RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

15 JULY 2021

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

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NURSULIANA BINTI MD ASRI
D20181083297

DRIERSEPCITRADTIFIFOUNSBIOYN

Protists do not have a respiratory system.

On the other hand, obtaining oxygen in
the case of free-living, free-swimming
protozoan protists is simpler than for
multicellular eukaryotes because the
process requires only the direct diffusion
of oxygen from the surrounding medium.

The Porifera phylum is

only concerned with the

sponge organism.

Sponges have no distinct

respiratory system

because they are so

primitive, but they do

require oxygen to survive

like any other organism.

The small pores (also

known as ostia) in the

sponge allow the sponge

to absorb oxygenated

water to receive the

oxygen it needs.

Cells, which are called

choanocyte cells filter the

oxygen that the water

contains and then is able

to filter out the carbon

dioxide with the use

flagella that moves the

water throughout the

sponge.

The tube sponge like any

other sponge takes in

oxygenated water

through their ostia and

take in the oxygen and

deliver it to the cells.

Once the oxygen has

been used, the tube

sponge will release the

carbon dioxide with the

use of choanocyte cells.

The barrel sponge
breathes like the tube
sponge.
The barrel sponge will
take in oxygenated
water through its ostia.
With the use of the
choanocyte cells, the
sponge can rid itself of
the carbon dioxide that
the water brought into
the sponge.

The Cnidaria phylum is made up of over 10,000
species, all of which live in marine environments.
The organisms have an epidermis (outer cell layer),
a gastrodermis (inner cell layer), and a mesoglea
(non cellular layer) in between. The organisms
have 2 adult forms in their life cycle: Polyp and
Medusa. They have up to a tissue level of
organization. Three organisms in this phylum are:
jelly fish, sea anemones, and hydras.

Similar to the jellyfish, a sea
anenome does not have a
complex respiratory systems
and it does not have organs
that make up a system.
On the sea anenome, a pore
takes in a flow of water that
carries the oxygen.
The oxygen is then absorbed
into the sea anenome, and
the flow of water removes
waste such as carbon
dioxide.
Without lungs and gills, the
sea anenome must go
through passive diffusion to
absorb oxygen.

Jelly fish do not have a

specialized respiratory

system. Their surface is thin

enough for the jellyfish to

take oxygen directly from the

water and then release

carbon dioxide.

The oxygen is absorbed

through the coelenteron.

Therefore, jellyfish take

in oxygen and release

carbon dioxide through

diffusion because of their

thin layer of skin.

Platyhelminthes is another name for
flatworms. This phylum consists of are a
phylum of relatively simple unsegmented,
soft-bodied invertebrate animals. Animals in
this phylum have no body cavity, no
specialized circulatory and no respiratory
organs. There are only 20,000 known species in
this phylum.

Flatworms, like any Tapeworms are

other animal, take in parasitic animals. They

oxygen and release can not live on their

carbon dioxide. But own so they remain in

flatworm do not the digestive system of

undergo cellular their host.

respiration. This does not allow

Instead they undergo them to breath oxygen

diffusion to obtain the then. Instead

oxygen they need, and tapeworms use

release the carbon anaerobic respiration.

dioxide they don't. This allows them to

This is mainly the break down sugar into

reason for flatworms ethanol or lactic acid,

but without oxygen.

being flat. This is a less efficient

Every cell must respire, process the aerobic

so no cell can be too respiration but

far from their surface. tapeworms do not

require much energy.

RESPIRSAKTINION BY

The phylum is mostly made up from segmented
worms, such as earthworms, rag worms and
leeches.They can be found abundantly in moist
areas. They tend to be long and are externally
divided into segments by annuli.

The Earthworm can be The Leech is known for
making a living out of
commonly found blood sucking.
They are used in medical
underground feeding on procedures to help those
that are ill.
dead matter. The leech can be found in
still water, such as ponds
They are one of the worlds and small lakes.
It has no lungs, nor gills
organic ways of recycling. of any sort, but uses its
skin to take in oxygen.
They breathe the same The leech uses the
method known as
way the Nematoda do, diffusion to exchange
oxygen with carbon
they breathe through dioxide.

their skin.

