E-Poster Abstracts Book

2019
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF

FOOD SAFETY AND HEALTH

E-POSTER ABSTRACTS BOOK

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)

November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),

Taichung, Taiwan

P01
Evaluation of the inhibition effects of Portulaca oleracea L. flavonoids on the

formation of heterocyclic amines in roasted meat
Jing Jing1, Jianjian Zhao1, Chao Zhao2,*, Jianbo Xiao1,*

1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical
Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.; 2College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture

and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT

The inhibition effects of Portulaca oleracea L (PO) flavonoids on the formation of
heterocyclic amines (HAs) in three roasted meat were investigated. The qualitative and
quantitative of HAs were performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Fifteen kinds of HAs including DMIP, norharman,
TMIP, harman, AαC, MeAαC, IQ, Glu-P-1, IQx, MeIQ, MeIQx, PhIP, 4,8-DiMeIQx, 7,8-
DiMeIQx, and 4,7,8-TriMeIQx were identified and quantified. The roasted beef system has
produced the most amount of HAs and the lowest one was the roasted pork. PO has a
significant inhibition effect on the formation HAs. The total amounts of HAs were reduced
more than half while treated with 5% addition of PO in all three roasted meat. The additive
of PO and flavonoids not only caused the elimination of polar HA such as PhIP and TMIP,
but also the significant decrease of the amount of non-polar HA like norharman and AαC.
The results indicated that the additive of PO and its flavonoids had the effective inhibition
effects on the formation of HAs during the high-temperature cooking procedure. The
inhibition mechanism could have correlation with the antioxidant capacity of these
additives. And the intermediate products were complexed by the additives, the amount of
hydrogen bonds and the distance between them have impacts on the inhibition capacity of
the inhibitor.

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P02
Impact of type-2 diabetes on the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols

by IR-HepG-2 cells model
Lingchao Miao1, Junlun Yue1, Jianbo Xiao1,*

1 Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, N22-Research-Building,
Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China; 999078

*E-mail address: [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT

Significant evidence from human study and clinical trial showed that polyphenols in
diets could significantly manage and prevent type-2 diabetes. However, how the type-2
diabetes affects the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols is still unclear. An
understanding of how diabetes alters the bioavailability and bioactivity will help us to
improve the benefits of dietary polyphenols for type-2 diabetes. The central hypothesis of
current proposal is that type-2 diabetes significantly influences the systemic bioavailability
and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols.

Apigenin, Baicalein, Baicalin, Isoorientin, Luteolin and Vitexin are chosen to be
investigated about the metabolism after they are added into the IR-HepG-2 cells for 24 and
48 h by UPLC/MS/MS. First of all, the cell viability of IR-HepG-2 cells are tested by being
treated with different concentrations of the flavonoids for 24 and 48 h to find the Maximum
safe concentration range. Then, the chosen concentrations of flavonoids are used to treat the
IR-HepG-2 cells to detect the rate changes of glucose consumption, glycogen content and
the proteins of IRS1/2/PI3-K/Akt -GLUT4 signaling pathways are also tested by western
blotting. On this basis, the effects of the flavonoids on the expression levels of glucose
transporter (GLUTs) in IR-HepG2 cells are also studied. In addition to that, the content of
MDA and the activity of SOD are all detected under the same situation.

Based on this cellular level study, the following investigation of animal experiments
could go well smoothly. And how the common background and mechanism of type-2
diabetes changes the bioavailability and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols at a cellular
level could be illustrated.

Keywords: Type-2 diabetes; Dietary flavonoids; IR-HepG-2 cells

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P03
Anti-inflammatory effect of p-synephrine in vitro and in vivo
Momoko Ishida1, Chihiro Takekuni1, Kosuke Nishi1,2, Takuya Sugahara1,2*

1Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime
790-8566, Japan; 2Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, 3-5-7

Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT

p-Synephrine is one of the alkaloids included in citrus. It is also contained in
traditional Chinese medicine such as Chenpi, which is a dried citrus peel, and the citrus
extracts containing p-synephrine are also used as weight loss-promoting dietary
supplement. On the other hand, the inflammatory effect of p-synephrine on macrophages
and the detailed mechanism of action have not been clarified. We herein indicated the anti-
inflammatory effects of p-synephrine on mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model mice. RAW264.7 cells were
treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, and the effect of p-
synephrine on LPS-induced hyper-inflammatory response in the cells was examined. As a
result, p-synephrine significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such
as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells
without cytotoxicity. Immunoblot analysis revealed that p-synephrine shows anti-
inflammatory effect on macrophages through downregulation of p38 phosphorylation and
NF-κB translocation into nucleus. In addition, the oral administration of p-synephrine
inhibited the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the survival rate of
SIRS model mice. Taken together, our findings indicated that p-synephrine contributes to
alleviation of hyper-inflammatory response.

Keywords: p-synephrine, Anti-inflammatory effect, macrophage, SIRS

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P04
Anti-allergic effect of docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) on RBL-2H3 cells and

pollinosis mice
Yoshiki Kanayama1, In-Hae Kim1, Takuya Sugahara1,2, Kosuke Nishi1,2,*

1Departmet of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi,
Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; 2Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime

University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Because the number of allergic patients is recently increasing worldwide, preventing
and relieving allergies are of great importance. Especially, pollinosis is a serious problem in
Japan. About 30% of Japanese people are reported to have pollinosis. Since anti-allergy
medicines sometimes induce adverse side effects, mitigating pollinosis symptoms by
consuming functional foods with no adverse effects is much preferable. Epidemiological
studies have shown the anti-allergy effect of fish oils; however, the mechanism remains to be
elucidated. Hence, we focused on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its metabolites. As a
result, we discovered docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA), a DHA metabolite, as an anti-
allergy molecule.
A β-hexosaminidase release assay using rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells was carried
out to evaluate the anti-allergy effect of DHEA. DHEA suppressed IgE-mediated
degranulation in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Increase in intracellular Ca2+
concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by antigen stimulation was inhibited by DHEA. In addition,
a mouse model of pollinosis was used to investigate the anti-allergy effect of DHEA in vivo.
An allergy symptom of pollinosis was significantly mitigated by oral administration of
DHEA. Overall results indicate DHEA might be useful as an anti-allergy molecule.

