Remembering the Kanji_ A Systematic Guide to Reading Japanese Characters Vol. 2

294 | remembering the kanji 2

primary phonemes

sub-; below
a well

hare; rabbit
stream; rivulet

tail
mosquito

tree
to spin; reel up

hair; fur
child

to prick; stab
to die
nest

shoals; torrent
to dye; stain
another (person)

1,000
harbor
hand
door
vegetables
luggage; bags
to sew
roots
field; plains
tooth

fire
to blow

a mnemonics for the japanese readings | 295

to dwindle; shrink
a sail
a room

fruit; nut; berry
to steam
eye
mourning
arrow
hot water

to get drunk
nude

diarrhea
stopover; abroad
a bow; curtsey

backbone
a wheel
heavens

voiced phonemes

painting
animal sacrifice

tool
downwards

checkers
a seat
a path
a map

adjusted
elephant

296 | remembering the kanji 2

to embrace
to leave; depart
to remove; set aside

a place; spot
a nose

to beat; slap
vicinity
notebook

long vowels

many
to freeze
height; stature
to pass through
to set up; establish

night
England
airport
policeman

axle
to perform music

traffic
to make a present of

courtesy
brain

to seal a letter
paper money
to dedicate
to give commands to

a mnemonics for the japanese readings | 297

to need
a slave
old man
Shinto shrine
geisha
nickname
taxes
refrigerator
mud
public hall
u. s. a.
hat; cap

diphthongs

giant
pictograph

booze
a signature

tea
author
captive
fishing
second (of time)
malice; evil
Confucian scholar
to slow down
steep
Tokyo

298 | remembering the kanji 2

monastery
to tag; name
parking lot

swan
milk
urine
criticize
exquisite
dragon
dormitory
puppet
ten
young girl

Before passing on to examples of how the above Syllabary of Primitive
Phonemes can serve as a mnemonics, there are a couple of points worth not-
ing carefully as you look over the list.

To begin with, there are 3 cases with no character-reading corresponding
to a monosyllabic sound. To compensate for this, kanji with diphthongs were
chosen and the additional syllable repressed (and set in parentheses).

Secondly, not all possible diphthongs have been included. You may supple-
ment the list or simply break the diphthong up into its composite parts. (For
instance, the phoneme may be reduced to the syllables and .)

Finally, where a compound was used to represent a phoneme, the meaning
derives from the entire compound rather than from any of its parts. In some
cases this means learning a new word, but never a useless one.

the mnemonics at work

The method of memorization based on the Syllabary of Primitive Pho-
nemes consists of relating the conglomerate of meanings of the syllabary to
the English meaning of the word in the same way that conglomerates of primi-
tive elements were related to English key words in vol. 1. Without repeating
what was said there, a few illustrative examples should make the point.

We begin with a simple example:

a mnemonics for the japanese readings | 299

¬ bullet ¶

The relationship indicated by the solid arrow ¬ was established in vol. 1.
What remains is to move through the second, white arrow ¶, replacing the
English key word with a Japanese word.

Begin with the specific connotation of the English word, which we shall
take to be “a bullet fired from a gun.” Next we consult the Syllabary of
Primitive Phonemes, where we discover that means another (person) and

means room. Finally, we relate the elements imaginatively: Picture yourself
sitting in bed, pistol in hand, shooting bullets through the wall and into the
next room, where another person is busily scurrying about collecting the lead
and melting it down into new bullets which he then returns to you so you can
carry on. If you can see the wall riddled with holes, through which you can see
that other person in the next room, the picture should be complete. Of course,
you may have to learn the meaning of the words and , but that would be
necessary in any case.

Let us consider another new word:

¬ grave ¶

First picture a specific grave that you know. The primitive phonemes we
have to work with are (tooth) and (mosquito). Now exhume the contents
of the grave in memory, turn back the lid on the coffin, and discover a smil-
ing corpse, completely intact except for the fact that it has mosquitoes buzzing
about in the hollow in its mouth where the teeth used to be. (Or, alternatively,
you might picture the corpse of a giant mosquito smiling through its large,
white teeth.)

Here is yet another two-syllable word:

¬ silk ¶

The primitive phonemes and give us the images tree and sewing to work
with. Picture yourself sewing a kimono for the Statue of Liberty by using a tree
trunk for a needle, and silk thread the thickness of a lumberjack’s rope.

The same procedure can be applied to inflected words like this one:

¬ to add ¶

The component phonemes and yield the meanings spinning and wheel.
The word in question may be taken in its transitive or intransitive, or active
or passive, form, which is determined in any case by the hiragana inflection.
Let the special connotation be the addition of numbers inside one’s head with
a complicated set of cogged wheels, outfitted with levers and catches galore,
spinning at high speed to calculate the fact that 1 + 1 = 3.

300 | remembering the kanji 2

¬ to destroy ¶

Paint yourself a picture in your mind’s eye as vivid as the phantom ship in
Coleridge’s “Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner.” See the ghosts and demons and
goblins flying kites stretched with human skin and tailed with backbones, flut-
tering gently in the breeze—a portrait of destruction.

Still within the compass of the key words of vol. 1, notice how the same
word can have two meanings—and kanji—and hence require different stories
built up of the same primitive phonemes:

¬ salt ¶
¬ tide ¶

The common phonemes are (die) and (tail). If we were obliged to
proceed from the word to the meaning we would be in trouble; but since we
are learning the readings of the kanji, the duplication does not pose any great
problem. In the first case, you may picture salt in its function as a ritual puri-
fier in a sumō bout in which one of the wrestlers has been done in. The surviv-
ing wrestler takes out a salt-shaker and sprinkles the tail of a horse, which
begins to wave its rear parts over the dead wrestler…. And for the second, pic-
ture a morning tide of tails washing ashore, a death omen to the surrounding
inhabitants.

Lastly, we need to see how an entry in the Syllabary of Primitive Pho-
nemes may also be used by itself to represent a word composed of only that
sound (minus the inflection). Here is an example:

¬ to lengthen ¶

, we recall from an earlier example, means tooth. Imagine that you, like
beavers and rats and squirrels, have teeth that grow beyond the size of your
mouth so that you must constantly be gnawing at something to keep them
short. And so you chew away at your desk, your bed, the living room furniture,
and most of your house, until one bright morning you discover the cause: you
had been using a special toothpaste called Lengthen which you mistakenly
supposed was intended to give your teeth a “longer life.”