The Earthworm contains a

moist layer of skin around

it, which this necessary

for it to take in oxygen.

They can only travel in

moist environmental,

such as damp soil.

That is why they only

surface after a rainy day

or at night, where the air

is moist.

RESPIGRIALTLSION BY

FISH

Most fishes exchange dissolved oxygen and carbon
dioxide in water by means of the gills.
The gills lie behind and to the side of the mouth cavity and
consist of fleshy filaments supported by the gill arches
and filled with blood vessels, which give gills a bright red
colour.
Water taken in continuously through the mouth passes
backward between the gill bars and over the gill
filaments, where the exchange of gases takes place.

RESTPRIARACTHOEARYL SSYYSSTTEEMMBY

Most small anthropada such as the insects do not have a
respiratory system as the oxygen can diffuse into their
bodies through internal tubes and air sacs. Crustacean
organisms have gills that give it the ability to breathe.
Finally, the arachnids have book lungs that allow them
to breathe. Most organisms under the antrhopada
contain a respiratory pigment called hemocyanin that
assists in transporting oxygen throughout the body. The
Anthropada organisms are much like humans as they
need oxygen to function and create energy for daily
activities.

The spider has two distinct
organ pairs that allow it to
breathe.
The first organ pair that a
spider can have is called the
anterior pair.
The second organ pair is called
the posterior pair. Some spiders
can have both or just one.
Spiders can either have a book
lung, (as seen above) which
corresponds to the anterior
pair or trachea, which
corresponds to the posterior
pair.

The fly is an insect who
requires diffusion of oxygen to
be present in order to survive.
Oxygen enters into the fly
through the spiracle and
delivers the oxygen to each
individual cell present in the
fly.
Once the fly has taken up all
of the oxygen, it releases the
carbon dioxide through the
spiracle.

RESPILRUANTGISON BY

AVES-BIRDS

Like most mammals, the eagle
has lungs that allow it to breathe
oxygen.
The eagle is capable of breathing
through their nasal passages.
The oxygen travels through into
the lungs, which will supply
oxygen for cells to perform their
tasks.
They also release carbon dioxide
the same way.

REPTILE-CROCODILE

The crocodile is a water based
organism, but does not contain
any gills that allow it to
breathe underwater.
The crocodile will raise its head
out of the water to take in the
oxygen.
Much like the other examples,
the crocodile will breathe
through their nasal passages
and bring the oxygen into the
lungs.
They will also release carbon
dioxide the same way

MAMMALIA

COMPLETSEYRSETSEPMIRATORY

Mammalian respiration
occurs in the animal’s
respiratory system.
A respiratory system is
made up of muscles and
airways that work to
bring fresh air into
lungs where oxygen is
exchanged in blood for
carbon dioxide.
The airways are often
lined with hairs or other
structures that help to
clean the air of dust and
microbes before it
enters the lungs.
When a dog breathes air
in through its nose or
mouth,
The air travels down the
trachea, which divides
into the tubes
Known as the right and
left bronchi, then into
the smaller airways
called bronchioles in the
lungs

MEET THESE
INCEDIBLE ANIMAL

BREATHERS!

Did you know your left lung is slightly
smaller than the right one? Why? It’s so
there’s enough room to accommodate our
heart. This is a trait we share with snakes
who, in certain species, have given up on
two lungs altogether and just have the
one.

It comes as no surprise that the fastest
living land animal, the cheetah, is
purposefully built for speed. Their
respiration rate rockets from 60 to 150
breaths per minute, double that of
humans, to fuel this massive expansion
of energy.

Scientists have discovered that the
creatures have developed the ability to
‘tape’ their internal organs to their
skeleton using fibrous tissue to prevent
them from moving when inverted. This
saves the sloth much needed energy
required for their non-energetic
existence.