AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC I

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Received vehicle
1.2 Prepared vehicle for servicing
2. Resource 1.3 Prepared vehicle for releasing
implications 1.4 Applied safety practices

3. Method of The following resources MUST be provided:
assessment 2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
2.2 Appropriate Tools & Equipment
4. Context of 2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
assessment 2.4 Manuals and references

Competency may be assessed through:
3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Demonstration with Oral questioning
3.3 Interview
3.4 Written Evaluation
3.5 Third Party Report

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 49

CORE COMPETENCIES

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PRE-DELIVERY INSPECTION

UNIT CODE : ALT723372

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
pre-delivery inspection in order to ensure that the
brand new and pre-owned vehicle is in optimal
condition before the actual handover.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Prepare for pre- CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

delivery inspection Italicized terms are  Required items of  Obtaining job
elaborated in the vehicle order
2. Perform physical
and functional Range of Variables  Factory-loaded parts  Locating vehicle
inspection
1.1 Pre-delivery  Pre-delivery  Preparing required
inspection checklist inspection items
is obtained from
immediate  Installation of  Inspecting factory-
supervisor. required items loaded parts

1.2 Vehicle is located  Coordinated transfer  Coordinating
based on pre- of vehicle transfer of vehicle
delivery inspection
documents.  PPEs

1.3 Required items  Coordination for  Coordinating
are prepared transfer of vehicle to transfer vehicle to
following inspection inspection area inspection area
procedures.
 Restoration of  Restoring vehicle
1.4 Transfer of vehicle vehicle
to inspection area is  Checking vehicle
coordinated  Checking of vehicle
following standard - Physical  Accomplishing
operating - Functional inspection
procedures. checklist
 Procedure in
2.1 Walk-around is accomplishing  Wearing PPEs
conducted inspection checklist
according to  Conducting walk-
industry practices.  OSHS around

2.2 Factory-loaded  PPEs  Inspecting factory-
parts are inspected loaded parts
following  Walk-around
manufacturer’s procedures  Applying minor
standard corrective
procedure.  Inspection of factory- measures
loaded parts
2.3 Vehicle is restored
following standard  Minor corrective
operating
procedures.

2.4 Vehicle is checked
following standard
operating
procedures.

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 50

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
3. Complete work
processes Italicized terms are measures  Reading fluid
elaborated in the levels
 Hydraulics
Range of Variables  Measuring methods  Endorsing vehicle
 Arithmetic, ratio and  Disposing wastes
2.5 Minor corrective  Accomplishing
measures are proportion
applied following  Proper disposal of pre-delivery
manufacturer’s checklist
manual. waste and spills  Preparing report
 Accomplishment of
2.6 Inspection checklist
is accomplished pre-delivery
based on checklist
manufacturer’s  Preparation of report
standards.  Reading of tire
pressure gauge
2.7 PPEs are worn  Adjustment of tire
based on OSHS. pressure
 Application of
3.1 Initial quality corrective measures
inspection is for minor defects
performed based
on workplace
procedure

3.2 Minor defects are
corrected following
manufacturer’s
manual

3.3 Wastes are
disposed according
to environmental
standards

3.4 Vehicle is endorsed
to immediate
superior following
industry procedures

3.5 Defects are
reported following
industry procedures

3.6 Pre-delivery
checklist is
accomplished and
submitted
according to
industry procedures

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 51

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
May include:
1. Required items 1.1 Tire pressure gauge
1.2 Fender cover
2. Factory-loaded parts 1.3 Steering wheel cover
1.4 Seat cover
3. Restoration of vehicle 1.5 Shifting knob cover
1.6 Floor mat cover
4. Checking of vehicle
May include:
5. Minor corrective 2.1 Wheel caps
measures 2.2 Wheel covers
2.3 Spare wheel
6. Correction of minor 2.4 Tow hook
defects 2.5 Tool Kit
2.6 Early warning device
7. Defects 2.7 Owner’s Handbook Manual
2.8 Spare Key
2.9 Floor Mats
2.10 Jack Set

May include:
3.1 Installation of factory-loaded parts
3.2 Removal of towing eyelets, labels, tags, stickers,

covers, and body protective films
3.3 Adjustment of tire pressure
3.4 Removal of spring locks

May include:
4.1 Operation of electrical components
4.2 Checking of fluid levels
4.3 Checking for leaks
4.4 Checking of vehicle performance
4.5 Checking of minor defects

May include:
5.1 Correct Brake fluid
5.2 Correct Coolant level
5.3 Correct Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF)

May include:
6.1 Fluid level correction
6.2 Tightening of bolts and nuts
6.3 Adjustment of tire pressure

May include:
7.1 Mechanical
7.2 Electrical
7.3 Body Paint
7.4 Scratches
7.5 Dents

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 52

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Prepared for pre-delivery inspection
1.2 Performed physical and functional inspection
2. Resource 1.3 Completed work processes
implications
The following resources MUST be provided:
3. Method of 2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
assessment 2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
4. Context of 2.4 Training vehicle or simulators
assessment
Competency MUST be assessed through:
3.1 Written exam
3.2 Demonstration with oral questioning