Keywords: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA),
allergy, pollinosis

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P05
Anti-inflammatory effect of the water-soluble extract from Citrus unshiu leaves

Takako Ito1, Kosuke Nishi1,2, Momoko Ishida1, Takuya Sugahara1,2,*

1 Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi,
Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; 2 Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime
University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Citrus unshiu is the most produced citrus species in Japan. Its pericarp contains various
functional substances, and some of them are also contained in leaves. Hence, the leaves can
be considered as functional materials as well as pericarp. Macrophages recognize bacteria
and secrete various proinflammatory mediators to induce inflammation. Because excessive
or chronic production of proinflammatory mediators causes various inflammation-related
diseases, it should be reduced. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of
the ultrafiltrate (<1 kDa) of water-soluble extract from C. unshiu leaves (UCLE) on
macrophages. UCLE significantly suppressed production of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor
necrosis factor (TNF)-α by both of RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages stimulated
by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) without cytotoxicity. The gene expression levels of
proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages
were significantly suppressed by UCLE. In addition, UCLE inhibited NO production by
suppressing iNOS gene expression. Downstream signaling of TLR4, such as MAPK and
NF-κB pathways, was suppressed by UCLE. Overall results suggest that UCLE suppresses
LPS-induced inflammatory responses by downregulating TLR4 signaling. Our results may
promote utilization of C. unshiu leaves as the anti-inflammatory food material.

Keywords: Citrus, Macrophage, Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor α, Inflammation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P06
The effect of rice flour (RD43 rice) replacement in egg noodle on physicochemical

properties and sensory evaluation
Phim on Suklaew1, *, Sirichai Adisakwattana2

1 Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty
of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330; 2 Graduate Program in

Food and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330

*Corresponding author's E-mail address:[email protected]

ABSTRACT
RD43 rice is a low amylose and medium-low glycemic index (GI) rice. It has
been developed from the Rice Department of Thailand by cross-breeding between Khao
Jow Hawm Suphan Buri and Supan Buri1. The objective of this research was to investigate
physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of egg noodles enriched with RD43 rice
flour. RD43 rice was milled and passed through a 100-mesh sieve (150 µm pore size). The
rice flour was added to egg noodles in proportion of 10% to 40%. When increasing ration
of RD43 rice flour in the noodle, increase in cooking loss, water absorption, and swelling
index was significantly observed (p<0.05). Color of cooked noodle showed less redness
and yellowness, but more lightness after RD43 rice flour addition. It also significantly
affected texture profiles by lowering values of hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, and
cohesiveness of egg noodle (p<0.05). The replacement of 10% RD43 rice flour displayed
the highest overall acceptability among all formulated noodles (p<0.05). As a result, RD43
rice flour replacement demonstrated great feasibility to use in egg noodle preparation.

Keywords: RD43 rice flour, egg noodle, physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P07
Influence of gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) powder addition on wheat pasta in

vitro starch digestibility, nutritional quality, textural and sensory acceptability
Charoonsri Chusak*, Passavoot Chanbunyawat, Poorichaya Chumnumduang,
Sirichai Adisakwattana

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of fortification with gac fruit
powder on the in vitro starch digestibility, nutritional quality, textural and sensory
acceptability of wheat pasta. Wheat pasta was prepared with varying levels of unripe and
ripe gac fruit powder (5-15% w/w), respectively. Addition of unripe (10-15% w/w) and ripe
(5-15% w/w) gac fruit powder containing phenolic compounds, carotenoids and dietary fiber
indicated a reduction in the starch digestibility of pasta. Gac fruit powder also decreased the
percentage of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) with a concomitant increase in the percentage
of undigested starch in pasta. The cooking loss, yellowness (b*), hardness and cohesiveness
of pasta was increased with higher amount of ripe gac fruit powder. Hedonic sensory
evaluation showed that unripe (5%) and ripe (5-10%) gac fruit powder did not affect the
sensory acceptability for the pasta. Results of the study suggest that the incorporation of gac
fruit powder into pasta could be an alternative wat to produce functional pasta with a lower
starch digestion and higher health benefits.

Keywords: Gac fruit, pasta, starch digestibility, carotenoids

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P08
Cyanidin protects against methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in

pancreatic β-cells
Tanyawan Suantawee a*, Thavaree Thilavech b, Henrique Cheng c, Sirichai Adisakwattana a

a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, b Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of

Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, c Department of Comparative
Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton

Rouge, LA 70803, USA
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a by-product of glucose metabolism which is known to be a
toxic compound, and it contributes to AGEs formation, oxidative protein and DNA damage,
and cell cytotoxicity. Cyanidin, a natural anthocyanidin abundant in various fruits and
vegetables, has been reported to exert different biological activities with beneficial health
effects attributed to its antioxidant and antiglycation. However, there are no studies related
to the effect of cyanidin on MG-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. The
aim of the study was to investigate the protective activity of cyanidin against MG-induced
oxidative stress and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. The results showed that treatment of INS-1
cells with 100 µM cyanidin prevented MG-induced decrease in cell viability. In addition,
100 µM cyanidin decreased MG-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Furthermore, cyanidin reduced MG-induced increase in caspase-3 activity and apoptosis.
Cyanidin itself increased the activity of glyoxalase (GLO1) which contributes to prevent
MG-induced decrease in GLO1 activity. These findings suggest that cyanidin attenuates
MG-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in INS-1 cells through antioxidant, antiglycation,
and increasing GLO1 activity.

Keywords: Cyanidin, Methylglyoxal, Oxidative stress, Apoptosis, Pancreatic β-cells

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P09
Nutrition care in malnutrition ovarian and cervical cancer patients

Ying-Yu Chen1,*

1 Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1,
Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan


*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Background: according to 2018 Ministry of Health and Welfare report about the ranking
of cancer mortality in Taiwanese women, cervical cancer and ovarian cancer was the
seventh, eighth. For malnutrition cancer patients, good nutrition support and intervention
could be a benefit to decrease body weight losing, the discomforts of side effects, and
shortening hospital stay in past research. Methods: this study had ovarian cancer 75
subjects, cervical cancer 30 subjects, data needs to be collected for analysis from 2017 to
2018. Results: Average body mass index(kg/m2), in ovarian cancer was 17.07, cervical
cancer 18.77. Post nutrition intervention and care, daily total energy and protein intake was
significantly increased, ovarian cancer was 32.72 ± 6.31 kcal/kg, protein 1.12 ± 0.35 g/kg,
cervical cancer 28.92 ± 7.06 kcal/kg, protein 0.99 ± 0.24 g/kg(P < 0.05). The goal of
estimated daily requirement that achieve 75% target energy and protein percentage was
76.0%, 72.0% in ovarian cancer, 73.3% and 63.3% in cervical cancer. Conclusion:
however, nutrition support could help cancer patients to continue improving therapy
smoothly.

Keywords: malnutrition, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, women



























International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P23
Supplementation of isomalto-oligosaccharide reduced colon cancer-related bacteria

enzymes and fecal toxicity: A diet and placebo-controlled human study
Hsiao-Ling Chen1,2*, Hsuan-Wen Yu3

1Department of Food, Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung city
413, Taiwan, 2Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China

Medical
University, Taichung city 404, Taiwan, 3School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical

University, Taichung city 402 , Taiwan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of 2-month isomalto-oligosaccharide
(IMO) supplementation on fecal colonic bacterial enzymes that were considered to be
related to colonic carcinogenesis, and fecal toxicity in the older population. Twelve
nursing-home residents participated in the diet- and placebo-controlled study. This
experiment consisted of a 1-month placebo, 2-month IMO (10 g indigestible
oligosaccharide/d with two time points) and 1-month post (IMO withdrawal) period. Fecal
samples were collected for analyses of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase activities. Fecal
water was co-incubated with Caco-s cells to determine the cell survival (contrast to cyto-
toxicity) and DNA damage extent (index of geno-toxicity). Results indicated that the fecal
beta-glucuronidase activity was significantly lowered with 1- or 2-month of IMO
supplementation, respectively. The fecal mucinase activity was reduced only after 2-month
of IMO supplementation. In addition, 1-month IMO supplementation was sufficient to
decrease the cyto- and geno-toxicity of fecal water. In conclusion, this human trial
suggested that IMO (10 g/d) has the potential to reduce the human colon cancer risk.

