United Learning - Knowledge Organiser - Y9

United Learning Kettering Buccleuch Academy

® The best in everyoneTM 2020

Y9 Knowledge
Organiser 2

END OF YEAR ASSESSMENTS
February to July

Name:
Tutor Group:
Tutor & Room:

“If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you.
If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you.”

Contents

1. Your Knowledge Organiser and Self-Quizzing Book 23. History The Holocaust
24. IT Critical Success Factor
2. How do I complete Knowledge Organiser homeworks? 25. IT The Project Life Cycle
26. Literacy Up-levelling your writing
3. Literacy Fundamentals 27. Literacy High-frequency words
28. Mathematics Definitions
4. Literacy Fundamentals 29. Mathematics Metric conversions
30. Mathematics Circles
5. Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird 31. Music Live Lounge Ensemble
32. Music Live Lounge Ensemble
6. Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird 33. PE Cardiorespiratory System
34. PE Muscoskeletal System
7. Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird 35. PRE Essential Knowledge
36. PRE Judaism
8. Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird 37. Science Biological Systems and Processes 9BB
38. Science Energetics and Rates 9CE B
9. Art The formal elements, colour theory etc… 39. Science Sound 9PS
40. Science Looking Ahead to GCSE
10. Art Key Terms 41. Science Looking Ahead to GCSE
42. Spanish Structures, sentence starters, tenses…
11. Drama War Project Devised 43. Spanish Key vocab per module

12. Drama Keywords

13. English Sherlock Holmes

14. English Poetry – Relationships

15. English Romeo & Juliet

16. French Structures, sentence starters, tenses…

17. French Key vocab per module

18. Geography Economies

19. Geography Resource Management

20. German Structures, sentence starters, tenses…

21. German Key vocab per module

22. History The Causes of WW2 and Nazi Germany

2

Your Knowledge Organiser You MUST bring your
and Self-Quizzing Book Knowledge Organiser and Self-
Quizzing Book to EVERY lesson
United Learning Kettering Buccleuch Academy Knowledge Organisers
® The best in everyoneTM 2019-2020 and place it on your desk at
Knowledge Organisers contain critical, the beginning of each lesson.
Y9 Knowledge fundamental knowledge that you MUST
Organiser 2 know in order to be successful in Year 9 You MUST keep all of your
and subsequent years. Knowledge Organisers and
END OF YEAR ASSESSMENTS Self-Quizzing Books because
February to July They will help you recap, revisit and revise the fundamental knowledge
what you have learnt in lessons in order required in Year 9 will also be
Name: to move the knowledge within from your required in years 10 and 11.
Tutor Group: short-term memory to long-term memory. Knowledge Organisers are
Tutor & Room: NOT a replacement for revision
guides but they include the
“If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you. fundamental knowledge that
If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you.” ALL students in Year 9 require.

Self-Quizzing Book 01

This is the book that all Knowledge
Organiser homework is to be
completed in.

You must follow the simple rules as
to how they are to be used.

How do I complete Knowledge Organiser homeworks?

You will be set a MINIMUM of 2 Knowledge Organiser homeworks in every subject each half term

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Check SMHW and identify what words/ Write today’s date and the title from your Write out the keywords/definitions/facts you
definitions/facts you have been asked to Knowledge Organiser. have been set from SMHW in FULL.

learn.

STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

Cover the definitions in your SELF-QUIZZING Cover up ALL the definitions/facts and Check your answers and correct where
BOOK, apart from the first. Read it, Cover it, write them out from memory in your required. Repeat Steps 4 to 6 until you are
Say it in your head, check it… REPEAT until SELF-QUIZZING BOOK.
confident.
confident.
You will be tested on the words/definitions/
facts as a starter activity in your lesson on

the day that the homework is due.

This will be completed in your normal
exercise book and you will mark it in class.

02

Can I write in paragraphs? I am proud of my work because... Can I use different sentence types?

The TIPTOP rule • I have written clearly so that my reader Simple sentences: Contains a subject and a verb and
can understand my writing easily. can contain an object.
You move onto a new paragraph when you • Sarah likes to read in the library.
change Time, Place, Topic or Person. • I have checked my spelling and • Tom enjoys reading at home.
corrected any errors.
1. I always start an essay with an introduction Compound sentences: Joins two simple sentences
which addresses the question. • I have used full sentences with a subject using the connectives: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
2. I finish an essay with a conclusion to and a verb. • Sarah likes to read in the library but Tom
summarise the main points of my argument prefers to read at home.
and to address the question again. • I have used correct punctuation and
3. I use connectives in each paragraph to link grammar. Complex sentences: A complex sentence contains
my ideas and to put them in a logical order. a conjunction such as because, since, after, although,
• I have paragraphed my work using TIPTOP. or when.
• Because Robert felt tired, he only studied for
• My writing is suitable for the person I am an hour.
writing for. • Although the rain had stopped, the pitch was still
water-logged.
Furthermore But Meanwhile Can I spell familiar words accurately? • Paul enjoys Music, however, he is more
Whereas Since Nonetheless proficient in Art.
Common contractions
Nevertheless Yet However Homophones
Alternatively Therefore Although We must use an apostrophe to replace any letter(s)
Consequently Moreover we have left out.
Besides

Have I used the correct grammar? 11 o’clock How’s They’d Where’ll I have checked that I have not mixed up my
homophones.
I am aware that I must use language that is Aren’t I’d They’ll Where’s
appropriate to my reader.
Can’t I’ll They’re Who’d Affect/effect One/won
• No slang that lesson was bangin’
• No informal language I’m gonna do my Couldn’t I’m Wasn’t Who’ll Bare/bear Passed/past

homework now Didn’t Isn’t We’d Who’s Brake/break Peace/piece

Other things to consider: Doesn’t It’d We’ll Why’d Buy/by Practice (n)/practise (v)
I am clear about the purpose of this
piece of writing Don’t It’ll We’re Why’ll For/four Read/red
I know who my audience is
I will use a suitable layout and text type Hadn’t It’s Weren’t Why’s Flour/flower Sea/see

Literacy Fundamentals Hasn’t Mightn’t What’d Won’t Grate/great Sight/site
1 of 2
Haven’t Mustn’t What’ll Wouldn’t Hair/hare Son/sun

He’d Shan’t What’s You’d Hole/whole To/too/two

He’ll She’d When’d You’ll Hour/our Wait/weight

He’s She’ll When’ll You’re Knight/night Weak/week

How’d She’s When’s Know/no Wear/where

How’ll Shouldn’t Where’d Meat/meet

03

Basics: Can I use punctuation? Apostrophe for Possession

• Every sentence must start with a capital letter. The Apostrophe (To show that something belongs to another)
• Every sentence must finish with some form of
punctuation: .?! I always aim to use apostrophes correctly. If a single thing/person owns anything,
• Proper nouns need capital letters. These are There are two main reasons why we use apostrophes: for add an apostrophe + ‘s’.
unique people, places or things e.g. there are
many cities so ‘city’ doesn’t take a capital possession and to replace a letter or letters • The dog’s bone
letter. However there is only one London, • The boy’s homework
therefore it takes a capital letter. Note: Apostrophes are NEVER used to denote plurals • Jones’s bakery
• When writing titles of works such as books, films • Yesterday’s lesson
or plays: Full stop . Indicates that a sentence has
• Capitalise the first word Comma finished However, if it is plural (more than one), an
• Capitalise any main/important words Question mark apostrophe comes after the ‘s’.
• Don’t capitalise minor words such as Indicates a slight pause in a
‘and’, ‘of’ or ‘the’ e.g. The Sound of Music, • The dogs’ bones
The Wizard of Oz, Harry Potter and the , sentence, separates clauses in • The boys’ homework
Goblet of Fire a complex sentence and items • Joneses’ bakeries (lots of Jones families)
• When writing speech: • Many websites’ content is educational
Go to a new line when a different in a list
person speaks e.g. “Good morning” said There/their/they’re
the Headteacher. ? Goes at the end of a question
“It’s the afternoon!” replied the student. Note: special care must be taken over the use of
Each person’s speech is marked with Exclamation Goes at the end of a dramatic there, their and they’re as they sound the same but
speech marks e.g. “Walk on the left” mark are used quite differently:
said Mr Mathews. ! sentence to show surprise or • There shows position Your seat is over there
Apostrophe • Their shows that ‘they’ own something Their blazers
Speech marks shock are navy blue
• They’re is short for they are as in They’re revising
Colon ‘ Shows that letter(s) have been every day
Semicolon left out or indicates possession
Its
Dash / hyphen Indicate direct speech, the
Note: its, which shows that something owns something
Brackets “” exact words spoken or being (like our, his etc), does not take an apostrophe: the
dog ate its bone and we ate our dinner.
Ellipsis quoted
Your/you’re
: Introduces a list, a statement or
a quote in a sentence Note: special care must be taken over the use of your
and you’re as they sound the same but are used quite
Can I spell accurately? Separates two sentences differently:
• Your is possessive as in this is your pen
1. Sound out the word 6. Look it up in a dictionary/ ; that are related and of equal • You’re is short for you are as in you’re coming over
2. Think about how it looks spellchecker to my house
3. Think about a similar word importance
4. Is there a memory sentence 7. Ask a friend or teacher Separates extra information
for this word? (e.g. big
elephants cannot always 8. To learn it: look, cover, write, - from the main clause by
use small exits) check
5. Find the word in a list – holding words apart
• Key words list 9. Once you’ve solved it, add Can be used like dashes, they
• Frequently used words list the correct spelling to your
• Your own word bank own word bank. () separate off extra information

from the main clause
To show a passage of time, to

... hook the reader in and create

suspense

Literacy Fundamentals
2 of 2

04

Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Black people were originally brought from Africa to America during the 1

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centuries. They were forcibly transported across the Atlantic in slave ship
and sold as slaves to work on sugar and cotton plantations in the Caribbe
states of north America. They had no rights and were seen by their white
Lee’s father was a lawyer. Lee maintains that To Kill a Mockingbird than animals or machines. Even after the abolition of slavery in 1865, bla
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Whole Academy Reading 1 of 2 Page 3 Year 9: Se0p5temb

Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird - Characters
2 of 4

Scout Jem

• The narrator and protagonist of the story. Jean Louise “Scout” Finch lives • Scout’s brother and constant playmate at the beginning of the story.
with her father, Atticus, her brother, Jem, and their black cook, Calpurnia, • Jeremy Atticus “Jem” Finch is something of a typical American boy, refusing to
in Maycomb. back down from dares and fantasising about playing football.
• She is intelligent and, by the standards of her time and place, a tomboy. • Four years older than Scout, he gradually separates himself from her games, but
• Scout has a combative streak and a basic faith in the goodness of the he remains her close companion and protector throughout the novel.
people in her community. • Jem moves into adolescence during the story, and his ideals are shaken badly
• As the novel progresses, this faith is tested by the hatred and prejudice by the evil and injustice that he perceives during the trial of Tom Robinson.
that emerge during Tom Robinson’s trial.
• Scout eventually develops a more grown-up perspective that enables her Charles Baker “Dill” Harris
to appreciate human goodness without ignoring human evil.
• Jem and Scout’s summer neighbour and friend.
Tom Robinson • Dill is a diminutive, confident boy with an active imagination.
• He becomes fascinated with Boo Radley and represents the perspective of
• The black field hand accused of rape. Tom is one of the novel’s childhood innocence throughout the novel.
“mockingbirds”, an important symbol of innocence destroyed by evil.
Atticus
Bob Ewell
• Scout and Jem’s father, a lawyer in Maycomb descended from an old
• A drunken, mostly unemployed member of Maycomb’s poorest family. local family.
• In his knowingly wrongful accusation that Tom Robinson raped his daughter, • A widower with a dry sense of humor, Atticus has instilled in his children his
Ewell represents the dark side of the South: ignorance, poverty, squalor, and strong sense of morality and justice.
hate-filled racial prejudice. • He is one of the few residents of Maycomb committed to racial equality.
• When he agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man charged with
Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley raping a white woman, he exposes himself and his family to the anger of the
white community.
• A recluse who never sets foot outside his house, Boo dominates the • With his strongly held convictions, wisdom, and empathy, Atticus functions as
imaginations of Jem, Scout, and Dill. the novel’s moral backbone.
• He is a powerful symbol of goodness swathed in an initial shroud of creepiness,
leaving little presents for Scout and Jem and emerging at an opportune Mayella Ewell
moment to save the children.
• An intelligent child emotionally damaged by his cruel father, Boo provides an • Bob Ewell’s abused, lonely, unhappy daughter.
example of the threat that evil poses to innocence and goodness. • Though one can pity Mayella because of her overbearing father, one cannot
• He is one of the novel’s “mockingbirds,” a good person injured by the pardon her for her shameful indictment of Tom Robinson.
evil of mankind.