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 53

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE

UNIT CODE : ALT723373

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
periodic maintenance of gasoline and diesel
engine in order to maintain optimum engine
performance and prevent serious engine trouble.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Prepare for CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

inspection and Italicized terms are  OSHS  Clarifying
service engine elaborated in the  Wearing of PPEs instructions
 Job requirements
2. Inspect engine Range of Variables  Servicing  Locating
1.1 Job requirements appropriate
information sources of
are determined  Safety practices information
from workplace  Sourcing out and efficiently
instructions
1.2 Servicing interpretation of  Reading and
information is servicing information interpreting job
sourced and  Different hazards requirements
interpreted associated with the
1.3 Hazards associated work  Sourcing and
with the work are  Risk management interpreting
identified and risks  Selection and servicing
are managed inspection of tools, information
1.4 Tools, equipment equipment and
and materials are materials  Practicing safety
selected and  Wearing PPEs
checked for Attitude:  Identifying different
serviceability  Patience
 Attention to details hazards
2.1 Inspection is  Time conscious associated with
carried out  Honest the work
according to  Managing risk
manufacturer  Knowledge on  Selecting and
specifications, engine automotive inspecting tools,
workplace components equipment and
procedures and materials
safety  Different measuring
requirements tools  Interpreting
- Spark plug gauge information from
2.2 Inspection results - Multi-tester manufacturer’s
are compared with repair manual
manufacturer  Characteristics of when seeking
specifications drive belt engine service
procedures and
2.3 Inspection findings  Measurement of specifications
fluid level
 Calculating liquid
 Characteristics of volumes and
fluids and oils service schedule
intervals, using
mathematical
operations,

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 54

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
3. Service engine CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

4. Complete work Italicized terms are  Inspection including addition
processes elaborated in the procedures and subtraction
 Reporting
Range of Variables  Use of measuring inspection findings
are reported tools and make repair
according to recommendations
workplace  Automotive engine  Carrying out
procedures, fundamentals inspection
including  Comparing
recommendations  OSHS inspection results
for necessary  Wearing of PPEs  Wearing PPEs
repairs or
adjustments Attitude:  Interpreting
 Patience information from
2.4 PPEs are worn  Attention to details manufacturer’s
following OSHS  Time conscious repair manual
 Honest
3.1 Service and  Engine oil filter  Calculating liquid
adjustments are  Air cleaner element volumes and
carried out  Fuel filter service schedule
according to  Basic Carburetor intervals, using
manufacturer mathematical
specifications, System operations,
workplace  Adjustment of valve including addition
procedures, and and subtraction
safety and tappet clearance
environmental  Simple arithmetic  Recording
requirements, and  Use of Special irregularities
without causing
damage to Service Tools  Carrying out
components or  OSHS service and
systems  Wearing of PPEs adjustments
 Inspection and
3.2 Irregularities are  Carrying out post-
recorded using replacement of service testing
inspection sheet engine oil and filter
according to  Post-service testing  Wearing of PPEs
workplace  Applying safety
procedures Attitude:
 Patience practices
3.3 Post-service  Attention to details
testing is carried  Time conscious  Tagging faulty
out according to  Honest tools and
workplace equipment legibly
procedures  OSHS and accurately
 Wearing of PPEs
3.4 PPEs are worn  Final inspection  Completing tool
3.5 Safety practices are and equipment
procedure
applied  Checking and 55
4.1 Initial quality
storing of tools and
inspection is
performed based
on workplace
procedure
4.2 Vehicle is turned
over to immediate

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

Italicized terms are equipment service and
elaborated in the  Restoration of work maintenance
schedules
Range of Variables area  Recording of
 Service standard service made
supervisor for final  Restoring work
inspection to operating procedure area
ensure work is  Waste management  Inspection skills
done according to  5S  Practicing waste
workplace  3Rs management
standards  Fix it right the first  Checking and
expectations storing tools and
4.3 Work area is time all the time equipment
restored following  Workplace  Preparing
standard operating workplace
procedure documentation documentation
4.4 Waste
management is Attitude:
practiced according  Patience
to 5S of good  Attention to details
housekeeping  Time conscious
4.5 Tools and  Honest
equipment are  Respect people
checked and stored
according to
workplace
procedures
4.6 Workplace
documentation is
prepared according
to workplace
procedures

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 56

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
May include:
1. Checking of tools and 1.1 Tagging of faulty tools and equipment
equipment 1.2 Servicing and maintenance of tools and equipment

2. Inspection May include:
2.1 Pre- and post-service inspections for oil and fluid
3. Safety requirements
leaks
4. Service 2.2 Analyzing abnormal engine noises
2.3 Inspecting battery
5. Environmental 2.4 Inspecting air cleaner element
requirements 2.5 Inspecting engine oil
2.6 Inspecting engine coolant
6. Post-service testing 2.7 Inspecting drive belt
2.8 Inspecting spark plug
TR – Automotive Servicing NC I 2.9 Inspecting fuel filter

May include:
3.1 Work health and safety (WHS) and occupational

health and safety (OHS) requirements, including
procedures for working with:
3.1.1 Rotating and hot components
3.1.2 Engine oils
3.1.3 High energy ignition and charging systems
3.1.4 Hazardous materials

May include:
4.1 Replacing engine oil
4.2 Replacing engine oil filter
4.3 Cleaning/replacing air cleaner element
4.4 Replacing engine coolant
4.5 Replacing drive belt
4.6 Cleaning/replacing spark plug
4.7 Replacing fuel filter
4.8 Adjustment of idle speed and idle mixture for

carburated engine
4.9 Adjustment of idle speed (diesel with injection

pump)
4.10 Removal of water from water sedimenter
4.11 Bleed fuel system (diesel)
4.12 Adjust valve clearance

May include :
5.1 Procedures for trapping of fluids released from

engines
5.2 Procedures for storing of fluids released from

engines
5.3 Procedures for disposing of fluids released from

engines

May include:
6.1 Starting up and running engine to operating

temperature
6.2 Checking for leaks and abnormal noises

Promulgated February 27, 2018 57

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Prepared for inspection and service engine.
1.2 Inspected engine.
2. Resource 1.3 Serviced engine.
implications 1.4 Completed work processes.