Keywords: isomalto-oligosaccharide, beta-glucuronidase, toxicity, double-blind, placebo-
controlled

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P24
Anti - inflammatory efficacy of Sesamum indium L.
Shu-Ming Huang 1,*, Po-Wei Tsai 2, Chun-Tang Chiou 3, Hung-Chang Hung 4

1 Department of Nurition. Nantou Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou City of
Taiwan. 2 Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung

Christian University Tainan, Taiwan; 3 National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine,
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.4 Nantou Hospital. Ministry of Health and

Welfare, Nantou City of Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address:[email protected].

ABSTRACT
Sesame is a natural nutrient including sesamin and sesaminol. Due to the increase in
the number of global industrialization and human activities, environmental pollution and
exposure to hazardous chemicals, these inflammations have become a major problem now.
This may also be attributed to the increase in the number of emerging infectious diseases
and the virulence factors of infection. Safety and effective drug development for the
treatment of inflammation is an important development priority today, as inflammation can
lead to many harmful health problems, and in the past few decades, a large number of anti-
inflammatory natural products have been isolated from natural sources. Sesame contained
rich in lignan compounds, and its main active constituent is sesamin and its lignan
derivatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to extract the active constituents of
sesame extract and evaluate anti-inflammatory using RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells. The
sesamin and sesaminol were successfully isolated and purified. And MTT assay of sesamin
and sesaminol was performed by RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells for cytotoxicity test. The
results showed that sesamin concentration at 100 µg/ml, RAW 264.7 cell IC50 16% and
THP-1 cell IC50 24%, sesaminol concentration at 100 µg/ml, RAW 264.7 cell IC50 13%
and THP-1 IC50 36%, and it was found that both of sesamin and sesaminol have no
cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells.

Keywords: Sesame, inflammations , THP-1 cells, RAW 264.7 cell

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P25
Apple polyphenol ameliorates oxidative status via regulating Nrf-2 in diabetes

retinopathy
Shih-Han Chuang1, Huei-Jane Lee2

1 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110,
Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, South District, Taichung40246, Taiwan; 2 Department of
Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University,

No.110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, South District, Taichung40246, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Long-term diabetes potentiates to cause retinopathy via chronic inflammation and
oxidative stress. In addition to the existed clinical drugs, there is a growing awareness of
the urgency of finding alternative therapeutic substances for diabetic retinopathy. With the
capability of reducing reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation products and
advanced glycation end-products, polyphenols have been well-known for their anti-oxidant
as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The apple polyphenol (AP), which is rich in
phenolic compounds, is worthy of further study for its protective effect against oxidative
stress. This study was aimed to conduct AP in type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin
(STZ) to examine its effect in diabetic retinopathy. After treating the AP for 10 weeks, AP
was found to reduce the level of lipid deposited in retina specimen. Also, in comparison
with the diabetic group, the expression of Nrf2 proteins was significantly enhanced in the
AP-treated diabetic group. These evidences demonstrate that AP administration has a
protective effect on diabetic retinopathy through reducing oxidative stress.

Keywords: Apple polyphenol, Diabetic retinopathy, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related
factor 2, Oxidative stress

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P26
Apple polyphenol along with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol decreases TGF-β in

diabetes nephropathy
Chieh-Yu Wanga, Huei-Jane Leeb

1 School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110,
Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, South District, Taichung40246, Taiwan; 2 Department of
Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University,

No.110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, South District, Taichung40246, Taiwan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Hyperglycemia potentiates to cause nephropathy via chronic inflammation and
oxidative stress. Due to the process occurring earlier, intervention of substances to
decelerate nephropathy is an important task. Both of apple polyphenol (AP) and 1,25-
dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vitamin D) were reported to be available for anti-oxidation and
anti-inflammatory. This study was aimed to conduct AP and Vitamin D in type 1 diabetes
induced by streptozotocin (STZ) to examine its effect in diabetic nephropathy. After
treating for 10 weeks, AP was found to reduce the expression of TGF-β; the effect was
more significant to conduct apple polyphenol and Vitamin D together. Though AP also
significantly reduces the expressions of Nrf2, VCAM-1 and TIMP-2 proteins, the
collaboration of AP and vitamin D seems not elevate the antioxidative status as compared
the alone treatment. The evidences pointed that AP co-treating with Vitamin D could reduce
inflammation to result in decelerating diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Apple polyphenol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, diabetic nephropathy,
Transforming Growth Factor Beta, Oxidative stress, Chronic inflammation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P27
Dry eye mitigation with Chrysanthemum morifolium leaf extracts
Ssu-Ting Hsu1,*, Tsung-Han Lu1, Chia-Yun Hsu1, Meng-Tien Hsieh1, Ya-Jing Liu1, Han-Hsin

Chang2, David Pei-Cheng Lin1

1 Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University,
No. 110, Chien Guo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; 2 Department of Nutrition, Chung

Shan Medical University, No. 110, Chien Guo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Dry eye has been an important disease in ophthalmology and its prevalence has been on
rising globally in recent years due to modern dietary and life style. Chrysanthemum
morifolium flowers have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for eye protection.
Recent researches have proven the effects with experimental evidences. Nevertheless,
whether the leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium may exert the same efficacy is not yet
understood. In the present study, Chrysanthemum morifolium Taiwan No 1 and No 2 by
different production methods were investigated for their efficacy in relief of dry eye status in
a murine UVB-induced dry eye model. The UVB exposures were conducted for a
consecutive 7 days to induce dry eye conditions. The study groups included: (1) Blank
control, (2) Damaged by UVB, (3) Taiwan No 1 (P-WLF), (4) Taiwan No 2 (P-YLF), (5)
Taiwan No 1(F-WLF), (6) Taiwan No 2 (F-YLF), and (7) AFT treatment (Artificial Tear).
The results showed that Taiwan No 2 (F-YLF) was most beneficial in alleviation of
inflammatory activities as well as reduction of apoptotic activities in the extraocular lacrimal
gland and multiple mechanisms for the effects were found.