06

Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird - Vocabulary List
3 of 4

Ch

1/2 Apothecary One who prepares and sells 5/6 Benign Compassionate; incapable 9-11 Antagonised Created an enemy or an
medicines of causing harm
Made less severe or 5/6 Bewilderment Condition of being 9-11 antagonist
1/2 Assuaged burdensome confused
Occurring or living naturally 5/6 Cherub A winged, chubby angel 9-11 Articulate To speak clearly and in
in an area 5/6 Ensuing Following immediately
1/2 Indigenous Having or exhibiting hatred afterward 9-11 distinct syllables
A feeling of shame or 5/6 Morbid Gruesome, gloomy, or dark 9-11
humiliation 5/6 Obliged Under force of necessity; 9-11 Contemporaries Those who exist/live at the
1/2 Malevolent Religious devotion and obligated 9-11
1/2 Mortification reverence to god 5/6 Prowess Superior skill or ability; same time
A brief, temporary stay strength or courage 9-11
Spotlessly clean and fresh 5/6 Tacit Unspoken; understood Evasion An act of escaping or avoiding
1/2 Piety Irritations or annoyances without being expressed 9-11
Heavily indulging in; rolling in 7/8 Aberrations Deviations from the proper Inconspicuous Not noticeable or prominent
Detestable; unpleasant course 12-13
1/2 Sojourn Pleasant; good-natured 7/8 Accosted Approached in a harsh Ingenious Characterised by cleverness
1/2 Unsullied Presenting favourable manner; assaulted 12-13
1/2 Vexations circumstances 7/8 Ascertaining Discovering with certainty; 12-13 Nauseating Causing nausea or upset
1/2 Wallowing Tending to fight; quarrelsome determining
3/4 Abominable A special allowance; privilege 7/8 Cleaved Adhered to closely; clung to 12-13 stomach
3/4 Amiable With a willingness to talk, share 7/8 Embalming Treating with preservatives 12-13
3/4 Auspicious Inclined to make trouble; to prevent decay Mausoleum A magnificent, decorated
unruly 7/8 Feeble Physically weak from age 12-13
To persist in a purpose, or sickness; frail 12-13 tomb
3/4 Contentious idea, or task 7/8 Meditative Given to contemplation or
3/4 Dispensation State of calm, peacefulness, deep thought 12-13 Provocation Causing aggravation or
3/4 Expansively serenity 7/8 Unfathomable Difficult or impossible to 12-13
3/4 Fractious A government in which a understand 12-13 annoyance
single person assumes 7/8 Vigil Wakefulness maintained in
absolute control reverence to another Acquired Obtained possession of
3/4 Persevere Distant; unfeeling 7/8 Whittle To carve or shape
Inclination to perform 9-11 Analogous Possessing connections, something
charitable acts similarities
3/4 Tranquillity Altercation An angry dispute; quarrel

Compensation Something given to make up
3/4 Tyranny
for something else

Contemptuously Showing contempt; scornfully
5/6 Aloof
5/6 Benevolence Ecclesiastical Having to do with the church

or the clergy

Formidable Hard to overcome or deal with

Inconsistent Not consistent; not in

agreement

Permanence Being permanent; lasting

Prerogative A right or privilege

Qualms Sudden, disturbing feelings of

uneasiness

07

Whole Academy Reading To Kill a Mockingbird - Vocabulary List
4 of 4

14-15 Edification Intellectual, spiritual, or moral 18-19 Acquainted Familiar; having personal 22-23 Heathen Someone who deliberately insults

14-15 improvement 18-19 knowledge of 22-23 religion, god, or a way of life
14-15 18-19 22-23
Inaudible Not audible; cannot be heard 18-19 Brash Tactless; bold 22-23 Resentments Feelings of ill-will toward someone
14-15 18-19 24-25
Indulged Gave in to one’s pleasures; 18-19 Browbeating Intimidating; bullying 24-25 Statute A law enacted by legislature
14-15 24-25
14-15 had what one wanted 18-19 Expunge Strike out; erase Vehement With conviction or force
14-15 18-19 24-25
14-15 Obscure Not clearly expressed; hard to 18-19 Lavations Washings; the process of bathing Adjourned Suspended until a later time
24-25
14-15 understand 18-19 Pilgrimage A journey or long quest for 24-25 Apprehension Hesitation
20-21
14-15 Peculiarities Strange or unusual qualities 20-21 knowledge or religious reasons 24-25 Bellows A device for blowing air on a
24-25
16-17 Penitentiary A prison for criminals 20-21 Predicament An unpleasant situation 24-25 flame in order for it to grow

16-17 Perish To be destroyed; die 20-21 Proceedings A particular course of action 24-25 Devout Devoted to divine worship or
20-21 24-25
16-17 Placid Pleasantly calm or peaceful; 20-21 Volition The act of making a conscious service
16-17 20-21
16-17 quiet 20-21 decision Duress Constant threat; coercion
16-17 20-21
16-17 Quarrel An angry dispute or 20-21 Wrathfully With great anger, hatred, or ill-will Hypocrite Someone who pretends to
16-17 20-21
disagreement 22-23 Acquit Declare someone innocent have virtues, moral or religious
16-17 22-23
Resignation The act of resigning, 22-23 Contraband Goods that are illegally beliefs, etc. That he or
16-17 22-23
withdrawing imported or exported she does not possess
16-17 22-23
Acrimonious Bitter, stinging, or caustic in Corrupting Causing to be immoral or Navigate To find one’s way
22-23
nature or speech dishonest Squalid Foul and repulsive; neglected

Corroborating Making more certain; double- Detachment Lack of interest or involvement Varmint An undesirable animal, usually

checking; conspiring Discreet Careful; good at keeping secrets a scavenger

Countenance Appearance; face Indicted Formally charged with a crime Veneer A thin surface layer

Frank Direct and unreserved in speech Perpetuated Made something last, go on Carcass The body of a human or animal

Grudge A feeling of resentment or Ill-will Temerity Reckless, offensive boldness

Gullet The oesophagus; throat Vengeance Punishment in return for a wrong

Lurched Staggered; stumbled Verdict A decision made by a jury

Profane Hold contempt for, usually Acquit Declare someone innocent

towards god or Aggravate To annoy or anger someone

sacred principles Appeal An earnest or urgent request

Scrutiny A thorough searching; a close Cynical Distrustful of human nature

examination or inquiry Diction Clarity when speaking; choice

Subpoena A summons for witnesses or of words

evidence before a court Fatalistic Resigning to fate; allowing

Acrimonious Bitter, stinging, or caustic in what happens to happen

nature or speech Fret To worry

08

The Formal Elements Key Terms specific to: 3D Colour Theory

Line Defines shape; the outer Sculptor: An artist who works in 3D. Colour: When light is reflected off an object, colour
edge of something. It can Carving: The sculptor removes unwanted material to is what the eye sees. There are primary colours and
vary in width, direction and create the form. Materials such as a block of wood, secondary colours.
length. stone, soap and other hard materials are used.
Modelling: The sculptor creates a form by building Warm colours: Colours that give the feeling of warmth –
it up. Clay, paper machê, and other soft materials red, orange, yellow.
are modelled into a sculpture. Modelling with clay is
Tone How dark or light a shape is. generally the first process for creating a cast metal Cool colours: Colours that give a cool feeling – blue,
sculpture. green purple.
Assembly or construction: The sculptor joins materials
Pattern A repeated shape or line. together. This is also additive sculpture. Materials Complementary WARM Red-Violet Violet COLD
such as steel, wood, and found materials are glued,
welded, or connected in some way to create a colours: Opposite Tertiary Secondary Blue-Violet
sculpture. colours on the colour
Bas Relief: Low level carving, modelling or assembling Red Tertiary
that is designed to be viewed from one angle.
Primary
Techniques specific to: Textiles
Texture The feel or appearance of wheel. Blue
a surface; how rough or Applique: A decoration made by cutting shaped of Red-Orange
smooth it is. fabric and sewing them to another piece of fabric Primary
with a zig zag stitch. Shade: When black is Tertiary
Collage: Layering fabric and papers together to
create an image, different textures or pattern. mixed with a colour Orange Blue-Green
Embellishment: a decorative detail or feature added to make it darker.
to something to make it more attractive. Secondary Tertiary
Stitch: A loop of thread that can connect fabric
Shape Can be in the form of pieces together. Tint: When white is Yellow-Orange Green
squares, circles, triangles, Fabric: Cloth produced by weaving or knitting textile mixed with a colour
rectangles, and ovals. fibres. to make it lighter. Tertiary Secondary
Surface decoration: Applying decorative stitches and
other embellishments to the surface of fabric. Yellow Yellow-Green
Fabric manipulation: Altering and changing the
appearance of fabric by using different methods such Primary Tertiary
as pulling the fibres, twisting and stitching.
Additional Key words Composition

Organic Free flowing or rounded, Composition: The arrangement/layout of shapes/
seemingly natural. objects on the page.

Geometric Refers to the shapes such as Proportion: The size and shape of one object in
triangles, squares, etc. comparison to another.

Symmetry Meaning it is equal on both Foreground, mid-ground, background: The areas
at the front middle or back of a drawing or
painting.

sides. Focal Point: The part of the artwork which stands
out and draws the eye.

Flat tones No tonal effect in the colour. Perspective: The way of showing that objects
appear to get smaller and closer together the
Distorted A shape that is changed further away they are from the viewer.
and no longer looks
proportioned. Symbol: A picture of an image Art
that tells a story of what it is 1 of 2
without using word.
Depth: The illusion of space.

09

Key Terms specific to: Art Three Words to Four Words to Five Words to Five Words to
Critique Movement Critique Tone Critique Shape Critique Scale
Mark making The different line, patterns and textures we
create in a piece of art. Movement is seen in When it comes to Art comes in various Scale is basically
every piece of art. tone in art there shapes whether it the size of the art.
Medium The media used to create the artwork. Movement helps to are four words that is a painting or a The words used to
create or define a can help you when sculpture. Therefore, critique scale are
Observational Closely studying objects. piece of art. critiquing. None of there are specific common words that
the words are fancy; words to describe are already in our
Collage An image that is created by using layers of 1. Swirling however they may each piece of art. vocabulary.
other images and/or materials. 2. Flowing not all be used
3. Dramatic in your everyday 1. Organic 1. Large
conversations with 2. Curvaceous 2. Small
Mixed Media Using a variety of different media to create friends. 3. Geometric 3. Intimate
an artwork. 4. Angular 4. Miniature
1. Subtle 5. Elongated 5. Monumental
2. Contrasting
Sculpture A 3D piece of artwork. 3. Muted
4. Dramatic
Realism Painted realistically.

Abstract Art which does not represent images of our
everyday world.

Techniques specific to: Photography Six Words to Three Words to Five Words to
Critique Colour Critique Contrast Critique Texture

Aperture The size of the hole which controls how In art colour is very important. Two out of the three words Texture is a very common
much light is allowed into the camera This is what helps each piece for contrast have already element with and often used
when taking a photograph. The higher the of art stand out. The colour, no been used to critique other when referring to clothing,
aperture the smaller the hole (less light). matter what type of artwork elements of art. Therefore, furniture and hair. Also, if you
helps define the piece and it should not be hard to have ever painted a wall in
Focus Areas of an image may be in focus (clear the artist. A lot of artwork can remember these words on your home you are most likely
and sharp) and some areas may be out of be determined on who did a list of descriptive words to familiar with the following
focus (blurry and difficult to see). the work just by looking at critique art. The only other words.
the colours, because certain word you need to remember
Focal Point The part of the photograph that the eye is artists use specific colours in here is the word strong and 1. Rough
immediately drawn to. every piece of their work. that is a pretty common word. 2. Fine
3. Smooth
Rule of thirds A technique used to create a successful 1. Bold 1. Dramatic 4. Coarse
composition. The rule states that the focal 2. Vibrant 2. Subtle 5. Uneven
point should not be dead centre. 3. Subtle 3. Strong
4. Pale Art
Leading lines The viewer’s eyes are naturally drawn 5. Earthy 2 of 2
along vertical and parallel lines. 6. Naturalistic

10

PANTOMIME PROJECT-DEVISED PANPTAONMTOIMMEIMPREOPJRECOTJ-EDCETV-DISEEVDISED Drama
1 of 2
War Project-Devised
WWAARRPPRROOJEJECCT-TD-DEVEVISIESDED

Stimulus A starting point for your devised piece that should
inspire the performance.

Structure The shape of a play’s narrative including the order in
which it’s shown.

Style The way in which a director chooses to interpret a
performance text on stage.

• Stimulus- A Starting point for your devised piece that shouldSiynmspbiroelitshme perTfhoermusaencoef props, gestures, setting, lighting etc to
• Structure The shape of a play's narrative including the order in which it's shroewpnresent other things and create meaning.
D Style-The way in which aPPAANdNTiOTrOMeMIcMtIEMoPRrEOcPJERhCOTo-DJoEECVsITeS-EDsDEtVoISiEnDterpret a perfFoorrmma nce text oTnhesttaygpee. of written drama.
•
OJECT-DEVISED
• CCGCSFc••••••••••••oyoohhrmerammoGCSFSSSGCSFSSSmerotyotttrytthhrrbayyririmeummeekrroommuu-llmmcoeedeerrsccbbuttTeuukuk--l-t-t:yoehoTTlilusushdtTutTuslh::lhr:hrehirhiAshesimseseseeeeA-aeaA-meAm.awTaAwTtgAttgttgdhtyhTOyrTaryrgrTarSrSeepeoehpyeeophohtyert.eaue.se.aueileisueinnhrgplnhroputo’upatiriwoafauosiwnnfposneepwfrfhegwosefahgettoireotwpcolifhroiepchflotihofiyffthttorpio:frtirepdaahnideridaaaAfnnr-totpndi-porttprdpppdfflieapetarodfdeliserarroeryysm,rranaesr-oyc,r'agpmsoyspc'ttgmepoysoadonteunaeeosonurnsaar.tsrnurwroau,c.ratneasrruchrdrgafrmahorehdroeorrateesacoiernovift,acvsatsioovssisoe,vhtA.eeitnssemsoreteuseisndenartftsitisdrwcnceetnrpoetilwcirgniuphdaoeeilsa,ngdoiuhtcyeni,lt,tinduioesnpcegtoltpiieegrrrhtnpegropheottgrrhttsivraophhtnstpeittiivredagwhtnneushiteedoagehtghlsueretoaoapeh,dcoxmureertoeptltdclrxirudorepigfeaottnloirrirdornrhnuifarenooimtsirtwpnrfnirpehivnoramhnswipaefriernpiodmrsegacnhcieerhrn1eeiatmdsencehctie6httteieeatteona'hotsctixxhtnpttiteetso'htheotshatxonprreoatobotsfnahe CC rohaopworerts1brou finphohnertmnoo wt8aitysopnrmutafghnttmhgotnherarieesn.uceetagrcnheganepmssdeesnd.cle odneayapitnnntlct aotdurignteoorc.daanyrttnceehodaIatmmetbciGaAeAaenoremolncmfamryggtoeeudnthemniretiretoinoamithnnengnkntouganrhi gannetptto.hesgttomrihoeoonapecfafnnatlahhodttdkchaerattreeiiacbaorras.adcrnmonteuc-ioudpoaasrtnteeteccwethorrohossarhm.omerfcaiOhnccsepmatthraenrlioogaernafscctein.itnrkneraatOaargcnstroltuih.lgdyonriaOnreacsrtrasiahlgowlfyhciemnhtauaaeaomflmltecryuaspteoart.ieuronuforentreovaaootifodufnnArreAedtncnhoechcafiexeaiAetnhr rntnaaactcipe t npe trys .
• Originally
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ogue which only involves two actors. Duologue A scene or section of dialogue which only involves
two actors.
hnicdhashhowaps pevyenetnsdfrionmg.before or after the main action of the play. It can give extra information about the plot or help to

e 16th to 18th century Italy that makes use of stock characters.