3. Method of The following resources MUST be provided:
assessment 2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
4. Context of 2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
assessment 2.4 Repair manuals and related reference materials

Competency MUST be assessed through:
3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Written examination
3.3 Demonstration with oral questioning

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 58

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF
DRIVE TRAIN

UNIT CODE : ALT723374

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
periodic maintenance of vehicle’s drive train such
as Manual, Automatic & Continuously Variable
Transmission (CVT) in order to keep it in top
condition and prevent serious trouble.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Perform pre- CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

service Italicized terms are  Use of PPEs  Identifying job
preparations elaborated in the  OSHS requirement
 Vehicle user’s
2. Conduct periodic Range of Variables  Reading service
maintenance of manual Manual
drive trains 1.1 Job requirements  Drive train repair
are determined  Sourcing servicing
based on drive train order information
repair order.  Service standard
 Inspecting
1.2 Servicing operating procedure transmission fluids
information is  Servicing condition
sourced from
service manual. information  Acquiring
 Types of transmission fluids
1.3 Vehicle mileage is
used as reference transmission fluids  Preparing tools
for changing fluid  Condition of  Managing hazards
following
manufacturer’s transmission fluids and risks
specification.  Inspection associated in the
workplace
1.4 Fluids condition are procedure  Applying OSHS
inspected  Preparation of tools  Reading odometer
according to  Management of
manufacturer’s  Draining
service workshop hazards and risks transmission fluids
manual.  Different tools for
 Replacing
1.5 Fluids are acquired periodic transmission fluids
according to vehicle maintenance of drive
specification. train  Cleaning drain
 Job requirements plug
1.6 Tools are prepared  Odometer reading
based on drive train  Replacing drain
repair order.  OSHS
 Wearing of PPEs
1.7 Hazards and risks  Procedure in
associated in the
workplace are draining and
managed following replacing
OSHS. transmission fluids
 Procedure in
2.1 Fluids are replaced
according to
manufacturers’
service manual.

2.2 Drain plug is
cleaned following
manufacturers’

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 59

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
3. Perform post-
service activities Italicized terms are cleaning drain plug plug washers
elaborated in the  Lubrication of  Lubricating

Range of Variables propeller shafts propeller shafts
 Drive train  Inspecting cracks
service manual.
2.3 Propeller shafts are components and leaks of drive
 Procedure in train components
lubricated  Reporting findings
according to inspecting cracks  Applying safety
manufacturer’s and leaks practices
service workshop  Procedure in  Wearing PPEs
manual. reporting findings  Communication
2.4 Cracks and leaks of skills
drive train  Cleaning of
components are transmission dipstick  Confirming fluid
inspected following level
manufacturer’s  5S of Good
service workshop housekeeping  Disposing wastes
manual.  Performing final
2.5 Findings are  Fluid level
reported to  Waste disposal inspection
immediate superior  Spill control  Accomplishing
following  Procedure of final
company’s repair order
standard inspection  Restoring
procedures.  Accomplishment of
2.6 Safety practices are workplace
applied following Repair Order  Applying safety
OSHS.  Restoration of
2.7 PPEs are worn practices
workplace
3.1 Fluid level is  OSHS
confirmed following
company’s
standard
procedures.

3.2 Initial quality
inspection is
performed based
on workplace
procedure

3.3 Vehicle is turned
over to immediate
supervisor for final
inspection to
ensure work is
done according to
workplace
standards
expectations

3.4 Wastes are
disposed according
to good
housekeeping
practices.

3.5 Job done is written

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 60

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

Italicized terms are
elaborated in the

Range of Variables

down on the Repair
Order.
3.6 Workplace is
restored according
company’s
standard
procedure.
3.7 Safety practices are
applied following
OSHS

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 61

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
May include:
1. Inspection of fluids 1.1 Visual
1.2 Smell
2. Fluids 1.3 Texture
1.4 Age of fluid (mileage and months)
3. Tools
May include:
4. Drive train components 2.1 Manual transmission

2.1.1 Brake fluids/Clutch fluids
2.1.2 Gear oil
2.2 CVT and automatic
2.2.1 CVT fluids
2.2.2 Automatic transmission fluid (ATF)

May include but not limited to:
3.1 Basic hand tools
3.2 Special service tools
3.3 Oil bucket
3.4 Trouble light

May include but not limited to:
4.1 Clutch
4.2 Transmission
4.3 Transfer case
4.4 Propeller shaft
4.5 Differentials (Front and rear)
4.6 Constant Velocity Rubber Boots

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 62

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Performed pre-service preparations
1.2 Conducted periodic maintenance of drive trains
2. Resource 1.3 Performed post-service activities
implications 1.4 Applied safety practices

3. Method of The following resources MUST be provided:
assessment 2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
4. Context of 2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
assessment 2.4 Repair manuals and related reference materials

Competency MUST be assessed through:
3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Written examination
3.3 Demonstration with oral questioning

