Ташкент- 2020 год E-poster presentation abstracts. Research report category
52 Abstract 01 ENHANCING ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION FOR YOUNGSTERS IN HIGH-IMPACT SPORT: AN INNOVATIVE TRAINING MODULE Asma AAA1 , Siti Nadia R2 and Azlan J 3 1Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 3Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia BACKGROUND: Sports-related dental injuries are prevalent, particularly in high-impact sports such as rugby, where players are exposed to frequent collisions. Thus, it necessitates an increased focus on dental injury awareness campaigns. However, the current generation possesses unique learning styles shaped by their upbringing in the technology-driven era. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of a new Dental Trauma training module designed and tailored to youth’s learning preferences by incorporating active learning elements i.e. demonstrational activities (DA) and gamification (GF). METHODS: A quasi-experimental study involving 9 to 20-year-old Rugby players exposed to the new Dental Trauma training module has been conducted. Baseline, post (after DA) and final (after GF) assessments via online validated surveys were done to measure participants' knowledge improvement and educational gamification experiences. RESULTS: Thirty-four participants, mostly female (62%) attended the program with a mean age of 12.6±3.34 years. After the DA, participants had an increment of dental trauma knowledge in all 9 items (14% to 77%). By integrating GF, further positive percentage changes in knowledge were observed in 5 items (4% to 29%), but negative changes in 3 items (3% to 7%). The highest impact was noted in the item ‘replanting avulsed tooth immediately’ (9.1% vs 86.2% vs 93.5%). Participants expressed a highly positive response towards GF with an overall mean of 8.5±2.29 with ‘had useful information’ scored the highest mean (8.93±2.24). CONCLUSION: Integration of active learning techniques i.e. the demonstrational activities and gamification in the Dental Trauma awareness program enhanced participants’ knowledge and had better engagement. This study highlights the potential of innovative educational approaches to promote better oral health among youngsters participating in high-impact sports. KEYWORDS: demonstration; dental trauma; gamification; oral health promotion Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
53 Abstract 02 THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS TO CAD/CAM MONOLITHIC DENTAL CERAMICS Chan Choon Chong1 , Aufa Dahlia Bahar2 , Yasmin Kamarudin2 , Noor Azlin Yahya3 1Orthodontic Unit, Tawau Dental Clinic, Tawau, Sabah 2Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya 3Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya BACKGROUND: Various contemporary monolithic ceramic blocks are invented to facilitate the automated production of quick restorations with CAD/CAM system. The performance of the existing bonding protocol might not suffice with the ever-changing CAD/CAM ceramics. OBJECTIVES: (i) To compare the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of brackets with different combinations of CAD/CAM monolithic ceramics and primers. (ii) To assess the mode of bond failure. (iii) To determine the association between surface roughness and SBS. METHODS: Four types of ceramics were selected (IPS e.max® CAD; Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer; GC CERASMARTTM; CEREC Bloc). The ceramics were etched with hydrofluoric acid. Surface roughness was assessed with profilometer and scanning electron microscope. The etched surfaces were primed with three types of primers (Ultradent® Silane and 3MTM TransbondTM XT Primer, 3MTM ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive, and Kerr OptibondTM Universal). Brackets were then bonded with orthodontic adhesive and tested for SBS with a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was evaluated with Adhesive Remnant Index. RESULTS: The median SBS for resin nanoceramic (GC CERASMARTTM), feldspathic ceramic (CEREC Bloc), yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer) and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max® CAD) were 28.88 MPa, 19.90 MPa, 18.88 MPa and 12.01 MPa respectively. The median SBS for Kerr OptibondTM Universal, 3MTM ScotchbondTM Universal Adhesive and a combination of Ultradent® Silane and 3MTM TransbondTM XT Primer were 21.43 MPa, 21.23 MPa and 19.50 MPa respectively. CONCLUSION: SBS of brackets to CAD/CAM monolithic dental ceramic is higher than to enamel surface. There is a significant difference in SBS between ceramic types but no significant difference in SBS between conventional primer and universal primers. The predominant failure mode observed was at the ceramic–adhesive interface. There is no association between the average surface roughness of CAD/CAM monolithic ceramics following hydrofluoric acid etching and SBS. KEYWORDS: demonstration; dental trauma; gamification; oral health promotion Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
