YH_HandBook

PRE-HARDEN &
TEMPERED ALLOY STEEL

ALLOY STEEL KS D3708 D3709, JIS G4102 G4103

KS AISI C Chemical Composition % Ni Mechanical Properties
JIS Si Mn P S Cr Mo YP TS EL RA Impact Hardness
.12/.18 2.00/2.50
SNC415 .12/.18 3.00/3.50 kg/mm2 kg/mm2 % % charpy HB
SNC815 .27/.35 2.50/3.00
SNC631 .32/.40 .15/.35 .35/.65 ≤.030 ≤.030 2.50/3.00 .20/.50 - - ≤80 ≥17 ≥45 ≥9 235/341
SNC236 3135 .33/.38 .15/.35 .35/.65 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.10/1.40
.32/.40 .15/.35 .35/.65 ≤.030 ≤.030 3.00/3.50 .70/1.00 - - ≤100 ≥12 ≥45 ≥8 285/388
SNC836 .12/.18 .15/.35 .35/.65 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.60/2.00
SNCM415 .12/.18 .20/.35 .60/.80 ≤.040 ≤.040 4.00/4.52 .60/1.00 - ≥70 ≥85 ≥18 ≥50 ≥12 248/302
SNCM815 .13/.20 .15/.35 .35/.65 ≤.030 ≤.030 2.80/3.20
SNCM616 .17/.23 .15/.35 .40/.70 ≤.030 ≤.030 .40/.70 .60/1.00 - ≥70 ≥85 ≥18 ≥50 ≥12 248/302
SNCM220 .17/.23 .15/.35 .30/.60 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.60/2.00
SNCM420 4320 .17/.22 .15/.35 .80/1.20 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.65/2.00 .55/.75 -
.20/.30 .15/.35 .60/.90 ≤.030 ≤.030 3.00/3.50
SNCM625 .25/.35 .13/.35 .40/.70 ≤.030 ≤.030 2.50/3.50 .60/1.00 - ≥80 ≥95 ≥19 ≥49 ≥8 269/321
SNCM630 .27/.35 .15/.30 .45/.65 ≤.035 ≤.040 1.60/2.00
SNCM431 4337 .35/.40 .15/.35 .35/.60 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.65/2.00 .40/.65 .15/.30 - ≥90 ≥16 ≥45 ≥7 255/341
.36/.43 .15/.35 .35/.60 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.60/2.00
SNCM439 4340 .38/.43 .15/.35 .60/.90 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.65/2.00 .70/1.00 .15/.30 - ≥110 ≥12 ≥40 ≥7 311/375
.38/.43 .20/.35 .60/.90 ≤.040 ≤.040 .40/.70
SNCM240 .15/.35 .60/.90 ≤.030 ≤.030 1.40/1.80 .40/.60 - ≥120 ≥14 ≥40 ≥8 341/415
.15/.30 .60/.80 ≤.035 ≤.030
.15/.35 .70/1.00 ≤.030 ≤.030 .40/.60 .15/.30 - ≥85 ≥17 ≥40 ≥6 248/341

.40/.65 .15/.30 - ≥100 ≥15 ≥40 ≥7 293/375

.40/.60 .20/.30

1.00/1.50 .15/.30 ≥85 ≥95 ≥18 ≥50 ≥8 269/321

2.50/3.50 .50/.70 ≥90 ≥110 ≥15 ≥45 ≥8 302/352

.60/1.00 .15/.30 ≥70 ≥85 ≥20 ≥55 ≥10 248/302

.70/.90 .20/.30

.60/1.00 .15/.30 ≥90 ≥100 ≥16 ≥45 ≥7 293/352

.70/.90 .20/.30

.40/.65 .15/.30 ≥80 ≥90 ≥17 ≥50 ≥7 255/311

250 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

COLD FINISHED
STEEL BAR

FREE CUTTING STEEL KS D3567, JIS G4804

Chemical Composition % Mechanical Properties

KS AISI C Si Mn P S Pb YP TS EL RA Impact Hardness
HB
JIS kg/mm2 kg/mm2 % % charpy

SUM11 1109 .08/.13 - .30/.60 ≤.04 .08/.13 - 43.7 32.8 58 69 121
.08/.13 - .60/.90 ≤.04 .08/.13 - 59.5 26.8 53.9 36.8 174
SUM12 1117 .08/.13 - .60/.90 ≤.04 .08/.13 -
SUM32 1137 .12/.20 - .60/1.10 ≤.04 .10/.20 - 59.5 24.8 47.3 48 167
SUM31 1141 .14/.20 - 1.00/1.30 ≤.04 .08/.13 -
1144 .14/.20 - 1.00/1.30 ≤.04 .08/.13 - 28.4
SUM41 1213 .32/.39 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .08/.13 -
.32/.39 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .08/.13 - 35.1
SUM42 .37/.45 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .08/.13 -
.37/.45 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .08/.13 -
SUM43 .37/.45 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .24/.33 -
.40/.48 - 1.35/1.65 ≤.04 .24/.33 - 35.2
SUM23 ≤.09 - .75/1.05 .04/.09 .26/.35 -
SUM21 ≤.13 - .70/1.00 .07/.12 .16/.23 -
≤.13 - .70/1.00 .07/.12 .24/.33 -
SUM22 ≤.13 - .70/1.00 .07/.12 .24/.33 -