We may conclude this introduction to the use of the Syllabary of Pri-
mary Phonemes with a drill of kun-yomi. You should have no trouble in any
of them if you take your time.

¬ devil ¶
¬ to float ¶
¬ destitute ¶
¬ stocks ¶

a mnemonics for the japanese readings | 301

¬ to be sticky ¶
¬ to be fond of ¶

So far all the meanings have been consistent with the key words learned in
vol. 1. If this is not the case—or, as happens more often, if the meaning shifts
to a related meaning not covered by the key word—you should not bother add-
ing a second key word to that already learned. It was enough that a single Eng-
lish key word helped you remember how to write the kanji. From here on in,
you will have to do what the Japanese themselves do to broaden their knowl-
edge of a given kanji: read as much as you can, look up everything you do not
understand, and use what you look up as often as you can.

You may be wondering whether these new primitive meanings and their
stories will not confuse what you already learned in vol. 1. Not to worry. For
one thing, most of the meanings assigned to the primitive phonemes did not
appear in the first book. For another, the mnemonics described in this chapter
is a deliberately short-lived device that is soon let go of once you have begun to
use the word in question and to associate it with the object, activity, or qual-
ity in your experience that it speaks to. The stories learned in the earlier book,
however, will last at least until you have become comfortable with the Chinese
and Japanese pronunciations of those kanji and begun to compose with them
in Japanese. An example may help.

Let us say you meet the word for “halo,” whose Japanese pronunciation and
kanji are both new to you and both of which you are determined to learn. The
following scheme illustrates the two steps you must go through:

¬ sun ¶ mosquito
¬ army ¶ stab

All of this you can figure out by consulting a dictionary and applying what
you learned in vol. 1 and in this chapter. The association between the English
word halo and the Japanese word is supplied at first by the primitive pho-
nemes, and then later—as you begin to use the word—by the context of your
thinking and speech. Because you will find yourself writing the kanji rather
infrequently, the story you make to relate sun and army to its writing can be
expected to last much, much longer.

There is one more reason why the meanings of the primitive phonemes and
the primitive elements are not likely to cause you confusion, and this brings
us to the final step in our mnemonics for the Japanese readings. As mentioned
in passing, not only the Syllabary of Primary Phonemes but any Japanese
word can be used as a sound-and-meaning unit to learn other words. In fact,
the more words you learn, the easier it becomes to dispense with the short syl-
lables used in the earlier examples.

302 | remembering the kanji 2

Say you have already learned the word ( ), meaning the hem or frill of

a garment. And let us suppose also that you learned the word by playing with

the phonemes for shrinking ( ) and diarrhea ( ). We will further assume that

you know the word ( ), meaning to lower, which you first memo-

rized by combining the phonemes for spinning ( ) and embracing ( ).

Now when you meet the frightening words ( ), there is no need

to break it up into syllables since you already have two parts, hem and lower-

ing which are most convenient for remembering the meaning of the word: to

humble oneself.

There is, of course, always the possibility that you will want to learn a word

via these larger phonemes even though you were not previously acquainted

with them. Take the word ( ), meaning kneel down. Even though

you know that means room and means attached to, the syllable is

new. You look it up to discover that it means lap. The etymological connec-

tion is too tempting to pass over, so you learn the new phoneme together

with the original word rather than break it up into its component parts. This

procedure is one you will no doubt find yourself using more and more as your

vocabulary increases and you develop a greater appetite for new words.

To exercise the principles explained in the last few paragraphs, try your

hand at the following five words before reading any further:

¬ blindness ¶
¬ to sink ¶
¬ to store up ¶
¬ lead (the metal) ¶
¬ to tempt ¶

Though these are not the only possibilities, you might have used the fol-
lowing new words to learn those just treated:

¬ storehouse ¶
¬ mulberry bush ¶
¬ raw ¶
¬ garden ¶

concluding remarks

With that, the mnemonics for the kun-yomi is complete and only remains to
be perfected in the practice. But perhaps you are still pestered by the thought:
Why not present the whole range of Japanese readings, building up from sim-

a mnemonics for the japanese readings | 303

ple elements to the more complex, in the same way the writing of the kanji was
taught in vol. 1?

Lay the thought to rest once and for all. For one thing, by the time you
have reached this page, you will already have at least 2,000 words in tow. To
force those words back into a systematic relearning for the sake of another few
thousand words seems highly inefficient. A second and more convincing rea-
son is that the habit of isolating vocabulary from the rest of language simply in
order to learn new words is a bad one to get into with any language, whether
native or acquired. Learning to write the kanji presented a special problem that
required a special solution: sticking our nose so close to the written form that
virtually everything else was lost from view. Learning to pronounce the kanji
requires another approach, more like keeping a firm finger on systematic study
methods while still being able to look up and see the total picture. There is
much to be gained by a methodical approach like that outlined in these pages.
But when all is said and done, fluent reading and composition is a matter of
alert and sustained devotion to the language.



Indexes



index i

Signal Primitives

The following list contains all the signal primitives used in this book,
arranged according to number of strokes and primary reading. The num-
bers refer to the frames in which a given primitive figures. As explained in
the text, these primitives do not necessarily coincide with the primitive ele-
ments treated in vol. 1.