54 Abstract 03 DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL NANO-SIZED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT FORMULATION WITH ENHANCED BIOACTIVITY PROPERTIES N. Tuygunov1 , N.A. Yahya2,3, A.A. Aziz2,3 and A. Cahyanto2,3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 3 Biomaterials Technology Research Groups, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia BACKGROUND: Conventional Glass Ionopmer Cement (GIC) is widely used in dentistry, but its weak bond with teeth is a drawback. Enhancing its bioactive properties, by creating an appetite interlayer through increasing ion release properties, could improve integration with teeth. This is challenging due to the pH-lowering effect of polyacrylic acid released from conventional GIC cement, which inhibits apatite formation. OBJECTIVES: To fabricate a nano-sized conventional GIC powder formulation modified with Tetracalcium Phosphate (TTCP) and Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and investigate its chemical (EDX, FTIR, XRD), physical (initial setting time, ion release, ph), mechanical properties (compressive strength) and compare with commercial product. METHODS: The GIC powder was fabricated using melt-quenching method with weight compositions of SiO2-45%; Al2O3-35%; CaF-15%; P2O5-3%; CaO-2%. The resulting glass underwent a two-step ball milling process to achieve nano-sized particles. Subsequently, it was further modified with HAP and TTCP in weight compositions: 7% and 3%, respectively. Statistical analysis was executed using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA followed by posthoc testing. RESULTS: Fabricated GIC powder showed an amorphous nature with distinct chemical composition differences from the commercial product. Nanostructure (<100nm) was confirmed using particle size analyzer (PSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporation of TTCP resulted in an extended initial setting time, while HAP did not affect the initial setting time significantly. Both TTCP and HAP increased Ca and P ion release and shifted pH towards neutral. However, TTCP led to the most significant ion release enhancement but reduced compressive strength (p < 0.05), while substituting TTCP with HAP significantly increased compressive strength (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TTCP and HAP show promise in enhancing Ca and P ion release and adjusting pH towards neutrality, suggesting potential benefits for dental applications. Nonetheless, additional research is needed to investigate their clinical implications and long-term efficacy in dental practice. Keywords: glass ionomer cement, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, tetra calcium phosphate, mechanical strength Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
55 Abstract 04 ONLINE GAMIFIED CASE-BASED LEARNING IN DENTAL TRAUMA Zainal Aalam N1 , Yusop FD2 , Azizi NZ1 1Department of Paediatric Dentisty and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya 2Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya BACKGROUND: Undergraduate dental students may have limited baseline knowledge and clinical experience in traumatic dental injuries (TDI). Emergency management for TDI is crucial and often time-sensitive. Online Case-Based Learning (CBL) in dentistry is one digital initiative to simulate complex problem-solving in clinical scenarios among dental students. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the online, self-paced, gamified and interactive CBL module for dental undergraduate students. METHODS: Two simulated clinical scenarios related to dental trauma were designed and transformed into animated videos. Appropriate formative assessments along with the video were improvised into online gamification platforms, and undergraduate dental students were invited to attempt the CBL within a six-week period. As students progressed through each case, they were prompted with several guiding questions at various checkpoints until the case was solved. Their academic performance was evaluated using a pre- and post-test quiz, and the effect of gamification on learning outcomes was examined using a post-intervention questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-four undergraduate dental students participated in this project. Pre- and post-test results also revealed a significant improvement in their academic performance (p<0.05). 66.7% of them said they were engaged in the learning process and felt more confident about dealing with dental trauma in the future. All students reported a positive experience with the CBL. CONCLUSION: The interactive online CBL module provides a safe virtual environment for undergraduate students to practise and solve clinical cases related to dental trauma, even with a lack of clinical encounters. Including gamification in the CBL may bring more engagement, motivate interactive actions, promote learning, and enhance problem-solving skills among the students. KEYWORDS: Dental education; Dental trauma; Undergraduate Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