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 63

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF
BRAKE SYSTEM

UNIT CODE : ALT723375

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
periodic maintenance of vehicle’s brake system in
order to keep it in top condition and prevent
serious trouble.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Prepare for CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

periodic Italicized terms are  Manufacturer’s  Determining job
maintenance of elaborated in the specification requirements
brake system
Range of Variables  Sourcing out of  Sourcing servicing
2. Carry-out periodic 1.1 Job requirements service information information
maintenance
procedures are determined  Planning for periodic  Preparing tools
based on brake maintenance of  Managing hazards
system repair order. brake system
1.2 Servicing and risks
information is  Preparation of tools associated in the
sourced from for brake system workplace
service manual. repair  Communication
1.3 Tools are prepared skills
based on brake  Service information  Applying safety
system repair order.  Tools for brake practices
1.4 Hazards and risks
associated in the system maintenance  Inspecting brake
workplace are  Brake system repair system
managed following components and
OSHS. order condition
 Management of
2.1 Brake system  Measuring brake
components and hazards and risks pads and shoes
condition are  OSHS thickness
inspected according
to manufacturer’s  Brake system  Measuring brake
service workshop components drum diameter
manual
 Inspection of brake  Measuring rotor
2.2 Findings and system components disc run-out
recommendations
are reported to  Measuring thickness  Measuring pedal
immediate superior of brake lining height
following
company’s  Introduction to anti-  Lubricating brake
standard lock brake system caliper guide pins
procedures.
 Inspection of brake  Bleeding brake
2.3 Maintenance system components system
measures are
applied according  Procedure in  Adjusting parking
to instruction of cleaning and brake lever and
immediate lubricating brake cable tension
supervisor superior caliper guide pins

 Bleeding of brake
system

 Adjustment of
parking brake lever/
pedal travel and
cable tension

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 64

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
3. Complete periodic
maintenance Italicized terms are  Calibration of  Calibrating electric
procedure elaborated in the electric parking parking brake
brake
Range of Variables  Reporting findings
and manufacturer’s  OSHS and
manual.  Pedal height recommendations
 Measurement of
2.4 Safety practices are  Applying OSHS
applied following brake system  Communication
OSHS. components
 Linear measurement skills
3.1 Initial quality  Report preparation
inspection is of findings and  Disposing wastes
performed based recommendations  Accomplishing
on workplace  Waste management
procedure  Report preparation repair order
 Restoration of  Restoring
3.2 Vehicle is turned workplace
over to immediate  OSHS workplace
supervisor for final  5S  Checking,
inspection to  3Rs
ensure work is cleaning, and
done according to storing tools and
workplace equipment
standards  Applying safety
expectations practices

3.3 Wastes are
disposed according
to good
housekeeping
practices.

3.4 Job done is written
down on the Repair
Order.

3.5 Tools and
equipment are
checked, cleaned
and stored following
workplace
procedure

3.6 Workplace is
restored according
company’s
standard procedure

3.7 Safety practices are
applied following
OSHS

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 65

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
Includes:
1. Tools 1.1 Basic hand tools
2. Brake system 1.2 Special tools

components May include:
2.1 Fluids
3. Brake system condition 2.2 Pad thickness
2.3 Rotor disc
2.4 Brake pedal free play
2.5 Parking brake
2.6 Brake pads/shoes
2.7 Brake caliper
2.8 Brake pipe
2.9 Brake drums
2.10 Disc brake

2.10.1 Rotor disc
2.10.2 Brake pads
2.10.3 Brake caliper
2.10.4 Retainer
2.10.5 Slider bolt
2.11 Drum brake
2.11.1 Brake drum
2.11.2 Brake shoe
2.11.3 Wheel cylinder
2.12 Other components
2.12.1 Fluids
2.12.2 Brake pipe
2.12.3 Brake master
2.12.4 Brake booster
2.12.5 Parking brake

May include:
3.1 Leakage
3.2 Worn out
3.3 Corrosion
3.4 Crack
3.5 Foreign object
3.6 Bending
3.7 Deformation
3.8 Cut
3.9 Fluid quality

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 66

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competency 1.1 Prepared for periodic maintenance of brakes system
1.2 Carried out period maintenance procedures
2. Resource 1.3 Inspected and maintained brake system components
Implications 1.4 Completed periodic maintenance procedure
1.5 Applied safety practices
3. Method of
assessment The following resources MUST be provided:
2.1 Workplace: real or simulated work area
4. Context of 2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
assessment 2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
2.4 Repair manuals and related reference materials

Competency MUST be assessed through:
3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Demonstration with oral questioning
3.3 Written exam

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 67

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF
SUSPENSION SYSTEM

UNIT CODE : ALT723376

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
periodic maintenance of vehicle’s suspension
system in order to keep it in top condition and
prevent serious trouble.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Perform pre- CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

periodic Italicized terms are  Suspension system  Interpreting
maintenance of elaborated in the fundamentals specifications
suspension based on
system Range of Variables  Use of service manufacturer’s
1.1 Job requirements information service workshop
2. Apply periodic resources manual.
maintenance are determined
procedures based on  Use of job/ repair  Preparing
suspension system order specified tools,
repair order. equipment and
1.2 Servicing information  Use of inspection materials for
is sourced from checksheets suspension system
service manual. maintenance.
1.3 Tools, equipment  Tools, equipment
and materials are and materials for  Managing hazards
prepared based on maintenance of and risk in the
suspension system suspension system workplace.
repair order.
1.4 Hazards and risks  Installation of  Installing
associated in the protective covers protective covers
workplace are
managed following  Hazards and risk  Practicing Safety
OSHS.  Work safety  Inspecting
1.5 Protective covers  OSHS
are installed based suspension system
on standard Attitudes: components
operating procedure.  Full attention to  Writing job done
on repair order
2.1 Inspection details  Applying corrective
procedures are  Time conscious measures
applied according to  Complies to  Reporting findings
service manual and
standards recommendations
2.2 Suspension  Suspension system  Communication
system skills
components are fundamentals
inspected according  Suspension system
manufacturer’s
service workshop fundamentals
manual - Wheel bearing