2 1402–6 1276–80 191–93 304–5
914–16 720–24 89–94 450–51
530–31 510–11 298–99 166–69 1384–89
233–35 1407–15 528–29 1178–81 836–38
185–87 887–89 1215–20 1418–25 671–76
454–55 830–32 1292–94 1396–1401
3 896–98 69–73
舛 524–25 691–95 818–20 肩 740–43
114–21 122–26 272–74
1226–32 57–60 908–10 95–100 522–23
1269–75 902–4 848–50 284–86 287–89
1516–19 1233–41 1376–79 756–59 1433–40
140–43 346–47 438–39 666–70
458–59 824–26 與 376–77 1242–45 516–17
1182–87 1246–52 1345–50 182–84
342–43 860–62 1331–37 685–90 257–59
1287–91 1309–20 677–84 372–73
1008–13 803–5 144–67 6 1174–77
1506–9 1204–9 1500–5
4 704–9 314–15 245–47
5 1281–86 905–7
784–87 382–5 肪 1259–63
380–81 194–96 504–5 1535–38
410–11 148–52 1351–59 260–62
866–68 脹 821–23 269–71 878–80 833–35
1470–74 腸 780–83 1264–68 1194–98 1168–73
221–23 917–19
1481–84 827–29 舎 1416–17 腮 290–92 1162–67
788–90 316–17
715–19 929–31
105–9 153–56
224–26

308 | index i: signal primitives

1302–8 肱 1210–14 舂 296–97 424–25 254–56
350–51 764–67
1449–57 127–30 899–901 10 1188–93
768–71 218–19 174–77
1253–58 9 1221–26 157–61
7 302–3 839–41 332–33
1299–1301 275–77 206–8
胄 1390–95 舌 404–5 215–17 281–83 136–39
舗 484–85 膩 131–36 378–79 881–83 434–35
392–93 809–11
338–39 791–93 776–79 艙 893–95
386–87 794–96 艘 748–51
428–29 242–44 1520–23 12
230–32 498–99 406–7 430–31
845–47 911–13 408–9 396–97
872–74 1360–69 膤 412–13 300–1
85–88 1466–69 艚 875–77 293–95
200–2 364–65 1199–2003
869–71 1531–34 418–19 812–14 884–86
863–65 1295–98 209–11 414–15 520–21
482–83 170–73
舍 416–17 308–9 374–75 422–23 胃 932–34
362–63 506–7
926–28 脾 1338–44 215–17 368–69 512–13
1510–15 492–93 488–89
725–29 736–39 臟 248–50 514–15 486–87
500–1 923–25 440–41
舁 251–53 78–84 842–44 330–31
1524–30 1380–83
730–35 1494–99 餞 400–1 472–73 舒 466–67
1475–80 306–7 456–57
188–90 502–3 326–27 343–5
336–37 1321–25 263–65 470–71 340–41
920–22 65–68 266–68 197–99
460–61 360–61 464–65 艝 772–75 菐 322–23
212–14 1326–30 312–13
1441–48 526–27 1485–88 800–2 腋 344–45
462–63 696–703
舉 398–99 肺 162–65 468–69 478–79 494–95
536–37 239–41
310–11 1426–32 348–49 舐 442–43
61–64 356–57 13
352–53 278–80 肴 710–14 11
1489–93 854–56
236–38 舅 324–25 畐 744–47 358–59
203–5 402–3 餠 388–89
舘 496–97 797–99 806–8 390–91
508–9 320–21 蒦 857–59
890–92 354–55 胡 752–55 518–19
534–35 臼 178–81
8 436–37 432–33 興 394–95
1370–75 532–33
760–63 476–77 370–71 74–77
446–47
舖 474–75
餬 426–27

index i: signal primitives | 309

貇 420–21 14 15

膊 101–4 815–17 490–91
452–53 318–19
227–9 366–67 480–81
328–29
444–45

851–53

448–49

index ii

Kanji

The following list contains all the kanji treated in vol. 1, grouped by the
number of strokes and ordered according to standard dictionary “radi-
cals.” The number following the kanji refers to the first frame in which
that character appears in that volume. Index v provides a cross-reference
to the present volume.

13 45 964 120
105 765 838

1 64 768 59 96
127 784 106
71 691 76 6 1070
3

49 525 1019 2033

2 50 2042 1811 1862

1246 1648 300 1190

91 44 1231 1490 1232
1016 681 781 1233
595
7 85
1214

4686 462 1488 1076
9 95 1049 637

97 485 1217 1027 711

2 62 2040 1008 1725

951 84 39 1695 1177
68 2038 1696 1125

8 40 1215 42 490

779 688 1593 568 12

83 11 757 1415 578

858 150 5 704 13

319 1806 697 195
444 109 988 722 466

10 107 1587 1510 370

696 98 250 428 447

1913 2041 379 index ii: kanji | 311
1828
130 750 101 1701 99
956 100
161 16 1834 959 527
727 1003 487
1274 65 131 375 185
1212 1161 684
1904 53 132 962 1916
245 994 1656
238 1508 140 965 186
255 752 190
86 1877 963 158
5 761 1071
93 1414 235 128
2034 248 1153
28 744 1383 119 406
263 1036
1329 1242 256 1795 353
1020 692 1031 1815 355
266 679 618
1028 78 1757 812 361
960 1863 1555 862 690
1018 1181 1693 455
961 1425 26
1000 4 14 1416 67
986 152 1105 291 27
1005 111 1113 253 1172
1401 1740 1117 320 66
845 37 180 79
103 702 802 112 221
1826 1054 1447 1861 207
1247 77 15 693 210
427 1241 1225 151 1243
297 856 1220 183 471
412 113 689 815
34 405 1086 586 458
767 1484 1087 583 1885
1378 1316 582 110
33 591 431 685 1651
1650 739 284 155 1245
863 742 279 515 139
867 1234 780 321 516
530 635 108 165
445
1202 653

48 738 6

1138

30 1168

35 1154

216 32

217 1275

211 1519

212 966

312 | index ii: kanji

168 957 123 1649 2008

38 953 728 1713 1702

937 1012 491 203 1129

919 1657 1253 683 725

1333 1142 187 208 1848

1965 104 1726 1664 1429

547 58 1565 298 173

573 1331 1915 1884 1533

1251 1404 1066 934 1294

1252 404 1053 1886 1302

818 1205 772 1641

1022 90 1489 1888
836 906 1594
138

753 1782 592 707
41 865 508 1072 1785

1868 866 1240 167 729
1753 860 1711 239 1156

1655 1694 884 260 308
1216 1462 599 859 312

517 1395 597 92 970
1448 1422 600 1092 1030

873 1162 596 914 990
972
396 1589 607 902 976
1602 1218 1642 1320
640 1391 1796
285 1588
280 467 676 1468 971

