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Keep Calm and Carry On

Hera Javaid
Professor Meredith
ENG. 1302 Sec. 2021
11 May 2016

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Table of Contents

Writing Topic 3..............................................................................................................................................2
Original Image ...............................................................................................................................................3
Annotated Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 4
Visual Argument............................................................................................................................................7
To abort or not to abort? ............................................................................................................................. 8

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Writing Topic 3

In this paper I will be discussing the pros and cons of abortion. I will use my visual
argument to talk about how abortion should be put to an end.

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Original Image

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Annotated Bibliography

Ministry of Information. Keep Calm and Carry On. Poster. 1939. Alnwick.

The poster of Keep Calm and Carry On was produced by the British Government
in 1939. The poster was made with the intention to keep up British morale during
the Second World War. It was designed by the Ministry of Information in the
summer of 1939. Each and every poster is accompanied by the symbol of the
Tudor Crown. The Tudor Crown, which is also known as the King’s Crown or the
Imperial Crown, is a symbol that is used very often in the United Kingdom. It
symbolizes the governmental source of authority within the United Kingdom. The
poster has attracted much interest over the years and because of its popularity it
has yet to become outdated.

Cohen, I. Glenn. “Are All Abortions Equal? Should There Be Exceptions To The
Criminalization Of Abortion For Rape And Incest?” Journal Of Law, Medicine &
Ethics 43.1 (2015): 87-104. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 May. 2016

Are All Abortions Equal discusses whether or not all abortions should be listed
under the same category. Whether it may be abortion in cases of rape, incest, or
unprotected sex they should not be listed as the same. The author believes that
“abortion should be criminalized, but with [certain] exceptions carved out”
(Cohen 87). Rape and incest should not be criminalized into the same category as
other types of abortion because it is not the victims fault. The author then goes on
to question if the mother’s life is just as important as the unborn child’s life. He
explains how “those who think that abortion is morally wrong and should be

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criminalized do not need to give no value to the mother’s interests” (Cohen 88).
Cohen goes on to argue that fetuses may have more rights than actual humans
because “fetuses are persons and/or get some of the rights of persons from early
on in their development…” (Cohen 95). The author points out that many people
may have good and bad reasons to have an abortion, but all abortions should be
taken into consideration and not all be criminalized. Cohen’s primary argument in
this article is to showcase rape and incest as an exception in regards to the crime
of abortion.

Ahmed, Aziza. "Informed Decision Making And Abortion: Crisis Pregnancy Centers,
Informed Consent, And The First Amendment." Journal Of Law, Medicine &
Ethics 43.1 (2015): 51-58. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 May. 2015.
This article informs the reader about how there is little being done to inform
pregnant women on wanting to receive an abortion. Women are given false and
misleading information about abortion in the hopes that they may not get an
abortion. Crisis Pregnancy Centers are to “[deliver] with the intent to dissuade
women from accessing abortion” (Ahmed 51). Ahmed argues about the unfairness
of these clinics and how instead of misinforming the patient “the patient should
[be able to] make his or her own determination about treatment” (Ahmed 52).
The patient can only be able to make this decision if “…the patient possesses
enough information to enable an informed choice” (Ahmed 52). The author
explains how necessary it is for a patient to be informed about abortions before
making any decisions. Ahmed believes that it is crucial for abortion services to do
“a complete analysis [that] might go beyond a simple consideration of

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reproductive outcomes and should take on the financial, emotional, and physical
toll on women” (Ahmed 56). Women seeking out credible information may have
a harder time if they have fewer financial resources. It is now up to women to
educate themselves on abortion.

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Visual Argument

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To abort or not to abort?

In today’s society, abortion has become a controversial topic of interest, but what
isabortion? Abortion is the premeditated termination of a human fetus. It is performed in
many different ways. The many different methods of abortion depend on how far along
one is in their pregnancy. Some of these methods are; dilation and curettage, dilation and
evacuation, hysterotomy, intracardinal injection, prostaglandin, saline injection, medical
abortion, and suction abortion. The most common abortion method is vacuum aspiration,
also known as the suction method. This procedure is performed by a suction curette being
inserted into the uterus after the woman’s cervix has been properly dilated. The tube then
powerfully suctions the baby by tearing its body apart until it has completely went
through the hose that is suctioning. The remnants of the fetus are then stored into a
container for disposal. There are many other forms and methods of abortion that are
similar to the suction method, but many people are not aware as to exactly what the
procedures are and how they are performed. Therefore, it is important for one to be
advised on the methods and procedures before forming an opinion on the matter. In this
essay, I will discuss the differing viewpoints of abortion.