n a certain action needs to take place. Flashback/ A scene which shows events from before or after the
f la sh-forward main action of the play. It can give extra information
ween characters. about the plot or help to develop characters.
involves two actors.

ts from before or after the main action of the play. It can give extra information about the plot or help to

Drama 1 of 2 Year 9: February -July Page 7 Year 9: February -July
Page 7 Drama 1 of 2 Page 7 Year 9: February -July

Drama 1 of 2 Page 7 Ye1a1r 9: F

Drama
2 of 2

Genre The type of story a play is telling (e.g. comedy, Protagonist The main character in a story.
tragedy).
Gesture A movement made by part of the body (e.g. arms, Proxemics The use of physical space between the actors on
head) to convey a character’s emotions. stage to create meaning.
Improvisation When drama is made up on the spot by performers
without using any prepared material. Slapstick A type of comedy that features exaggerated
Mannerism A repeated physical or vocal habit that contributes movements and physical humour.
to characterisation.
Minimalist theatre A genre of theatre which uses a basic set and very Stage directions Any instructions written in a script by the playwright
few props or simple costumes. to explain how a play should be performed.
Minor character A character who isn’t important to the plot but who
adds depth to the world of the play. Stimulus A starting point for your devised piece that you
Musical theatre A style of theatre that uses song and dance to should use to inspire your performance.
develop the plot and entertain the audience.
Narrator A character who comments on the action and Stock character A character who is based on a stock personality.
the plot to the audience. The narrator can be
first-person (involved in the action) or third-person Structure The shape of a play’s narrative, including the order
(set apart from the action). in which it’s shown to the audience.
Physical theatre A non-naturalistic style of theatre which uses
physical movements to tell stories. Style The way in which a director chooses to interpret a
Plot The series of events that take place in a play. performance text on stage.

Supporting character A character who is important to the plot but isn’t
the audience’s main focus.

Tableau A moment in a performance when the action stops
and the characters freeze in position.

Thought tracking When a character tells the audience their thoughts
during a pause in the action.

Posture The position a character holds themselves in when Tragedy A genre of play which features a serious plot and
sitting or standing. an unhappy ending.

Promenade Theatre A style of theatre that requires the audience to Tragic hero The protagonist of a tragedy, whose flaws lead to
follow the actors between different performance their downfall (or death).
spaces over the course of the play. This usually Wings The space to the side of a stage which is used for
takes place outdoors. storage and as a waiting area for the actors.

Proscenium Arch A box-shaped stage which is set back from
stag e the audience so that only the front-end is open to
them, framed by the proscenium arch itself.

12

Sherlock Holmes English
1 of 3
Context
Key Characters - Scandal in Bohemia Key Vocabulary
Author: Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)
Nationality: Scottish Sherlock Holmes: a consulting detective who resides at 221b Baker Deduce: Arrive at a fact or a conclusion by reasoning;
Other notable works: ‘The Hound of the Baskervilles’, ‘The Sign of Street.  Assisted in his cases by his friend Dr. Watson. draw as a logical conclusion.
Four’,‘A Study in Scarlet’, ‘The Lost World’ Dr. Watson: the narrator of the story.  Sherlock Holmes’ friend who
Dates: ‘Scandal in Bohemia’ published in 1891 assists him with his cases. Recently married to a woman named Deduction: The process of reaching a decision or answer by
Era: Victorian Mary. thinking about the known facts.
Genre(s): Crime/Detective/Mystery Fiction Irene Adler: a central character who is respected for her intellect
Set: London, England and integrity. Reasoning: The action of thinking about something in a
Form: Short stories Count Kramm / King of Bohemia: a man of royal blood who hires sensible and logical way.
Sherlock Holmes.
Author biography Mr. Godfrey Norton: a gentleman and a lawyer. Red Herring: A clue or piece of information which is or is
Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland to a intended to be misleading or distracting.
prosperous Irish-Catholic family.
Attended a Jesuit boarding school in England from the age of nine. Suspect: A person thought to be guilty of a crime or
At school, he rebelled against the harsh regimes and corporal punishment typical of offence.
the English education system in that era.
Discovered his talent for storytelling at school, he would make up exciting stories Whodunit: A story or play about a murder in which the
to entertain the younger students, which offered an escape from the brutality of identity of the murderer is not revealed until
school life. the end.
Despite his obvious creative flair, Doyle chose to study medicine at Edinburgh
University. Key Terminology Idiosyncratic: A word to describe behaviour which is
At university, he met one of the most influential figures in his life, Dr. Joseph Bell. considered to be distinctive or peculiar. 
Bell was a master at observation, logic, deduction, and diagnosis; qualities which
were later to be found in the character of Sherlock Holmes. Incorrigible: Not able to be changed or reformed.
After medical school, he spent time travelling the world as a ship’s surgeon on a
whaling boat. Detective Fiction: A sub-genre of crime fiction and mystery Temperament: A person’s or animal’s nature/traits of
In 1879, his first stories were published. In 1887, his first Sherlock Holmes story, ‘A Study Literary fiction in which an investigator or a detective personality, which have a permanent impact on
in Scarlett’, was published in Mrs. Beeton’s Christmas Annual. Conventions: (professional, amateur or retired) investigates a their behaviour.
Sherlock Holmes stories were a huge success, making Doyle a household name. crime, often murder.
In 1893, Doyle killed off Holmes but a public outcry later made him bring him back Defining features of particular genres such as Faculties: A natural physical or mental power/an aptitude
to life. novel, short story, ballad, sonnet, and play. for doing something.
Knighted following the publication of a pamphlet he had written justifying Britain’s
involvement in the Boer War, a war that had killed his son, brother and two nephews. A type of narrative in which the narrator’s  Introspective: To look inward to examine or observe one’s own
In his later life he became very interested in spiritualism. thoughts, feelings, and knowledge of situations mental and emotional processes.
Died on 7th July 1930. closely follow one character’s perspective,
Third Person usually the main character’s but can switch Obstinacy: The quality or condition of being stubborn.
Social, Historical & Literary context Limited Narrative: between different characters in the text.
Literary Context: Detective Fiction
Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’ (1841) is considered the earliest Indiscretion: Behaviour that is indiscreet or lacks good
origins of detective fiction in the English speaking world. judgement.
Others have argued that the first true detective novel was Willkie Collins ‘The
Moonstone’ (1868). Protagonist: The central character or leading figure in a Carte Blanche: Complete freedom to act as one wishes.
Conan Doyle cemented the popularity of the genre with Sherlock Holmes. Holmes poem, narrative, novel or any other story. 
appeared in 56 short stories and 4 novels. Sometimes can also be referred to as a “hero” Inextricable: Impossible to escape from, or separate from.
Common features of detective fiction: by the audience or readers.
• A celebrated, skilled and professional detective. Disreputable: Not considered to be respectable in character
• Ineffective and bungling local police. or appearance.
• An ‘Inside’ job
• Red herrings Antagonist: A person who actively opposes or is hostile to Preposterous: Utterly absurd or ridiculous; contrary to reason or
• The ‘least likely suspect’. someone or something; an adversary. Perpetrator: sensible judgement.
• A large number of false suspects  
• The ‘least likely suspect’. Setting: The time and place in which the story takes place A person who carries out an illegal, harmful or
• A ‘locked room’ murder Symbolism: in a piece of literature.  Setting can establish the immoral act.
• A reconstruction of the crime mood or atmosphere of a scene or story.
• A final twist in the plot. The use of symbols to express ideas or qualities. Morose: Sullen and ill-tempered.

Tone: The choice of writing style the writer employs to Vagabonds: People who wander from place to place
convey specific feelings, emotions or attitudes. without a home or job.

Convulse: To suffer violent involuntary contraction of the
muscles, producing jerky movements of the
Exposition: Refers to part of the story used to introduce body or limbs.
background information about events, settings,
characters etc. to the reader. Notorious: Famous or well known, typically for some bad
quality or deed.
A related series of incidents in a literary plot that
Rising Action: build toward the point of greatest excitement/ Insolence: Rude and disrespectful.
interest.
Imprudence: Lacking discretion, wisdom, or good judgment.

Climax: The point of highest tension in a narrative. Scrupulous: Careful, thorough, and extremely attentive to
Falling Action: Occurs immediately after the climax, when the details.
main problem of the story has been resolved.

13

Poetry – Relationships Key Vocabulary

Context Alliteration The repetition of the same consonant sound, often Refrain A recurring phrase or set of lines.
Allusion at the beginning of words.
Writer/Poet: W.H. Auden (1907-1973) Assonance Rhyme Scheme The pattern of a poem’s rhyme, often identified using
Nationality: Anglo American Blank Verse An expression designed to call something to mind letters e.g. ABABCC
Poem: ‘Funeral Blues’ without mentioning it explicitly.
Era: 20th Century Contrast Rhythm The ‘movement’ of the poem as created through
Other notable poems/collections: Couplet The repetition of a vowel sound for emphasis. the meter and the way that language is stressed
Biography: within the poem. 
Poetry without rhyme but where the lines are always
Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York on 21 February 1907. of the same number of syllables; it is usually written Setting The description of the place in which a poem is set.
Graduated from Oxford University in 1928 and then became a in iambic pentameter.
teacher.   Simile A comparison that uses ‘like’ or ‘as’.
In 1935, Auden married Erika Mann, the daughter of the German Placing words, lines, verses etc. together to
novelist Thomas Mann. emphasise their differences. 
It was a marriage of convenience for her to gain British citizenship and Standard English The form of the English language which is widely
escape Nazi Germany. Auden was gay and homosexuality was illegal Two successive lines of verse of which the final words recognised as acceptable wherever English is
at the time. rhyme with another. spoken and understood.
In 1939, Auden and his friend, novelist Christopher Isherwood,
emigrated to the United States. This was controversial as some saw this Dialect A particular form of a language which is used by Stanza A group of lines forming a unit in a poem.
as them fleeing from danger before the outbreak of war. people in a specific region or social group.  The way a poem is organised.
In New York, Auden met poet Chester Kallman who he was in a Dialogue Structure The use of symbols to express ideas or qualities.
relationship with until his death. Diction A conversation between two or more people. The way in which sentences are structured.
Auden taught at a number of American universities and, in 1946, took   Symbolism
US citizenship. A poet’s choice of words such as verbs, adjectives to
He continued to publish poetry and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. create a particular effect. Syntax
In 1972, with his health declining, Auden left America to return to
Oxford. Enjambment The overlapping of a sentence onto the following Tone Feelings or ideas suggested by the language used
He died in his second home in Austria on 29 September 1973. Extended line, usually to emphasise a word or phrase at the Verse by the poet.
Metaphor start of a line or verse. Another word for poetry; a group of lines forming a
Poet: Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) A metaphor that is developed throughout a poem. unit in a poem, also known as a stanza.
Nationality: American
Poem: ‘Mushrooms’ Form The way a poem is set out, or a term used Volta A ‘turning point’ in a poem.
Other notable poems/collections: Free Verse to categorise poems which follow particular Villanelle
Era: 20th Century conventions. FORM
Biography: Poetry that does not have a regular pattern of
rhyme. A nineteen line poem consisting of five units of three
Born in Boston, USA in 1932. lines, rhymed or unrhymed, followed by a quatrain.
Published her first poem at the age of eight - the year her father died.
In 1950, received a scholarship to Smith College, Massachusetts and Half-Rhyme Partial rhyme, which occurs when similar but not Sonnet A poem that has 14 lines and a particular pattern of
then went to study at Cambridge University. identical sounds are repeated. rhyme (ABAB CDCD EFEF GG)
Suffered from mental health issues and spent time in a psychiatric
hospital, which formed the basis of her semi-autobiographical novel Iambic A line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting Elegy A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for
‘The Bell Jar’. Pentameter of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by the dead
Met fellow poet Ted Hughes at a party in Cambridge; they were Image one long (or stressed) syllable, with the accent (or A narrative poem which is typically written in short
married within three months. emphasis) placed on the second syllable. Ballad stanzas.
The couple went to teach in America, before deciding to commit to A poem in which an imagined speaker addresses a
writing full-time. A picture created with words, usually used to Dramatic silent listener, usually not the reader.
In 1960, gave birth to her first child, Frieda, and published her first book describe an imaginative comparison often using a Monologue
of poetry, ‘The Colossus’. simile or metaphor.
The poems she is best remembered for were written in the last few
months of her life. Irony The use of words to imply the opposite of, or
She took her own life in her London flat, aged 30. something different from what is being said.
Her last collection, ‘Ariel’, was published to critical acclaim after her
death. Juxtaposition When two or more ideas, images, words etc. are
placed side by side to develop comparisons and
14 contrasts.

Metaphor A comparison in which one thing is said to be
another.

Onomatopoeia The use of a word that sounds like its meaning.

Pace The speed at which a poem flows. English
2 of 3
Persona The ‘speaker’ in a poem who is a created character,
not the poet.

Personification The attribution of human feelings, emotions, or
sensations to an inanimate object.  