17 1081 1009 1603

24 839 493 989

7 262 649 421 74

1897 712 848 1827

603 247 647 57 1972

72 579 1752 1812 1902

1809 1807 1700 335 755

967 1180 706 788 418

1203 723 648 1440 1069

1118 160 1130 54 1206

1864 492 705 1743 417

1029 306 1074 384 1521

955 1896 528 1279 1276

1831 457 330 1248 1523

954 323 694 286 1511

952 507 114 1496 1025

index ii: kanji | 313

51 770 448 803 1295

872 1115 43 432 1303

1720 1330 25 1055 422

718 1653 20 267 1534

819 1505 1051 136 1632

735 1833 1184 1080

317 588 19 9468

219 1002 1399 162

1485 392 714 1213
329 1585
1400 1386 1756 311

897 1878 1077 1050
580 883 494 1170 1392
69 1639
581 880 374
1486 881 759 486 1014

1582 882 1219 73 1148

1037 602 504 1223 991

126 1590 785 1128 1280

1094 623 724 1091 968

1573 1558 1126 1319 997

1196 716 196 1317 969

220 1078 332 1509 18

1889 1127 1121 1256 304

413 1901 713 316 88

747 805 200 1419 118

1557 645 1697 1905 290

913 1832 1699 234 1667

912 644 377 223 1407

1879 1114 371 225 1613

324 1106 1698 1741 1397

1100 668 1531 360 178

1271 652 218 715 125

1109 656 146 1990 1660

382 857 1237 1546 2018

1417 651 1107 282 401

1783 654 746 847 23

257 769 137 1524 680

1572 650 795 1841 154

184 1564 145 1906 362

1063 669 147 269 1745

1060 740 636 1920 1549

1110 496 751 1616 1571

1961 1729 533 1780 584

314 | index ii: kanji

474 1140 1768 386 560
364 87 251 288 506
294 388 166 301 478
754 924 1964
188 1075 1689 1268 1671
46 414 1705 1465 1730
羝 1928 29 449 2016 1975
1058 283 1692
156 31 261 1959 134
773 446 1449 1844
1265 748 638 1851 56
1207 531 513 1466 766
1270 326 1853 1675 1131
435 206 124 1892 2013
1380 1781 209 1893 1157
1194 869 117 479 179
391 1021 675 60 296
1716 199 116 524 849
879 1759 1779 1887 1471
874 509 1089 1472 2012
1379 1226 1119 70 1898
703 268 900 911 1393
605 1421 1179 1033
745 514 899 10 1499
1146 1859 1322 1551
1420 133 1354 1722 191
620 549 1362 1633 189
1460 249 1355 1547 541
625 181 1353 1574 790
661 328 548 1630 1249
1255 1799 1164 973 731
667 143 122 992 1925
660 1855 472 980 1562
659 1155 252 1640 1948
658 369 224 1186 554
1267 461 488 979 1193
381 771 322 978 415
333 1918 臨 1998 1821 1230
1045 169 520 1674 1024
1556 1559 1604 797 589
1742 1266 339 1597 590
1568 243 337 1236
522 55 1659
1723 63

index ii: kanji | 315

878 367 1778 1669 21
877 222 904 539 439
1748 264 903 1617
619 698 536 1408 1085
613 236 938 1858 454
823 204 925 1661 356
606 460 920 915 1506
1803 1609 1365 287 477
610 808 1829 1843 1767
612 810 1494 1429 153
622 809 1532 1428 1062
1935 1493 1356 1436 798
1079 1570 1727 274 804
1938 144 1357 1304 1830
2011 1149 1358 1315 1151
1116 1332 786 1308 995
1836 730 1808 1658 720
1120 1837 1914 1305 192
459 789 756 1310 2006
1048 764 1870 699 775
1481 1082 1871 1475 1095
1178 1470 1581 1978 1927
159 1944 1013 1288 1101
327 814 242 307 778
1491 246 523 2019 774
489 258 1728 1922
871 1229 1890 11 799
870 1384 1891 1159
456 1204 1108 463 1191
2027 1017 807 1823 1182
182 1423 腰 1269 977 1921
2004 1686 529 974 1235
1856 1685 341 975 1714
1469 1688 1917 981 1710
214 1682 340 1955 876
1932 1881 81 1919 958
1520 75 682 604
292 1835 1652 89 1810
198 806 526 1586 621
1278 532 2009 1676 1537
1461 1088 1132 1769 1187
358 905 281 1227 1721
556

316 | index ii: kanji

655 721 1359 1845 1550
1847 1034
1064 1263 1361 1435 1208
1908 1314
1152 372 1776 1596 390
273 1770
736 1328 1364 1623 1507
1592 545
1634 1539 574 1672 1056
1301 1734
1061 164 575 1966 254
1299 1039
674 634 1733 1513 853
1561 928
733 313 1874 1518 395
1143 1761
1327 1262 1869 1950
94
672 244 1122 171 193
1941 1526
1188 1456 927 1999 1439
593 1145
1318 1940 918 1750 1969
174 1953
663 1737 734 534 777
408
670 935 1258 12 407
1381
673 259 1517 1015 1706
1026 1852
936 265 臨 1993 1183 1931
1643 1857
1254 1032 518 1553 1398
1631 875
331 1560 519 1209 1854
861 1635
1732 1797 1525 1577 614
629
1662 293 1006 47 624
1035 628
1136 1457 841 1042 1638
1445 801
1046 1451 1093 1926 665