56 Abstract 05 EFFECTS OF ADHESIVE MATERIALS AND POLISHING TECHNIQUES ON DENTAL TRAUMA SPLINT WORKING TIME AND ENAMEL SURFACE Zalikha Adila Zainuren1 , Norashikin Abu Bakar2 , Annapurny Venkiteswaran2 1Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. BACKGROUND: The application of dental adhesive materials and polishing techniques for dental trauma splints can lead to different working times and iatrogenic damage to the enamel. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of adhesive materials and polishing techniques on the working time during placement and removal of dental trauma splints and their effects on the enamel surface, as measured by the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel loss. METHODS: Eight types of adhesive materials which consisted of four groups of composite resin and four groups of GIC-based materials were used to place 0.4 mm stainless steel wire for dental trauma splint on extracted teeth models. The working time during placement and removal of the dental trauma splint with debonding plier was recorded and analysed with One-way ANOVA. The remnants of adhesive material on the enamel surface were polished using six different techniques. ARI was determined by measuring pre and post-splinting Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) microphotographs of the enamel surfaces. The enamel loss on the labial surface was analysed using a contact stylus profiler. Kruskal-Wallis H test and 2-way ANOVA were used to analyse ARI and enamel loss respectively. RESULTS: The working time during placement and removal of dental trauma splint revealed a significant difference between different groups of adhesive materials (p <0.001; p=0.007). A significant difference was also observed in both ARI and enamel loss between different types of adhesive material (p <0.001). No significant difference was observed between different polishing techniques (p=0.098). CONCLUSIONS: Flowable composite resin self-etch and light-cure RMGIC have shown a favourable working time and cause the least iatrogenic damage to the enamel surface, which is particularly beneficial for dental trauma splints. KEYWORDS: adhesive material; polishing technique, trauma splint Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
57 Abstract 06 EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF FLEXURAL STREGNTH AND MICROHARDNESS OF LITHIUM DISIICATE-BASED CAD/CAM BLOCKS Zulkiffli S1 , Yeoh OT1 , Yahya NA1 , and Kutty MG1 1Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya BACKGROUND: The variations of IPS emax CAD were utilised for construction of dental prosthesis ever since its patent expired in 2015. However, data and studies concerning mechanical properties of these recent lithium disilicate-based CAD/CAM are scarce and it warrants for an investigation to provide scientific evidence to support its routine use. OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare the flexural strength and microhardness of the tested materials (2) To analyse and compare the microstructure, elemental composition and distribution of the tested materials before and after heat-treatment. METHODS: Four CAD/CAM lithium disilicate brands were investigated; IPS emax, Mazic Claro, Cameo, and Tessera. Specimens (n = 10) were cut and final crystallization was performed following manufacturer’s instructions. Specimens were polished until the final dimensions for flexural strength (16 x 4 x 1.2 mm) and microhardness test (15 x 13 x 2 mm) were achieved. One specimen from each brand was analysed for the microstructure, elemental composition and distribution before and after heat treatment using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The three-point flexural strength test (n=10) was performed using universal testing machine and microhardness test (n=10) was performed using Vickers microhardness testing machine. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 test. RESULTS: The highest mean flexural strength was from Group 4 Tessera (540.52 ± 143.33 MPa). For microhardness, the highest mean was from Group 1 Mazic Claro (667.70 ± 9.41 HV). Within the four groups, statistically significant difference is noted for flexural strength (p=0.001) and microhardness (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Tessera demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength than IPS emax and Cameo. Mazic and Tessera demonstrated significantly higher microhardness than IPS emax and Cameo. There was a difference in the crystal size after the heat treatment of all four lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks. KEYWORDS: CAD/CAM; Lithium disilicate; Flexural strength; Microhardness; Microstructure Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