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 251

252 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

PRODUCT LIST

NON-FERROUS METALS 254
COPPER 255
ROUND BARS, HEXAGON BARS & SQUARE BARS
FLAT BARS 256
BRASS 257
ROUND BARS, HEXAGON BARS & SQUARE BARS 258
FLAT BARS
SHEETS 259
BRONZE 260
PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUOUS CASTING / SPECIFICATIONS /
ADVANTAGES / APPLICATION
STOCK SIZES & WEIGHTS

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 253

COPPER

ROUND BARS, HEXAGON BARS & SQUARE BARS

WEIGHTS CHART (Imperial Units)

Dia. Round Bar Hexagon Bar Square Bar
Ib/ft Ib/ft
in kg/ft Ib/ft kati/ft kg/ft 0.052 kati/ft kg/ft 0.060 kati/ft
0.036 0.024 0.118 0.040 0.027 0.136 0.045
1/8 0.022 0.048 0.081 0.054 0.209 0.089 0.062 0.241 0.103
3/16 0.049 0.107 0.142 0.095 0.326 0.157 0.109 0.377 0.180
1/4 0.086 0.189 0.222 0.148 0.470 0.245 0.171 0.543 0.283
5/16 0.134 0.296 0.319 0.213 0.640 0.352 0.246 0.739 0.407
3/8 0.193 0.426 0.435 0.290 0.835 0.480 0.335 0.965 0.554
7/16 0.263 0.580 0.569 0.379 1.057 0.627 0.438 1.221 0.724
1/2 0.344 0.758 0.719 0.479 1.305 0.792 0.554 1.507 0.916
9/16 0.435 0.959 0.888 0.592 1.579 0.979 0.684 1.824 1.131
5/8 0.537 1.184 1.075 0.716 1.880 1.184 0.827 2.170 1.368
11/16 0.650 1.432 1.279 0.853 2.210 1.411 0.984 2.550 1.628
3/4 0.773 1.705 1.500 1.002 2.558 1.657 1.157 2.954 1.914
13/16 0.907 2.000 1.740 1.160 2.940 1.919 1.340 3.400 2.216
7/8 1.052 2.320 2.003 1.334 3.341 2.206 1.542 3.858 2.550
15/16 1.211 2.670 2.273 1.515 4.229 2.506 1.750 4.883 2.895
1.374 3.030 2.878 1.918 5.221 3.172 2.215 6.029 3.664
1 3.553 2.368 6.317 3.917 2.735 7.295 4.524
4.299 2.865 7.518 4.739 3.309 8.681 5.473
11/8 1.740 3.835 5.116 3.410 8.824 5.640 3.938 10.19 6.513
6.004 4.003 10.22 6.621 4.622 11.82 7.645
11/4 2.148 4.735 6.963 4.636 11.750 7.668 5.362 13.56 8.869
7.990 5.330 13.37 8.816 6.151 15.43 10.174
13/8 2.599 5.729 9.094 6.065 10.032 6.999 11.576
10.278
11/2 3.093 6.818 11.509
12.845
15/8 3.630 8.002 14.233
15.688
13/4 4.210 9.281 17.218
18.824
17/8 4.831 10.65 20.490
24.052
2 5.498 12.12 27.895
32.021
21/8 6.214 13.70 36.433
41.128
21/4 6.958 15.34 46.104 7.675 16.92 12.694 8.859 19.53 14.653

23/8 7.766 17.12

21/2 8.605 18.97 9.448 20.83 15.627 10.941 24.12 18.096

25/8 9.485 20.91

23/4 10.41 22.95 11.462 25.27 18.958 13.236 29.18 21.892

27/8 11.381 25.09

3 12.388 27.31 13.662 30.12 22.597 15.753 34.73 26.055
16.007 35.29 26.476 18.484 40.75 30.573
31/4 14.542 32.06 18.566 40.93 30.708 21.442 47.27 35.465
21.315 46.99 35.255 24.612 54.26 40.708
31/2 16.865 37.18 24.249 53.46 40.108 28.001 61.73 46.314

33/4 19.360 42.68

4 22.027 48.56

41/4 24.866 54.82

41/2 27.874 61.45 35.462 78.18 58.654

254 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

COPPER

FLAT BARS

SIZES AND UNIT WEIGHTS (Approx. Wt. in Ibs/ft)