Keywords: Dry eye, Chrysanthemum morifolium, animal model, extraocular lacrimal gland

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P28
Possible mechanism of taurine on decreasing hyperactivity in SHR rats
Ching-Chi Yen a, Vincent Chin-Hung Chen b, Chun-Ching Chiu c, Tsai-Ching Hsu a,d,*,

Bor-Show Tzang a,d,e,*

a Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan, b Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,
c Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Changhua

Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,d Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical
University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,e Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine,

Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
* Corresponding to Tsai-Ching Hsu and Bor-Show Tzang

ABSTRACT
Our previous study has demonstrated that high-dose taurine attenuates hyperactivity in
SHR rats by decreasing mALFF signal and striatal dopamine uptake. However, the
association between immune factors and hyperactivity along with possible mechanism
involved in SHR rats fed with taurine is still unclear. Our preliminary experimental results
indicated significantly decreased systolic blood pressor (SBP) and hyperlocomotion in SHR
rats fed with taurine. A positive correlation SBP and horizontal locomotion in SHR rats fed
with taurine was observed. Additionally, significantly increased splenic
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was detected in SHR rats fed with high-dose
taurine with a negative correlation. Moreover, our recent NGS data indicated that
significantly decreased expressions of rno-let-7d-5p, rno-miR-100-5p, rno-miR-409a-5p,
rno-miR-653-5p and rno-miR-99b-5p are detected in striatum of SHR rats treated with
taurine. These findings suggested that taurine reduces hyper-locomotion in SHR rats
probably via multifactorial modulation on immune system and miRs (micro RNA)
regulation.

Key words: Taurine, spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR), hyperactivity, regulatory T
cells, micro RNA

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P29
Effect of deep sea water (DSW) on lipid accumulation and liver steatosis in high-fat

diet-induced obesity hamster
Min-Chun Chang1, Chu-Chyn Ou 1, David Pei-Cheng Lin2, Han-Hsin Chang1,*

1Dept. of Nutrition, Chun Shan Medical Univ., Taiwan 40201; 2 Dept. of Medical Laboratory
and Biotechnology., Chun Shan Medical Univ., Taiwan 40201
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The effects that deep sea water (DSW) can reduce blood lipids by improving mineral
balance in human body. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intake of
DSW which contains high magnesium ions can mitigate lipid accumulation and
inflammation in obese hamsters. Hamsters fed with high-fat diet (48% of fat plus 0.2% of
cholesterol) were assigned to drink different concentration of DSW for 8 weeks. After
feeding period, serum, liver and fecal biochemical values were measured. Additionally,
H&E and Immunohistochemistry staining were conducted to determine structural
morphology difference of liver. Moreover, Masson’s Trichrome staining was also
performed to establish the extent of liver fibrosis. The results indicated that DSW can
significantly decreased serum lipid profile and increased the emission of lipids from fecal.
However, in terms of lipid content in the liver, DSW can reduce liver lipids in moderate
concentration. Moreover, the improvements of histological morphology were also effective
only in moderate DSW administration group. These results suggested that only certain
concentration of DSW can serve as a potential agent of improving lipid values in serum and
reducing hepatic injuries.

Keywords: Deep sea water, High-fat diet, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Mallory-Denk
body

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P30
Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves improve the formation of

advanced glycation end-products by hyperglycemia
Shu-Ming Huang 1,*, Chiu-Lan Hsieh 2, Miao-Lin, Hu 3

1Department of nutrition. Nantou Hospital. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou City of
Taiwan. R.O.C. 2Institute of biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education,
Taiwan, R.O.C 3Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University,

Taichung, Taiwan,R.O.C
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major diseases that human being eagerly wants to
overcome. In 2017, DM was the fifth of top ten causes of death in the Taiwan .
Patients who are hyperglycemic for a long time will cause advanced glycation end-products
(AGEs) . When AGEs accumulate on the vessel wall, it will affect tissue or organ function,
such as renal dysfunction, atherosclerosis, retinopathy and nerve damage. An aqueous extract
of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves (PE) was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats (simulated DM blood glucose levels > 230 mg / dL)
were orally administered with 100, 300, 1000 mg PE / kg body weight. After 8 weeks, the
blood Triglycerol and Total Cholesterol was significantly reduced and the formation of AGEs
was inhibited. Results indicate that PE may protect in STZ-induced DM rats organ damage.
Prevent cardiovascular disease caused by hyperglycemia.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, advanced glycation end-products, Psidium guajava L.
budding leaves

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P31
Mechanisms of Genotoxicity were induced by AnTc in RAW264.7 macrophages

Ping-Kun Tsai1,2, Chao-Bin Yeh1,3, Rosa Huang-Liu4, Yu-Hsiang Kuan5,6*

1Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of
Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital,

Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.; 4School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University,

Taichung, Taiwan; 5Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; 6Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical

University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
AnTc and its compounds are widely used in the semiconductor industry in the world,
which has continued to flourish in recent years. However, with the changes in lifestyle and
environment, it is necessary for the society to explore issues related to environmental health
and health. The evidence have shown that AnTc induces DNA damage and apoptosis in
mammalian cells Chinese hamster ovary cells, human bronchial epithelial cells, and human
fibroblasts. However, no one has yet explored whether exposure to AnTc will have an
adverse effect on the biological immune system. At present, genotoxicity were induced by
AnTc treatment with RAW264.7 macrophages in the concentration-dependent manner via
alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus
(CBMN) assay. Cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease (caspase) -3 were activated
by AnTc. AnTc induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW264.7
macrophages. Activation of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was reduced by AnTc. Finally, we purposed that InCl3-
exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a
concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. The presently described that
induction of genotoxicity in macrophages by AnTc was through generation of ROS and
inhibition of antioxidative enzymes.

Keywords: AnTc; RAW264.7 macrophages; genotoxicity; ROS generation; antioxidative
enzyme

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P32
Characterization of tear ferning pattern formation under different conditions
Chih-Ying Tsai1, 1 Yu-Jun Tang1, Chia-Yun Hsu1, Meng-Tien Hsieh1, Ya-Jing Liu1, Han-Hsin

Chang2, David Pei-Cheng Lin1

1 Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University,
No. 110, Chien Guo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; 2 Department of Nutrition, Chung

Shan Medical University, No. 110, Chien Guo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The tear film plays an important role in protecting and reflecting ocular surface health. It
has been reported that some distinct biochemical alterations (pH and osmolarity for example)
and changes of key components (electrolytes, proteins, and mucus for example) in tear
secretion are characteristically found among different diseases such as dry eye and ocular
allergy. However, tear film composition analysis is very challenging because of the small
volumes available and its demands for expensive instruments. Tear ferning can be performed
quickly and only a small amount of specimen required, and thus may be considered as an
alternative method to reflect tear status or even ocular health. The aim of this research was to
characterize morphological features of tear samples under different conditions with respect to
tear quality. Two or five microliters 0.9% normal saline were dropped onto mice ocular
surface and recycled after 3 repeated flushings. The collected tear flushes were dried under
either 47 or 53% relative humidity (rH) at room temperature (24±2℃) to find the suitable
conditions to form distinct ferning features. The samples were subject to different pH and
osmolarity rinse fluids for analysis. The results showed that two microliter volume with 47%
rH has consistent results on the ferning patterns. Furthermore, both abnormal pH and
osmolarity conditions influenced obviously the morphology of tear crystallization. In
conclusion, to obtain reproducible results, stable volume and environment status are
necessary. With characteristic pattern formation, tear ferning test may be used as a simple and
convenient way to assess the health of tear fluid for both researchers and clinicians.