2.3 Suspension fundamentals
bolts/fasteners are - Threaded
tightened to
fasteners
fundamentals
- Torque wrench
fundamentals
- Tire
fundamentals

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 68

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
3. Perform work to
completion Italicized terms are  Use of service  Mathematical skills
elaborated in the information
resources (ex:
Range of Variables repair manual)

specified torque.  Use of Job/repair
2.4 Defects and order

damage are  Bounce test
reported to  Use of inspection
immediate superior.
2.5 Findings and checksheets
recommendations  Application of
are reported to
immediate superior corrective
following company’s measures
standard  Mensuration
procedures.  Metric system
2.6 Safety practices are  Reporting of
applied following findings and
OSHS. recommendations
 OSHS
 PPEs

3.1 Wastes are disposed Attitudes:  Practicing good
according to good  Full attention to housekeeping
housekeeping
practices details  Following standard
 Time conscious
3.2 Initial quality  Complies to  Reporting results
inspection is of inspection
performed based on standards
workplace procedure  Endorsing and
 Waste management hand-over vehicle
3.3 Vehicle is endorsed fundamentals
and hand-over to  Performing initial
immediate superior  Initial quality quality inspection
for road test and inspection
final inspection.  Accomplishing
 Vehicle job/repair order
3.4 Job done is written endorsement and
down on the repair hand-over  Applying OSHS
order.
 Accomplishment of
3.5 Workplace is job/repair order
restored according
company’s standard  5S
procedure  3Rs
 OSHS
3.6 Safety practices are
applied following Attitudes:
OSHS  Good housekeeping

habit
 Full attention to

details
 Time conscious
 Complies to

standards

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 69

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
Includes:
1. Tools 1.1 Basic tools
2. Inspection techniques 1.2 Special tools
3. Suspension system
May include:
components 2.1 Bounce test
2.2 Vehicle height
4. Defects and damage
May include:
3.1 Stabilizer
3.2 Stabilizer links
3.3 Stabilizer links
3.4 Coil springs, torsion bar, bar bushing, and leaf

spring
3.5 Upper and Lowers arms
3.6 Suspension bushings
3.7 Ball joints
3.8 Fasteners

3.8.1 Suspension bolts
3.8.2 Suspension nuts
3.8.3 Wheel nuts
3.9 Damper/shock absorber
3.10 Wheel bearing
3.11 Tire wheel
3.12 Shock mounting

May include:
4.1 Leaks on damper/shock absorber
4.2 Crack bushing
4.3 Loose ball joints
4.4 Worn-out tires

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 70

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Performed pre-periodic maintenance of suspension

2. Resource system
implications 1.2 Applied periodic maintenance procedures
1.3 Performed work to completion
3. Method of
assessment The following resources MUST be provided:
2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
4. Context of 2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
Assessment 2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
2.4 Repair manuals and related reference materials

Competency MUST be accessed through:
3.1 Demonstration with oral questioning
3.2 Written exam
3.3 Interview

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 71

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM PERIODIC MAINTENANCE OF
STEERING SYSTEM

UNIT CODE : ALT723377

UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This competency unit covers the ability to carry out
periodic maintenance for both manual and power
steering system in order to keep it in top condition
and prevent serious trouble.

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
1. Perform pre- CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS

periodic Italicized terms are  Steering system  Interpreting
maintenance of elaborated in the fundamentals specifications
steering system
Range of Variables  Use of service  Preparing
2. Apply periodic information specified tools,
maintenance 1.1 Job requirements resources equipment and
procedures are determined materials for
based on steering  Use of job/repair steering system
system repair order. order maintenance

1.2 Servicing  Tools, equipment  Managing hazards
information is and materials for and risk in the
sourced from maintenance of workplace
service manual. steering system
 Installing
1.3 Tools, equipment  Installation of protective covers
and materials are protective covers
prepared based on  Sourcing out
steering system  OSHS servicing
repair order. information
Attitudes:
1.4 Hazards and risks  Full attention to  Determining job
associated in the requirements for
workplace are details steering system
managed following  Time conscious
OSHS.  Complies to  Applying safety
practices
1.5 Protective covers standards
are installed based  Inspecting steering
on standard  Steering system system
operating fundamentals components
procedure. - Threaded
fasteners  Writing job done
2.1 Steering system fundamentals. on repair order
components are - Torque wrench
inspected fundamentals.  Applying
according - Hydraulic steering maintenance
manufacturer’s fundamentals measures
service workshop - Electric steering
manual. fundamentals  Reporting findings
- MIL illumination and
2.2 Findings and recommendations
recommendations  Use of service
are reported to information  Communication
immediate superior resources (ex. SM, skills
following Bulletins, etc.)
company’s  Mathematical skills
standard  Following manual
procedures.  Practicing Safety