Width Thickness
5/16 3/8
in 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
0.60 0.72
1/2 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.48 3.38 4.83
4.23 5.80
5/8 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.91 1.21 5.07 6.76
5.92 7.73
3/4 0.18 0.36 0.54 0.72 0.91 1.09 1.45 1.81 6.76 8.69
8.45 9.66
7/8 0.42 0.63 0.85 1.06 1.27 1.69 2.11 2.54 11.59

1 0.24 0.48 0.72 0.97 1.21 1.45 1.93 2.42 2.90 15.46

11/4 0.60 0.91 1.21 1.51 1.81 2.42 3.02 3.62 23.18
11/2 0.36 0.72 1.09 1.45
13/4 0.85 1.27 1.69 1.81 2.17 2.90 3.62 4.35
2 0.97 1.45 1.93
2.11 2.54 3.38 4.23 5.07

2.42 2.90 3.86 4.83 5.80

21/4 1.09 1.63 2.17 3.26 4.35 5.43 6.52
21/2 1.21 1.81 2.42
23/4 1.33 2.66 3.02 3.62 4.83 6.04 7.25
3 1.45 2.17 2.90
3.62 4.35 5.80 7.25 8.69

31/4 3.14 3.92 9.42
31/2 1.69 2.54 3.38
4 1.93 2.90 3.86 5.07 6.76 8.45

4.83 5.80 7.73 9.66 11.59

41/2 4.35 8.69 10.87
5 3.62 4.83
9.66

6 5.80 7.25 8.69 11.59 17.39

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 255

BRASS

ROUND BARS, HEXAGON BARS & SQUARE BARS

JIS H3250 C3604B/BS2874 CZ121/122

WEIGHTS CHART (Imperial Units)

Dia. Round Bar Hexagon Bar Square Bar
Ib/ft kg/ft
in kg/ft 0.045 kati/ft kg/ft Ib/ft kati/ft Ib/ft kati/ft
0.102 0.033 0.023 0.026 0.058 0.043
1/8 0.020 0.181 0.076 0.051 0.050 0.038 0.059 0.130 0.098
3/16 0.046 0.283 0.136 0.091 0.105 0.231 0.174
1/4 0.082 0.407 0.212 0.142 0.112 0.084 0.163 0.360 0.270
5/16 0.128 0.555 0.306 0.204 0.235 0.519 0.389
3/8 0.185 0.724 0.417 0.278 0.200 0.151 0.320 0.706 0.529
7/16 0.252 0.917 0.543 0.362 0.418 0.922 0.691
1/2 0.328 1.132 0.688 0.459 0.312 0.235 0.529 1.167 0.875
9/16 0.416 1.369 0.849 0.566 0.654 1.441 1.082
5/8 0.513 1.630 1.027 0.685 0.449 0.337 0.805 1.774 1.331
11/16 0.621 1.905 1.222 0.815 0.941 2.075 1.556
3/4 0.739 2.218 1.429 0.953 0.612 0.460 1.098 2.420 1.816
13/16 0.864 2.535 1.664 1.109 1.281 2.824 2.119
7/8 1.006 2.897 1.902 1.266 0.799 0.599 1.465 3.230 2.423
15/16 1.150 3.667 2.173 1.449 1.673 3.689 2.767
1.314 4.527 2.751 1.834 1.011 0.759 2.118 4.669 3.503
1 5.478 3.396 2.264 2.615 5.764 4.325
6.519 4.110 2.740 1.248 0.936 3.163 6.974 5.232
7.651 4.891 3.260 3.765 8.300 6.227
8.873 5.739 3.827 1.510 1.133 4.418 9.741 7.307
10.190 6.657 4.438 5.126 11.300 8.478
11.590 7.645 5.094 1.797 1.348 5.883 12.970 9.730
13.029 8.695 5.797 6.695 14.760 11.074
14.670 9.775 2.100 1.576
16.270 11.006 14.014
18.110 12.207 2.446 1.834
19.870 13.588 17.301
21.910 14.903 2.790 2.094
23.840 16.437 20.931
26.080 17.880 3.195 2.397
30.460 19.567 24.908
11/8 1.663 35.600 22.858 4.043 3.033 29.102
11/4 2.053 40.560 26.709 34.076
13/8 2.485 46.140 30.434 4.992 3.745 38.743
11/2 2.957 34.618 44.077
15/8 3.470 6.040 4.032
13/4 4.025
17/8 4.622 7.188 5.392

2 5.257 8.436 6.330

9.784 7.340

11.230 8.425

12.780 9.688

21/8 5.910 7.335 16.170 12.132 8.473 18.680
21/4 6.654
23/8 7.380 9.058 19.970 14.982 10.460 23.060
21/2 8.215
25/8 9.010 10.959 24.160 18.126 12.655 27.900
23/4 9.938
27/8 10.810 13.041 28.750 21.670 15.059 33.200
17.595 38.790
3 11.830 20.602 45.420
23.424 51.640
31/4 13.820 26.649 58.750
31/2 16.148
33/4 18.400