Keywords: Tear ferning, pH, osmolarity, ocular health

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P33
Therapeutic effects of NTA in a mouse model of LPS-induced COPD
Meng-Chen Yang1, Min-Wei Lee2, Shiuan-Shinn Lee3, Rosa Huang Liu4, Yu-Hsiang

Kuan5,6*

1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

2A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing
University, Taichung, Taiwan. 3School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan.4School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

5Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan

6Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a kind of lung diseases characterized
by irreversible airflow limitation and chronic airway inflammation. COPD mainly induced
by many risk factor, such as smoking. COPD is a disease with an indeterminate course and
variable prognosis. Its prognosis depends on several factors, including genetic
predisposition, environmental exposures. In Taiwan, five thousand people died due to
COPD every year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), by the year 2030,
COPD will be the third leading cause of death worldwide. NTA mainly accumulates in
some vegetables such as potato, tomato , eggplant. NTA is known for anti-inflammation
which were found in other researches. The therapies that modify COPD outcomes are still
lacking. In order to find out whether NTA could reduce the inflammation in lung which was
induced by LPS. The total cell count of immune cells were detected by flow cytometry. The
CD45/ LY6G, CD11b/ LY6G, LY6G were detected by flow cytometry. The concentration
of balf protein was detected by bradford assay. The histology was detected by H&E stain.
These results show that NTA could reduce COPD in Balb/c mouse.

Keywords: COPD, NTA, LPS, immune cells, anti-inflammation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P34
The Mechanism of Caffeic Acid Regulating B16F1 Cell Death in Different Cell

Density
Yen-Chun Peng1, Yu-Cyong Lin2, Su-Hong Liao2, Tzi-Peng Yang2,*

1 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General
Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

2 Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University,
Taichung city 402, Taiwan,

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Caffeic acid is an organic compound found in plants that has antioxidant,
immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, but some studies have
shown that it has the effect of promoting cancer development. Melanoma is a poorly
prognostic cancer, and studies have shown that certain chemicals or drugs can reduce the
proliferation of melanoma cells by inducing autophagy. We treated the melanoma cell B16-
F1 with caffeic acid and found that the cells produced autophagy and the cell molecular
regulation of Raf, Rsk, MEK was increased, but the MSK1 and AMPK was decreased, and
the expression of MMP9 was increased. However, the above phenomenon is only present
when the cell density is low (35*104/ 6cm dish). If the cell density is high (70*104/ 6cm
dish), the treatment of caffeic acid is just an inverse adjustment. This indicates that cell
density has a major impact on the mechanism of caffeic acid regulation cell death. Caffeic
acid has dual roles of cancer suppression and cancer promoting may be related with this
situation. It is a valuable clue for tumor inhibition and chemoprevention of melanoma.

Keywords: Autophagy, AMPK, Caffeic acid, Cell density, Melanoma cell (3-5 keywords)

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P35
Protective effects of NNO-1 against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by Dursban

in murine macrophage
Sin-Yi Huang1, Yi-Jia Lee1, Shiuan-Shinn Lee1, Rosa Huang Liu2, Yu-Hsiang Kuan3,4*

1School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.2School of
Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 3Department of

Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
4Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
NNO-1, found in tobacco, potato, and other solanaceous plants. There are various
pharmacological effects of NNO-1 including anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory
activities. Dursban (DB), an organophosphate insecticide, is used to control pests in
agricultural crops. DB has been shown in many study to inhibit the effects of the nervous
system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, which can lead to abnormalities in lymphocytes
and other immune cells. To date, no study has indicated that any effective compound
reverses the immunotoxicity induced by DB. This study will use RAW264.7 cells to induce
cytotoxicity after treatment with DB to develop the protective effect of NNO-1.
Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V / PI
assay. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle were detected by
DCFH-DA assay, JC-1 assay, and Sub-G1 assay, respectively. Besides, Caspase 3/8/9
activities were detected by fluorometric assay. According to the results of the study, NNO-1
inhibited the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by DB. Effectively slowed the change of
mitochondrial membrane potential and the caspase 3/8/9 activities caused by DB. ROS
production caused by DB was reversed by NNO-1. These results indicated that NNO-1
inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress caused by DB.

Keywords: NNO-1, Dursban, oxidative stress, apoptosis

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P36
The relationship between PM2.5 Exposure and open intraocular pressure in patients

with nutritional deficiencies: A nested case–control study.
Kun-Jhan Huang1, Ci-Wen Luo2, Shiuan-Shinn Lee1, Wen-Jun Wu 2, Rosa Huang Liu3,

Hui-Wen Lin4, Yu-Hsiang Kuan5,6*

1School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2 Institute of
Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 3School of Nutrition, Chung
Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 4Department of Optometry, Asia University,

Taichung, Taiwan. 5Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 6Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical

University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The recent nutritional deficiencies were a hot topic of research, and we are curious
about the growing environmental pollution and eye diseases. Our aim was to investigate the
relationship between Particulate matter (PM) refers to air pollutants 2.5 µm or less in
diameter and open intraocular pressure in patients with nutritional deficiencies. The
patient's data is derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan
(NHIRD), and PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from the ambient air quality
monitoring network established by the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan.
We observed the risk of open intraocular pressure in patients with nutritional deficiencies
from 2008-2013. We used a nested case-control design with a 1:8 matching with gender
and age. Participants were 36 patients with open ocular hypertension and 288 controls.
After Cox regression and logistic regression analysis, it was found that the higher monthly
average concentration of PM2.5, the higher the risk of open intraocular pressure and the
statistical significance. Perhaps due to time dilution the time-dilution relationship, the long-
term exposure to PM2.5 did not Dose-effect relationship. Conclusion, PM2.5 is a risk factor
for open ocular hypertension in patients with nutritional deficiencies.

Keywords: PM2.5; open intraocular pressure; nutritional deficiencies

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P37
Evaluation of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and genotoxicity induced by Indium Chloride in
macrophages via mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation

Ping-Kun Tsai1,2, Chao-Bin Yeh1,3, Rosa Huang-Liu4, Yu-Hsiang Kuan5,6*

1Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of
Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital,

Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.; 4School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University,

Taichung, Taiwan; 5Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan
Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; 6Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical

University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Rapid advances in the era of electronic technology, the semiconductive and
optoelectronic industries has been quite prosperity. Indium could be widely used in these
industries for production of liquid crystal displays screen which is extensive application of
computers, laptops, mobile phones, television. Up to date, indium-induced toxic effect and
related mechanism on immune cells have been proposed. Herein, we first found indium
chloride (InCl3) induced cytotoxicity on macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-
and time-dependent manner. InCl3 had the ability to induce macrophages death through
apoptosis more than necrosis. More, DNA damage, also named genotoxicity, was found in
the RAW264.7 cells treatment with InCl3 in the centration-dependent manner which based
on the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis
assay. Cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease (caspase) -3, -8, -9 were activated by
InCl3 in the concentration-dependent manner. Finally, we purposed that InCl3-exhibited
mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a
concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. The presently described that
macrophage cytotoxicity was induced by InCl3 via apoptosis and its upstream factors,
including genotoxicity, caspases activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS generation.