Romeo & Juliet Characters Themes and context

Plot Romeo Montague Intense, intelligent, quick witted, and Love – The love Romeo and Juliet share is beautiful and
loved by his friends. passionate. It is pure, exhilarating, and transformative,
Act 1 - In Italy two noble families, the Montagues and Capulets, Juliet Capulet Naive and sheltered at the and they are willing to give everything to it. But it is also
have much bad blood between them. Romeo, son of old beginning, develops into a woman chaotic and destructive, bringing death to friends,
Montague, is in love with Rosaline, who disdains his love. As a result, with strength. Grounded. family, and to themselves.
Romeo is depressed. To cure him of his love, his friend Benvolio Mercutio Romeo’s close friend. Wild, playful Fate – No matter what the lovers do, what plans they
induces him to attend a masked ball at the Capulets, where he and sarcastic. make, or how much they love each other, their struggles
could encounter other beauties and forget Rosaline. At the ball, Tybalt Juliet’s cousin. A hothead consumed against fate only help fulfil it. But defeating or escaping
Romeo is attracted by a girl who he learns is Juliet, daughter of the by issues of family honour. Hates the fate is not the point. No one escapes fate. It is Romeo
Capulets. They seal their love with a kiss. Montagues. and Juliet’s determination to struggle against fate in
Act 2 – Romeo lingers in Capulet’s garden, standing in the orchard Benvolio Romeo’s cousin. Less quick witted order to be together, whether in life or death. That
beneath Juliet’s balcony. He sees Juliet leaning over the railing, than Romeo and Mercutio, tries to shows the fiery passion of their love, and which makes
hears her calling out his name, and wishes that he were not a keep the peace. that love eternal.
Montague. He reveals his presence, and they resolve, after an Friar Lawrence A Franciscan monk and a friend to Individuals v society – Because of their forbidden love,
ardent love scene, to be married secretly. both Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet are forced into conflict with the social
Act 3 – Tybalt encounters Romeo returning from Friar Lawrence’s Nurse Juliet’s best friend and confidante, world around them: family, friends, political authority,
cell. Romeo, softened by his newfound love and his marriage to and in many ways is more her mother and even religion.
Juliet, refuses to be drawn into a quarrel with Tybalt, now his kinsman than Lady Capulet is. Language and word play – Romeo and Juliet constantly
by marriage. Mercutio grapples with Tybalt and is killed. Aroused to Prince Escalus Leader of Verona, concerned with play with language. They pun, rhyme, and speak in
fury by the death of his friend, Romeo fights with Tybalt and kills him keeping order between the warring double entendres. All these word games may seem
and takes shelter in the Friar’s cell. families. like mere fun, and they are fun. The characters that
Act 4 – In despair, Juliet seeks Friar Lawrence’s advice. He gives her pun and play with language have fun doing it. But
a sleeping potion, which for a time will cause her to appear dead. word play in Romeo and Juliet has a deeper purpose:
Thus, on the day of her supposed marriage to Paris, she will be rebellion.
carried to the family vault. By the time she awakens, Romeo will be
summoned to the vault and take her away to Mantua. Key Quotes
Act 5 – The Friar’s letter fails to reach Romeo. When he hears of
Juliet’s death Romeo procures a deadly poison from an apothecary Prologue – “Two households, both alike in dignity, in fair Tybalt – A3 Romeo, the hate I bear thee can afford no better
and secretly returns to Verona to say his last farewell to his deceased Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break term than this: thou art a villain.”
wife and die by her side. At Juliet’s side, Romeo drinks the poison to new munity, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. Romeo and Mercutio – A3 “Romeo: Courage, man; the hurt
and dies. When Juliet awakens from her deep sleep, she realises From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a par of star- cannot be much.
Romeo’s error and kills herself with his dagger. The Capulets and crossed lovers take their life”. Mercutio: No, ‘tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a
the Montagues decide to reconcile as a result of the deaths of their Romeo and Mercutio – A1 “Romeo: I dream’d a dream church-door; but ‘tis enough, ‘twill serve: ask for me
children. to-night. to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man.”
Mercutio: And so did I. Juliet – A4 “Or bid me to go into a new-made grave, And hide
Symbols Romeo: Well, what was yours? me with a dead man in his shroud.”
Mercutio: That dreamers often lie.” Juliet – A5 “Yea, noise, then I’ll be brief; O, happy dagger! This
Light/dark and day/night Juliet – A1 “My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early is thy sheath; there, and let me die.”
Romeo and Juliet is filled with imagery of light and dark. But while seen unknown. And known too late!” Romeo – A5 “O true apothercary! Thy drugs are quick. – Thus
light is traditionally connected with “good” and dark with “evil”, Romeo – A2 “But, soft! What light through yonder window with a kiss I Die. “
in Romeo and Juliet the relationship is more complex. Romeo and breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!”
Juliet constantly see each other as forms of light. In the balcony Juliet – A2 “O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? English
scene, Romeo describes Juliet as the sun, while Juliet describes Deny thy father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be 3 of 3
Romeo as stars. But the relationship between light and dark is but sworn my love, and I’ll no longer be a Capulet.”
complicated by the lovers’ need for the privacy of darkness in order
to be together.

15

French
1 of 2

Adverbs Wonderful ‘wow’ words Time connectives

Lentement Slowly Intelligent Intelligent Premièrement Firstly Deuxièmement Secondly
Joyeux Cheerful
Joyeusement Happily Radieux Radiant Après Next Brièvement Briefly
Grincheux/euse Grumpy
Etonnamment Surprisingly Effrayé Frightened Après After La semaine dernière Last Week
Animé Bustling
Précipitament Hurriedly  Utile Useful Puis / Ensuite Then Bientôt Soon
Passioné Passionate
Brutalement Brutally Ponctuel Punctual Soudainement Suddenly Il y a 2 ans Two years ago

Sans problème Smoothly Pendant ce temps meanwhile Il y a 2 jours Two days ago

Prudemment Carefully Quand When Finalement Eventually

Avec impatience Eagerly Depuis Since Au Final Finally

Tranquillement Leisurely  Avant Before

Extrêmement Extremely 

Time connectives

Addition Cause/effect Emphasis Contrast/Balance

Et And Alors Consequently  Surtout Above all Mais But
Aussi Also
De plus In addition to  Ainsi Thus En particulier In particular Cependant However
En outre Furthermore
Encore Again Donc So Particulièrement Notably / Néanmoins Nonetheless
Suivant(e) The following
Par Conséquent Therefore / As a Especially Ou bien/ Ou sinon Alternatively

result Considérablement Significantly Malgré Despite

Jusqu’à Until En fait / En réalité In fact Toujours Still

Au lieu de Instead of..

D’un côté…d’un autre côté
On one hand…On the other

16

Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 Révision

Je vais en vacances I go on holiday Mes droits My rights Les mots essentiels High frequency words

au bord de la mer to the seaside j’ai le droit de/d’ I am allowed to…. car for

á la campagne countryside aller au MacDo avec mes copains go to McDonald’s with my comme as
friends
á la montagne mountains lorsque when
aller sur des forums go onto forums
J’y vais… I go there... par contre on the other hand
aller sur Facebook go on Facebook
par exemple for example
avec ma famille with my family jouer à des jeux vidéo play video games
puisque since/as
J’y reste… I stay there … regarder la télé jusqu’à 11 heures watch TV until 11pm
si if
une semaine/ one week sortir seul(e) go out by myself
surtout especially
Je pars en colo I go to a holiday camp surfer sur internet une heure par jour surf the net for one hour per
avec qui? with whom?
Je pars en classe de neige I go on a winter camp day

Les conditions Conditions combien de? how much/how many?

On fait du camping We go camping si j’ai aidé à la maison if I have helped around the que?/ qu’est-ce que? what?
house
pourquoi? why?

Les activités vacances Holiday activities si j’ai fini mes devoirs if I have finished my y there
homework
Je fais… I do/go… quel(le)(s) which?/what
si j’ai mon portable sur moi if I have my phone on me
du canoë-kayak canoeing toujours always
si je renter avant dix heures du soir if I get back by 10pm
du VTT mountain-biking prochain(e)(s) next
si je veux if I want
du ski nautique water-skiing à mon avis in my opinion
si mes parents savent avec qui je suis if my parents know who I am with
du snowboard snowboarding au lieu de instead of
si mes parents savent où je vais if my parents know where I
de la plongée sous-marine scuba diving am avant tout above all

de la voile sailing Les reactions Reactions comment how

de la planchet à voile wind-surfing Mais ce n’est pas juste! But it’s not fair! complètement completely

de l’équitation horse-riding C’est tout à fait normal That’s quite right etre d’accord to agree

de l’escalade climbing Ce n’est pas du tout normal That’s not right at all franchement frankly

des randonnées dans la forêt hiking in the forest C’est fou! That’s crazy! malheureusement unfortunately

On te traite comme un enfant They are treating you like a malgré in spite of
child
Je vais à la pêche I go fishing même even

Je prends des cours de ski I have skiing lessons Mais révolte - toi! Rebel! plein de loads of

J’ai fait un stage de (voile) I did a (sailing) course Tes parents exagérent! Your parents are going too pour (+ infin) in order to
far
II n’y a pas grand-chase à faire There’s not much to do pourtant however
Les expressions avec avoir Expressions with avoir

Les affaires de vacances Holiday items avoir envie de to want to
un adaptateur an adaptor
un chargeur (pour mon mp3) a charger (for my mp3) avoir faim to be hungry
un chapeau de paille a straw hat
un tuba a snorkel avoir le droit de to be allowed to
un sac à dos a rucksack
une lampe de poche a torch avoir raison to be right
de la crème solaire sun cream
des lunettes de plongée (fpl) swimming goggles avoir soif to be thirsty
des palmes (fpl) flippers
avoir tort to be wrong

en avoir marre de to be fed up of

Des verbes utiles Useful verbs

acheter to buy French
2 of 2
adopter to adopt

17

Newly Emerging Economies Supporting countries to develop Consequences of the development gap

NEE: Newly Emerging Economy (those moving from Aid: Help. Inequality: Gap between rich and poor.
LIC to HIC). Emergency aid: Help given for short term, often after Slums: Informal housing, often made from scrap
HIC: Higher Income Country (e.g. Australia/Canada). natural disasters or outbreaks of diseases. material on undesirable land (also known as shanty
LIC: Lower Income Country (e.g. Somalia/Sierra Development aid (long-term aid): Help given for a towns).
Leone). longer time, often focusing on areas of need e.g. Migration: The movement of people from one area
Development: The progress made over time by a health, education. to another (often linked with rural to urban migration
country. International aid: Aid sent from abroad. E.g. UK in NEEs).
Poverty: People living without basic needs or income. sending international aid to Nigeria. Urbanisation: The growth in the proportion of people
Corruption: Dishonest or wrong doings by those in Bilateral aid: Help given from one country to another. who live in urban areas (linked to migration).
power. E.g. UK sending aid to India. Disparities in health: Gaps in health as poorer people
Quality of life: The social, economic and Multilateral aid: Help given when organisations work are unable to access vaccines or medicines.
environmental factors of life (E.g. health, together. E.g. The Disaster Emergency Committee
employment, income, building quality etc). who collected donations from countries to support India’s Industrial structure
Sanitation: The provision of, and access to, flushing after Nepal’s earthquake.
toilets, clean water etc. Self help schemes: Schemes that provide training and Primary: Work relating to raw materials.
materials to encourage people to improve their own Secondary: Manufacturing and industrial jobs.
India as an NEE standards of living. Tertiary: Jobs that provide a service.
Appropriate technology: Providing communities Quaternary: Research and development.
Bollywood: The Indian film industry (the biggest film with resources that are appropriate for their level of Industrial structure: The break down of the economy
industry in the world) development. E.g. A water pump to an LIC. into each sector (primary, secondary, tertiary,
Dharavi: The largest slum in Asia, located in Mumbai. Remittances: The money sent home – often from quaternary).
Caste system: The traditional class structure, migrants. Exports: The goods that are traded out of a country.
determined by birth. Debt relief: The partial or total wiping off of any debts Imports: The goods that are traded into a country.
Social segregation: The gap between the rich and paid (has been given to many Highly Indebted Poor
the poor (seen in many urban areas). Countries – HIPCS – globally e.g. Ghana, Ethiopia and 34% 42% Primary
Economic development: The progress that India are Haiti Secondary
making over time. Trade: Transfers of goods and services from one
Industrialisation: The focus of the economy on country to another. 24%
industry and manufacturing. Trading agreements: A deal made between
Globalisation: The increased interconnectivity of the countries.
world, linked to TNCs. Trading blocs: A group of countries or organisations
TNCS: Trans-national corporations. Large companies who work together to create deals for trade.
who work on a global scale. E.g. Nike or BT. Investment: Money that is put into a country to
support with business etc.
18
Geography
1 of 2

