural forms of words by adding -s, as in English, instead of the Swedish was of adding -
ar, -or, or -er.

Hundreds of words borrowed from English can now be found in other languages, words such as
soda, hotel, gold, tennis, jeans, O.K., baseball and airport. Although many words are used as they
are, others are changed to make them more like the native language and therefore easier to say
and remember. Thus, a Japanese worker gets stuck in rushawa (rush-hour) traffic. A Spanish
mother tells her child to put on her suiter (sweater), and a Ukrainian man goes to the barber for a
herkot (haircut).

English is everywhere. It is on signs, clothing, soft drinks and household products around the
world. In spite of the popularity of English words and phrases, however, they are not always
welcome. Some people think that the use of English words is threatening the purity of their
native language, in 1975, the French started a commission to try to top and even give fines for,
the use of English words. Some countries have tried to eliminate English as their official
language in order to save their native tongue.

35

On the other hand, some people believe that English should be the international language. They
give a number of reasons for this, such as, the cost of translation and misunderstandings that result
from language differences. They believe that things would run more smoothly if everyone spoke
the same language.

-What would become of our many different culture?" others argue. "certainly the world would be
a much less interesting place," they add. Indeed, there are serious concern on the part of language
experts that many languages are disappearing. In some parts of the world, only a few people are
left who can speak the native tongue, In Ireland, for example, there are only a few small areas
where people speak Gaelic, the native Irish language. One expert says that half of the world's
languages are dying because children are no longer learning them.

Languages have changed and disappeared throughout history. With progress, change is
inevitable Some things are worth preserving. Others are not. The difficulty is in deciding what is
worth keeping. Because people have a very strong feeling about the importance of their native
language, we probably will not have a universal language in the near future. What is certain,
however, is that English worlds will continue to pop-up everywhere, from Taiwan to Timbuktu,
whether some people like it or not.

B. VOCABULARY

1. Frequently (บ่อยๆ) -regularly or habitually; often.

2. Borrow (ยมื ) -take and use (something that belongs to someone
else) with the intention of returning it.

3. Threatened (คกุ คาม) -in danger

4. Fines (ปรบั โทษ) -punishment in the form of taking money.

5. Eliminate (กาจดั ) -remove get rid of

6. Concern (กงั วล) -worry

7. Dying (เฮอื กสดุ ทา้ ย) - in decline and about to disappear.

8. Inevitable (แน่นอน) - impossible to stop

9. Preserve (อนุรกั ษ์) -take care of keep

10. Pop up (ปรากฏ) -appear

36

Activity 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters. You
may use your dictionary.
1. UNDERSTAND

a. It is understandable that some people dislike foreign words in their language.

b. I_____instructions because they used many words that I knew from English.
2. SPEAK

b. English is_____in many countries around the world.

c. English can help you in business, science, and medicine.
3.THREAT

a. Some people feel that English is a_____to their own native language.

b. Others feel that English does not_____other languages but can be an international
language.

C. SPEAKING ACTIVITY
TAG QUESTIONS

Tag questions are something like negative questions. They are used when someone thinks he or
she knows an answer and wants confirmation. There are two very commonly used types of tag
questions-one made from affirmative ( + ) sentences, the other made from negative (-) sentences:
• He's from Italy, isn't he? /He isn't from Italy, is he?
• She speaks Estonian, doesn't she? /She doesn't speak Estonian, does she?
• They'd left when you arrived, hadn't they? /They hadn't left when you arrived, had they?

TAG QUESTIONS (INTONATION)
1. Falling Intonation
When someone asks a tag question and the question tag has falling intonation, the person who
asks the questions is fairly sure that the statement before the tag ending is correct. Because the
person asking the question is not 100% sure, however, he or she still wants confirmation.
• I have told you not to run, haven't I? (Mother telling her son after her son falls.)
• It is a beautiful view, isn't it? (…We are all enjoying it.)
• You know I hate this movie, don't you? (…And yet we are watching it.)

37

2. Rising Intonation
When someone asks a tag question and the tag has rising intonation, in a rising intonation the
speaker is not as confident of his/her statement and he/she is asking the other person to find out
about it,
• He didn't go to school yesterday, did he? (Did he really go to school yesterday?)
• Jack paid for the dinner, didn't he? ( I hope he paid for the dinner…did he?)
• You told her I wasn't going to the party, didn't you? (Did you forget to tell her?)
Exercise 1. Circle the correct intonation
1. Cebu is the capital of Thailand, isn't it?
2. Terrible weather, isn't it?
3. She speaks Russian, doesn't she?
4. He is from Surat, isn't he?
5. English is difficult, isn't it?

D. WRITING ACTIVITY (homework)
1. Write an essay. Why have languages disappeared throughout history? Give some example
2. Use the present continuous and present simple in the paragraph.
3. Font should be Times New Romans, font size is 12, double space. Write at least 800 words

38

References:
16 tenses in English grammar (Formula and examples). (2020, June 4).

ExamPlanning. https://examplanning.com/16-tenses-in-english-grammar-formula-
and examples/
Adverbs of frequency. (2020, April 3). English Grammar Games and Notes - Woodward

English. https://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm
Blends, digraphs, trigraphs, and other letter combinations. (n.d.). Enchanted Learning

https://www.ench antedlearning.com/consonantblends/
Broukal, M. (2015). Weaving it together 3. Heinle & Heinle Pub.
English Tutor. (2019, July 17). Adverbs of frequency | 2 types of adverbs of frequency
with

useful examples. ESL Grammar. https://eslgrammar.org/adverbs-of-frequency/
Linking vowel to vowel. (n.d.). EnglishClub - Learn or Teach English Today.

https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/linking-3.htm

Mega goal 6 student book). ช้นั มธั ยมศึกษาปี ที 6: หนงั สอื เรยี น รายวิชาพนื้ ฐาน ภาษาองั กฤษ กลมุ่ สาระ
การเรยี นรู้ ภาษาตา่ งประเทศ ตามหลกั สตู รแกนกลางการศกึ ษาขนั้ พนื้ ฐาน พทุ ธศกั ราช 2551. (2012

Shrives, C. (n.d.). Regular verbs | What are regular verbs? Free English Grammar
Lessons and

Tests. https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/regular_verbs.htm
There is there are - English grammar rules. (2020, February 8). English Grammar Games
and

Notes - Woodward English. https://www.grammar.cl/Present/ThereIsThereAre.htm
Understanding and using tag questions (#3). (n.d.). Home Page –

ESL. https://www.eslcafe.com/resources/grammar-lessons/tag-
questions/understanding and-using-tag-questions-3


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