2.1 Respiratory System

FORM 3

2.1 Respiratory System

LEARNING STANDARDS:
Draw and label the internal structures of
the human respiratory system and
describe the breathing mechanism.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
1. Sketch and label at least eight
structures in the human respiratory system
2. Briefly describe the mechanism of
inhalation and exhalation.
3. Construct a flow map to show the
airway in the respiratory mechanism.



The Structure of Human Respiratory System

Trachea Bronchus Trachea
Tube for air to enter into the lungs Bronchiole Intercostal
Alveolus Muscle
Bronchus
Branches of trachea Rib

Bronchioles Heart
Branches of bronchus
Lungs
Alveoli Diaphragm
Site of gas exchange

Intercostal muscle / rib muscle
Muscle that expands or contracts
thoracic cavity

Rib
Bones that protects the lungs

Diaphragm
Controls the volume in the thoracic
cavity

The Structure Of Alveolus Blood capillary
Bronchiole

Alveolus

Breathing Mechanism

Inhalation Exhalation
Air is taken into the lungs Air is pushed out of the lungs.

Inhalation Exhalation

Lungs – Trachea – Exhaled Exhaled air is
expand Carries air into air is pushed out to
the lungs pushed out the trachea
Diaphragm through
– Contracts Muscles - the nostrils Muscles –
and pulls Contract to relax and
downward raise the Lungs- rib cage
rib cage up Shrink moves
and downward
outward and inward

Diaphragm –
relaxes and
moves up

Comparison Between Inhalation and Exhalation

Inhalation Internal intercostal muscles Exhalation
External intercostal muscles (Breathing out)
(Breathing in)
Movement of rib cage Contract
Relax Action of diaphragm Relax
Contract Volume in thoracic cavity
Up and outwards Air pressure in thoracic cavity Down and inwards
Contract Relax
Increases
Decreases Decreases
Increases

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