58 Abstract 07 DENTAL AESTHETICS AND SELF-ESTEEM OF PATIENTS SEEKING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Mohd Zuhairi FA1 , Sagi MS1 , Bahar AD2 , Wan Hassan WN2 1Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia BACKGROUND: Self-esteem may be affected by one's appearance, particularly by one's facial features, of which the smile is one of the key factors. The state of a person's teeth, which vary from person to person, will have an impact on how they smile. While these distinctions vary depending on persona, an individual's low sense of self-worth is enhanced if they believe that they have an unappealing smile. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how patients' perceptions of their dental aesthetics and their sense of self-esteem are related and to predict the predictors of self-esteem in order to priotise patient’s severity of affected self-esteem in relation to acquire orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The cross-sectional study recruited 138 new patients seeking orthodontic treatment. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of three parts; the Malaysian Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (M-PIDAQ), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES-M) and Aesthetics Component of Index of Orthodontics Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) were given to the patients. Multiple linear regression was performed using SPSS with self-esteem as the dependent variable while the independent variables comprized the domains of PIDAQ, IOTN-AC, IOTN-DHC and patients’ demographics such as age, gender and level of education. RESULTS: The response rate was 98.6%. The multiple linear regression found, when the other predictors in the model were held constant, Social Impact (SI), Aesthetic Concern (AC), and Dental Self-Confidence (DSC) were the factors that significantly explained the variation in self-esteem, accounting for, 3.9%, 2.3%, and 2.0%, respectively. The entire model explained 23% of the variation in self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Dental aesthetics appeared to influence the self-esteem of orthodontic treatment- seeking patients, mainly impacting their social well-being, aesthetic concerns and dental self- confidence. KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; oral health-related quality of life; dental aesthetics; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs; quality of life; malocclusion; orthodontics Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
59 Abstract 08 DOWNSIZING LOCALLY PRODUCED PORTLAND CEMENT FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS: THE EFFECT ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES Hoda Mohamed Elnawawy1 , Muralithran G. Kutty1 , Noor Azlin Yahya1 , Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim1 , Paul Roy Cooper2 , Josette Camilleri3 , Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed1 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand 3School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. BACKGROUND: White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) has been frequently used in endodontics owing to its proven biocompatibility. However, it has drawbacks such as prolonged setting time and high cost. Malaysian White Portland Cement (MPC) has been introduced as a promising and economic potential substitute. However, it still needs improvement to be clinically applied. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to assess the setting time, push-out bond strength and cytotoxicity of a radiopaque experimental Malaysian Portland cement (REPC) with reduced particle size in comparison with ProRoot WMTA. METHODS: Under pre-calibrated specifications, experimental Portland cement (EPC) was produced using high energy ball milling, followed by addition of nano-zirconium oxide to produce REPC. Particle size analysis (PSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to determine the particle size and morphology of the powders. The Initial setting time was measured using Vicat apparatus and push-out bond strength was evaluated. Cement cytotoxicity was tested using MTT assay, and cell attachment was evaluated under SEM on human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) after 24 and 72 hrs of incubation. One way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (P=0.05). RESULTS: PSA revealed that REPC exhibited the finest particle size (354.5+26.45 nm), while MPC (1147.8+337.1 nm) had the largest (P<0.05). The mean setting time of REPC (32.7+0.58 mins) was significantly shorter compared to WMTA (131.67+2.89 mins). Additionally, REPC demonstrated significantly higher push-out bond strength compared to WMTA (P<0.05). MTT results indicated favourable cell viability values with no significant difference among all groups. All groups showed healthy, flat spindle-shaped cells with prominent and communicating cytoplasmic processes especially after 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: By reducing the particle size of MPC, the setting time was shortened, and the pushout bond strength was enhanced. The cell viability and cell-attachment were similar for all cements. The REPC can be a potential cost-effective substitute to WMTA. Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Malaysian Portland cement; particle size; physico-mechanical; WMTA. Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