2.3 Power steering fluid

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 72

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE REQUIRED REQUIRED
CRITERIA KNOWLEDGE SKILLS
3. Perform work to
completion Italicized terms are  Use of Job/repair  Following standard
elaborated in the order  Reporting results

Range of Variables  Use of inspection of inspection
is replaced based checksheets  Performing initial
on manufacturer’s
service workshop  Application of quality inspection
manual. maintenance  Applying OSHS
measures  Managing waste
2.4 Steering wheel free  Performing final
play inspection is  Mensuration
conducted based  Metric system inspection
on service manual.  Reporting of findings  Accomplishing

2.5 Defects and and repair order for job
damages are recommendations done
reported to  OSHS  Restoring
immediate  PPEs workplace
supervisor.  Practicing safety
Attitudes: and 5S
2.6 Safety practices are  Full attention to  Handling tools and
applied following equipment
OSHS. details
 Time conscious
3.1 Wastes are  Complies to
disposed according
to good standards
housekeeping  Waste management
practices  Initial quality

3.2 Initial quality inspection
inspection is  Information from job/
performed based
on workplace repair order
procedure  5S
 3Rs
3.3 Job done is written  OSHS
down on the Repair  Accomplishing repair
Order.
order
3.4 Workplace is  Restoration
restored according
company’s workplace
standard procedure  Handling of tools

3.5 Safety practices are and equipment
applied following
OSHS

3.6 Tools and
equipment are
checked, cleaned,
and stored following
5S

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 73

RANGE OF VARIABLES RANGE
VARIABLE
May include but not limited to the following:
1. Steering system 1.1 Steering column
components 1.2 Steering shaft
1.3 Steering shaft bearing
2. Inspection of steering 1.4 Steering universal joints
system components 1.5 Steering column adjustment mechanism
1.6 Electronic power steering
3. Defects and damages 1.7 Hydraulic power steering
1.8 Tie-rods and rack end
1.9 Rack and pinion gear box
1.10 Steering wheel
1.11 Fastener
1.12 Fluids
1.13 Reservoir and Vane pump
1.14 Recirculating gear box
1.15 Hydraulic hose

May include:
2.1 Looseness
2.2 Wear
2.3 Damage
2.4 Free-play
2.5 Leaks
2.6 Abnormal noise
2.7 Malfunction on electric power steering

May include:
3.1 Damage on steering rack boot
3.2 Power steering fluid leaks

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 74

EVIDENCE GUIDE

1. Critical aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
competency 1.1 Performed pre-periodic maintenance of steering system
1.2 Applied periodic maintenance procedures
2. Resource 1.3 Performed work to completion
implications
The following resources MUST be provided:
3. Method of 2.1 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
assessment 2.2 Appropriate Tools & equipment
2.3 Materials relevant to the activity
4. Context of 2.4 Repair manuals and related reference materials
assessment
Competency MUST be assessed through:
3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Written exam
3.3 Demonstration with oral questioning

4.1 Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
workplace or through accredited institution

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 75

SECTION 3. TRAINING ARRANGEMENTS

These standards are set to provide technical and vocational education and
training (TVET) providers with information and other important requirements to
consider when designing training programs for Automotive Servicing NC I.

3.1 CURRICULUM DESIGN

Course Title: AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC Level NC I

Nominal Training Duration: 28 Hours (Basic Competencies)
Course Description: 162 Hours (Common Competencies)
279 Hours (Core Competencies)
469 Hours

This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitudes of an
individual in the field of automotive servicing in accordance with industry
standards. It covers core competencies such as; performance of basic engine
servicing through removal and reinstallation of components for gas and diesel
engines.

This course is also designed to enhance the basic and common
knowledge, skills and attitudes of an individual in the field of automotive servicing.

To obtain this, all units prescribed for this qualification must be
achieved.

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018 76

BASIC COMP
28 Hou

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency 1.1 Follow routine
1. Receive and  Read:
respond to spoken messages o Parts of a speech
workplace o Parts of a senten
communication 1.2 Perform workplace o Kinds of sentence
duties following
2. Work with written notices  Practice exercise co
others receiving and clarifyi
2.1 Develop effective information/ commun
workplace
relationship  Describe organizatio
policies/guidelines in
processing internal/e
information

 Read:
o Communication p
o Work practices in
communications
o Receiving and cla
communications,
information

 Practice exercise:
o Oral and written c
o Following written
information
o Recording messa

 Read:
o Job description a
arrangement.
o Organization’s po

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

PETENCIES Methodology Assessment Nominal
urs Approach Duration
 Lecture
ctivities  Demonstration  Written 8 hours
examination
h
nce  Observation
e
onciseness in  Group  Oral evaluation
ing messages/ discussion
nication  Written
onal  Lecture examination
n regard to
external  Demonstration  Observation

processes
n handling

arifying
, messages and

communications  Lecture  Written 6 hours
n/oral instruction/ examination
 Group
ages discussion  Oral evaluation

and employment  Demonstration  Observation

olicy relevant to

77

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency
work role
o Team structure
o Supervision and

requirements incl
o Code of conduct

 Describe
o Open communica
o Performance app
- Formal/inform
appraisal
- Personal refle
strategies
- Obtaining fee
supervisor an
o Routine organiza
monitoring servic

 Practice
o Cooperation and
o Team structuring
o OHS Code
o Routine task ana
o Work effectively w
o Requesting advic
feedback
o Monitoring of ser