1222 1467 569

1173 237 787

501 1102 708

498 1606 495

1396 433 1073

1934 749 1010

538 1321 102

1498 898 1541

201 1239 726

907 1111 782

677 1001 1744

792 939 470

710 940 420

1038 1777 1973

157 921 561

451 922 318

840 1360 1160

450 1758 1842

1731 1363 1849

1738 1352 1846

index ii: kanji | 317

664 1788 1350 1434 1458

1043 149 299 177 231

1059 1195 816 1495 305

662 546 228 1622 732

1951 1169 1747 1625 542

1967 1749 890 1620 1598

646 1200 397 1309 226

826 1257 398 1958 1150

1189 557 813 1298 410

334 241 1840 1306 409

1786 1775 793 1300 1654

1201 1438 325 559 1601

314 1591 345 1083 889

1538 1784 1141 1907 901

821 1909 380 743 609

22 1668 342 423 608

842 1690 1865 2028 1957

1224 1684 1724 82 737

1974 1687 1139 1718 615

1260 1703 1487 129 1389

1418 555 1976 1474 630

52 1442 868 1473 1483

1765 695 1771 1171 1929

1923 115 1007 666

1763 763 194 1873
687
131575 895
831

202 894 1238 1324

505 436 1424 987 1739

197 941 387 999 1444

1673 948 385 1544 929

1272 945 1281 996 1502

205 944 717 1011 1882

1903 947 1112 1678 1949

1762 943 303 982 480

1097 923 1293 1515 544

811 1346 1956 864 464

1452 1349 540 1867 1605

1292 1351 552 1579 1735

366 1348 1067 585 758

148 1375 277 2024 1792

1800 1754 1047 1960 1569

1388 1347 1824 1663 1614

318 | index ii: kanji

930 1876 535 213 1945

512 1900 425 233 800

1805 1385 1402 1482 419
1289 臨 1995 1312 229 465

1578 1991 1894 1818 347

142 399 61 933 1899

1819 453 783 376 601

564 1124 1595 917 1133

416 1814 1866 2007 499

230 1813 1477 172 348
598
365 1522 1480 1545 916
543
1838 343 1946 932

791 1244 1135

537 354 1175 1409
442 1192
1612 346 14

163 550 1607 1174

170 363 1977 830 441

1615 1939 1794 1068 1430

403 344 1707 2003 1431

1683 1497 1942 338 1437

1450 1443 309 1410 1459

1583 473 484 1390 762

719 357 502 1103 368

1514 1004 175 1679 270

1766 80 566 910 272

1512 1746 440 1323 275

1098 1286 617 1167 1624

1291 1284 834 833 2017

1930 1282 776 2029 1619

1090 1277 1065 1273 1313

896 359 1715 946 1296

1464 2014 885 1535 1297

1370 402 887 1341 562

1368 1773 2005 1963 563

1345 1644 633 1344 1165

1636 1432 829 1366 1540

1259 1433 626 1367 1405

832 794 627 1373 1984

1163 741 657 1371 1983

641 846 469 1343 1986

553 271 1764 1626 1924

825 1406 232 1023 2021

index ii: kanji | 319

678 1548 1820 611 352
1554 1968
15 1627 843 632 289
828 837
984 2039 1052 631 1501
983 671 1645
1997 844 1264 1387
1954 1670 411
121 141 1137 424 1962
1197 1382 1185
1307 1704 796 429 383
1198 497 1584
430 310 476 835 2030
1910 2015 1144
1708 1677 511 1719 1311
278 1446 2036
1057 1516 378 510 1441
1040 1933 1665
1041 1453 820 701 1478
1712 1872 1287 594
886 567 302 1147 17
1096 893 1637 1543
2001 892 1822 950 985
616 909 1772 1988 993
1996 1326 2031 1158 1936
1199 1325 1610 1338 2026
1994 2032 1804 1376 1970
709 942 500 1337 1104
639 1413 1566 1563 1411
822 1372 1618 1426 577
760 1952 2010 1681 215
1793 1374 1791 1503 1463
443 1377 1479 2000 643
1883 1339 1476 227 836
1134 1340 1979 1736 1709
1801 1825 1982 1044 437
1751 1774 2023 891 1221
1176 1839 240 1646 558
571 850 1504 1798
1608 852 1336
570 1992 475 1542
1760 1790
521 16

1680

998 1166

452 1412

1123 1971

1261 1500

1536 1529

351 587

393 400

350 565

349 1530

320 | index ii: kanji

827 817 1647 1787 1989
855 394 389 336
1211 908 295 483 21
1600 1621 1717 1228
1816 926 1789 481 1875
1250 1334 931 135 1285
1576 1335 1981 1290 1283
1817 1911 1985 315 1084
1552 1880 1980 1947 1943
2020 824 176 2002 2022
1860 1210
426 1912 19 20 22
373 1099
551 1611 1666 1394 2025
1403 854 1802 1628 1987
572 949 434
18 503 1369 1567 23
1599 1342 642
888 1937 1528 1455
576 276 851 700
1454 1629 1755 1527
2037 1492 2035 438
1691 1580 1895 1850
482

index iii

Chinese Readings

This Index includes all the Chinese readings treated in this book, arranged
in standard dictionary order and followed by the number of the frame in
which the reading is introduced.

1706 1754 2156

1818 1775 1929 1213

2235 1809 2112 1390

1095 1813 2043 1391
1096 1814 1067 1973
1704 1870 1523 275

1873 2164 1843 276

538 551 277

52 1141 780

315 965 23 781

1301 973 31 782

2238 1868 384 821

966 385 822

839 2226 972

11 840 2232 1016

26 905 194 1558

33 906 195 1596

358 1299 196 1597

359 1300 827 1636

856 1158 828 1723

935 1731 1026 1916

1131 1806 1224 2029

1221 1841 1394 2183

1222 1931 1595

1223 2213 1699

1566 2161 1072 1676

1578 1137 2108

1627 1641 2236

1630 30 1781 402

1705 1545 2063 403

322 | index iii: chinese readings

829 789 1385 397

1011 793 1535 518

1113 838 1536 519

1337 958 676 748

1472 976 832 749

1473 1122 857 750

1484 1151 858 752

1557 1241 1351 753

1693 1388 1352 754

2124 1665 1353 842

2132 1817 1354 843

2173 338 1537 989

854 339 1631 993

855 784 1738 996

1708 785 1824 1060

565 786 1849 1225

56 790 1913 1269

907 1145 1984 1270

1022 378 2142 1271

1121 379 2215 1272

1300 380 960 1273

1970 381 1022 1155

382 1359 1713

383 2025 1719

25 386 881 1734

105 387 882 1742

106 388 1054 1791

107 389 1210 1807

108 724 1211 1823

109 1087 1212 1909

110 1101 1500 1933

111 1302 1501 2001

112 1303 2078 2062

113 1384 1985 2068

215 1572 546 2129

216 1594 127 2146

217 1631 128 298

281 1753 129 299

282 1810 130 814

283 1882 390 1147

484 1987 391 1275

485 809 392 1399

760 810 393 1732

761 883 394 1804

762 962 395 1861

788 1384 396 2075

index iii: chinese readings | 323

1941 290 877

2082 291 984
29 292 1014
218 555 293 1016
219 554 294 1570
220 878 295 1894
300 879 304 1899
301 1017 305 2099
410 2238 430 2141
411 428 431 2151
530 429 432 2198
531 1097 433 974
811 1701 866 1400
820 2011 867 2195
826 185
1226 186 871
1227 187 886
1228 230 938 43