Resource Management

The UK’s resources Managing food insecurity Impacts of food insecurity

Consumption: How much is used (E.g. water, energy The Green Revolution: Water harvesting, soil Famine: Widespread shortage of food – often leading
and food consumption). conservation, using science to improve the quality of to starvation and death.
Water deficit: When demand for water is greater than crops and livestock, mechanisation. Rising prices: Demand on food increases which rises
supply. There is deficit in the South and East of the UK. Appropriate technology: Using cheap materials to prices of food, which leads to people being unable
Water surplus: When supply of water is greater than support LICs (E.g. Bicycle used to dehusk coffee to afford it.
demand. There is surplus in the North and West of the beans, or drip irrigation used in LICs). Soil erosion: Overuse of the soil by farmers growing
UK. Biotechnology: Using living organisms to increase crops & grazing animals means the soil loses fertility
Water security: Availability of a reliable water supply. crop output/yields. E.g. GM. and is unusable.
Water stress: When there is a greater demand than Aeroponics: Spraying plants with fine water Undernutrition: Lack of a balanced diet leading to
supply of clean water - when water is restricted. This containing nutrients constantly and reusing water. illnesses (negative multiplier)
is sometimes experienced in the South and East of Hydroponics: Constant supply of water and light. No Social unrest: Rioting or arguments over resources as
the UK. soil needed – mineral wool used instead. there is not enough of them.
Water transfer schemes: The movement of water The Indus Basin Irrigation System: The largest irrigation
from areas of surplus to areas of deficit (E.g. Elan system (watering) in the world – it consists of 3 Sustainable food supply
Valley in Wales to Birmingham). large dams, and over a hundred smaller dams that
Carbon footprint: The amount of carbon dioxide regulate water flow. Sustainable food supply: Producing food in a way
released per person (can link to food miles). that fertile soils, water and environmental resources
Seasonal food production: A focus on seasonal crops Global food resources are available for future generations.
rather than imported crops Fish from sustainable sources: Set catch limits
Arable farming: Crops. Popular areas in the UK are Food security: Access to sufficient, safe, nutritious (quotas), monitor breeding.
Lincolnshire and East Anglia. food to maintain a healthy life. Meat from sustainable sources: Free range, small
Pastoral farming: Animals. Food Insecurity: Being without a reliable access to scale, organic.
Agribusiness: Intensive farming used to maximise enough affordable nutritious food. Permaculture: Permanent farming. Encouraging
profits. Food surplus: When countries produce more food bees, harvesting rainwater, crop rotation.
Organic farming: Farming without chemicals. than the population needs. Urban farming: Using land/space in settlements to
Energy demand: The amount of energy needed to Food deficit: When countries do not produce enough grow food (good for community).
provide for a population. for their population. Magic stones: Lines of stones are placed in fields
Energy security: Having enough energy to provide for Food Miles: The distance travelled by food. (arid/ LICs) to stop surface runoff – low tech
a population. Irrigation: How we water crops. This can be large management technique.
Fossil fuels: Coal, gas and oil. These are non- scale with dams and reservoirs, or small scale with Sand dams: Small scale dams built to collect
renewable. drip irrigation. sediments eroded during rainfall, these sediments
Renewable energy: Energy that doesn’t run out (e.g. contain water for later use – low tech management
solar, wind, biomass, tidal, hydro). technique.
Fracking: The process used to source shale gas from
rocks under the ground. 19

Geography
2 of 2

German
1 of 2

Adverbs Wonderful ‘wow’ words Time connectives

Langsam Slowly Intelligent Intelligent Erstens Firstly Kurzzeitig Briefly

Glücklich Happily Fröchlich Cheerful Danach Next Letzte Woche Last Week

Überraschen Surprisingly Strahlend Radiant Nachdem After Nach Einiger Zeit After A While

Eilig Hurriedly Schimmernd Shimmering Dann Then Bevor Before

Brutal Brutally Mürrisch Grumpy Bald Soon Vor 2 Jahren Two Years Ago

Problemlos Smoothly Erschrocken Frightened Plozlich Suddenly Vor 2 Tagen Two Days Ago

Vorsichtig Carefully Trubelig Bustling Inzwischen Meanwhile Letztendlich Eventually

Eifrig Eagerly Nützlich Useful Wann When Schlieblich Finally

Gemächlich Leisurely Leidenschaftlich Passionate Seit Since

Irrsinnig Insanely Pünktlich Punctual Zweitens Secondly

Time connectives

Addition Cause/effect Emphasis Contrast/Balance

Und and Infolgedessen consequently Vor Allen Dingen above all Aber but
Dadurch thus
Auch also So so Besonders in particular Jedoch however
Deshalb therefore
Auberdem furthermore Demzufolge as a result Insbesondere notably Nichtsdestotrotz nothingless
Bis until
Zusatzlich in addition to Hauptsachlich especially Beziehungsweise alternatively

Wieder again Bedeutend significantly Trotz despite

Nachfolgend the following Sogar in fact Trotzdem still

Stattdessen instead of…

Zum eine

on one hand…on the other

20

Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 (Revision)

Meine Kindheit My childhood Ab…jahren darf man ... From…are you allowed to ... Als when
Paintball spielen Go paintballing
Als ich fünf Jahre alt war, ... When I was five years old Einen teilzeitjob haben have a part time job Jünger younger
Einen lottoschein kaufen buy a lottery ticket
Als ich klein, ... When I was little Den namen ändern change your name Hatte/hatten had
Die Schule verlassen leave school
Als ich jünger war When I was younger Ein piercing haben have a piercing War/waren was/were
Ein mofa fahren ride a moped
Hatte ich ein tolles Rad I had a great bike Ein kind adoptieren adopt a child Es gab there was/were
Bis 24 uhr in discos oder clubs bleiben be out at a disco or a club
Hatte ich eine komische Mütze I had a funny cap until midnight Musste/mussten had to
Blut spenden give blood
Hatte ich einen kleinen VW I had a small VW Ohne Eltern in den Urlaub fahren go on holiday without your Durfte/durften was allowed to/were
parents allowed to
Hatte ich viele Kuscheltiere und Puppen I had many soft toys and Sich tätowieren lassen have a tattoo
dolls Heiraten get married Konnte/konnten could
Mit Einwilligung der Eltern with parental consent
War ich nicht modisch I was not fashionable Ohne Einwillingung der Eltern without parental consent Grundschule und sekundarschule Primary and secondary
Es gibt keine Altersgrenze There is no age limit
War mein Teddybär mein Lieblingsspielzeug my teddy was my favourite Welches ist das glücklichste land? Which is the happiest Wir haben viele Hausaufgaben we have lots of homework
toy country?
Das glucklichste land the happiest country Wir hatten keine Hausaufgaben we had no homework
Mein lieblingsesessen my favourite food Das reichste land the richest country
Das sicherste land the safest country Wir mussen das klassenzimmer bleiben we had to stay in one
Mein lieblingshobby my favourite hobby Das gesundest land the healthiest country classroom
…hat den besten lebensstandard …has the best quality of life
Mein lieblingskleidungsstück my favourite item of clothing Was ist dir wichtig? What is important to you? Est gibt ein schwimmbad theres a swimming pool
…ist mir das wichtigste …is the most important thing
Erinnerungen memories to me Es gab kein schwimmbad there’s was no swimming pool
…ist mir witchtig is important to me
Früher und heute then and now gute noten good grades Die sekundarschule hat the secondary school has
Mein hund my dog
Mit welchem Alter konntest du…? At what age could you…? ausschlafen to lie in Die Lehrer und lehrerinnen sind streng The teachers are strict
…ist mir wichtig, weil… …is important to me,
Mit sechs Monaten ... At six months old ... because Die klassenzimmer sind großer The classrooms are bigger
Ich Arzt werden möchte I want to become a doctor
Mit einem Jahr ... At one year old ... Sie mich glücklich macht it makes me happy Die klassenzimmer waren bunter The classrooms were more
Es spaß macht it’s fun colourful
Mit zwei Jahr ... At two years old ... Ich fit bleiben will I want to stay fit
Er mein bester freund ist he’s my best friend Meine klassenkameraden My classmates
Konnte ich I could Meine Freunde sind mir das wichtigste My friends are the most
important thing to me Er war der ... He was the ...
Lächeln smile Meine Freunde sind mir wichtig my friends are important to
me Sie war die ... She was the ...
Laufen walk Die sicherheit security/safety
Älteste oldest
Sprechen talk
Größte tallest
Meinen Namen schreiben write my name
Kleinst smallest
Lesen read
Intelligenteste most intelligent
Rad fahren ride a bike
Sportlichste sportiest
Die uhr lesen tell the time
Lauteste loudest
Was durftest du machen What were you allowed to
do? Musikalischte most musical

Ich durfte ... I was allowed to ... Ungepflegteste scruffiest

Ich durfte nicht ... I was not allowed to ... Frechste cheekiest

Ich musste ... I had to ...

Ich durfte alleine in die Schule gehen I was allowed to go to school
on my own

Ich durfte nicht alleine in die stadt gehen I was not allowed to go to
town on my own

Ich durfte (k)ein Handy haben I was (not) allowed to have a German
mobile phone 2 of 2

Ich durfte keine schokolade essen I was not allowed to eat 21
chocolate

The Causes of WW2 and Nazi Germany Key Dates

Appeasement Allowing something to happen or accepting demands to avoid conflict. 1929
The Wall Street Crash = Great
Aryan Race Hitler believed some Europeans (Germans) were descended from the ancient
‘Aryan’ race, which he believed was racially superior. Depression
30 Jan 1933
Chancellor Like a prime minister. Hitler becomes Chancellor of

Dictator A single strong leader who has complete power Germany
Aug 1934
Fascism A political belief that includes ideas such as democracy is weak, there should Hitler becomes dictator ‘fuhrer’
be no elections. Fascists are also nationalistic, militaristic and against of Germany
communism.
1935
Gestapo Nazi secret police. Hitler carries out a rally to show off
how he has built up his armed forces
Goebbels Head of Nazi propaganda.
March 1936
Lebensraum ‘living space’. Hitler believed Germany should take back land lost in the Treaty Hitler remilitarises the Rhineland
of Versailles.
March 1938
Militaristic Prioritising the armed forces over other parts of society. Hitler successfully joined with Austria

Nationalist Believing strongly in your own country. (Anschluss)
1938
Nazi-Soviet Pact 23 August 1939, Hitler and Stalin made a promise not to go to war with each
other and (secretly) promised to invade Poland and split it between them. Hitler invades the Sudetenland of
Czechoslovakia
NSDAP Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party). March 1939

Police State A country where the government uses the police to spy on people and stamps Hitler invades the rest of
out any opposition. Czechoslovakia

Propaganda Communications designed to mislead people by giving a very biased view e.g. 1 September 1939
posters/films. Hitler invaded Poland

Reichstag The name given to the German parliament. 3 September 1939
France and Britain declare war on
Remilitarisation Building up military resources.
Germany
Rhineland An area of Germany bordering France.
History
SS Schutzstaffel (protection squad). Elite Nazi troops who also helped to run 1 of 2
concentration and extermination camps in Nazi Germany.

22

The Holocaust History Key Dates
2 of 2
1190
Anti-Semitism Hostility directed against Jewish people. Jews were blamed for a fire in York and sought
refuge in Clifford’s Tower. There was a massacre
Boycott When people refuse to buy or use something to make a point. of the Jews who were inside the castle by angry

Blood Libel The accusation in the Middle Ages that Jews had committed ritualistic murders. Christians
1290
Bystander Someone who has seen or heard an event but not actively took part.
King Edward I ordered all Jews to leave England
Concentration camps A prison usually for political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities e.g (Edict of Explusion). They were only allowed to return
Jews. In Nazi Germany, they were overcrowded with poor conditions and
prisoners had to do hard labour. in 1656
1905
Death camps Camps like Auschwitz-Birkenau where prisoners were often murdered using gas
chambers. The ‘Aliens Act’. Britain tried to reduce the number of
Jewish migrants into Britain
Einstazgruppen SS killing squads who were given the task of murdering Jews and other minorities/ 30 January 1933
political opponents.
Hitler became Chancellor of Germany
Final Solution The term given to the Nazi plan to murder all European Jews. 1 April 1933

Ghettos Walled off areas of cities in which Jews were made to live in terrible, overcrowded When the Nazis ordered a boycott of all Jewish shops
conditions e.g. Warsaw Ghetto where there were 400,000 Jews in 1.3 square miles. 1935

Genocide The deliberate killing of a group of people e.g. of a specific nation or race. The Nuremberg Laws
1936
Heinrich Himmler Head of the SS and later the all police forces in Germany. Worked closely with
Hitler and made the decisions that led to the Holocaust. Berlin Olympic Games
1938
Kindertransport A rescue attempt by the British government (1938-39) that brought about 10,000 
Jewish children to Britain. Jews had to have a ‘J’ stamped on their passport
7 November 1938
Kristallnacht ‘Night of Broken Glass’. Nazi thugs robbed and smashed 7,000 Jewish businesses,
homes, schools. 250 synagogues burned down. Kristallnacht (See glossary)
September 1939
Nuremberg Laws Laws passed by the Nazis that put restrictions on Jews. E.g. forbidden from WW2 began
marrying Aryans, stripped of their right as German citizens. September 1941

Perpetrator A person who played a role in the formulation or carrying out harmful actions Jewish people over 6 years old had to wear a
(against Jews). yellow star

Persecution Mistreatment of an individual or group. Janurary 1942
Wansee Conference. Nazi officials met to work out
Pogrom Violent attacks directed against an ethnic minority, such as Jews. the ‘Final Solution’ of the ‘Jewish Problem’. This led to

Synagogue A Jewish place of worship. the final stage of the Holocaust
April 1943
Reinhard Heydrich Oversaw the development of the ‘Final Solution’ and chaired the Wansee
Conference. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
27th Jan 1945

Russia liberates (frees) Auschwitz
1945-1949

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
1991

War Crimes Act. Those who became British citizens
after the war could be tried for any alleged war
crimes between 1933-1945

23

IT 1 of 2 Page 20 Year 9: September to January

ritical Success Factor Critical SuA csocurecessstaFbalecwtooulrd include the 2. Slide Master Slide Master

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24 Hyperlink <a href="http://mywebsite.com">mywebsite </a>
Font Style <font face="Arial">example</font>
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1. The Project Life Cycle Key Words 2. Inputs & Outputs of the Project Life

Cycle

The Project Life Cycle refers to the Contingency: Time in a project plan that has no tasks

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of the Project Life
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• The end of phase reviews can be carried o

