SHIPLEY NOTES Crucible Act III Notes
**start with ‘A Few Good Men’ clip—‘you can’t handle the truth!”
Key Vocabulary:
Covenanted Christian: While the original covenant was a holy
agreement between God and his people, Puritans used the covenantal form
to understand their legal and spiritual relationships to each other as well.
As a third term, the covenant engages aspects of the body politic as well as
the modern contract..
They also spoke of salvation in terms of "covenant." In the notes to the Geneva
Bible, the translation of proto Puritans completed during the reign of Mary
Tudor, emphasis was on a personal covenant of grace, whereby God both
promised life to those who exercised faith in Christ and graciously provided that
faith, on the basis of Christ's sacrificial death, to the elect.
In Act III, people are referred to as ‘covenanted Christians’—what does this
mean for each character? (Elizabeth, Rebecca, the people on the testament,
John Proctor—who is not, by general opinion and his owncovenanted)
Act III (863)
I. “I am innocent to a witch!” (863)
a. Read this page for courtroom procedures. What do you see wrong/unjust?
i. “I am innocent to a witch. I know not what a witch is.” “how do you
know, then, that you are not a witch.” –twisted logic
ii. guilty until proven innocent
iii. ‘your old age alone keeps you out of jail for this.’ –why? Will it stay
true?
iv. ‘do you take it upon yourself to determine what this court shall believe
and what it shall set aside?” –who IS deciding this? No jury!
b. Judge Hathorne: what do you think of him? Historical: for his cruelty and
inflexibility during the witchcraft trials, Hathorne was nicknamed ‘the hanging
judge of Salem’. Generations later, relative & author Nathaniel Hawthorn added
a ‘w’ to his family name to distinguish himself.
II. Mary Warren (864)
a. ‘she never saw no spirits, sir.” –864
i. Danforth seems to reject this (865)—‘tell me, have you given out this
information in the village?” –will do anything to make sure his theatrical
testimonydriven inquisition will continue unimpeded. Worried that
Proctor and co. will undermine the authority of the court—‘you can’t
handle the truth!”—what do you think of Danforth? Does the blame lie
on him???
ii. Parris: ‘beware this man, this man is mischief!…they’ve come to
overthrow the court!” –864/865. What is Parris’ motivation?
iii. Mary Warren: ‘it were pretense, sir’ 865—is this brave?
b. ‘Character’ defense in court—do courts still use this today?
i. undermine Proctor ‘ripped your warrant’ p. 865—‘have you ever seen
the devil?’ ‘plow on Sunday’ ‘not come to church’—why would they
suddenly turn on Proctor?
1. this is an important characteristic of a witchhunt—any who try
to inject reason and logic are immediately accused—remember
psych. Discussion about dictators and dissention—in obedience
theory, dissention will GREATLY reduce obedience!
III. Elizabeth Proctor, pregnancy, truth and lies
a. Elizabeth is pregnant—this is important because pregnant women can’t hang
i. ‘we have thought it too convenient to be credited. However, if I should
tell you now that I will let her be kept another month; and if she begin to
show her natural signs, you shall have her living yet another year until
she is delivered’ 866—in a year, hopefully the madness will be over.
This is a weighty gift, would you take it and shut up?
b. ‘but if she say she is pregnant, then she must be! That woman will never lie, Mr.
Danforth’ (866) important plot element!
c. Proctor does NOT give up: ‘II think I cannot’—why not? Would you? What
does this tell us about Proctor’s character?
IV. The hunt broadens:
a. 866867: Proctor and Francis have a testamate with 91 names of people attesting
to the good moral character of the accused. What do you think happens????
i. Parris—‘it is a clear attack upon the court!” –his motivation? Running
scared
ii. Hale—‘is every defense an attack upon the court?” (yes!) Parris‘all
innocent and Christian people are happy for the courts in Salem’ (true?
Would you be?) Danforth: “Then I am sure they have nothing to fear.
Mr. Cheever, have warrants drawn for all of thesearrest for
examination…a person is either with this court or he must be counted
against it, there be no road in between.” (Yikes! This is how it
happens…)
iii. Putnammotivation? Giles charges that Putnam is killing his neighbors
for his land867—could/does this sort of thing happen today?
b. Hiding behind religion for own purposes
V. Mary can’t prove it—869
a. ‘she swears now that she never saw Satan; not any spirit, vague or clear, that
Satan may have sent to hurt her. And she declares her friends are lying now.’