1229 231 952 970
1230 232 1194 1196

1253 940 1195 1219

1254 969 1196 1470

1255 1029 1276 1471

1256 1030 1277 1544

1406 1574 1278 1573

1520 1605 1604 2094

1521 1638 1833 2098

1154 1892 1903 2106

1659 2014 1992 2157

1667 2046 2095 2193

1739 2049 2230 2200

1772 2053 817 2222

1798 2125 1026 779

1854 2127 1032 1124

1859 977 1614 556

1921 224 1828 776

1927 225 2149 777

1998 226 2179 778

74 1008 2234 302

75 1056 1078 303

76 1220 1687 426

77 1654 1812 427

815 1941 548 847

816 1957 412 1771

1257 1611 413 845

1405 1686 446 846

1828 1950 447 1522

324 | index iii: chinese readings

1130 1048 1201 115
1563 1319 1398 116
1736 1640 1399 117
1853 880 1135 118
2121 1602 1599 119
2160 1697 1607 120
2230 1799 1787 121
1622 1805 2061 170
1780 1846 2155 171
2102 1878 172
2231 547 24 173
131 520 221
49 132 521 222
404 133 791 223
405 134 792 414
450 135 836 415
451 406 837 416
720 407 1043 417
721 408 1215 418
722 409 1216 419
723 755 1217 671
872 875 1218 672
873 876 1837 673
884 939 1866 674
885 1013 1872 675
1011 1041 1922 676
1214 1090 1977 794
1276 1199 2006 795
1277 1200 2144 830
1386 1201 831
1387 1274 85 863
1505 1547 86 864
1559 1560 87 869
1587 1580 88 870
1592 1649 200 974
1624 1685 201 1015
1645 1901 202 1024
1652 1939 859 1100
1718 1986 943 1149
1756 2000 981 1197
1822 2174 981 1198
1928 528 1131 1483
2007 529 1258 1546
1075 812 1559 1556
1716 813 2158 1598
1917 992 114 1632

index iii: chinese readings | 325

1638 1396 1518 2154

1650 1397 1539 1114

1696 1647 1540 1263

1698 1673 1548 2010

1714 1895 1664 2084

1724 1914 1682

1766 2022 1684

1777 2032 1770 34

1792 2104 2088 122

1816 2167 2096 123

1826 755 2116 124

1839 1764 1135 125

1857 2224 1432 126

1897 2230 1516 140

1955 1517 141

1956 1542 142

1971 5 691 143

1988 695 692 287

2159 896 693 288

2165 897 694 289

2243 1017 729 522

796 1046 1497 523

948 1049 1670 666

1074 1411 1695 667

1608 1589 2092 668

1883 1769 452 669

1994 1815 453 848

2133 1942 1091 849

2228 2023 1469 908

926 2039 1609 909

927 574 1711 914

962 242 1731 915

1021 243 1835 964

1280 244 575 967

1491 532 55 1059

1538 533 498 1077

1603 740 499 1152

2196 741 709 1268

1721 742 985 1402

1797 767 1086 1403

422 889 1262 1404

423 1046 1285 1554

420 1093 1668 1568

421 1094 1669 1662

916 1468 1740 1702

1018 1517 1788 1743

326 | index iii: chinese readings

1751 1745 1661 1975
1819 1907 1573 2027
1847 1923 2234 2081
1947 1156 2239 2091
2023 1574 364 492
2060 1629 365 493
2126 506 366 1279
2174 507 367 1295
209 1613 1296
210 911 1859 2085
211 912 2086 370
945 936 257
970 941 258 371
988 955 259 571
993 1028 482 376
1027 1360 483 377
1099 1361 1018 1585
1107 1963 1053 1894
1267 2004 1279 2074
1433 2066 1350 372
1434 2153 1533 373
1435 787 1534 374
1436 1159 1552 375
1504 1494 1576 1767
1510 1498 1588 1851
1571 1572 1689 1948
1619 1925 1749 1961
1744 2018 1763 1991
1784 2113 1768 2003
1839 2197 1778 2181
2262 2218 1813 959
932 1298 1868 966
934 1782 1976 995
1130 1962 2131 1362
1587 2131 2185 1363
1325 182 1364
2045 183 97 1367
1349 184 368 1692
552 516 369 1746
968 517 918 2217
1904 997 971 951
1025 1052 995 1508
1037 1335 1007 1510
1061 1466 1245 1511
1378 1467 1336 1512
1736 1565 1625 1558
1658 1879 1845

index iii: chinese readings | 327

254 1481 1848 1569

255 1482 1858 1898

256 1524 1964 1978

308 1525 933 2056

309 1526 1040 2058

510 1563 1323 2199

511 1565 1324

512 1633 1864

513 1646 1949 35

514 1681 1958 1115

515 1707 2048 1335

677 1747 553 1762

678 1783 735 2033

679 1819 144 2097

680 1865 145 956

681 1875 146 1081

682 2080 147 1441

683 2088 248 1445

725 2109 249 2203

726 2138 250 736

727 2207 251 737

728 2220 252 738

775 2236 253 887

982 101 730 888

1010 102 731 979

1035 103 732 1752

1125 104 733 1844

1204 360 734 1881

1205 361 923 1982

1208 362 924 2040

1209 363 946 2128

1281 833 1002 2130

1282 834 1527 2150

1283 961 1551 400

1284 983 1586 401

1338 994 1593 1474

1339 1020 1620 1663

1340 1174 1656 1979

1341 1175 1725 53

1375 1177 1796

1407 1342 1863

1408 1374 1909 7

1409 1530 2266 576

1410 1648 844 1487

1454 1657 962 78

1455 1709 1110 79

328 | index iii: chinese readings 1752 454
1759 455
80 1298 1832 472
81 1494 1969 473
82 1495 2050 835
83 1496 2093 1027
84 1140 2182 1120
500 1717 486 1188
501 1732 487 1189
704 1761 964 1193
705 1825 989 1670
706 2012 1012 1757
707 2030 1118 1836
708 2123 2057 1915
1042 2089 1945
1047 504 48 1990
1050 505 148 1993
1174 1058 149 2110
1175 1392 150 488
1176 1579 151 489
1204 1616 152 490
1281 1633 1190 491
1282 1694 1479 928
1283 2201 1499 1191
1284 2211 1634 1192
1286 2225 1653 1193
1410 2242 1974 2042
1477 1502 2019 266
1524 1688 2090 267
1525 245 2059 268
1526 246 174 336
1527 502 175 337
1528 503 176 1023
1529 743 177 1068
1541 823 257 1475
1583 972 228 1746
1610 1051 229 1801
1741 1052 260 1900
1951 1057 261 1143
1981 1092 262 1492
2018 1136 263 1138
2139 1259 264 1748
2194 1260 265 1755
577 1261 306 1855
1393 1456 307 524
764 1660 525
765 1676
766 1710