60 Abstract 09 AN IN-VITRO STUDY COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF SELECTED ECO-FRIENDLY TOOTHBRUSH BRISTLES WITH NYLON BRISTLES IN REMOVING DENTAL PLAQUE Ahmad Ubaidillah AH1 ,Abdul Razak MA1 , Abdul Aziz A1 , Munusamy SM, 1 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya BACKGROUND: The escalation of plastic pollution globally poses significant threats to the environment, wildlife, and human health. Conventional toothbrushes, comprising plastic handles and nylon bristles, are major contributors to the plastic waste. While eco-friendly toothbrush options have emerged primarily focusing on handle materials, transitioning away from nylon bristles could notably mitigate environmental harm. Given that bristles play a pivotal role in plaque removal, evaluating the efficacy of eco-friendly alternatives becomes imperative. As a dental professional, it is essential to advocate for further research into the effectiveness and safety of these products to ensure their suitability for oral hygiene practices at home. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of selected eco-friendly toothbrush bristles in plaque removal METHODS: Three types of toothbrushes with different bristles were chosen and divided into three respective groups (n=15); Group 1: Conventional nylon bristles, Jordan Clean Smile (Control group), Group 2: Bio-based bristles toothbrush, Jordan Green Clean, Group 3: Miswak bristles, AlAbyad Miswak Toothbrush. The dental KAVO model was prepared with an artificial plaque from Arti-spray, an occlusal contact colour indicator. The artificial plaque was sprayed on the upper anterior teeth & lower left posterior teeth segment. Toothbrush simulation was done by a volunteer for 30 seconds per segment with horizontal brushing motion. After brushing, the remaining plaque index was evaluated with Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein plaque index. RESULTS: The lowest mean plaque index was from Group 3 (1.55±0.29), and the highest was from Group 1 (2.06±0.08). The One-Way ANOVA showed a statistically significant mean difference (p < 0.05) in mean plaque index between Groups 1 & 3, in which that Group 3 has a lower mean plaque index than Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Eco-friendly toothbrush bristles have similar efficacy (if not better) in terms of mechanical dental plaque removal when compared to conventional nylon bristles in-vitro. KEYWORDS: eco-friendly toothbrush; dental plaque; in-vitro; artificial plaque; manual brushing Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
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66 Acknowledgement IDTC E-Posters Judges: The International Dental Traumatology Conference (IDTC) Organizing Committee would like to extend its deepest appreciation to the esteemed judges who generously contributed their time, expertise, and invaluable insights to the adjudication process of the conference. Their commitment to excellence and dedication to advancing dental traumatology have been instrumental in ensuring the success of this event. List of Judges – IDTC: Case Report Category: 1. Prof Dr Zamri Radzi (University of Malaya); 2. A/P Dr Safura Anita Baharin (National University of Malaysia); 3. A/P Dr Shani Ann Mani (University of Malaya); 4. Dr Samsanizah Azman (Ministry of Health); Research Category 1. Dr Jasmina Kamaruzaman (National University of Malaysia); 2. Dr Zuliani Mahmood (University of Science Malaysia); We extend our heartfelt gratitude to each judge for their exemplary service. Gifts Sponsors Additionally, Committee extends its heartfelt gratitude to sponsors. Their contributions have played a pivotal role in facilitating the exchange of knowledge, fostering collaboration, and advancing dental traumatology research and practice. Sponsors: Mani Medical Device Malaysia Sdn. Bhd- Sponsor of 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd prizes of case reports and research reports competition, lucky draw and door gift. Ameba Products (M) Sdn. Bhd. - Sponsor of 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd prizes of case reports and research reports competition, lucky draw and speakers gifts. Coltene - Sponsor of 1 st prize of case reports and research reports competition. Indra Sari Trading – Sponsor of Lucky Draw. Haleon – Sponsor of door gift. Fakulti Pergigian Faculty of Dentistry
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