Although abortion can be a timely procedure there are many other things that
must be taken into consideration when formulating an opinion on whether or not it should
be allowed. There are certain cases that many people believe should allow abortion to be
an option if it comes down to it. One of the reasons many people believe abortion should
not be completely banned is rape. Rape is unfortunate and it is not always avoidable. A
woman who falls victim to rape and becomes pregnant should be allowed to have a voice
as to whether or not she would like to go through with the pregnancy. After all, she did

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not choose to get raped, therefore, she should be able to choose what is best for her
within that situation. Another reason why one should be allowed to have an abortion is if
the birth of the child would result fatal to the mother. A woman should be able to choose
between her life and the child’s life. In the end, “abortion should be criminalized, but
with [certain] exceptions carved out” like rape and fatal childbirth (Cohen 87). Certain
reasons like these should be excused and not questioned, but reasons like abortion due to
unprotected sex is believed by many to not be allowed as easily. The reasons why some
people believe abortion should not be allowed, to those who have unprotected sex, is
because they think it is unfair to the unborn child. In their minds it is careless of women
to continuously and knowingly have unprotected sex and to then have abortions. The
unborn child should not have to face death because of failed contraception. Thus, the
choice of abortion should be based solely on situation.
Many believe that there is a stage in pregnancy “when the unborn child has developed
the capacity to feel pain during the process of abortion”, but whether or not this is true is
debatable (Collett 1213). It is also believed that the pain felt by the fetus is not just any
pain, but “pain that is long and agonizing” (Collett 1214). Many fetal surgeons recognize
this and in return they administer anesthesia to not only the mothers receiving an
abortion, but also to the unborn children. The mother and unborn child are both given
anesthesia to help fall asleep, but the unborn child is injected with pain medication as
well. The pain medication is to help ensure that the unborn baby does not move too
much, out of pain, while being terminated. Many argue that the deliberate care and
caution that is put into making sure that the fetus is comfortable and pain free proves that

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the fetus does, in fact, feel pain during the abortion procedure. Thus, it is argued that the
treatment of the fetus as a patient makes it obvious as to what the truth may really be.

Another controversial topic surrounding abortion is that fetuses do not feel pain,
therefore aborting the baby will cause no harm. While this may be true there is no
scientific evidence to support these claims. According to the findings by the American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, there is “no legitimate scientific information
that supports the statement that a fetus experiences pain” (“The Pros and Cons of
Abortion”). Ironically, the Associate Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Maureen
Condic, feels differently by stating that “the most primitive response to pain is the spinal
reflex” (“The Pros and Cons of Abortion”). Which is fully developed within eight weeks
of pregnancy. Condic goes on to explain that,” There is universal agreement that pain is
detected by the fetus in the first trimester” (“The Pros and Cons of Abortion”). The
Professor of Pediatrics, Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand also believes that, “if the fetus is beyond
20 weeks of gestation, I would assume that there will be pain caused to the fetus. And I
believe it will be severe and excruciating pain” (“The Pros and Cons of Abortion”). They
are not the only ones to believe that pain is indeed inflicted on the fetus during abortion.
Doctor Bernard N. Nathanson believes that the pain that is supposedly inflicted on the
fetus is visible through ultrasound images. He explains that when an abortion is
performed, “We see [in an ultrasound image] the child’s mouth open in a silent scream…
This is the silent scream of a child threatened imminently with extinction” (“The Pros and
Cons of Abortion”).

Some men and women argue that abortion should be necessary and available in
cases of incest, rape and fatalities. A fetus that is a result of incest has a very high

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likelihood of being born with a serious birth defect. Children who are born from parents
who are first-degree relatives are more likely to suffer early death, resulting in
psychological complications for the mother. Some may argue that it is the parents fault
for committing a crime such as incest while others would argue that “Forcing a woman
already burdened with the psychological scars of incest to bear a child who has a roughly
50:50 chance of having mental retardation or a severe birth defect is perhaps the ultimate
example of a foolish consistency that appeals to little statesmen” (Herzog). Therefore it is
important to look at this controversial topic from different viewpoints and be able to
make exceptions in regards to the situation at hand.

Although many believe it to be wrong these same people should have exceptions
as with anything else. Abortion can be, in some cases, necessary. Some cases that may
make abortion a necessity would be if it is “fatal for the mother to continue pregnancy”
(“Pros and Cons of Abortion”). In this case the mother should have the right to choose
between her life and her child’s life. The life of the woman should be taken into
consideration in this type of situation, therefore, she should be the one to decide whether
or not she wants to continue with the pregnancy since it may directly affect her health.

Abortion may also be necessary in cases of rape. Rape victims may not have
access to other forms of contraception such as the morning pill to avoid pregnancy and,
therefore, may have to rely on abortion. They are often times unaware that they have
become pregnant. Rape victims are not responsible for becoming pregnant therefore
“forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological
harm to the victim” (Lowen). Rape victims also make up less than 7 percent of the total
number of abortions that take place. In conclusion, I believe that abortion will be a topic

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that will continue to be argued for 10 years or so. This is because it is such a
controversial topic that does not seem like it will be resolved any time soon due to such
differing viewpoints and beliefs.

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Works Cited

Ahmed, Aziza. "Informed Decision Making And Abortion: Crisis Pregnancy Centers,
Informed Consent, And The First Amendment." Journal Of Law, Medicine &
Ethics 43.1 (2015): 51-58. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 May. 2015.

Cohen, I. Glenn. “Are All Abortions Equal? Should There Be Exceptions To The
Criminalization Of Abortion For Rape And Incest?” Journal Of Law, Medicine &
Ethics 43.1 (2015): 87-104. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 May. 2016

Ministry of Information. Keep Calm and Carry On. Poster. 1939. Alnwick.