 Apply use of ethical

 Apply use of persona
organized work prior

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration
accountability
luding OHS

ation channels
praisal
mal performance

ective behavior

edback from
nd colleagues
ation methods for
ce delivery

good relationship
g

alysis
with team
ce and receiving

rvice delivery
sentences
al decision and
rities in the

78

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency
2.2 Contribute to work workplace
group activities
 Apply use of technol
task in the workplace

 Describe
o Quality and conti
improvement pro
standard
o Legal and organi
policy/guidelines
o Clarifying the org
preferred task co
o Open communica

 Read:
o Explaining /clarify
o Helping colleague
o Providing encour
o Undertaking extra
necessary
o Goals, objectives
and process
o Resources param

 Practice:
o Writing routine or
instruction or wor
o Application of pla
Organizing and p

 Apply proper person
with others thru:
o Social
o Cultural and with

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration

logy for a given

e

 Group  Oral evaluation

inues discussion  Written
examination
ocesses and  Interaction
 Observation
izational  Demonstration

and requirements

ganization’s

ompletion methods

ation

ying
es
ragement
a task if

s, plans system

meters definition

r task of simple
rk plan
anning skills in
prioritizing work

nal relationship

h

79

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency
3.1 Define the purpose o Ethnic backgroun
3. Demonstrate of work  Apply use of appropr
work values
3.2 Apply work in performing task
values/ethics  Apply Workplace haz

3.3 Deal with ethical control
problems
 Read:
o Purpose of Work
o Benefits gained o

 Practice exercise on
and working conditio

 Read Concept of wo
 Describe Company p

guidelines
 Apply work values an

a simulated environm
 Practice inventory of

industry resources

 Describe
o Company/industr
o Company’s ident
problems
o Work practices
o Work incidents/ s

 Read Work ethical s

 Practice exercise
o Standard operatin
dealing with pres
depicting ethical
o Report writing an

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration
nd
riate technology

zards, risks and

 Lecture  Written 8 hours
examination
k  Lecture
out of work  Group  Written
n simulating work examination
on discussion
ork values/ethics  Demonstration  Oral evaluation
policies and  Role Play  Observation

nd work ethics in
ment
f company’s/

ry resources  Group  Oral evaluation
tified ethical discussion
 Written
situation  Lecture examination
standard  Demonstration
 Role Play  Observation

ng procedures in
sent situation
problems in work
nd documentation

80

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency
3.4 Maintain integrity of  Describe:
4. Practice basic conduct in the
housekeeping o Fundamental righ
procedures workplace including gender

o Corporate social
o Human Relations
o Interpersonal Rel
o Value Formation
o Professional Cod
Ethics

 Read:

o Work responsibili

 Practice exercise on

responsibilities, corp

responsibilities

 Role play proper inte

relationship

 Practice professiona

and ethics towards w

4.1 Sort and remove  Read:
unnecessary items o Principles of 5S
o Safety signs and

 Practice and demons

 Practice Exercise in

reporting procedures

 Apply environmental

analyzing and perfor

4.2 Arrange items  Practice Exercise in

at work

4.3 Maintain work  Describe:

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration
hts at work  Group
sensitivity discussion  Oral evaluation
responsibilities  Written
s  Lecture
lations  Demonstration examination
 Role Play
 Observation

de of Conduct and

ities/ functions

n Simulating work
porate and social

er personal

al code of conduct  Lecture  Written 6 hours
work  Demonstration examination
 Role Play
symbols  Observation
strate 5S  Demonstration
Accident/Hazard  Observation
s
l requirement in
rming work
arranging items

 Group  Oral evaluation

81

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency areas, tools and
equipment o Maintenance sys
o Maintenance of to
4.4 Follow
standardized work equipment
process and  Read:
procedures
o Maintenance of to
4.5 Perform work equipment
spontaneously
o Good Housekeep
 Practice exercise on

towards work
 Apply standardized w

procedures in perfor
activities

 Practice Exercise on s

performance

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
stem Approach Duration
ools and discussion
 Lecture  Written
ools and  Demonstration examination

 Observation

ping procedures
n proper attitude

work process and  Demonstration  Observation
rming work

spontaneous work  Demonstration  Observation

82

COMMON COM
162 Ho

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency

1. Validate vehicle 1.1 Check body type of  Enumerate the differ
specification the vehicle
vehicle

 Explain the differenc

vehicle

 Identify the measurin

vehicle

 Explain the procedur

vehicle dimension an

 Describe the differen

the vehicle

 Differentiate kinds of

 Explain the function

train

 Discuss occupationa

health standard in ch

type of a vehicle

 Identify different kind

 Measure vehicle dim

weight

 Identify vehicle body

 Identify vehicle powe

 Apply safety practice

1.2 Check vehicle  Discuss the different
engine type  Enumerate the differ

fuel/energy system

 Describe the differen

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

MPETENCIES
ours

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
rent kinds of Approach Duration
ce of each kind of  Lecture
ng points of the  Demonstration  Written exam 7 hrs
 Video  Demonstrate
3 hrs
presentation

res in measuring
nd weight

nt body shapes of

f power train
of each power

al safety and
hecking the body

ds of vehicle
mensions and

y shapes  Lecture  Written exam
er train  Demonstrate
es  Demonstration
t kinds of engine
rent kinds of  Video
presentation
nt engine

