Scientific Process Skills Poster Set

Science is more than a collection of facts. Learning the process skills is preparation for


becoming a scientist. Process skills are the tools scientist use to know about the world.






Science process skills are very important to be developed in science learning because helps


students develop their thoughts to make discoveries, therefore they can be assisted using


scientific concepts. Science process skills become the provisions of students to develop and


obtain new knowledge or knowledge they already have. Science process skills are divided


into two namely basic process skills and integrated process skills.






Teachers may use these Science Process Skills poster set as teaching aids to teach the 12


Scientific Process Skills to students. Students can understand the concept of Scientific


Process Skills easily.

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS 1

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS 2

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS 3

2.
















































SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS 5

3. MEASURE AND USING NUMBERS























































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4.












Example : Figure shows a rusted

padlock. Give your inference about

the situation.



Because the padlock is exposed to

air and water.



Object : Padlock

Statement that explain reason : is

exposed to air and water




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5. Predict



















Example

In 2015, Pak Andak’s paddy field outcome is 25 metric ton, while

in 2016, it increase to 30 metric ton.



Question

In 2017, there are many rats in Pak Andak paddy field, Predict Pak
Andak’s paddy field outcome.




Answer
25 metric ton. Explanation – All of the answers in number, so the

answer must be in the number form. Cannot accept the answer if

the students answer decreasing. Answer has metric ton unit. So,
students are advised to write correct unit in answers.

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS 8

6. Communication




Communication is a process in recording informations or ideas systematically

in various way for example figure, table, data, video recording and visual.




a. Construct a Bar Chart b. Construct a table




1. Draw a vertical axis – x line. 1. Construct a table is part one of the communication
2. Draw a horizontal ais – y line. skill too.

3. Labelling both axis with correct 2. Collected data is presented in a form of table

variables. according to these aspect:

4. Draw a bar. Advise students to use • Construct a table columns according to data obtained.
Ms.Excel. • Make sure the first column is for manipulated variable.

• Make sure the second column is for responding

variable.
Quantity of fertilizer Height of balsam

(gram) plant (cm)


100 12

120 14


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7. Using Space and Time Relationship



Movement connection process or changes of certain object or phenomenon in a certain

space with their period of time it happened.



This SPS is a skill to elaborate the changes of parameters with time. Example of

parameters are shape, size, volume, mass, height and more.

Example



Figure below shows an investigation on the growth of a bean plant in 4 weeks.





The results of investigation is shown in the table below.



Week Height of bean

plant(cm)


1 5

2 8


3 11


4 14

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8. Interpret Data



Process of giving explanation rationally about objects, phenomenon, situations, incident or patterns

from the collected information.
This SPS requires the pupils to understand given data/collected data through the process of

investigation.

Example of questions that is tested in this skill are (i) understand the aim of investigation (ii)

detect the changes of the information pattern (iii) understanding the connection between two
informations and making conclusion.

Example



Kavitha carried out an investigation on the brightness of bulbs in two different types of circuit.

The result of investigation is shown in the information below.



Observation :
The brightness of bulbs in L circuit is brighter than the brightness of bulb in K circuit.




What is the aim of the investigation?
To investigate the relationship between the types of circuit and the brightness of bulb.




State the pattern of the brightness of bulb in L circuit and K circuit.
Decrease. L circuit bright. K circuit dim → so bright to dim the pattern of brightness of bulbs is decreasing.

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SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

9. Define Operationally



A process where define variables or phenomena which can not be measured directly.



Changes in temperature may not be defined operationally because it can be measured using

thermometer but when we discuss plants, we can define it operationally through its colors,

shapes and physical characteristics.

Example




One investigation has been carried out to test the chemical properties of matter. The result of the

investigation is in Table 1.



Types of substance Changes in litmus
State operational definition for acidic matter.
papers
Answer:
Lime juice Blue → Red Acidic substance is the colour changes of blue litmus


Toothpaste Red → Blue paper to red.


Cooking oil Red → Red
Blue → Blue







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10. Controlling the Variables


Variables are things, needs or tools used in an investigation which function to affect the result of the

investigation.



There are three types of variables:

i) Constant Variable (is fix)

ii) Manipulated Variable (differ at the early investigation)

iii) Responding Variable ( result at the end of investigation)



































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11. Making Hypothesis



Making hypothesis is a attempting to give an explanation of an event, the nature of an object, or
a science topic – based on your experience.

i) Constructing models to help clarify ideas

ii) Explaining the evidence behind a hypothesis
iii) Giving explanations based on ideas from prior experiences

iv) Inferring



A hypothesis goes beyond a prediction. Hypothesizing takes observation, considers what might
happen and why, and then formulates a testable investigations.


Example





Figure 1 shows a plant that has not been

watered for five days. Give one hypothesis about
the situation.

Answers :

Plant needs water to stay alive. (/)

The plant was not watered. (X)






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12. Experimenting


Process of carried out investigation by fulfilling the principles and basic procedures of investigation
for examples identify problem, making hypothesis , preparing investigation tools, identify variables,

making observation and inference, prepare and interpret data and making conclusion.



Experimenting is the highest skill from the 12 SPS because experimenting can fulfill the other 11

SPS. Before you can master this SPS, you must master the other 11 SPS.



Example


Andy wants to carry out an investigation about how the types of surface affect the time taken for the marble

to move. Help Andy to carry out investigation.








Carpet surface Cement surface




Answer :

Pupils need to follow the steps on this SPS notes Experimenting. Starting with identifying problem until

making conclusion.

Experimenting is ended with making a report of investigation.


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