4 20.930

256 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

BRASS

FLAT BARS

SIZES AND UNIT WEIGHTS (Approx. Wt. in Ibs/ft)

Width 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 Thickness 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1
in 5/16 3/8
0.57 0.69 1.14 1.72 4.58
1/2 0.11 0.23 0.34 0.46 0.71 0.86 1.37 2.00 2.40 5.49
0.86 1.03 1.60 2.29 2.75 3.20 6.41
5/8 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 1.00 1.20 1.83 2.86 3.43 4.00 7.32
1.14 1.37 2.29 3.43 4.12 4.80 8.24
3/4 0.17 0.34 0.51 0.69 1.43 1.72 2.75 4.00 4.80 5.60 9.15
1.72 2.06 3.20 4.58 5.49 6.41 10.98
7/8 0.40 0.60 0.80 2.00 2.40 3.66 5.15 6.18
2.29 2.75 4.12 5.72 6.86 8.01 14.64
1 0.23 0.46 0.69 0.92 4.58
3.09 21.96
11/4 0.57 0.86 1.14 2.86 3.43

11/2 0.34 0.69 1.03 1.37

13/4 0.80 1.20 1.60

2 0.92 1.37 1.83

21/4 1.03 1.54 2.06

21/2 1.14 1.72 2.29

23/4 1.26 2.52

3 1.37 2.06 2.75 3.43 4.12 5.49 6.86 8.24

31/4 3.72 5.95 8.92

31/2 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.80 6.41 8.01

4 1.83 2.75 3.66 4.58 5.49 7.32 9.15 10.98

41/2 4.12 8.24 10.29
5 3.42 4.58
9.15

6 5.49 6.86 8.24 10.98 16.47

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 257

BRASS

SHEETS

JIS H3100 C2801P 1/2 HARD

IMPORTED BRASS PLATE FROM JAPAN - SAMBO

Gauge Thickness Width Length Weight

mm 14” 48” 0.83
14” 48” 1.13
6 OZ 0.22 14” 48” 1.31
8 OZ 0.30 14” 48” 1.54
10 OZ 0.35 14” 48” 1.88
12 OZ 0.54 14” 48” 2.06
14 OZ 0.50 2’ 9.64
16 OZ 0.55 2’ 4’ 7.72
16 G 1.50 2’ 4’ 5.79
18 G 1.20 2’ 4’ 4.50
20 G 0.90 2’ 4’ 3.21
22 G 0.70 2’ 4’ 6.43
24 G 0.50 2’ 4’ 12.86
1.00 2’ 4’ 14.79
2.00 2’ 4’ 19.29
2.30 2’ 4’ 30.61
3.00 2’ 4’ 40.83
4.50 2’ 4’ 61.24
6.00 2’ 4’ 81.65
9.00 4’ 4’ 13.61
12.00 4’ 8’ 18.00
0.50 4’ 8’ 23.15
0.70 4’ 8’ 30.86
0.90 4’ 8’ 38.85
1.20 4’ 8’ 51.44
1.50 4’ 8’ 77.16
2.00 4’ 8’ 122.43
3.00 4’ 8’ 163.32
4.50 4’ 8’ 244.98
6.00 4’ 8’ 326.64
9.00 8’
12.00

258 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

BRONZE

PRINCIPLE OF CONTINUOUS CASTING

Molten bronze is poured from a furnace into a crucible which is cemented to the neck of a
graphite die. The lower half of the die is water cooled, the metal sets in this section and is
withdrawn through two sets of rollers. A flying saw mounted below the roller cuts the bar to the
required length. Continuous cast rod has greatly improved physical properties compared with
normal sand-cast material. Because of the bottom pouring conditions and rapid cooling the
metal receives in the cooling zone, inclusions are completely eliminated, grain structure is tight
and even giving excellent pressure tightness qualities. Tensile strength and wearing qualities are
increased by up to 35%.

SPECIFICATIONS

Our standard stock bronze is listed below. Other specifications can be supplied on request
provided sufficient quantity is ordered.

Material Specification: ------------------------BS.1400 LG2-C
British Standard ------------------------JIS H5111 BC6C
Japanese Standard ------------------------ASTM SAE 40
American Standard
ASTM B145-52.4A
Approximate Chemical Composition ASTM 584-85a C83600
------------------------Copper 85%
Typical Mechanical Properties : U.T.S. Tin 5%
Zinc 5%
Yield Stress Lead 5%
Elongation ------------------------18 Tons/in2
Hardness (Brinell No.) 28 kg/mm2
17 Tons/in2 BS.1400(min)
------------------------10 Tons/in2
15 kg/mm2
------------------------25%
15% BS.1400(min)
------------------------80

ADVANTAGES

Constant research and improved production techniques ensure top quality material with many
advantages :-