To up-level your writing, you must Rhetorical Questions Complex sentence openers Literacy
• Use a wide range of punctuation Do you think that…? • Although (it was incredibly cold...), 1 of 2
• Organise sentences into clearly-structured paragraphs, linking ideas in a Don’t you think that…? • Even though Sam was in the company of his family,
Isn’t it time to…? • Despite achieving 100% in the exam,
sophisticated way Have you ever thought about…? • When there was torrential rain,
• Include longer sentences with appropriate connectives Haven’t you always longed for…? • Since I began my journey,
• Include description, choosing ‘wow’ words to describe things (think of the 5 senses) Why is it (that)…? • If you build this house using only wood,
• Use a variety of simple, compound and complex sentences - try some adverbial When should we…? • As soon as he finished the chapter,

openers

Adverbial openers + comma Wonderful ‘Wow’ Words Time Connectives for Sequencing

Slowly Immediately Wonderful Important Bustling Firstly/First of all When (Four) years ago
Briefly Eagerly Splendid Useful Noxious Then Since Eventually
Happily Tenderly Fantastic Useless Fragrant Next Secondly Finally
Clumsily Strictly Marvellous Incredible Shadowy After Briefly Last week/year
Rudely Cautiously Valuable Bustling Icy Soon After a while
Surprisingly Regretfully Blissful Deafening Fiery Suddenly Before
Patiently Thankfully Elated Rowdy Punctual Meanwhile (Two) years ago
Anxiously Horrendously Cheerful Blaring Infantile
Enthusiastically Suspiciously Quick-witted Thunderous Mature Said Words
Mournfully Unbelievably Intelligent Putrid Colourful
Gradually Leisurely Smooth Faraway Colourless Shouted Pleaded Confessed
Hurriedly Insanely Luscious Remote Odourless Exclaimed Assured Declared
Wearily Majestically Appetising Loathsome Painful Whispered Pleaded Grumbled
Erratically Recently Delectable Grainy Painless Bellowed Advised Insisted
Brutally Graciously Radiant Polished Magnified Highlighted Boasted Joked
Smoothly Savagely Shimmering Mediocre Gigantic Addressed Bragged Muttered
Sweetly Lovingly Transparent Sweltering Enormous Answered Cautioned Remarked
Hatefully Longingly Translucent Frosty Miniscule
Carefully Meekly Triangular Steamy Worthless
Spherical Frightened Impatient
Elliptical Petrified Surprising
Sizzling Miserable Glorious
Scented Grumpy

Connectives -ing words (as openers)

Addition Cause/Effect Emphasis Contrast/Balance As for Seething Looking Skimming
And Consequently Above all But The opposite Touching
Also Thus In particular However Still Fuming Planting Painting
Too So Notably Nevertheless Instead of Fleeting
Furthermore Hence(forth) Specifically Alternatively On the other hand Watching Running Rushing
Moreover Therefore Especially To turn to Whereas Dreaming
In addition (to) Accordingly Significantly Yet Otherwise Glancing (around) Walking Creating
Again Since More importantly Despite this Apart from
The following Until Indeed On the contrary Although Raging Dancing
As a result In fact As for
26 Grabbing Singing

Grasping Scanning

High frequency words - Year 9 Literacy ‘Must Know’ words

Ask Asked Began Being Brought Can’t Will With
Change Coming Didn’t Does Don’t Found
Heard I’m Knew Wednesday Thursday
Goes Gone Might Opened Jumped Started
Know Leave Thought Told Show Turned February March
Stopped Thing Walked Walking Tried Write
Used Walk Almost Always Watch Before August September
Woke Woken Every First Any Morning
Better During Number Often Half Second Yellow Blue
Much Never Suddenly Today Only Upon
Sometimes Young Above Until Along Would Your
While Still Below Between Across Different
Also Year Inside Near Both Outside Friday Saturday
Following Around Round Such Other Together
Place High Without Baby Birthday April May
Under Right Clothes Garden Through Happy
Brother Where Sure Swimming Balloon Word October November
Head Children Earth Eyes Great
Work Something Lady Light Those Fair Green Orange
Friends World Sister Small Father Mother
Own Important Window Money White Monday Tuesday
Whole Paper Sound
Why Sunday January

June July

December Red

Pink Purple

Literacy
2 of 2

27

Notation Mathematics 1 of 3 Definitions Page 24 Year 9: February to JIunldye
a x a x a = a3 and a + a + a = 3a
Equation - An equation is When dividing, s

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+egds, =gsn8le = rxn8le xivrn ei2ee c ieaeybei enybi ta=t?=n,sn=,aogoondpa=nadnp=asn5ixehiu.hrg.rrr)=s=nsx?ne v efrr-eple+an=+ es nessnbsiuuu, e 2eetestgge m erxx ? r? iin44 n .ia3neth h b b 1 de,n,vvbl 4 4 rfrvY77 i i eedioall sa2bdttnnss aaeevs n (eet aae cce r rp× × xsxh b r i iviv:cd:odd d a8waw+nesnwiv+va oe tprtpotot = =d td l c ce t +t u ve ee ebthrhs 2-s nneol5slrtrtth==veesv8t=t=xahxae5/ceabxaW 9i taheetah nt ds tep )tbh=dtehs hns nd:e sde si sw, c pm sete sei.eg i p,4 h +F,h m n tnpaaoi paaoin e m op eomi ee oph e oe r4o s wtu rorobbswoonbbbixsnucwueevtwuln?ewtpraeawaraaerlecilentdtpterdttrxusddersdditieoebriotstplrel:opeyrsyaggh:rss ggmislr ::rslsnf:yra eerfny:eeai i:oi: (ytnn: rrtnu rrc o.n o.×d td lk otw w e t it hp )Jrht r uie s=l iet y tle=yve=aivna yra y

Into double brackets

Perimeter, Area and Measures Area formulae (Area is given in the units ‘ 2 ’) Solving Linear equations Solving equations with fractions involved
Perimeter
The total distance around the Rectangle W Triangle Multistep solving Write the equation Aim to get rid of the denominator first by multiplying
outside of a shape. h Subtract 4 from both sides
7x + 4 = 25 Simplify Multiply both sides by 3
5cm L b 7x + 4 - 4 = 25 - 4 Divide both sides by 7
7x = 21 Simplify Subtract 5 from both sides
2cm Area = length x width = L x W x base x height = 7x ÷ 7 = 21 ÷ 7
x=3
2cm Parallelogram Area =
5cm 3cm
Unknowns on both sides
a Divide both sides by 2
9x + 14 = - 7x + 12
Trapezium
9x + 7x + 14 = - 7x + 7x + 12 Add 7x to both sides

3cm hh 16x + 14 = 12

Add up the lengths of ALL sides: 16x + 14 - 14 = 12 - 14 Take 14 from both sides
2+2+3+3+5+5=20cm
b b Divide both sides by 16
Metric conversions Area = (a + b) x height = (a + b)h
Area = base x hight = bh x = - 0.13
10mm = 1cm The area of this shape
100cm = 1m Equals The area of these two
1000m = 1km
2cm 2cm Angle fact Parallel lines: Corresponding Linear inequalities
100cl = 1L 3cm Regular polygons angles are equal These are solved like linear equations
1000ml =1L One exterior angle of a Parallel lines: Co-interior
1000g = 1kg 6cm 3cm 6cm regular polygon= (supplementary) angles add
360o ÷ number of sides up to 180 degrees
The area of this Interior angle + exterior 2x - 4 < 18
angle = 180o so to find the +4 +4
value of one interior angle
4cm shape: 4cm 180o - exterior angle
= (6 x 4) + (2 x 3) Parallel lines: Alternate
= 24 + 6 angles are equal 2x < 22
= 30cm2 x < 11

Area conversions x100 ÷100 (10mm) When you have two inequality signs
cm mm cm mm 1cm used you must balance all involved
1cm2 = 100mm2 x10 000 ÷10 000
cm m A = 1cm2 (1cm) 130o 110o 31< 3x + 1 < 49
1m2 = 10 000cm2 m cm 50o 70o -1 -1 -1
A = 100mm2 10mm
Subtract 1 from each part

Angles in a triangle add up Vertically opposites angles 30 < 3x < 48
to 180 degrees are equal
1km2 = 1 000 000m2 Divide each part by 3
A square 1cm by 1cm is equivalent to a square with 10mm by 10mm a 75o
10 < x < 16
bc 105o 105o
a + b + c = 180o This can be placed on a number line
Time conversions 75o
O = > or < and O = > or <

x60 x60 x24 Example: Angles around a point add Angles on a straight line add 10 15 20
1 min = 60 secs 1 hour = 60 mins 1 day = 24 hours Convert 1 hr 36 mins up to 360 degrees up to 180 degrees
into hrs. Mathematics
÷60 ÷60 ÷24 60 mins + 36mins = 53o 180o 2 of 3
96/60 = 1.6hrs 87o 80o
150o
140o 30o

29

Circles Volume Pythagoras’ Theorem in isosceles triangles
Formula: Volume of a cuboid
Circumference: distance Segment Length x width x depth Use Pythagoras’ Theorem to
around the outside of a CDhiaomrdeter Volume of a triangular prism: calculate the height h of this
circle Area of the triangular face x isosceles triangle.
depth
Radius: distance from the Arc Volume of a cylinder: 5.8cm
centre of the circle to the πr2 x height
circumference Sector Volume of a sphere π h
Radius

Diameter: distance across Tangent Centre Circumference 8cm
the width of the circle
through the centre Using Pythagoras’ Theorem in half of the
isosceles triangle, we have...
Chord: line segment with
two endpoints on the 5.8cm h h2 + 42 = 5.82
circle 4cm h2 = 5.82 - 42
h2 = 33.64 - 16
Tangent: straight line that touches the circle at a single h2 = 17.64
point h = 17.64
h = 4.2cm
Area and circumference

Area of a circle Pythagoras’ Theorem
= π x radius2

Diameter Radius Circumference of a Formula
circle = π x diameter
A2 + B2 = C2 C2 = 5 X 5 = 25

Remember that the Finding missing sides: A2 = 4 X 4 = 16
diameter = 2 x radius To find the hypotenuse (opposite the right
angle, always the longest side) you square
Formula: Area = πr2 Diameter = πd or 2πr the two short sides and ADD them. 45
Length of arc and Arc Length = Example: 3
area of sector
B2 = 3 X 3 = 9

7cm = 3.667cm leg2 + leg2 = hypotenuse2 He found that the Areas of the two side squares add up to
30o Area of Sector = a2 + b2 = c2 equal the Area of the long sloping “Hypotenuse” square.
122 + 92 = c2
144 + 81 = c2 E.g. 16 + 9 = 25
225 = c2
Leg hypotenuse Finding missing sides:
a = 12 c=? 225 = c 2 To find a shorter side.
15 = c Hypotenuse2 – short side2
Mathematics = 12.83cm2 leg Example: x2 = 102 – 82
3 of 3 b=9 Hypotenuse = 15 inches
x2 = 100 – 64
30 x2 = 36

Live Lounge Ensemble Project Music
1 of 2

Form and Structure The different sections of a piece of music or song and how they are ordered.

Intro The introduction sets the mood of a song, it is often instrumental but can occasionally start with lyrics.

Verses Verses introduce the song’s theme. They are usually new lyrics for each verse which helps to develop the song’s narrative, but the melody is
the same in all verses.

Pre-Chorus A section of music that occurs before the CHORUS which helps the music move forward and “prepare” for what is to come.

Chorus All the choruses have the same lyrics. This section relays the main message of the song and this part of the song is repeated identically each time
with the same melody and music (although this sometimes changes key before the CODA to add drama).

Modulates Change key.

Middle 8/Bridge This section adds some contrast to the verses and choruses by using a different melody and chord progression.

Instrumental Solo Solos are designed to show off instrumentalists’ skills. Rock, jazz and blues often feature solos on instruments such as piano, saxophone, guitar
and drums. Sometimes the Middle 8/Bridge features an instrumental solo.

Coda/Outro The final section of a popular song which brings it to an end (Coda is Italian for “tail”!).

Melody The main tune of a popular song, often sung by the LEAD SINGER or sometimes played on instruments within the band e.g. LEAD GUITAR. A melody
can move by STEP using notes that are next to or close to one another, this is called CONJUNCT MOTION, or a melody can move by LEAPS using
notes that are further apart from one another which is called DISJUNCT MOTION. The distance between the lowest pitched and highest pitched
note in a melody is called the MELODIC RANGE.

Chord A group of two or more pitched notes played at the same time.

Bass Line The lowest pitched part of a song, often performed by bass instruments such as the BASS GUITAR. The bass line provides the harmonies on which
the chords are constructed.

Accompaniment Music that accompanies either a lead singer or melody line – often known as the “backing” – provided by a band or BACKING SINGERS.

Lyrics The words of a song performed/sung by the singer or backing singers.

Texture Layers of sound combined to make music – in a pop song this could be the bass line, chords and melody.

Hook A ‘musical hook’ is usually the ‘catchy bit’ of the song that you will remember. It is often short and used and repeated in different places
throughout the piece.

Riff A repeated musical pattern often used in the introduction or in the MIDDLE 8/BRIDGE or INSTRUMENTAL SOLOS of a song. RIFFS can be rhythmic,
melodic or lyrical, short and repeated.

Instrumentation Pop Bands often feature a DRUM KIT to provide the rhythm along with ELECTRIC GUITARS (LEAD GUITAR, RHYTHM GUITAR and BASS GUITAR) and
KEYBOARDS. Sometimes ACOUSTIC INSTRUMENTS are used such as the PIANO or ACOUSTIC GUITAR. ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS are often found
in pop songs such as the STRINGS, SAXOPHONE, TROMBONE and TRUMPET. Singers are essential to a pop song - LEAD SINGER – Often the “frontline”
member of the band (most famous) who sings most of the melody line to the song. BACKING SINGERS – Support the lead singer providing
HARMONY and don’t sing all the time but just at points within a pop song.

