Entomology
Lectu
Zoological N
y 601 - 2015
ure 35
Nomenclature
Zoological N
• Stability
– No changes to nam
• Universal
– One system of nam
• Unique
– Each taxon has one
– No two different tax
Nomenclature
mes unless necessary
mes worldwide
e name
xa have the same name
International
Code of
Zoological
Nomenclature
• Published
1961
• Now in 4th
Edition, 1998
• 87 articles
• Available on-
line
Power of
• Depends entirely on
zoologists
• No punitive powers
• Editors and peer re
the Code
n acceptance by
s
eviewers!
Scope of
• Only scientific
names
• Subspecies to
superfamily
• Only animal names
– Plants, bacteria,
virus have separate
codes
– Uniqueness only
within animals
• Living and extinct
– Begins on …
the Code
January 1, 1758
Names in the
• Family, subfamily, t
• Single word, capital
• Latin or latinized
– Add -idea, -inae, -in
– Stem is name of typ
gender ending
• Nouns in nominativ
Family-Group
tribe, superfamily
lized
ni, -oidea to stem
pe-genus minus the
ve plural
Names in the
• Single word, capital
• Noun in nominative
• Subgenus follows g
– Always used with ge
– Aedes (Aedimorphu
• Note:
– Use = sign to indica
– Signiphora flavella (
Genus-Group
lized, in italics
e singular
genus in parentheses
enus name
us)
ate prior usage
(=Thysanus flavellus)
Names in the S
• Species name is a b
and species name
– Signiphora flavella
– Must agree in gend
• Subspecies name is
– Signiphora flavopal
Species-Group
binomen, both genus
der in Latin or Greek
s a trinomen
lliata desantisi
Autho
• Name takes author and date o
• Signiphora Ashmead, 1880
• Signiphora flavopalliata Ashm
• Entomological journals genera
author first time name is used
• Dates generally used only in t
• If a species was originally des
name is in parentheses
– Signiphora magniclava (Dozier)
magniclavus Dozier
orship
of person that first publishes it
mead, 1880
ally recommend citing the
d
taxonomic publications
scribed in another genus, author
was originally described as Thysanus
The correct name to
use is the valid
name
Avai
Potentially valid
Valid Subject
Any name
o
Published Not published
ilable Not available
Objectively
invalid
tively invalid
Public
• Before 1986
– Ink on paper, conventional printi
• After 1985, before 2000
– Other methods OK if not specific
– Work must contain statement tha
acts are intended for publication
– Work must contain statement tha
containing simultaneously availa
• After 1999
– Publication other than ink on pap
statement that work has been de
accessible libraries, identified by
cation
ing
cally excluded in Article 9
at any new names and nomenclatural
n and permanent scientific record
at work itself is produced in an edition
able copies
per (for example, CD) must contain
eposited in at least 5 major, publicly
y names
ICZN passed Am
allowing Electro
• Before 1986, only acc
physical copies is ink o
• After 1985 and before
ROM or DVD are acce
conditions
mendment in 2012
onic Publication
ceptable way to produce
or toner on paper
e 2013, works on CD-
eptable under certain
Electronic P
• After 2011 (ie, from be
• Work is widely access
• Issued for permanent
• ISSN or ISBN
• Fixed format and cont
• Date of publication in
• Must be archived with
than the publisher
• Work must be register
contain evidence of re
Publication
eginning of 2012)
sible
Scientific Record
tent, eg. Pdf file
work itself
h an organization other
red in ZooBank and
egistration
Article 9 - What do
public
• After 1930, handwriting repro
• Photographs as such
• Proof sheets
• Microfilms
• Acoustic recordings
• Labels on specimens
• Copies obtained on demand
• Text or illustrations distributed
the Internet)
• Abstracts, posters, texts of le
scientific meetings
oes NOT constitute
cation
oduced by any method
of unpublished work
d by electronic signal only (eg
ectures issued to participants of
Theses and D
• Traditionally not con
publications, becau
not meet criteria
• Now largely electro
• We recommend a s
new names or nom
disclaimed for nome
• I recommend using
taxa
Disserations
nsidered
use at least in US, did
onic
statement that any
menclatural acts are
enclatural purposes
g numbers for new
The correct name to
use is the valid
name
Available
(correctly publis
Potentially valid
Valid Subject
Any name
o
Published Not published
shed) Not available
Objectively invalid
tively invalid
Manner of P
• In Latin or treatable as suc
• Must use binomenal nome
• Family-group
– Based on name then valid fo
• Before 1931
– Accompanied by description
– Acceptable indications listed
– Eg, bibliographic reference,
• After 1930
– Must also be accompanied b
from close relatives
Publication
ch
enclature
or a genus
n, definition, or indication
d in Code
work of an animal
by statement differentiating taxon
Manner of P
• After 1960
– No conditional names
– No varieties or forms
• After 1999
– Must explicitly indicate new
or “fam. nov.”or equivalent i
– Species-group, must design
– Must have name and locatio
deposited
Publication
name by “sp. nov.”, “gen. nov .,
in another language
nate a holotype or syntypes
on of institution in which type is
The correct name to
use is the valid
name
Avai
Potentially valid
Valid Subject
Any name
o
Published Not published
ilable Not available
Objectively
invalid
tively invalid
Objective
• Junior Homonyms
• Junior Objective Sy
ely Invalid
s (pre-occupied)
ynonyms
Homo
• Two identical names a
taxa
• Junior homonym and s
• In general, junior hom
replaced
• In general, single lette
homonymy
– Except suffix for gende
group)
onym
applied to two different
senior homonym
monyms must always be
er difference prevents
er ending or rank (family-
Homo
• Think of names as occup
space, once they are pub
• Niches are differentiated
• If a junior name has an id
name, the niche was PR
• The junior name is a JUN
objectively invalid
• Generally, a single letter
homonymy
• If a name is not preoccup
use as the name of a tax
onymy
pying niches in nomenclatural
blished and available
d by different spellings
dentical spelling to an older
REOCCUPIED
NIOR HOMONYM and
difference prevents
pied, it is AVAILABLE for
xon