index iii: chinese readings | 329

841 1416 956 328

874 1417 1267 329

1591 1488 1287 330

1720 2007 1288 331

1856 458 1321 684

578 459 1322 1168

1062 1637 1169

1639 1886 1170

8 1644 1997 1171

19 1996 2005 1372

1132 2111 2204 1447

1291 2208 1004 1458

1780 1760 1287 1459

898 1889 326 1460

1465 572 327 1461

1776 1395 1617 1531

2031 1906 2036 1532

2235 715 2061 1590

269 716 1379 1720

270 717 2065 1838

271 718 543 1874

456 1000 1671 1885

457 1063 2180 2189

862 1234 57 1325

1034 1448 58 1498

1070 1735 59 904

1073 1765 60 925

1084 1832 719 1330

1150 1880 1128 1727

1264 1887 1331 1940

1265 1967 1332 2136

1266 2216 1333

1401 950 1334

1438 957 1347 1074

1679 994 1448 1368

1690 1001 2022 1830

1773 1581 2073 862

1818 1733 2214 1642

1905 1861 1365 2009

2137 2148 1366 920

960 1367 921

1038 1462

1088 9 65

1099 188 66 544

1116 189 67 153

1264 190 68 154

330 | index iii: chinese readings 1373 1549
1441 2188
155 1635 1442 2071
156 1862 1443 2178
212 2046 1444
213 1445 37
214 1463 2235
312 468 1584 2168
313 469 1651 944
460 959 1655 2209
461 990 1678 2020
462 1055 1737 1673
463 1368 1803 1842
464 1369 1831 2035
465 1444 1908 2064
1064 1445 1919 2170
1417 1513 1960
1458 1514 1999 1
1464 1555 2017 32
1485 1893 2175 233
1486 1912 2205 234
1140 191 2040 235
2026 192 332 2041
2103 193 333 2233
545 987 334 562
157 1019 335 561
158 470 1040 563
159 471 1162 977
160 526 1163 1245
161 527 1164 1561
1129 536 1165 2237
2147 537 1343 2162
466 670 1571 564
467 772 1065 2034
958 773 1105 310
1376 774 1297 311
1377 919 1623 902
1715 937 1793 903
54 953 2070 969
988 1134 2190
1005 1153 1126 47
1010 1166 1553
1053 1167 1833
1621 1172 1675
1989 1173 2172
2145 1326 1079
947 1327
1136 1344

index iii: chinese readings | 331

90 1308 999

42 91 1600 1101

559 92 1615 1293
560 93 1750 1294
440 94 2143 2171
441 1380 2152 550

1008 1381 802 542
1086 318 948 206
1114 319 949 207
1968 1380 1178 208
1382 1179 356