Reduced machining allowance - less waste
Reduced tool wear
Higher machining speeds
Excellent mechanical properties
Freedom from gas and porosity
Close grain structure provides good pressure resistance

APPLICATION

General purpose bearings, Automotive and Machine
Hydraulic Components
Gears, Worm Wheels
Valve seats
Slide valves
Rock drill parts
Crusher bearings
Hose nozzles
Irrigation equipment
Rollers
Washers
Wear rings

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 259

BRONZE

STOCK SIZES & WEIGHTS

Outside Dia. Inside Dia. Solid Weight Outside Dia. Inside Dia. Solid Weight
mm(in) mm(in) kg/ft kg/ft mm(in) mm(in) kg/ft kg/ft
22(7/8) 1.2 82.5(31/4) 15.02
25.5(1) 12.5(1/2) 1.54 .93 89(31/2) 44.5(13/4) 17.38 11.11
28.5(11/8) 12.5(1/2) 1.93 1.28 51(2) 9.87
31(11/4) 2.34 1.10 96(33/4) 19.91 8.45
16(5/8) 0.89 101(4) 57(21/4) 22.6 6.87
35(13/8) 19(3/4) 2.82 1.66 63.5(21/2) 5.11
38(11/2) 12.5(1/2) 3.34 1.49 108(41/4) 69.5(23/4) 25.47
41(15/8) 16(5/8) 3.89 1.27 115(41/2) 28.51 16.18
44.5(13/4) 19(3/4) 4.49 1.01 25.5(1) 15.44
22(7/8) 2.09 121(43/4) 31.5(11/4) 31.73 14.54
51(2) 12.5(1/2) 5.81 1.91 127(5) 35.11 13.47
16(5/8) 1.74 38(11/2) 12.22
57(21/4) 19(3/4) 7.31 1.44 139.5(51/2) 44.5(13/4) 42.40 10.81
22(7/8) 1.14
63.5(21/2) 25.5(1) 8.98 2.39 51(2) 9.22
16(5/8) 2.17 57(21/4) 7.46
69.5(23/4) 19(3/4) 10.83 1.71 63.5(21/2) 5.53
22(7/8) 1.61 69.5(23/4) 17.97
76(3) 25.5(1) 12.84 3.07 14.76
12.5(1/2) 2.68 76(3) 11.75
82.5(31/4) 19(3/4) 15.02 2.13 31.5(11/4) 9.99
25.5(1) 1.40 8.06
31.5(11/4) 2.68 51(2) 21.40
25.5(1) 1.95 63.5(21/2) 19.76
31.5(11/4) 4.23 69.5(23/4) 17.45
12.5(1/2) 3.84 14.45
19(3/4) 3.60 76(3) 12.69
22(7/8) 3.29 10.76
25.5(1) 2.55 25.5(1) 9.23
31.5(11/4) 1.65 38(11/2) 6.99
38(11/2) 5.55 17.32
12.5(1/2) 5.17 51(2) 15.56
19(3/4) 4.61 63.5(21/2) 13.63
25.5(1) 3.88 69.5(23/4) 12.09
31.5(11/4) 2.98 26.40
38(11/2) 6.67 76(3) 23.36
19(3/4) 6.11 82.5(31/4) 20.36
25.5(1) 5.38 16.67
31.5(11/4) 4.48 89(31/2) 15.13
38(11/2) 3.40 63.5(21/2) 12.90
44.5(13/4) 2.16 69.5(23/4) 10.50
8.34 7.93
51(2) 7.78 76(3) 26.58
19(3/4) 7.05 82.5(31/4) 23.57
25.5(1) 6.14 21.81
31.5(11/4) 5.07 38(11/2) 19.88
38(11/2) 3.82 51(2) 16.12
44.5(13/4) 9.62 11.14
8.89 63.5(21/2) 33.50
51(2) 7.90 76(3) 29.96
6.91 26.96
25.5(1) 5.67 82.5(31/4) 23.27
31.5(11/4) 4.25 89(31/2) 19.50
11.64 96(33/4) 14.53
38(11/2) 10.90 101(4) 11.78
44.5(13/4) 10.00 8.89
8.93 51(2) 37.24
51(2) 7.68 63.5(21/2) 35.83
57(21/4) 6.27 69.5(23/4) 34.24
25.5(1) 4.68 30.55
31.5(11/4) 13.82 76(3) 26.78
38(11/2) 13.09 89(31/2) 24.38
44.5(13/4) 12.19 21.81
101(4) 19.07
51(2) 38(11/2) 16.15
57(21/4)
63.5(21/2) 51(2)
63.5(21/2)
25.5(1)
31.5(11/4) 76(3)
89(31/2)
38(11/2)
101(4)
108(41/4)
115 (41/2)

51(2)
57(21/4)
63.5(21/2)

76(3)
89(31/2)
96(33/4)

101(4)
108(41/4)
115 (41/2)