Keywords: InCl3; macrophages; toxicity; mitochondrial dysfunction; ROS generation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P38
TTF can protect the LPS-induced ALI via neutrophils infiltration and other

mechanisms
Yung-Chun Lei1, Kun-Lin Yeh2, Shiuan-Shinn Lee3, Rosa Huang Liu4, Yu-Hsiang Kuan5,6*

1Department of optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
2Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.

3School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 4School of
Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 5Department of

Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
6Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality rate. It
is the manifestations of an inflammatory response of the lung to both direct and indirect
insults and are characterized by severe hypoxemia, hypercapnia, diffuse infiltration in the
chest X-ray, and a substantial reduction in pulmonary compliance. Nevertheless, an
effective treatment strategy for ALI is yet to be developed. After intraperitoneal
administration of extracts at 20µg/day for thirty minutes, the mice were exposure to LPS at
100µg by nasal administration for 24 hours. Then sacrifice. Protein leakage in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is measured by the Bradford assay. Leukocytes type
in BALF is classified by three surface markers including CD45+ for leukocytes, CD11b+/
CD45+ for granulocytes, and Ly6G+/ CD45+ for neutrophils by flow cytometry analysis.
Pretreatment with TTF inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced histological changes
such as leukocytes infiltration, increased in alveolar barrier thickness, hemorrhage, and
hyaline membrane formation leukocytes infiltration in lungs. LPS-induced protein leakage,
granulocytes and neutrophils infiltration into BALF were significantly inhibited by TTF. In
conclusion, TTF could be potential protective agents of LPS-induced ALI via neutrophils
infiltration and other mechanisms.

Keywords: TTF, Lipopolysaccharide, Acute lung injury, Neutrophils infiltration

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P39
Khella regulated antioxidative enzyme and protected cytotoxicity induced by Coroban

in Raw264.7 cells
Tang-Yun Hsu1, Chen-Yu Chian2, Shiuan-Shinn Lee1, Rosa Huang Liu3 Yu-Hsiang Kuan4,5*

1School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2Department
of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. 3School of
Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 4Department of
Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
5Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Khella is an active compound extracted from the fruits of ammi visnaga and has the
function of decreasing blood pressure, preventing vascular. Coroban used in agriculture
ubiquitously in Taiwan. The mechanism of coroban -induced apoptosis and protective
effect of khella in Raw264.7 cells had not been clarified. This study aimed to find the
mechanism of antioxidant effect of khella and cytotoxicity induced by coroban. In this
study, MTT and LDH assay were used to measure cytotoxicity, respectively. DCFH-DA
and annexin V/PI assay were used to ROS generation and apoptosis, respectively. JC-1
assay and true nucleus assay kit were used to detect mitochondria disruption and
cytochrome C released ,respectively. Antioxidant activities were detected by antioxidant
enzyme activities kit. The results showed that Pretreating khella reduced the activity of
caspase 3/8/9, restored the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased cytochrome C
released. In the antioxidant system, khella could significantly restored the reduction of
antioxidant enzyme activities caused by coroban and reduced the performance of lipid
peroxidation. According to the results of this study, khella could reduce the cytotoxicity,
genotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by coroban, and recovered the activity
of antioxidant enzymes.

Keywords: COROBAN ; KHELLA ; Apoptosis ； Oxidative stress ； Antioxidative
system

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P40
The effects of quercetin on cisplatin- or tumor-induced body fat loss

Li-Wen Chen, Shu-Lan Yeh*

Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Quercetin, a flavonoid present abundantly in plants, has been shown to decreases some
side effects of chemotherapy. Our previous studies found that quercetin tended to attenuate
CDDP-induced fat loss in BALB/c mice. However, the mechanisms underlying the
suppressed effects of quercetin on CDDP-induced fat loss are unclear. Thus, in the present
study the BALB/c (or CT26 cells-bearing) mice were randomly treated with CDDP (7.0 mg/
kg B.W., once a week), quercetin (diets containing 0.1 or 1 % quercetin) alone or combined
to investigate the effects of quercetin on fat synthesis and metabolic associated gene
expressions. As expected, the result showed that compared to the control, CDDP significantly
decrease body, fat, liver and testes weight, in a dose-dependent manner in CDDP-treated
mice. CDDP decreased the mRNA levels of a fat synthetic enzyme and increased the mRNA
levels of lypolytic enzymes. In contrast, quercetin containing diet decreased these effects of
CDDP. In tumor induced fat loss animal model, we found that the mean fat mass in CT26
cells-bearing mice was significantly lower than that in the control group by about 40 %.
FAS protein levels in fat tissues of tumor-bearing mice were decreased, while CPT-1
protein levels were increased compared with the control group. Quercetin containing diets
increased FAS protein expression and decreased CPT-1 protein expression in fat tissues.

Keywords: cisplatin, quercetin, fat loss, fatty acid metabolism

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P41
Improvement of depression-related behaviors through Hericium erinaceus mycelia in

tail suspension tests(TSTs) mice
Yu-Wen Chen1, Wan-Ping Chen1, Li-Ya Lee1, Shan Lin1, Fang-Chia Chang2

1Bioengineering Center, Grape King Bio Ltd, Taiwan.
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan

University

ABSTRACT
According to the records of the World Health Organization(WHO),there are three
diseases are valued in 2020, and Depression is one of them. Unipolar depression has been
the most common and rated as the medical burdens in the world. This research is to
investigate whether the mycelium of Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) could affect the
depression-related behaviors or not. We tested two different doses of the H. erinaceus,
75mg/kg and 150mg/kg. The 8-day consecutive tail suspension tests(TSTs) were used as an
animal model of depression. After consecutive TSTs, we tested elevated plus maze (EPM)
test and forced swimming test compared between native mice and H. erinaceus-treated
mice. The result shows that after consecutive TSTs, H. erinaceus-treated mice improve
depression-related behaviors than the native mice.