702 1235 357

398 703 1567 1626
399 1786 2072 1789
444 1159 2044

445 2119 2105

1612 1543 21 278

1674 2008 346 279
1779 2134 347 280
2240 348 1412

316 349 1158

18 317 853 1139
1423 1577 983 2038

1424 2054 998 1251

1560 2166 1003 1582

1758 166 1231 1822

2083 167 1292 1944

1425 168 1293 1972

1840 169 1418 865

850 342 1419 931

1085 343 1420 1251

1232 800 1421 1307

1426 801 1422 1157

1427 943 1429

1428 1178 1430

1142 1179 1431 6

1554 1180 1618 69

1860 1181 1628 70

162 1233 1643 71

163 1234 1852 72

164 1235 805 73

165 1236 1111 340

808 1237 1457 341

1036 1238 1767 747

1552 1239 1783 818

89 1252 1800 819

332 | index iii: chinese readings

824 1249 698 1106

825 1808 699 1137

895 945 700 1966

1071 1009 1109 2047

1108 1106 1383 2186

1320 1246 95 549

1414 96 322

1564 97 323

1606 272 98 1703

1867 273 99 1726

1954 274 100 1930

2013 344 354 2140

324 345 355 2210

325 929 508 2169

1081 930 509 2241

1082 1519 797 541

1144 1570 798 1311

1246 1773 991 986

1306 1857 1316 1234

1414 1938 1317 1926

2037 539 1318 2055

2120 851 1389 978

1070 852 1446 1250

1389 540 1672 1965

1564 203 1850 2227

2192 204 1869

710 205 2184

711 1073 320 136

712 1240 321 137

713 1821 799 138

744 1943 806 139

745 865 807 2221

746 952 1042 759

1076 953 1045 1031

2182 1182 1089

2015 1183 1304

2118 16 1184 1995

1013 61 1185 2021

1083 62 1309 701

197 63 1310 702

198 64 1311 284

199 913 1312 285

1139 1127 1313 286

1246 1414 1314 434

1247 696 1315 435

1248 697 1157 973

index iii: chinese readings | 333

1636 804 1345 1489

1182 480 1490

1183 481 1754

45 1186 1006 1910

756 1187 1066 2051

757 1730 1493

758 1952 1666

1457 980 1753 46

534 1129 1774 763

535 1727 1790 1953

558 569 1795 1033

1413 557 1918 1480

1562 860 1934 1896

2101 861 1937 2114

2115 1037 1959 2237

438 1051 2077 1355

439 2100 1356

1357

27 1827

22 38 1133 751

41 954 1506 1045

1123 1290 1507 1119

1242 1509 1515 1915

1243 1830 1877 1935

1244 1068 474

2052 1069 475

2087 1078 476 10

1575 477 236

1932 478 237

350 2076 479 238

351 2122 922 714

436 2223 976 868

437 1047 910

982 1150 963

1550 14 1370 1160

1811 178 1371 1936

579 179 1449 567

1098 180 1450 568

1117 181 1451 566

1871 1039 1452 1553

1345 1453 1680

2107 1637 1683

2002 1346 1643 570

2212 2163 1839 1385

50 764 1983 496

803 1829 2219 497

334 | index iii: chinese readings

1691 2191 942 425

1888 899 1722 890

1890 900 1729 891

1924 1161 2067 1112

2104 1674 2187 1146
2176 1700 442 1876

893 1884 443
894 1980 768 1911
975 769 2079

239 770 2105

240 15 1415 296

241 17 1044 297

494 1566 1202 971

495 1677 1203 2229

690 1891 1328 901

892 1902 1329

963 1672

1148 1712 12
1601 51
947
1728 685
39 1503
1946 686

2117 687 448 573

2135 688 449 1550

2177 689 2028 783

1104 771 424 1102

index iv

Japanese Readings

This Index includes only the Japanese readings established as standard
for the “General-Use Kanji.” Any characters treated in this book and
vol. 1 that fall outside that list are given only with their most common
readings. The numbers refer to frames in the present volume.

482
1010
263 580
599 715
396 190
382 598
1074 436
176 1129
1920 580
1766 678
78 254
78 309
1777 255
1825 100
182 436
1825 556
436 1594
100 436
2179 715
1825 182
436 436
1825 556
436 1594
1657 1657
1056 1056
1371 1371
773 223
436 136
436 330

336 | index iv: japanese readings 782
981
993 2036
1259 159
2014 1805
581 1724
1257 221
695 1306
1456 1276
236 2022
429 849
757 318
715 318
757 1490
1507 1490
638 1154
1507 1346
937 289
464 54
1272 2233
512 1545
1795 1909
1665 1909
1321 1515
1533
27 340
782 205
1121 1909
1733 1515
1121 373
1733 1953
1121 203
1733 54
1121 1545
1733 471
1081 861
248 255
1821 1157
953 724
1698 218
1363 724
2070 228
560 1157
608 215
1576 202
1576 215
782
912
953

index iv: japanese readings | 337

202 1281
507 1054
1127 1896
418
151 192
246 1801
2208 887
1133 410
611 1610
418 1870
983 198
835 704
1482 1054
853 2238
1631 2194
1631
356 29
1365 1057
1135 1522
256 1288
1135 708
1066
1135 77
578 704
1127 1505
418 1505
97 426
285 115
1887 1799
1074 1753
1074 1790
929 1790
419 113
419 1634
1095 349
1095 2011
594 502
1185
44 1029
640 1235
1366 1237
1599 921
281 98
181 1983
497 1997
178
1055
1460
1460

338 | index iv: japanese readings 935
241
2017 1561
921 1220
1375 476
921 506
1375 2073
1947 1561
526 478
2159 1130
1112 244
848 2028
1365 1732
1279
5 605
209 1278

5 664
1941 1692
695 480
2174 1657
966 1324
1096 339
1026
1170 531
1628 742
1908 1686
1685 125
1155 1867
1908 1867
1366 364
640 1867
982 1867
1998 1747
601 364
564 83
1018 1828
386 332
1478 332
885 977
756 663
1230 914
1230 587
645 331
759 1061
1201 2059
348
348
348

181

index iv: japanese readings | 339

981 119
216 619
1381 1906
1381 709
1381 1760
1995 1840
1381 981
1381 121
108 287
1437 1072
474 1995
108 704
474 709
308 1101
1437 704
2195 709
815 1305
1723 1995
944 1995
1465 1715
1655 884
1640 63
506 1936
1473 1710
1207 1397
347 781
1994 519
323 1397
45 2093
1028 2093
2050 838
1409 1036
828 1623
1775 2003
772 2003
1653 1907
1482 2003
1028 942
828 483
1775 480
1919 483
783 480
1070 1036
1479 371
1479 1657
337 1324

340 | index iv: japanese readings 1015
2127
28 655
1675 568
1021 1615
1403
280 251
1086 320
383 1142
1069
1403 59
2072 596
1783 1484
2063 62
1222 1228
1052 1708
1996 1322
447 1499
1623 1746
857 1886
1120
1035 1193
2235 981
805 1886
1918 175
966 1228
943 598
1146 1787
704 1265
1606 898
1642 434
2069 2238
1660 192
1053 1228
960 598
65
8 1910
1749 1693
960 538
714 1637
1419 1552
702 1099
960 1768
1777 1612
1552
96 1099
809 1768
1612

1229 index iv: japanese readings | 341
94
1921
1295 2198
1496 1351

871 24
1496 456
1918 305
1693 456
1752 1849
855
538 1593
1644 997
1886 1098
949 1675
1763 1568
657 264
1903 1114
855
819 356
657 1098
1903 1467
871 1954
1970 738
1776 893
2068 250
1356 195
2031 342
2009 185
687 185
824 1679
1022 185
544 1633
305 958
950 1792
2068 1633
1356 1334
305 1746
1870 1220
2215 1633
1318 779
922 189
1415 632
922 958
2076 632
2150 1792
886 2031
886 1479
1162

342 | index iv: japanese readings 996
1956
1053 873
1601 589
524 1398
943 1086
1697
3 959
1564 279
2213
561 2190
1714 2213
649 1369
2229 1931
584 1595
1668 1130
1275 1262
1552 1697
124 789
1240 607
1772 1471
1125 409
521 1369
1240 1931
1772 1131
394 1131
269 2154
1073
392 615
2137 1070
1766 1675
1804 1675
1714 1677
1714 1891
427 1949
1844
98 876
1214 1081
433 1960
750
1521 591
976 270
873 1663
607 839
873 2077
789 1783
607 1409
409 672
408

387 index iv: japanese readings | 343
1074
283 1202
1663 984
1669 157
1316 304
1943 1430
1032 1095
1901 1430
1095
451 1990
612 476
2002 1273
1191 999
864 984
875 1875
1673 199
796 1420
158 707
299 595
1032 1897
1858 1419
488 851
488 1453
1831 1203
1981 650
791 171
1756 650
1756 171
791 1657
204 145
88 915
88 2008
1753 1896
994 1927
1314 931
1055 104
661 920
1280 556
775 470
717 2142
1380 993
48 1225
495 1021
1824 1909
1387 1929
1051 1218
1084