31

Live Lounge Ensemble Project Music
2 of 2
Typical pop song structure:
• Intro Notes from MIDDLE C going up in
• Verse 1 Every Green Bus Drives Fast Notes in the SPACES spell “FACE” pitch (all of the white notes) are

• Verse 2 called a SCALE
• Chorus
• Verse 3 CDEFGABC D E F
• Chorus The 4 chords commonly used in
• Bridge/middle 8 EGBDF FACE
pop songs are:
• Chorus I - C major
• Coda V - G major
Tempo in Italian VI - A minor
The Elements of Music IV - F major
Largo Adagio Andante Allegro Presto
C major
Pulse: The beat of music. Every piece of music has a heartbeat. Very Slow Slow Walking Pace Fast Very Fast
It doesn’t need to be played by drums - you can ‘feel’ the CD E F GABCD E F GAB C
beat. Dynamics in Italian
G major
Rhythm: Notes have different lengths, some long, some short. Pianissimo Piano Mezzo Piano Mezzo Forte Forte Fortissimo
When we combine long and short sounds it creates a pattern, Very Quiet Quiet Medium Medium Loud Loud Very Loud CD E F GABCD E F GAB C
which is a rhythm. Quiet
A minor
Pitch: Pitch is a variation of high and low sounds. Pitch increases Crescendo Diminuendo
and decreases by step of a scale. Scales are Major and Minor. Gradually getting louder Gradually getting quieter CD E F GABCD E F GAB C

Tempo: Tempo means the speed of the music. Music can Rhythm Symbols and Values F major
change tempo within a piece. We describe tempo using Italian
words. CD E F GABCD E F GAB C

Dynamics: Dynamics means the volume of the music. Music
can change dynamics within a piece. We describe dynamic
using Italian words.

Structure: Music is divided into sections. The order of these Semibreve Minim Crotchet Quaver Semiquaver
sections creates a structure. Song structure includes Chorus, 4 beats 2 beats 1 beats 1/2 beat 1/4 beat
Verse, Instrumental etc.

Texture: A single melody creates a thin sound. Adding more Rhythms into Syllables
parts/layers creates a bigger sound. These layers can interact
with each other.

Timbre: Each instrument has a unique sound and sounds
different to others. This individual sound quality is called Timbre.

Tea Coffee Lemonade Coca-Cola Pineapple

32

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM Cardiac Values Breathing Values

The main functions of the cardio-vascular and respiratory systems are Stroke Volume: Volume of blood Breathing Frequency: Numbers of
to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and to remove pumped of the heart per beat. breaths per minute.
carbon dioxide and lactic acid from the muscles. Tidal Volume: Volume of air inhaled
Heart Rate: Number of beats or exhaled per breath.
Capillary bed of lungs where per minute. Minute Ventilation: Volume of air
gas exchange occurs inhaled or exhaled per minute.
Cardiac Output: Volume of blood
Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Pulmonary Veins pumped by the heart per minute. BF X TV = MV
circulatory system
All increase during exercise
Venae cavae Aorta and branches SV X BR = CO
Right atrium
Left atrium All increase during exercise
Right ventricle
Systemic veins Systemic Left ventricle Gaseous Exchange
Oxygen-poor, circulatory system Systemic arteries
CO2-rich blood • Diffusion is the movement of gas
Oxygen-rich, from an area of high concentration
CO2-rich blood to an area of low concentration.
Capillary bed of all body
tissues where gas exchange • In the alveoli, there is a high
occurs concentration of oxygen and
in the bloodstream, there is a high
The Pulmonary Circulatory system The systemic circulatory system concentration of carbon dioxide.
consists of the Trachea, Bronchus, (known as Cardiovascular) has 4
bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm. main functions: • Oxygen diffuses into the blood from
the alveoli and carbon dioxide
Its main functions are: • Transported Oxygenated blood diffuses into the alveoli from PE
from the left-hand side of the heart the blood. 1 of 2
• Transport deoxygenated blood to the muscles.
from the heart to the lungs. • Capillaries allow for Gas Exchange
• Supply Nutrients to the as they are 1 cell thick, moist, are
• Oxygenate the blood through working muscles. close to the alveoli and have a
Gas Exchange in the lungs. large surface area.
• Transport de-oxygenated blood
• Remove Carbon Dioxide from from the muscles back to the heart.
the blood in the lungs.
• Remove Waste products
• Return oxygenated blood to (carbon dioxide and lactic acid)
the heart. from the muscles.

33

PE MUSCOSKELETAL SYSTEM
2 of 2
Long Distance Runner
The muscular skeletal system allows body movement.
What holds the muscles/skeleton together? • Would use slow twitch fibres
1. Ligament: attaches bone to bone to give joints stability
2. Tendons: attach muscle to bone to create a lever (allow movement) • Needs to run for long periods

Functions of the skeleton: • So works aerobically
• Movement
• Support • So needs good Cardiovascular
• Protection endurance
• Production of red blood cells
• Need good oxygen supply
Muscle Fibres Characteristic Type 1 Type 2
• So will be red (o2 rich)
Type 1: Colour Red White
Slow twitch Energy System • Take longer to tire (fatigue) so
Fatigue Resistance Aerobic Anaerobic can keep running for longer
Type 2: Speed of Contraction without stopping
Fast Twitch Force of Contraction High Low
• So speed and force of contract
Slow Fast will be low as need to
contract repeatedly
Low High
Sprinter

• Would use fast twitch fibres

• Needs to short for long periods
but very fast and powerful

• So works anaerobically

• So needs good Speed/Power

• Does not need good oxygen
supply (compared to slow)

• So will be white (o2 low)

• Fatigue (tire) quickly as working
to maximum

• So speed and force of contract
will be high as need to contract
as strong and quickly as possible

34

Evil and Suffering - Essential Knowledge PRE
1 of 2

Evil Wickedness, the absence of good, a cause of human suffering.

Natural evil Natural disasters that cause suffering.

Moral evil Acts of humans that cause suffering.

The problem of evil The question of how to reconcile the existence of evil with an omnipotent, omnibenevolent, and omniscient God.

An argument from evil The argument that because evil exists, either God does not exist or does not have all the qualities he is believed to
have.

Omniscient All-knowing.

Omnipotent All-powerful.

Omnibenevolent All-loving.

Theodicy An answer to the problem of evil (why God allows evil).

Augustine’s Theodicy The argument that humans use free will to sin, which takes the responsibility for suffering away from God.

Hick’s Theodicy Humans were created as imperfect. Suffering helps humans gain virtues to develop into the ‘likeness of God’.

Free will The idea that humans are free to make their own choices.

The Fall Adam and Eve defied God and would have to suffer in life as a punishment.

Original sin The tendency to sin in all human beings, believed to be inherited from Adam.

The Christian Golden Rule The teaching to ‘Do to others as you would have done to you’ (treat others as you would want to be treated!).

The Four Noble Truths The Buddha’s teachings about suffering, its cause and the solution to it.

Dukkha Buddhist term meaning suffering.

Tanha Buddhist term meaning desire or craving.

The Eightfold Path The Buddha’s solution to suffering, eight practices to help avoid/reduce suffering.

35

Judaism The Shoah/Holocaust
and Jewish responses to it.

Adonai Name for God (means Lord). Holocaust The persecution and
Torah Books of ‘law’ or ‘teaching’. attempt to murder all
Tenakh The Jewish Bible. Jews in Europe by the Nazis.
Covenant A pact/special relationship between G_d and the Jewish people.
Orthodox Jews who believe G_d gave the complete Torah to Moses, and therefore Shoah ’Calamity’ - Hebrew term
live according to its laws and traditions. used by Jews to describe
Reform Jews who believe the Torah was inspired by G_d and developed the Holocaust.
historically so will set aside Jewish law/traditions if they feel they are
not relevant to modern life. Genocide The deliberate killing of a
Rabbi A Jewish teacher. large group of people,
Shema Statement about Jewish beliefs about G_d, said as a prayer and especially those of a
included in mezuzah and tefilin. particular nation or
Pesach Festival of Passover celebrating the freeing of the Jews from slavery in Egypt. ethnic group.
Seder plate A special plate containing symbolic foods eaten at the Passover.
Chanukah/Hanukkah Festival of lights. Anti-semitism Prejudice or discrimination
Kosher In accordance with Jewish law; mostly used in reference to food. against Jews.
Shabbat The Sabbath; the Jewish day of rest.
Bar Mitvah Celebration and ceremony of a boy becoming an adult in which he is Prejudice Unjustified dislike, often
called to read from the Torah for the first time. based on race, religion or
Bat Mitzvah Celebration of a girl becoming an adult, there may be a ceremony or gender, not rooted in fact.
celebration and the girl may be called to read the Torah for the first time.
Purim Celebration of the time when Jewish people living in Persia were saved Persecution Ill-treatment based on
from extermination by a young Jewish woman called Esther. prejudice.
Shavuot Celebration of the belief that G_d gave Moses the Ten Commandments.
Scapegoat Person/people made to
take blame for others.

Yom Hashoah ‘Holocaust Day’ - day of
remembrance for those
who died in the Shoah.

PRE
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36

Science: Biological Systems and Processes 9BB Science
1 of 5

1 Skeleton Functions • protection of vital organs 16 Cilia • Tiny hairs on cells in the airways which
• support move mucus away from the lungs (help
• making blood cells in the bone marrow keep dust and bacteria out of the lungs)
• movement
2 Muscles • are attached to bones with tendons 17 Carbon Monoxide • Toxic chemical found in cigarette smoke
• muscle contracts causing the bone to move which binds with red blood cells,
meaning they carry less oxygen around
3 Antagonistic Muscle Pairs • a pair of muscles that work against each other the body
• when one muscle contracts, the other relaxes
18 Nicotine • An addictive chemical found in
4 Joint • Structure between bones cigarette smoke
• Causes blood vessels to become narrower,
5 Hinge joint • Movement is backwards and forwards in which increases blood pressure
one direction
• Examples include the knee and the elbow 19 Foetus • A developing baby in the mother’s uterus

6 Ball and Socket joint • Full movement through 360° 20 Placenta • An organ that connects the foetus to the
• Examples include the hip and the shoulder wall of the uterus
• Substances such as drugs can cross
7 Fixed joint • The bones are fused together the placenta
so no movement
• Examples include the skull and the pelvis 21 Nucleus • Part of a cell that controls cell activity

8 Pivot joint • Rotation movement around a fixed point 22 Chromosomes • Long lengths of tightly-coiled DNA
• The neck is an example
23 DNA • Chemical that genes are made of
9 Tendon • Fibres made of collagen which attach • Made of two strands twisted into a
muscle to bone double helix

10 Ligaments • Fibres made of collagen which hold bones 24 Gene • Section of DNA that codes for one
together with joints particular protein

11 Diffusion • The movement of particles from an area of 25 Crick and Watson • Scientists that first built a model of DNA
high concentration to a low concentration
26 Wilkins and Franklin • Provided the data that helped the model
12 Drug • A chemical that affects how the body works of DNA to be developed

13 Recreational drug • A drug which is not taken for medical reasons 27 Inheritance • Passing on genes from parents that
determine our characteristics
14 Medicinal drug • A drug which is taken for medical reasons,
such as paracetamol 28 Characteristics • The features that we have, e.g. eye
colour or an inherited disorder
15 Tar • A chemical found in cigarette smoke which
paralyses cilia in the airways

37

Science: Energetics and Rates 9CE Science
2 of 5

1. Atom • The smallest unit that makes up matter 15. Effect of surface area • The greater the surface area, the higher
• Contains protons, neutrons and electrons
the rate of reaction

2. Element • Substance made up of only one 16. Catalyst • Substance that speeds up the rate of a

type of atom reaction without being used up or

3. Compound • Two or more elements chemically changed in the reaction

bonded together 17. Endothermic reaction • A reaction that takes in energy

4. Mixture • Different elements, compounds or 18. Exothermic reaction • A reaction that releases energy

molecules mixed together but not 19. Activation energy • The amount of energy needed to

chemically bonded start a chemical reaction

5. Law of conservation of mass • In a chemical reaction, atoms are not 20. Reaction profile • A diagram which compares the amount

created or destroyed only re-arranged of energy stored in the reactants and

6. Thermal decomposition • A chemical reaction where a substance products of a chemical reaction

is broken down by heating 21. Exothermic reaction profile

7. Combustion • A reaction between a fuel and oxygen, Exothermic Reaction

the scientific name for burning Potential
Energy
8. Oxidation • A reaction where oxygen is added to

a reactant

9. Rate of reaction • The speed at which reactants turn into

new products

10. Effect of temperature on • The higher the temperature the faster Reaction pathway

rate of reaction the rate of reaction 22. Endothermic reaction profile

11. Effect of concentration on • The higher the concentration the higher Endothermic Reaction

the rate of reaction the rate of reaction

12. Chemical reaction • In a chemical reaction reactants turn into Potential
Energy
products and a new product is formed

13. Reactants • The substances which react together in a

chemical reaction

14. Products • The new substance(s) formed in a

chemical reaction Reaction pathway

38

Science: Sound 9PS Science
3 of 5

1. Waves • Transfer energy without the particles 14. Absorption • When a wave is absorbed by a material,
moving position
the material’s internal energy stores

2. (Longitudinal Wave) • A wave in which the vibrations are left to increase.
right and in the same direction as the
energy is travelling. 15. Reflection • When a wave hits a surface and is

sent back

3. Sound wave • An example of a longitudinal wave, • Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
which is caused by the vibration of
air particles. 16. Refraction • When a wave enters a new material, it

changes speed. This causes it to change

direction, which is known as refraction.

4. (Transverse Wave) • A wave in which the vibrations are 17. Superposition • When two waves meet they affect

up and down and at right angle to the each other.

direction of energy travel. 18. Constructive interference • When two waves meet and add

5. Light wave • An example of a transverse wave. together. They produce a wave with a

Produced by luminous objects. Does not greater amplitude

need particles to travel, so can travel 19. Destructive interference • When two waves meet out and cancel

through space. each other out.

