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Zoological Nomenclature • Stability – No changes to names unless necessary • Universal – One system of names worldwide • Unique – Each taxon has one name

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Published by , 2016-12-02 08:45:03

Entomology 601 - 2015 Lecture 35 Zoological Nomenclature

Zoological Nomenclature • Stability – No changes to names unless necessary • Universal – One system of names worldwide • Unique – Each taxon has one name

Entomology
Lectu

Zoological N

y 601 - 2015
ure 35
Nomenclature

Zoological N

• Stability

– No changes to nam

• Universal

– One system of nam

• Unique

– Each taxon has one
– No two different tax

Nomenclature

mes unless necessary
mes worldwide
e name
xa have the same name



International
Code of

Zoological
Nomenclature

• Published
1961

• Now in 4th
Edition, 1998

• 87 articles
• Available on-

line

Power of

• Depends entirely on
zoologists

• No punitive powers
• Editors and peer re

the Code

n acceptance by
s
eviewers!

Scope of

• Only scientific
names

• Subspecies to
superfamily

• Only animal names

– Plants, bacteria,
virus have separate
codes

– Uniqueness only
within animals

• Living and extinct

– Begins on …

the Code

January 1, 1758

Names in the

• Family, subfamily, t
• Single word, capital
• Latin or latinized

– Add -idea, -inae, -in
– Stem is name of typ

gender ending

• Nouns in nominativ

Family-Group

tribe, superfamily
lized

ni, -oidea to stem
pe-genus minus the

ve plural

Names in the

• Single word, capital
• Noun in nominative
• Subgenus follows g

– Always used with ge
– Aedes (Aedimorphu

• Note:

– Use = sign to indica
– Signiphora flavella (

Genus-Group

lized, in italics
e singular
genus in parentheses

enus name
us)

ate prior usage
(=Thysanus flavellus)

Names in the S

• Species name is a b
and species name

– Signiphora flavella
– Must agree in gend

• Subspecies name is

– Signiphora flavopal

Species-Group

binomen, both genus

der in Latin or Greek

s a trinomen

lliata desantisi

Autho

• Name takes author and date o
• Signiphora Ashmead, 1880
• Signiphora flavopalliata Ashm
• Entomological journals genera

author first time name is used
• Dates generally used only in t
• If a species was originally des

name is in parentheses

– Signiphora magniclava (Dozier)
magniclavus Dozier

orship

of person that first publishes it

mead, 1880
ally recommend citing the
d
taxonomic publications
scribed in another genus, author

was originally described as Thysanus

The correct name to
use is the valid
name

Avai

Potentially valid

Valid Subject

Any name

o

Published Not published

ilable Not available

Objectively
invalid

tively invalid

Public

• Before 1986

– Ink on paper, conventional printi

• After 1985, before 2000

– Other methods OK if not specific
– Work must contain statement tha

acts are intended for publication
– Work must contain statement tha

containing simultaneously availa

• After 1999

– Publication other than ink on pap
statement that work has been de
accessible libraries, identified by

cation

ing

cally excluded in Article 9
at any new names and nomenclatural
n and permanent scientific record
at work itself is produced in an edition
able copies

per (for example, CD) must contain
eposited in at least 5 major, publicly
y names

ICZN passed Am
allowing Electro

• Before 1986, only acc
physical copies is ink o

• After 1985 and before
ROM or DVD are acce
conditions

mendment in 2012
onic Publication

ceptable way to produce
or toner on paper
e 2013, works on CD-
eptable under certain

Electronic P

• After 2011 (ie, from be
• Work is widely access
• Issued for permanent
• ISSN or ISBN
• Fixed format and cont
• Date of publication in
• Must be archived with

than the publisher
• Work must be register

contain evidence of re

Publication

eginning of 2012)
sible
Scientific Record

tent, eg. Pdf file
work itself
h an organization other

red in ZooBank and
egistration

Article 9 - What do
public

• After 1930, handwriting repro
• Photographs as such
• Proof sheets
• Microfilms
• Acoustic recordings
• Labels on specimens
• Copies obtained on demand
• Text or illustrations distributed

the Internet)
• Abstracts, posters, texts of le

scientific meetings

oes NOT constitute
cation

oduced by any method

of unpublished work
d by electronic signal only (eg
ectures issued to participants of

Theses and D

• Traditionally not con
publications, becau
not meet criteria

• Now largely electro
• We recommend a s

new names or nom
disclaimed for nome
• I recommend using
taxa

Disserations

nsidered
use at least in US, did

onic
statement that any
menclatural acts are
enclatural purposes
g numbers for new

The correct name to
use is the valid
name

Available
(correctly publis

Potentially valid

Valid Subject

Any name

o

Published Not published

shed) Not available

Objectively invalid

tively invalid

Manner of P

• In Latin or treatable as suc
• Must use binomenal nome
• Family-group

– Based on name then valid fo

• Before 1931

– Accompanied by description
– Acceptable indications listed
– Eg, bibliographic reference,

• After 1930

– Must also be accompanied b
from close relatives

Publication

ch
enclature

or a genus

n, definition, or indication
d in Code
work of an animal

by statement differentiating taxon













Manner of P

• After 1960

– No conditional names
– No varieties or forms

• After 1999

– Must explicitly indicate new
or “fam. nov.”or equivalent i

– Species-group, must design
– Must have name and locatio

deposited

Publication

name by “sp. nov.”, “gen. nov .,
in another language
nate a holotype or syntypes
on of institution in which type is

The correct name to
use is the valid
name

Avai

Potentially valid

Valid Subject

Any name

o

Published Not published

ilable Not available

Objectively
invalid

tively invalid

Objective

• Junior Homonyms
• Junior Objective Sy

ely Invalid

s (pre-occupied)
ynonyms

Homo

• Two identical names a
taxa

• Junior homonym and s
• In general, junior hom

replaced
• In general, single lette

homonymy

– Except suffix for gende
group)

onym

applied to two different
senior homonym
monyms must always be
er difference prevents

er ending or rank (family-

Homo

• Think of names as occup
space, once they are pub

• Niches are differentiated
• If a junior name has an id

name, the niche was PR
• The junior name is a JUN

objectively invalid
• Generally, a single letter

homonymy
• If a name is not preoccup

use as the name of a tax

onymy

pying niches in nomenclatural
blished and available
d by different spellings
dentical spelling to an older
REOCCUPIED
NIOR HOMONYM and

difference prevents

pied, it is AVAILABLE for
xon


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