260 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

BRONZE

Continuously Cast
Centrifugally Cast

Outside Dia. Inside Dia. Solid Weight Outside Dia. Inside Dia. Solid Weight
mm(in) mm(in) kg/ft kg/ft mm(in) mm(in) kg/ft kg/ft
152.5(6) 50.36 355(14)
51(2) 45.21 381(15) 203(8) 189.00
165(61/2) 63.5(21/2) 60.19 42.21 228(9) 166.00
38.52 406(16) 254(10) 140.00
178(7) 76(3) 69.60 34.75 279(11) 112.00
89(31/2) 29.78 432(17) 304(12)
190(71/2) 79.70 24.12 330(13) 81.00
101(4) 17.78 457(18) 203(8) 47.00
203(8) 115(41/2) 90.50 10.75 228(9) 229.00
48.35 483(19) 254(10) 206.00
228(9) 127(5) 112.56 44.57 279(11) 181.00
254(10) 139.5(51/2) 138.82 39.61 508(20) 304(12) 152.00
279(11) 167.78 33.95 533(21) 330(13) 121.00
304(12) 76(3) 200.00 27.61 559(22) 355(14) 87.00
89(31/2) 20.58 228(9) 50.00
330(13) 57.78 254(10) 249.00
101(4) 49.03 279(11) 223.00
115 (41/2) 43.37 304(12) 195.00
37.03 330(13) 164.00
127(5) 30.00 355(14) 130.00
139.5(51/2) 22.29 381(15) 93.00
67.00 254(10) 54.00
76(3) 59.15 279(11) 264.00
101(4) 47.15 304(12) 235.00
115 (41/2) 40.12 330(13) 203.00
127(5) 32.41 355(14) 167.00
139.5(51/2) 24.01 381(15) 130.00
152.5(6) 78.69 406(16) 90.00
69.95 279(11) 56.58
76(3) 57.95 304(12) 283.00
101(4) 43.20 330(13) 251.00
127(5) 34.80 355(14) 216.00
139.5(51/2) 25.72 381(15) 179.00
152.5(6) 93.60 406(16) 138.00
165(61/2) 81.60 432(17) 95.00
66.86 304(12) 49.00
76(3) 49.38 330(13) 313.00
101(4) 29.14 355(14) 268.00
127(5) 108.00 381(15) 230.00
152.5(6) 93.26 406(16) 190.00
165(61/2) 75.78 432(17) 146.00
178(7) 55.55 457(18) 101.00
101(4) 32.58 330(13) 51.00
127(5) 138.00 355(14) 329.00
152.5(6) 123.00 381(15) 292.00
178(7) 105.00 406(16) 253.00
203(8) 85.00 432(17) 210.00
127(5) 60.67 457(18) 165.00
152.5(6) 170.00 355(14) 118.00
178(7) 155.00 381(15) 348.00
203(8) 137.00 406(16) 309.00
228(9) 117.00 432(17) 267.00
127(5) 94.00 457(18) 222.00
152.5(6) 68.00 483(19) 174.00
178(7) 152.00 381(15) 124.00
203(8) 129.00 406(16) 369.00
228(9) 103.00 432(17) 326.00
127(5) 76.00 457(18) 281.00
152.5(6) 43.00 483(19) 234.00
178(7) 183.00
203(8) 508(20)
228(9) 130.00
254(10)
203(8)
228(9)
254(10)
279(11)
304(12)

SOLID <6” + 1.5mm + .060” CORED <3” -1.5mm -.060”
Machining Allowance O/D >6” + 3.0mm + .125” Machining Allowance I/D >3” -3.0mm -.125”
<152.5mm <76mm
>152.5mm >76mm 261

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

262 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

APPENDIX 264
GAUGE TABLE 265
CONVERSION FACTORS

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY 263

APPENDIX

GAUGE TABLE

S.W.G. Standard Wire Gauge B.W.G. Birmingham (or Stubs Iron) Wire Gauge
B.G. Birmingham Gauge B.S. American Brown and Sharp’s Gauge
U.S.G. US. government Standard Gauge