868
b. Hale’s motivation changes, he now looks for the truth ‘I have signed 72 death
warrants; I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be a
proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it.’ –869
c. Twisted Logic, ties into witch trials video: ‘in an ordinary crime, how does one
defend the accused? One calls up witnesses to prove his innocence. But
witchcraft is ‘by that very fact’ on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it
not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim.’ –
869
d. Abigail and the girls come in!!! Uh oh. 870
i. Danforth doesn’t question them separately or anything, just puts the
accusation out there in front of everyone (and mary)—abby, of course,
denies it all.
ii. Abby says Mary lies.
iii. They ask Mary to pretend now (871) and she cannot. Why not?
Psychological pressure
1. ‘II cannot tell how, but I did. II heard the other girls screaming,
and you, Your Honor, you seemed to believe them, and Iit were
only sport in the beginning, sire, but then the whole world cried
spirits, spirits,, and II promise you, Mr. Danforth, I only thought I
saw them but I did not.’
iv. Abigail turns on her! ‘why do you send this shadow on me?’ 872—good
actress, cunning
VI. WHORE!
a. Proctor stops the pretense and changes the course of the court by confessing his
sin with Abby:
i. ‘”How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore!” –873
ii. ‘I have known her, sir. I have known her…in the proper place—where
my beasts are bedded.’ –873
iii. ‘she thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave! And well she might, for I
though of her softly. Go help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such
sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance, and you must see it.’ 873. could
this change the course of the play??? How? Who must give up power
and admit wrong? Is this hard to do? Ask students to think of times they
have had to do this…tie into Presidents admitting they are wrong (or
not!)
b. Why this is such a big deal: Proctor has destroyed his own reputation by
admitting to a Commandment Level sin (DOGMA scene on bus—adultry!)
i. ‘I have made a bell of my honor! I have run the doom of my own name’ –
Proctor p. 873
c. Elizabeth is going to brought out to verify that Abby was a whore. Remember:
she doesn’t lie! If you were the wife, what would you do?
d. Stakes are upped for Abby: Danforth: “and if she tell me, child, it were for
harlotry, may God spread His mercy on you!” . 873
VII. True Lies
a. Elizabeth: p. 874 “I came to think he (proctor) fancied her (Abby). And so one
night I lost my wits, I think, and put her out on the highroad.”
b. Danforth continues to question her, she is hesitant to say—remember this would
damn and condemn her husband (ALL are punished for one’s actions!)
c. Elizabeth: “no, sir.” Proctor: “Elizabeth, I have confessed it!” Elizabeth: “OH,
God!”
d. Hale: “It is a natural lie to tell!” p. 874—is it? Debate. What are the
repercussions. Would you have lied?
VIII. You Can’t Handle the Truth! (show Few Good Men Clip)
a. Hale turns the tide p. 874: “I beg you, stop now before another is condemned! I
may shut my conscience to it no more—private vengeance is working through
this testimony!”
b. How does Abby respond?
i. “You will not! Begone! Begone, I say!” stares at the ceiling in fear, backs
up, Mercy Lewis supports this. “Why do you come little bird? My face?
My face? But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy
is a deadly sin, Mary. OH Mary, this is a black art to change your shape.
No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it’s God’s work I do.”
ii. Proctor:”They are pretending!”
iii. Copycats: Mary: “She sees nothing” Abby: “She sees nothing!” Mary:
“Never, Never!” copy. “They’re sportin’!” copy. “stop it!” copy. “Stop it!”
copy. “STOP IT!!!” copy.
c. Mary caves: “I cannot!” p. 876 the girls run from her, screaming and freaking out.
i. Mary to Proctor: “You’re the Devil’s man! I”ll not hang with you! I love
God, I love God.” She starts to talk about books and how Proctor would
make her do it
ii. She runs to Abby (the TRUTH!) “Abby, Abby, I’ll never hurt you more!”
d. GOD IS DEAD!
i. Danforth to Proctor p876: “Will you confess yourself befouled with Hell,
or do you keep that black allegiance yet? What say you?”
ii. Proctor: “I sayI sayGod is dead! You are pulling Heaven down and
raising up a whore!”
e. Hale sees the light: “I denounce these proceedings, I quit the court!”
Questions for reading and discussion:
1. Analyze the motivation of the following characters:
a. Judge Hathorne
b. Judge Danforth
c. Mary Warren
d. Proctor
e. Parris
2. What is the affect on 875 of the girls’ mimicry of Mary?
3. How does this act tie into McCarthyism? The Obedience
studies?
Quick Scenes:
i. Mary at court with Abigail: 871873 (Proctor: WHORE!”)
ii. Proctor at court—whore—p. 873 (“How do you call Heaven! Whore!
Whore!”) – ‘she knew a whore when she saw one’
iii. Abby and the girls and the little bird: 874 “STOP IT!”
iv. p. 876 Mary, Proctor and the girls: “YOU’re the devil’s man!”
v. Proctor 876 “God is Dead!”
ii.