83

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency

components

 Identify different kind

 Identify different type

system

 Identify different eng

1.3 Check vehicle  Inspect VIN plate of
specifications  Verify vehicle specifi

 Check vehicle modif

conversions

 Inspect vehicle conv

 Explain different veh

regulations in the Ph

1.4 Complete  Explain verification o

validation of vehicle ownership using rep

specification vehicle reference ma

 Discuss procedures

check sheet

 Discuss submission

2. Move and 2.1 Prepare vehicle for  Explain vehicle multi

position vehicle operation  Enumerate cockpit d

 Initialize engine start

 Perform parking brak

 Show vehicle operat

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration

ds of engine 4 hrs
es of fuel/energy
3 hrs
gine components  Lecture  Written exam
the vehicle  Demonstration  Demonstrate 16 hours
ication  Video
fications and  Written exam
presentation  Demonstrate
versions
hicle related  Lecture
hilippine  Demonstration
of vehicle  Video
pair order and
aterials presentation

in accomplishing

of check sheet  Lecture  Demonstration
discussion  Written exam
i point inspection  Interview
drill procedure  Demonstration
tup
ke  Video
tional procedures presentation

 Workshop visit

84

2.2 Position vehicle  Determine workshop

 Discuss the procedu

workshop hazards

 Define occupational

standards

 Move the vehicle

 Explain workshop ru

regulations

2.3 Park and stop the  Explain parking rules
vehicle  Park vehicle

 Outline parking princ

 Shut-off vehicle

3. Utilize 3.1 Prepare automotive  Identify and select au
automotive tools
tools and attachments

 Discuss inspection a

procedures

 Describe the defects

automotive tools and

 Discuss OSHS in pre

automotive tools

 Prepare automotive

attachments

3.2 Use automotive  Discuss the procedu
tools attachments to autom

 Discuss the procedu

the power supply to

 Discuss the procedu

the power tools

 Discuss the utilizatio

 Identify PPEs

 Discuss OSHS in us

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

p hazards  Lecture  Demonstration 16 hours
ure in avoiding  Written exam
 Demonstration  Interview
health and safety
 Video
presentation

ules and

s and regulations  Lecture  Demonstration 8 hours
 Demonstration  Written exam 6 hrs
ciples  Video  Interview
6 hrs
utomotive tools presentation  Written
examination
and selection  Lecture
 Demonstration  Interview
s and damages of  Visual aids  Demonstration
d attachments  Videos  Practical
eparation of
examination

tools and

ure in mounting  Lecture  Written
motive tools  Demonstration examination
ure in connecting  Visual aids
power tools  Videos  Interview
ure in operating
 Demonstration
on of hand tools
 Practical
examination

sing automotive

85

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency
tools
4. Perform
mensuration  Use automotive tools
and calculation
 Use PPEs

3.3 Maintain  Discuss the procedu
automotive tools checking for servicea

of automotive tools a

 Discuss the procedu

and reporting defects

 Discuss the proper w

 Demonstrate the pro

of automotive tools

 Demonstrate disposa

4.1 Select measuring  Describe measuring
instruments  Select measuring ins

 Inspect and calibrate

instruments

 Report and return de

measuring instrumen

 Demonstrate safety

4.2 Carry out  Explain formulas for

measurements and perimeters of plane a

calculation figures

 Explain the procedur

tools’ limit of accurac

 Measure required au

 Read tools’ limit of a

 Inspect and calibrate

instruments

4.3 Maintain measuring  Identify PPEs

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration

s 4 hrs

ure in cleaning,  Lecture  Written 9 hours
ability, and storing  Visual aids examination
and attachments  Videos 29 hours
ure in identifying  Demonstration
s and damages 5 hours

waste segregation

oper maintenance

al of wastes  Demonstration  Demonstration
instruments
struments  Video  Written exam
e measuring presentation  Oral

efective  Lecture questioning
nts Discussion
practices
volume, areas,  Workshop visit
and geometric
 Demonstration  Demonstration
re in reading
cy  Video  Written exam
utomotive parts presentation
accuracy  Oral
e measuring  Lecture questioning
Discussion

 Workshop visit

 Demonstration  Demonstration

86

Unit of Learning Outcomes Learning Act
Competency instruments
 Discuss cleaning pro
5. Utilize 5.1 Perform pre- measuring instrumen
workshop operation activities
facilities and  Enumerate steps in s
equipment 5.2 Use facilities and instruments
equipment
 Wear PPEs
 Clean measuring ins
 Re-inspect and re-ca

measuring instrumen

 Identify different area
automotive service fa

 Explain the preparati
automotive service fa

 Enumerate different
automotive service fa

 Discuss the preparat
of equipment

 Describe minor repa
facilities and equipm

 Describe defective e
 Identify reporting pro

defective equipment
 Discuss OSHS pract

the preparation of fac
equipment
 Prepare workshop fa
equipment

 Explain the operation
according to operatio

 Describe how facilitie

TR – Automotive Servicing NC I Promulgated February 27, 2018

ctivities Methodology Assessment Nominal
Approach Duration
ocedures of  Video
nts presentation  Written exam 9 hrs
storing
 Lecture  Oral 5 hours
Discussion questioning

strument tools  Lecture  Demonstration
 Demonstration  Written exam
alibrate  Video  Interview
nts
presentation
as of an
acilities  Workshop visit

ion procedures of
acilities

equipment in the
acilities

tion procedures

airs in automotive
ment

equipment

ocedures for

tices related to
cilities and

acilities and

n of equipment  Lecture  Demonstration
on manual  Demonstration  Written exam
 Video  Interview
es are utilized

87