GROUP 6 (SSF1033 :INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIAN SOCIAL HISTORY)

SARAWAK SECRET SOCIETY

THE MIGRATION OF HAKKA PEOPLE FROM SAMBAS TO

SARAWAK BEGAN.

HAKKA HAS FORMED A NUMBER OF CHINESE PARTNERSHIPS.
SAN TIAO QUO KONGSI ARRIVED IN SARAWAK AS A RESULT

OF A FEUD BETWEEN THE PARTNERS.
THEY CONTROLLED THE GOLD MINES AT BAU, FORMING A

POWERFUL ALLIANCE KNOWN AS THE TWELVE KONGSI.
WHEN JAMES BROOKE ATTEMPTED TO CONTROL THEM,

KONGSI INVADED KUCHING IN 1857.
J. BROOKE RESPONDS BY LAUNCHING AN ATTACK ON BAU

AND PUTTING AN END TO THE KONGSI.
1880- GHEE HUN ATTEMPTED BUT FAILED TO ESTABLISH A

BRANCH IN SARAWAK.

SECRET SOCIETY IN OTHER COMMUNITY?

JOIN THE CHINESE SECRET SOCIETY OR FORM

THEIR OWN KONGSI.

THE RED FLAG AND THE WHITE FLAG WERE THE

FIRST AND MOST WELL-KNOWN SECRET

SOCIETIES IN PENANG.

WHITE FLAG, MALAY FIRST KONGSI, WAS

FOUNDED IN THE 1830S. RED FLAG (WF) WAS


FORMED IN 1859 AND CHALLENGED THE WF
THE SECRET SOCIETY'S FOREFATHERS ARE

INDIAN MUSLIMS AND JAWI

PEKAN/PERANAKAN.

OTHER SECRET SOCIETIES

MALAYSIAN GANGS ARE NOT ONLY

ASSOCIATED WITH CRIME OR SOCIAL

FACTIONS, BUT ALSO WITH POLITICS AND


NATIONALISM.
SOME MALAY AND CHINESE NATIONALISTS

ORGANISED THEIR MOVEMENTS IN SECRET.

THE PKMM, CCP, CCO, AWAS, INSAF,

HIZBUL MUSLIMIN, AND

OTHER LEFT-WING ORGANISATIONS WITH

NATIONALIST IDEOLOGIES EMERGED.

AFTER THE WORLD WAR II, MALAY SECRET

SOCIETIES EMERGED TO PROTECT THEM

AND HELP RESOLVE RACIAL TENSIONS IN
1945.
THE FAMOUS WAS KUMPULAN PARANG

PANJANG



INTERNATIONAL SECRET

SOCIETY

THE BRITISH BROUGHT NOT

ONLY CAPITALISM, BUT ALSO


THEIR CULTURE, INCLUDING

THE SECRET SOCIETY, TO

MALAYA.

WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT

OF NEPTUNE LODGE IN 1806

IN PENANG, FREEMASONRY


WAS ESTABLISHED.

THE MALAY SECRET

SOCIETY TODAY?

PERTUBUHAN KONGSI

GELAP MELAYU IS


GOVERNED BY ITS OWN

COUNCIL.

THE GODFATHER

CONDUCTS THE

CEREMONY. THEIR

MEMBERS ARE

BRANCH/SAMJI HEADS.
THIS UMBRELLA

INCLUDES FOOT

SOLDIERS AND THEIR

SUBORDINATES, WHO

ARE ALWAYS REFERRED

TO AS ABANG LONG,

ALONG, OR TAIKO.
EACH HEAD/BRANCH HEAD

HAS 500-1000


FOLLOWERS.
A CHEIF USUALLY HAVE

MORE THAN ONE ABANG


LONG UNDER HIS

COMMAND, USUALLY 3-


5 SOMETIMES EVEN

MORE

ABANG LONG HAS

COMMANDED AROUND


150 MEN.

Several names such as Red Guard (China),
New Left (Canada), Students for a Democratic
Society (USA); Sumpah Pemuda (Indonesia),
National Union of Students, radical Student
Movement (UK) etc., were names given to
student movements.

Consist of young, fresh and energetic
students pressure groups

to oversee the government’s
role and its policy.

INTRODUCTION Exposition of their learning and
condition of people’s lives
The student movement encouraged students to
was a new social force to champion local and
bring awareness and international issues.
struggle on politics,
economicand social
change.

Student movements
nurtured in every
country.

THE
FORMATIVE
YEAR

Student movements in Malaysia can be traced
back to the influence of Islamic movements in
Middle East and South Asia.
Foreign students and the reform influence of
Pan Islamic movements led Malay students to
organize themselves in student organizations.
Malay and Indonesian students formed several
welfare and Islamic associations such as
Jami’ah Al-Khairiah (Egypt), Talabah Indonesia
Malaya Association (Saudi Arabia) and
Indonesia-Malaya Association (India).

INDONESIA

INFLUENCE

The Indonesia’s influence
upon Malay student
movements was quite
profound – 1930s
Books and magazines
imported from Indonesia as
reading material to college
students in the Sultan Idris
Training College (SITC)
Therefore, embedded
Indonesian nationalist ideas
among SITC students..

THE SITC

SITC - produced many nationalist students such as Ibrahim
Ya’akub.
 Ibrahim received lots of influence from the student movements
and nationalist movements of Indonesia.
The Sumpah Pemuda Indonesia became encouragement for
Ibrahim to organize the student movements in SITC.
Ibrahim supported the idea of “Indonesia Raya” and wanted to
unite students in unified organization.
This idea began to materialize by formation of Young Student’s
Alliance (Ikatan Pemuda Pelajar) and PeninsulaBorneo Students
Alliance (Ikatan Pelajar Semenanjung Borneo).
The formation of these oraginzation led to emerging of Kesatuan
Melayu Muda (KMM) nationally.
KMM became new vehicle for the young Malay to struggle
against the British but later was banned by the Japanese as
well.

Leading the student
movement in the 1960s

STUDENT activism in Universiti Malaya thrived in the 1960 and
early 1970s. One of the key student leaders was Syed Hamid

Ali who was University of Malaya Students’ Union (Umsu)
general-secretary from 1967 to 1969, before he was elected

president for the 1969 to 1970 term

3 BADASS PROTESTS ORGANISED
BY MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS IN THE 1970S

1.UiTM Demonstration of 1974: Hijacking
a TRAIN to take over the university

2. Tasek Utara Demo of 1974: The
demolishment of rakyat’s houses (feat.
a young Hishamuddin Rais!)

3.Baling Demonstration of 1975: Fighting
for the rights of those in hunger

07 JINE, 2022

TO DR ADIBAH BINTI HAJI YUSUF

We like to thank our Professor for giving us

this task. We manage to get to know well about


Malaysia Social History deeper, and we learn

how to appreciate it. Other than that, we


would like to thank our Parents and family for

giving us a space on doing this assignment.


Special thanks to my fellow group mates too for
giving 100% commitment in this assignment.

Without them, this task wouldn't be done on

time.
Last but not least, I would like to thank me for

believing in me, I want to thank me for doing all

this all handwork and I want to thank me for just

being me at all the times.

With love,

NUR NAJWA ATIRA
BINTI NOR RIHAN