Keywords: Hericium erinaceus mycelia, depression, tail suspension tests,

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P42
Nephroprotective effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract on lipopolysaccharide-

induced renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cell injury
Ning-Chu Wang1, Cheng-Chin Hsu1, Wan-Yi Chen1, Pei-Hsuan Wu1, Hui-Hsuan Lin2*,

Jing-Hsien Chen1*

1Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N.
Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan. 2Department of Medical Laboratory and

Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road,
Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage
renal failure. In response to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a constituent of gram-
negative bacteria wall, the pathophysiological cascade of GN is triggered by a variety of
factors including proinflammatory cytokines. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract (HLE), rich
in polyphenols, has been shown to possess antioxidant, antitumor, and antiatherosclerotic
activities. In this study, we examined the protective effect of HLE in rat renal tubular
epithelial NRK-52E cells exposed to LPS in vitro. Firstly, the HLE protection against
NRK-52E cell injury caused by LPS was noted at 5 and 10 µg/mL. HLE showed potential
in reducing LPS-dependent occurrence of apoptosis demonstrated by morphological and
biochemical features, including an increase in the apoptotic bodies formation and
the exposure of phosphatidylserine. Next, LPS-induced formation of acidic vesicular
organelles and upregulation of the autophagy-related gene (LC3) were decreased by HLE.
Our results further indicated that HLE exhibited the anti-inflammatory effect on the cells in
a dose-dependent manner with a reduction in ROS production. Taken together, this is the
first report to demonstrate that HLE exhibited anti-LPS effect in renal cells by inhibiting
apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, and these findings may open interesting
perspectives to the strategy in human GN treatment.

Keywords: glomerulonephritis; lipopolysaccharide; Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract;
apoptosis; autophagy; inflammation

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P43
In vitro inhibitory effect of ellagic acid-enriched Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extract on

uric acid-induced renal mesangial cell injury and fibrosis
Pei-Hsuan Wu1, Cheng-Chin Hsu1, Wen-Yi Chen1, Nei-Chu Wang1, Hui-Hsuan Lin2*,

Jing-Hsien Chen1*

1Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N.
Road, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan. 2Department of Medical Laboratory and

Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road,
Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected] (H.-H.L.);
[email protected] (J.-H.C.)

ABSTRACT
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for causing chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and contributes to renal fibrosis. Uric acid (UA) has been proven to directly cause renal
mesangial cell fibrosis in pathogenesis of hyperuricemia nephropathy. Hibiscus sabdariffa
leaf extract (HLE), rich in polyphenols, has been shown to possess hypoglycemic,
antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic effects. The aim of the study
is to examine the nephroprotective effect of HLE and its main compound ellagic acid (EA)
on UA-induced mouse renal glomerular mesangial SV40MES13 cells. SV40MES13 cells
pre-treated with UA were demonstrated to trigger obvious morphological changes and
viability loss, as well as affect the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Non-
cytotoxic doses of HLE and EA abolished the UA-induced cell injury, and the secretion of
MMP-2/9. In addition, HLE and EA exhibited the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
effects on the UA-treated cells with a reduction in transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)
production. Next, the UA-activated the TGFβ/smad signaling pathway was inhibited by
HLE or EA. Our data imply that EA-enriched HLE regulates the smad signals, which in
turn led to reduced UA-mediated SV40MES13 cell injury and fibrosis, and provide a new
mechanism for its nephroprotective activity.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; uric acid; renal mesangial cells; Hibiscus sabdariffa
leaf extract; transforming growth factor beta

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P44
Food provides other alternative: How does a nutrition project of the medical-center-

hospital shift toward better agricultural products, and better health.
Chia-Ching Lin 1,*, Wei-Che Tseng 2, Song-Yan Tsai3

1, 2 Department of Nutrition and Foodservice, Changhua Christian Hospital System, Taiwan;
3Nantou Branch Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital System, Taiwan No.135, Nan-Hsiao

Street, Changhua 500-06, TAIWAN 886

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Food could be contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins or chemicals and
main reason causing harm to 600 million people worldwide and devastating 420,000 deaths
each year. The diseases caused by these unsafe foods also burden the medical care system.
In regard to the role of healthcare provider, Changhua Christian Hospital (CCH) has
developed a project to achieve health and wellness goals from ecological agriculture,
producing organic rice for the better nutrition.
CCH started the project utilizing 9.7 hectares of land for natural ecological
rehabilitation since 2018. This includes engaging in organic agriculture, managing the safe
planting process of water, soil and crops to ensure the agricultural products are free from
heavy metal and pesticide pollution. Further, to make sure those products acquire organic
certification. These organic rice are now served in CCH restaurants and developed into
rich nutritious foods for patients and employees.
The philosophy of dieting safety is resembling to have a good doctor's care. It also
provides education to help people better understand the import of the constructing a food
safety system on both physical and mental health. "Food should be the source of nutrition
and enjoyment, not the cause of illness or death."

Keywords:
Good food, Food safety, Agriculture, Organic, Health care

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P45
Analysis of biologically active ingredient and cytotoxicity from the fresh cabbage

Li-Yun Lin1,*, Yi-Rong Tsai1, Hsiu-Chun Chen2, Jyun-Ren You3, Ming-Hong Chen3

1Hungkuang University of Science and Technology, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard,
Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 886 ; 2China Medical University, No.
91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, R.O.C., 886; 3Agriculture and Food Agency,
Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, R.O.C., No.8 Guang-hwa Rd., Nantou county, 886.

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Capitata) belongs to the family of Brassicaceae,
which is a natural cross-pollination crop. It has the characteristics of ball formation, the
texture is crisp and tender, and is deeply loved by the people of the country. Cabbage is
grown all over the world, which is rich in many nutrients. It can be made into a variety of
processed products, and can also be blended into different processed foods according to the
tastes of Southeast Asian countries to facilitate production and sales. It is rich in dietary
fiber, glucose, amino acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and lutein, which can
effectively improve arteriosclerosis, coagulate blood, promote gastric metabolism, mucosal
repair, and defecation. At present, the total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitamin C,
phytosterols, crude polysaccharides and cytotoxicity of highland and flatland cabbages has
been analyzed. The cabbages are extracted with water and ethanol. The total flavonoids
extracted with ethanol was the highest at 4.63 µg QE/g, which the flatland cabbage. The
total polyphenols extracted with ethanol was the highest at 34.49 µg GAE/g, which was the
highland cabbages. The DPPH of EC50 values extracted with ethanol was the highest at
12.11 µg TE/g, which was the highland cabbages. The ABTS of EC50 values extracted with
water was the highest at 9.68 µg TE/g, which was the highland cabbages. The total dietary
fiber was 1.02 g/100g in the highest content of highland cabbages. The highland cabbages
were extracted with water and ethanol. Get on cytotoxicity assay of B16-F10. The result
wasn’t cytotoxic at 1 mg/mL with water extract and ethanol extract. In addition, the
highland cabbages were extracted with crude polysaccharide. Get on cytotoxicity assay of
RAW264.7. The result wasn’t cytotoxic at 0.31 mg/mL with crude polysaccharide.

Keywords: Cabbage, Antioxidant Capacity, Dietary Fiber, Melanin, Humectancy.

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P46
Oxidative stress- induced growth inhibitor 1 enhances cisplatin chemotherapy

sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Chia-Han Tsai1, Chien-Chun Li1,2.

1Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

2Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and triple-negative breast
cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form, causing high rates of recurrence and mortality. Our
previous study reported that oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1) is
capable of promoting apoptotic breast cancer cell death. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro-
platinum [II], CDDP) has been widely applied for chemotherapy in several malignant
tumors, including lung, head and neck, ovarian and breast cancers. However, the effects of
OSGIN1 on combinational chemotherapy with cisplatin for TNBC cells is not fully
understood. In the present study, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic cells
under the condition for cisplatin treatment in OSGIN1-overexpressing Hs578T TNBC cells.
This study showed that OSGIN1 enhanced ROS generation and mitochondria membrane
unbalance, that leading to boost the cisplatin chemotherapy sensitivity. In conclusion, our
study revealed the therapeutic additive effect of OSGIN1 protein induction on cisplatin
treatment, potentially contributes to progression of triple negative breast cancer therapy.

Keywords: OSGIN1, CDDP, ROS, Hs578T, TNBC

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P47
Regulation of Blood Pressure by GABA-contained Drink:

A Randomized Double-Blinded Human Trial
Ya-Chun Zhang1, Ching-Pin Li2, Shih-Chuan Liu1, You-Cheng Shen1*

1 Department of health diet and industry management, Chung Shan Medical University 110,
Sec. 1, Jianguo N.Rd, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; 2 Department of Internal Medicine and
Division of Gastroenterology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
γ- Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the inhibitory conduction of the central nervous system
binding point and the most important substance to inhibit the transmission of the human
neural message, which is now recognized as the safest and peaceful natural sedative and a
therapeutic agent against panic disorder. Previous studies have indicated that GABA has the
potential to reduce blood pressure. This study is a randomized double-blind human trial
study. The research enrolled volunteers between 20-70 years. The participants were divided
into a test group (n =20) and a placebo group (n = 20). Drinking two bottles of GABA drink
(containing 20mg GABA per bottle) or placebo daily for 8 weeks. The biochemical blood test
was performed at initial, 4th and 8th wks. Blood pressure was measured at initial, 2nd, 4th, 6th
and 8th wks. The results showed that after 8 weeks, the systolic blood pressure decreased
from 136.75 ± 11.10 mmHg to 121.65 ± 12.24 mmHg (p<0.001), and the diastolic blood
pressure decreased from 84.95 ± 7.23 mmHg to 81.05 ± 9.30 mm Hg, which decreased by
15.10 ± 7.06 and 3.90 ± 6.43 mmHg, respectively. During the trial, the SBP of the two
groups was significantly different from the 2nd week, and the effect continued until the 8th
week. The biochemical indicators and body measurements of subjects were not
significantly different before and after the trial. These results showed that γ-Aminobutyric
acid drink could possibility to regulate hypertension and has no side-effect.

Keywords: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) γ- Aminobutyric
acid drink, Hypertension

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)
November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),
Taichung, Taiwan

P48
Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Quick Screening of

Dithiocarbamate Pesticide Residue in Vegetibale
Sz-Ying Chen 1,2,*, Chao-Ming Tsen 1, Pei-Yin Chen 1

1Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of
Agriculture, Taichung 41358, Taiwan (R.O.C), [email protected]
2 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan (R.O.C)
*Corresponding author's E-mail address: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are compounds that contain disulfides as substituents. DTCs
can be divided into three major types according to their molecular carbon chain structure:
dimethyldithiocarbamates (DMDCs), ethylenebisdithiodicarbamates (EBDCs), and
propylene-bis-dithiocarbamates (PBDCs). The metabolite of EBDCs is ethylene thiourea
(ETU), which has been classified as a Group 3 carcinogen. Traditional methods for
measuring DTCs consist of acid hydrolysis of the DTCs to CS2 followed by determination
either by gas chromatography or by absorption spectrophotometry. However, these methods
do not discriminate between the subclasses of DTCs. In addition, crops with a high sulfide
content, including crops in the Brassicaceae family (e.g., broccoli and cauliflower.),
mushrooms, onion, garlic, and chives, can yield false positive results, thus increasing the
difficulty of determining DTC residue levels. This study developed surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS) based detection of DTCs on vegetable by simply dropping
sample extract onto Au@Ag nanoparticles and detect which DTCs subclass items within 5
min. This minimum concentration it was able to detect were 0.05 ppm for DMDCs, 0.2
ppm for EBDCs, and 0.1 ppm for PBDCs. The SERS-based screening method does not
require derivatization, is simple to operate, has high sensitivity, and can accurately identify
whether the detected DTCs were DMDCs, EBDCs, or PBDCs, making it an ideal auxiliary
method to reconfirm samples that have been determined to be CS2 positive.

Keywords: Dithiocarbamates (DTCs), Surface-Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS),
screening, ethylene thiourea (ETU), carcinogen

International Conference of Food Safety and Health 2019 (FSAH2019)

November 26-28, 2019 Splendor Hotel Taichung (13F),

Taichung, Taiwan

P49
Environmental Radiations at Nuclear Medicine Department by TLD Approach using

Taguchi Design

Yingyi Le1, Jui-Hung Weng1,2, Chi-Wen Huang2, Pai-Jung Chang2, Pan-Fu Kao2,3,
Chien-Yi Chen1,2,*

1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical
University, Taichung 40201, Republic of China. 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chung

Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201,
Republic of China. 3School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung,
Republic of China; No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan, Republic of

China.

Corresponding author: *Chien-Yi Chen, email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study monitors environmental radiation using thermoluminescent dosimeter
(TLD) approach in the PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
scanners at the Nuclear Medicine Department (NMD) of medical university. The TLD
system was optimized for initial temperature, heat rate, and maximum set temperature
using the Taguchi method. A well-calibrated TLD readout system determines specific doses
with good reliability and could be used with ranges of environmental radiation. A Taguchi
design can also optimize performance by setting operative parameters and reducing
fluctuations in system performance due to any variations. The suggested optimal
parameters for the TLD readout system were: (A) 135 0C as the initial temperature; (B) 10
0Cs-1 as the heating rate; (C) 220 0C as the maximum temperature and (D) preheat time 15
sec setting for the TLD readouts. The TLDs were employed to measure environmental
radiation at various locations in the NM during a three-month period. Detected exposure
rates in the NM ranged from 0.12 ± 0.02 to 1.00 ± 0.15 mSv/mo, indicating that the
imaging room had significantly different radiation rates. The results were compared with
previous results, and no significant contribution to the enhancement of environmental
gamma radiation was detected, which remained far below the occupational dose
recommended by ICRP 60. The minimum detectable dose (MDD) for environmental
radiation is also discussed herein to demonstrate the reliability of TLD-100H.
Recommendations were given to the authorities to implement actions with a view to
reducing doses at high-dose sites to comply with the ALARA principle.

Keywords: Environmental radiation, Thermoluminescence dosimeter, Taguchi design, PET/
CT, SPECT/CT, DXA, Nuclear Medicine Department