6. Vacuum • Region where there are no particles 20. Echo • The reflection of a sound wave
(such as space)
• Sound cannot travel through a vacuum 21. Hearing range • The range of frequencies an organism
but light can
can detect

22. Ultrasound • Sound waves with a frequency above

7. Peak • The highest part of a transverse wave 20,000 Hz (above human hearing range)

8. Trough • The lowest part of a transverse wave 23. Uses of ultrasound • Pregnancy scans
• Cleaning jewellery
9. Amplitude • The maximum displacement of the wave. • Detecting cracks in pipes

• Measured as the distance between the 24. Auditory canal • Part of the ear where sound travels until it

centre and the peak of a wave reaches the ear drum

• If you increased the amplitude of a 25. Ossicles • Tiny bones found in the middle ear which

sound wave, the volume would increase pass on vibrations from the ear drum

10. Wavelength • The distance between two peaks of 26. Cilia • Tiny hairs which hang down in the liquid
a wave
of the ear which respond to vibrations

11. Frequency • The number of waves passing a certain from sound

point each second. Measured in Hertz (Hz) 27. Ear drum • Sound waves travel through the ear

• If you increased the frequency of a canal into the ear drum, which vibrates.

sound then it would be very high pitched 28. Cochlea • This contains tiny hairs and liquid that

12. Speed equation • Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) ÷ Time (s) vibrate at the same time as bones in the

ear, generating electrical signals.

13. Wave speed equation • Wave speed = frequency X wavelength 29. Auditory nerve • Transmits electrical impulses from the
• (m/s) (Hz) (m) cochlea to your brain

39

Science: Looking Ahead to GCSE

Cell Biology - Paper 1 Organisms & Disease - Paper 1 Atomic Structure & Bonding - Paper 1

Prokaryotic A cell with no nucleus. Tissue A group of cells working together. Atom The smallest piece of an element.
Has a radius of 0.1nm.
Eukaryotic A cell with a nucleus. Organ A group of tissues working together.
Rutherford The scientist who developed the
Ribosome Part of a cell that makes Epidermis Tissue that covers a plant. nuclear model of an atom.
proteins.
Glandular Tissue that produces chemicals. Element A substance containing only one
type of atom.
Mitochondria The site of aerobic respiration. Xylem Tissue that carries water & ions.

Nucleus In a cell, contains genetic Phloem Tissue that carries sugar solution. Isotope Atoms of an element with the
information. same number of protons but
Epithelium Tissue that covers animal organs. different numbers of neutrons.
Cytoplasm Where the chemical reactions
happen in a cell. Mesophyll Tissue that carries out photosynthesis.

Semi-permeable Allows small soluble particles to Atrium The top chamber(s) in the heart. Compound Two or more different atoms
bonded together.
pass through. Ventricle The bottom chamber(s) in the heart.
Molecule Formed when the same or
Mitosis Cell division for growth. Artery A vessel carrying blood away from different atoms are bonded.
the heart.
Duplicate Creating copies. Proton Subatomic particle in the nucleus,
Vein A vessel carrying blood back charge of +1, mass of 1.
Osmosis The movement of water across to the heart.
a membrane. Neutron Subatomic particle in the nucleus,
Plasma This carries CO2 and other no charge, mass of 1.
Active Transport The movement of particles molecules in the blood.
from low to high concentration Electron Subatomic particle found in orbits
using energy. Trachea Takes air into the lungs. around nucleus, charge of -1, mass
of 1/2000.
Stem cell An unspecialised cell. Stent Holds arteries open.

Diffusion The movement of Correlation When 2 data sets follow the same Ion A charged particle.
particles from high to low pattern.
concentration. Ionic Bond formed by transfer
Benign A type of tumour that does not spread. of electrons.

Cloning Creating identical copies. Malignant A type of tumour that can invade Covalent Bond formed by sharing electrons.
other tissues.
Therapeutic Used as a medicine. Alloy Mixture containing different
metals.
Net Overall. Transpiration The evaporation of water from the
stomata.
Polymer Large molecule made up of
Translocation The movement of sugar in a plant. repeating units.

Electrostatic Force between 2 oppositely charged
Attraction particles.

SCIENCE Inter- Between molecules e.g. a weak force.
4 of 5 molecular

Nanoscience Structures that are 1–100nm
in size, of the order of a few
hundred atoms.

40

Science: Looking Ahead to GCSE

The Periodic Table - Paper 1 Energy Transfers & Particle Model Changes in Energy Stores - Paper 1
- Paper 1

Group Vertical column. Density How much mass in a given Chemical store Energy stored in chemical bonds
volume. e.g. food, fuel, glycogen in muscles.
Period Horizontal row.

Alkali metals Elements in Group 1. Displaced Moved out of position.  Gravitational
potential store The energy stored by an object
Halogens Elements in Group 7. Conservation The principle that the total lifted up against gravity.
energy of a system stays the
Noble gases Elements in Group 0. same, that energy cannot be Kinetic store Energy which an object possesses
created or destroyed (only by being in motion.
Acid Substance that dissolves in water stored or transferred).
to produce H+ ions. Elastic

Base Substance that can neutralise an Internal energy The total kinetic energy and potential store Energy stored in squashed,
acid. potential energy
of the particles in an object stretched or twisted materials.

Alkali Soluble base that contains OH- ions. Dissipation The spreading out/transfer of
energy into less useful forms and to
Neutralisation Reaction between an acid & a base. Kinetic energy The energy particles have due the surroundings.
to their movement. Related to
Acidic Solution with pH lower than 7. temperature. Lubricant A lubricant is anything which
reduces the friction between two
Neutral Solution with a pH of 7. Potential energy The total energy related to the surfaces.
position of particles within a
Alkaline Solution with a pH above 7. substance.

Filtrate Solution produced after filtering. Power The amount of energy transferred
each second, measured in watts(W).  
Excess More than is required. Conduction The transfer of energy through
a material by kinetic energy
Insoluble Will not dissolve. passing from one particle to Efficiency A measure of how much energy is
another by vibration. transferred into a useful store.
Mendeleev A scientist who developed an earlier
version of the periodic table. Specific heat The amount of energy needed
capacity to raise the temperature of
Transition The metals between group 2 & 3. 1kg of substance by 1°C.
metals Form ions of different charges &
coloured compounds.
Specific latent heat The amount of energy needed
to melt or vaporise 1 kg of a
substance without changing
the temperature.

Insulator Material that does not allow
charge or energy to pass
through it easily.

Pressure Caused by the collision of SCIENCE
particles with a surface. 5 of 5

41

Spanish
1 of 2

Adverbial Openers + Comma Wonderful ‘wow’ words Time connectives

Despaciosamente Slowly Inteligente Intelligent Por primero Firstly Antes Before

Alegremente Happily Alegre Cheerful Segundo Secondly De repente Suddenly

Sorprendentemente Surprisingly Radiante Radiant Luego Next Hace 2 años Two Years Ago

Con prisa Hurriedly Brillante Shimmering Brevemente Briefly Mientras Meanwhile

Brutalmente Brutally Gruñón Grumpy Después After Hace 2 días Two Days Ago

Con suavedad Smoothly Asustado Frightened La semana pasada Last Week Cuando When

Con cuidado Carefully Atestado Bustling Entonces Then Finalmente Eventually

Con impaciencia Eagerly Útil Useful Después un rato After A While Desde Since

Sin prisa Leisurely Pasional Passionate Pronto Soon Al final Finally

Locamente Insanely Puntual Punctual

Time connectives

Addition Cause/effect Emphasis Contrast/Balance

Y And entonces consequently sobre todo above all pero but
También Also
Ademásd de In Addition To por consiguiente thus en particular in particular sin embargo however
Además Furthermore
Otra vez Again así so principalmente notably aún así nonetheless
El siguiente The Following
por eso therefore especialmente especially alternativamente alternatively

como consecuencia as a result considerablemente significantly a pesar de despite

hasta until de hecho in fact todavía still

en lugar de instead of...

por un lado…por el otro

on one hand…on the other

42

Module 4 Module 5 Revision

Mis derechos My rights Te presento a… Let me introduce you to… Me gusta mucho hacer deporte I really like doing sport

Tengo derecho I have the right… Este / Esta es mi padre / madre this is my father / mother Hago artes marciales I do martial arts

Al amor y a la familia to love and to family Estos / Estas son mis hermanos / hermanas these are my brothers / sisters Juego al baloncesto I play basketball

Al juego to play Encantado/a ¡Mucho Gusto! Pleased to meet you! Voy al polideportivo I go to the sports centre

A la educación to education ¿Que tal fue el viaje? How was the journey? Soy miembro de un club I belong to a club

A la libertad de expression to freedom of expression (No) Tienes hambre / sed / sueno Are you hungry / thirsty / sleepy Voy a clases de baile I go to dance classes

(No) tengo hambre / sed / sueno I am (not) hungry / thirsty / sleepy Prefiero jugar al fútbol I prefer playing football

A un medio ambiente sno to a healthy environment ¿Puedo? Can I…? Es mi deporte preferido It is my favourite sport

A vivir en armonia to live in harmony Acostarme go to bed Empecé (a jugar) I started (playing)

No puedo I cannot… Ducharme Voy a empezar a (hacer)... I am going to start (doing)...

Dar mi opinión give my opinion Have a shower Para estar en forma... To keep fit / in shape...

Jugar con mis hermanos to play with my brothers and sisters Una Aventura en Madrid An adventure in Madrid Se debe... You/One must…

Salir solo/a go out alone ¿Que vamos a hacer? what are we going to do? Beber agua frecuentemente drink water frequently

Vamos a hacer una caza del Tesoro We are going to go on a treasure hunt Comer más fruta y verduras eat more fruit and veg

Respirar breathe Hay que... You/We have to Comer menos chocolate eat less chocolate

Tengo que ganar dinero I have to earn money Tenemos que... We have to Dormir ocho horas al dÍa sleep for eight hours a day

Hay mucha violencia en mi ciudad there is a lot of violence in my city Buscar un perro find a dog Entrenar una hora al día train for one hour a day

Mi padre grita mucho my dad shouts a lot Coger el teleférico take the cable car Bebar alcohol drink alcohol

Tengo que trabajar I have to work Comer churros eat churros Fumar smoke

El aire está contaminado the air is polluted Comprar una postal buy a postcard Soy adicto/ a la I am addicted to…

Dibujar (el león) draw (the lion) A partir de ahora, voy a From now on I am going to

No es justo porque it isn’t fair because… ¿Te duele el estomago? Does your stomach hurt?

Es inaceptable porque it’s unacceptable because… Guardar la entrada keep the ticket Me duele el brazo/ el estomago my arm / stomach hurts

¡Reciclamos! Let’s recycle! Ir a la churreria go to the churros shop Tengo catarro I have a cold

¿Qué se debería hacer para proteger el medio ambiente? Ir al estadio Santiago Bernabéu Santiago Bernabéu stadium Tengo tos I have a cough
What should you/we do to protect the environment?
Ir al parquet del retiro go to Retiro park Estoy cansado/a I’m tired

Para proteger el medio ambiente? in order to protect the Sacar fotos take photos Estoy enfermo/a I’m ill
environment?
Ver un cuadro see a painting No me encuentro bien I don’t feel well

Se debería you/we should ¡Lo vamos a pasar guay! we are going to have a brilliant time! Tengo que… I have to…

Ahorrar energía en casa save energy at home En la tienda de recuerdos In the souvenir shop Contester al teléfono answer the phone

Apagar la luz turn off the light ¿Que vas a comprar? What are you going to buy? Cortar el pelo a los clients cut customers’ hair

Cerrar el grifo turn off the tap Quiero (comprar) algo para mi I want (to buy) something for my Cuidar las plantas look after the plants
madre / hermanos mother / brother
Limpiar habitaciones clean rooms

Conserver el agua save water Voy a comprar... I am going to buy... Prepara comida prepare food

Desenchufar los aparatos eléctricos unplug electrical devices Un collar / un iman / un ilavero / una camiseta / una figurita / una taza Vender productos en la tienda sell products in the shops
a necklace, a magnet / a key ring / a t-shirt / a figurine / a cup
Ducharse en vez de banarse have a shower instead of a bath Trabajar solo/a to work alone

Reciclar el papel / el plastic / el vidrio recycle paper / plastic / glass Unos pendientes earrings Hacer un trabajo creativo to do a creative job

Usar transporte publico use public transport Unas castañuelas castanets Voy a… I am going to…

Malgastar el agua waste water El turrón nougat Ganar mucho dinero earn lots of money

El imán es más barato que la taza the magnet is cheaper than the cup Hacer un trabajo interesante do an interesting job

Tirar la basura al suelo throw rubbish on the ground Ir a la Universidad go to university

Usar bolsas de plástico use plastic bags La camiseta es menos cara que el turrón the t-shirt is less expensive than the nougat Ser Famoso/a be famous

Antes… Before… Los pendientes son más bonitos que el collar the earrings are nicer than the necklace Tener hijos have children

Era (bastante) aburrida it used to be (quite) boring Las castañuelas son menos The castanets are less practical Viajar (mucho) travel (a lot)
prácticas que el ilavero than the key ring
Vivir en el extranjero live abroad
Era (muy) peligrosa it used to be (very) dangerous ¿En qué puedo avudade? How can I help you? (polite form)
Va a ser interesante it is going to be interesting
Estaba sucia it used to be dirty
¿Que busca(n) usted(es)? What are you looking for? (polite form) Me gustaria ser... I would like to be...

Había mucha basura there used to be a lot of rubbish ¿Cuanto es? How much is it / are they? Quiero ser I want to be…

Había mucha contaminación there used to be a lot of pollution Son…euros. It is / they are … euros Abogado/a a lawyer

No había medios de transporte público there didn’t used to be Me lo/la/los/las ilevo I’ll take it / them Enfermero/a a nurse

means of public transport Mecanico/a a mechanic

No había nada para los jóvenes there didn’t used to be Policia a police officer
anything for young people
Spanish Taxista a taxi driver
2 of 2
43

Notes

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47

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48