S WG B W GB G B S US G
inch mm inch mm
No. inch mm inch mm .666 16.932 - - inch mm
.625 15.875 .580 14.730 .5000 12.70
0/7 .500 12.700 - - .588 14.943 .516 13.120 .4688 11.91
.542 13.757 .460 11.684 .4375 11.11
0/6 .464 11.785 - - .500 12.700 .410 10.404 .4063 10.32
.445 11.308 .365 9.266 .3750
0/5 .432 10.973 .500 12.700 .396 10.068 .325 8.252 .3438 9.53
.353 8.971 .289 7.348 .3125 8.73
0/4 .400 10.160 .454 11.532 .315 7.993 .258 6.543 .2813 7.94
.280 7.122 .229 5.827 .2656 7.15
0/3 .372 9.449 .425 10.795 .250 6.850 .204 5.189 .2500 6.75
.223 5.651 .182 4.620 .2344 6.35
0/2 .348 8.839 .380 9.652 .198 5.032 .162 4.115 .2188 5.95
.176 4.480 .144 3.665 .2031 5.56
0 .324 8.23 .340 8.636 .157 3.988 .129 3.264 .1875 5.16
.140 3.551 .114 2.906 .1719 4.76
1 .300 7.620 .300 7.620 .125 3.157 .102 2.588 .1563 4.37
.111 2.827 .091 2.304 .1406 3.97
2 .276 7.010 .294 7.214 .099 2.517 .081 2.052 .1250 3.57
.088 2.240 .072 1.829 .1094 3.18
3 .252 6.401 .259 6.579 .079 1.994 .064 1.628 .0938 2.78
.070 1.775 .057 1.450 .0781 2.38
4 .232 5.893 .238 6.045 .063 1.587 .051 1.290 .0703 1.98
.056 1.412 .045 1.151 .0625 1.79
5 .212 5.385 .220 5.588 .050 1.257 .040 1.024 .0563 1.59
.0440 1.118 .0359 .912 .0500 1.43
6 .192 4.877 .203 5.156 .0392 .996 .0320 .813 .0438 1.27
.0349 .886 .0285 .724 .0375 1.11
7 .176 4.470 .180 4.572 .0313 .794 .0253 .643 .0344
.0278 .707 .0226 .574 .0313 .953
8 .160 4.064 .165 4.191 .2248 .629 .0201 .511 .0281 .873
.0220 .560 .0179 .455 .0250 .794
9 .144 3.658 .148 3.759 .0196 .498 .0159 .404 .0219 .714
.0175 .443 .0142 .361 .0188 .635
10 .128 3.251 .134 3.404 .0156 .397 .0126 .320 .0172 .556
.0139 .353 .0113 .287 .0156 .478
11 .116 2.946 .120 3.048 .0123 .312 .0100 .254 .0141 .437
.0110 .279 .0089 .227 .0125 .496
12 .104 2.642 .109 2.769 .0098 .249 .0080 .202 .0109 .358
.0087 .221 .0071 .180 .0102 .318
13 .092 2.337 .095 2.413 .0077 .196 .0063 .160 .0094 .278
.0069 .175 .0056 .143 .0086 .258
14 .080 2.032 .083 2.108 .0061 .155 .0050 .127 .0078 .238
.0054 .137 .0045 .113 .0070 .218
15 .072 1.829 .072 1.829 .0048 .122 .0040 .101 .0066 .198
.0043 .109 .0035 .090 .0063 .179
16 .064 1.626 .065 1.651 .00386 .098 .0031 .080 .0059 .169
.0055 .159
17 .056 1.422 .058 1.473 .149
.139
18 .048 1.219 .049 1.245

19 .0400 1.016 .042 1.067

20 .0360 .914 .035 .889

21 .0320 .813 .032 .813

22 .0280 .711 .028 .711

23 .0240 .610 .025 .635

24 .0220 .559 .022 .559

25 .0200 .508 .020 .508

26 .0180 .457 .018 .457

27 .0164 .417 .016 .406

28 .0148 .376 .014 .356

29 .0136 .345 .013 .330

30 .0124 .315 .012 .305

31 .0116 .295 .010 .254

32 .0108 .274 .009 .228

33 .0100 .254 .008 .203

34 .0092 .234 .007 .178

35 .0084 .213 .005 .127

36 .0076 .193 .004 .101

37 .0068 .173 - -

38 .0060 .152 - -

39 .0052 .132 - -

40 .0048 .122 - -

264 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

APPENDIX

CONVERSION FACTORS
LINEAR MEASURE

Millimeter Centimeter Meter Inch Foot Yard Mile
mm cm m in ft yd mi

Millimeter (mm) 1 0.1 0.001 0.03937 0.0032808 0.0010936 0.0 6214
Centimeter (cm) 10 1 0.01 0.3937 0.032808 0.010936 6
Meter (m) 1,000 100 1 39.37 3.28083 1.0936
Inch (in) 25.4 2.54 0.0254 1 0.0833 0.02778 0.056214
Foot (ft) 304.8 30.48 0.3048 12 1 0.3333 0.0 6214
Yard (yd) 914.4 91.44 0.9144 36 3 1
Mile (mi) 1,609,347 160,934.7 1,609.35 63,360 5,280 1,760 3

0.0 1578
4

0.0 1894
3

0.0 5682
3

1

SQUARE MEASURE Square Square Square Square Square Square
Millimeter Centimeter Meter Inch Foot Yard
Square millimeter (mm2) in2 ft2 yd2
Square centimeter (cm2) mm2 cm2 m2
Square meter (m2) 0.00155 0.0 10764 0.0 119599
Square inch (in2) 1 0.01 0.0 1 0.154999 4 5
Square foot (ft2) 100 1 5 1,549.99
Square yard (yd2) 1,000,000 10,000 1 0.0010764 0.0 119599
645.2 6.452 0.0001 144 10.7639 3
92,900 929 1 1,296
836,100 8,361 0.026452 0.006944 1.19599
0.0929 1 0.037616
0.8361 9 0.11111
1

CUBE MEASURE Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic
Centimeter Meter Inch Foot Yard
Cubic centimeter (cm3) cm3 m3 in3 ft3 yd3
Cubic meter (m3)
Cubic inch (in3) 1 0.0 1 0.06102 0.0 3531 0.0 1308
Cubic foot (ft3) 1 ,000,000 5 61,023 4 5
Cubic yard (yd3)
16.39 1 1 35.31 1.308
28,317 0.041639 1,728 0.035787 0.042143
764,500 0.028317 46,660 1 0.03704
0.7645 1
27

WEIGHT

Kilogram Ounce Pound Net ton Gross ton Metric ton
kg oz Ib (2,000 Ibs) (2,240 Ibs) (1,000 kg)
nt gt t

Kilogram (kg) 1 35.274 2.20462 0.001102 0.0 9842 0.001
Ounce (oz) 0.02835 1 0.0625 3 0.0 2835
Pound (Ib) 0.45359 1 0.0 3125
Net ton (nt) 907.185 16 2,000 4 0.0 2790 4
Gross ton (gt) 1,016.05 32,000 2,240 4
Metric ton (t) 1,000 35,840 2,204.62 0.0005 0.034536
35,274 0.034464 0.90719
1 0.89286 1.01605
1
1.12 1
265
1.10231 0.98421

Note:
The small subnumeral following a zero indicates that the zero is to be repeated that number of time, thus 0.0 4 = 0.0004

3

YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY

APPENDIX

WEIGHT PER LINEAR UNIT

Gram per Kilogram per Pound per Pound per Pound per
centimeter meter inch foot yard
kg/m Ib/in Ib/ft Ib/yd
g/cm
0.5056 0.0672 0.20159 2.0159
Gram per centimeter (g/cm) 1 0.1 1 0.056 0.67197 36
Kilogram per meter (kg/m) 10 17.8579 1 12
Pound per inch (Ib/in) 1.48816 0.08333 1 3
Pound per foot (Ib/ft) 178.5 0.49605 0.02778 0.3333 1
Pound per yard (Ib/yd) 148,816

4.96054

WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA Kilogram per Kilogram per Metric ton per
square centimeter square meter square meter
Kilogram per square centimeter (kg/cm2) kg/cm2 kg/m2 t/m2
Kilogram per square meter (kg/m2)
Metric ton per square meter (t/m2) 1 10,000 10
Pound per square inch (Ib/in2) 0.0001 1 0.001
Pound per square foot (Ib/ft2) 0.1 1
0.0703067 1,000 0.7031
0.0004882 703.06686 0.004882
4.8824087

WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLUME Kilogram per Kilogram per Metric ton per
cubic centimeter cubic meter cubic meter
Kilogram per cubic centimeter (kg/cm3) kg/cm3 kg/m3 t/m3
Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)
Metric ton per cubic meter (t/m3) 1 1,000,000 1,000
Pound per cubic inch (Ib/in3) 0.000001 1 0.001
Pound per cubic foot (lb/ft3) 0.001 1
0.02768 1,000
0.000016 27,680.4 27.6804
0.01602
16.0196

ENERGY B.t.u. Calories Ft-lb Kg-m Hp-hr Kw-hr Joules

B.t.u. (mean) 1 0.252 778 107.563 0.0 3929 0.0 2931 1,054.8
Calories (mean) 3.968 1 3,091.36 426.84 3 3 4,185
Ft-lb 0.001285 0.0 3239
Ft-ton 2.571 1 0.1383 0.001559 0.001163 1.355
Kg-m 0.009297 3 2,000 276.511 0.0 505 2,712.59
Hp-hr 2,544.99 0.0 3767
Kw-hr 3,411.57 0.6478 7.23301 -- 6 6 9.806
Joules (absolute) 0.0 9477 0.002343 1,980,000 273,747 2,685,600
Lb C 641.327 2,654,200 366,959 0.00101 0.0 7535 3,600,000
Lb H O 3 859.702 0.0 3653 3
0.0 2389 0.73735 0.101937 1
2 14,544 11,315,000 1,564,396 5 0.0 2725 153,470,000
970.4 3 5
754,971 104,379 1 1,023,966
3,665 1.34041 0.746
244.537 0.0 3725
1
6
0.0 2778
5.714 6
0.38127
4.263

0.284424

Note.
The small subnumeral following a zero indicates that the zero is to be repeated that number of time, thus 0.0 4 = 0.0004.

3

266 YICK HOE GROUP OF COMPANY