8.3

8.3 1. Pegang rod kuprum pegun di antara dua kutub
magnet magnadur. Perhatikan bacaan jarum
Idea galvanometer.
Rajah 8.3.1 menunjukkan dynamo basikal yang Hold the copper rod stationary between the poles
dapat menyalakan lampu apabila diputarkan oleh of the magnet. Observe the reading of the
roda basikal. galvanometer.
Diagram 8.3.1 shows a dynamo bicycle can light up the
light when it is rotate by the tyres. 2. Gerakkan rod itu dengan cepat mengikut arah
1. Perhatikan pesongan jarum galvanometer.
Apabila konduktor digerakkan dalam medan Move the rod quickly in Direction 1. Observe the
magnet, arus dapat dihasilkan. deflection of the galvanometer.
Penghasilan arus dalam suatu konduktor di bawah
aruhan suatu medan magnet yang berubah-ubah 3. Ulang langkah 2 untuk arah yang lain.
dikenali sebagai aruhan electromagnet. Repeat step 2 for the other directions.
When the conductor is moved in the magnetic field,
current is produced. The production of current in a Tindakan Pesongan pada
conductor by magnetic induction is known as Action galvanometer
electromagnetic induction. Deflection on the
Huraikan aruhan elektromagnet Pegang pegun galvanometer
Describe electromagnetic induction Held stationary

Aktiviti 1 / Activity 1: Arah 1: Gerakan ke atas
Tujuan: mengkaji aruhan electromagnet. Direction 1: Moving up
Aim: To Investigate electromagnetic induction
1. Aruhan Elektromagnet dalam dawai lurus. Arah 2: Gerakan ke bawah
Direction 2: Moving down
Electromagnetic Induction in a straight wire.
Prosedur / Procedure: Arah 3,4,5,6: Gerakan
sebelah
Direction 3, 4, 5, 6 Moving
sideways
Gerakan dengan lebih laju
Moving with higher speeds

Perbincangan / Discussion
a) Apakah yang berlaku kepada penunjuk

galvanometer apabila dawai digerakkan ke atas
dan ke bawah merentasi medan magnet? What
happens to the galvanometer pointer when the wire
moves up and down across the magnetic field?

………………………………………………………..

b) Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh pesongan
penunjuk galvanometer?
What does the deflection of the galvanometer
pointer indicate?

………………………………………………………..

c) Berpandukan pada keputusan ekseperimen,
bagaimanakah arus aruhan dihasilkan?
Based on the results of your experiment, how an
induced current is produced?

………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………….

d) Apakah yang berlaku pada penunjuk Prosedur / Procedure Pesongan pada
galvanometer apabila dawai pegun di dalam galvanometer
medan magnet. Terangkan jawapan anda. Tindakan Deflection on the
What happens to the galvanometer pointer when Action galvanometer
the wire is stationary in the magnetic field. Explain
your answer. Tolak magnet bar ke
dalam solenoid.
……………………………………………………………… Push the bar magnet into
the solenoid.
……………………………………………………………… Pegang magnet bar
pegun di dalam solenoid.
……………………………………………………………… Hold the bar magnet
stationary in the solenoid.
e) Apakah yang berlaku kepada penunjuk Tarik keluar magnet bar
galvanometer apaila dawai bergerak selari keluar daripada solenoid.
dengan medan magnet? Beri sebab. Pull the bar magnet out of
What will happen to the galvanometer pointer when the solenoid.
the wire moves parallel to the magnetic field? Give Pegang magnet bar
reason. pegun. Tolak solenoid ke
arah magnet bar.
……………………………………………………………… Hold the bar magnet
stationary. Push the
……………………………………………………………… solenoid towards the bar
magnet.
……………………………………………………………… Pegang magnet bar
pegun di dalam solenoid.
f) Apa yang berlaku kepada penunjuk Hold the bar magnet
galvanometer jika dawai dibiarkan pegun tetapi stationary in the solenoid.
magnet digerakkan ke atas dan ke bawah? Tarik keluar solenoid
Mengapa? daripada magnet bar.
What will happen to the galvanometer pointer if the Pull the solenoid away from
wire is made stationary but the magnets are moved the bar magnet.
upwards and downwards? Why?
Perbincangan / Discussion
……………………………………………………………… a) Apakah pesongan penunjuk galvanometer

……………………………………………………………… apabila magnet dan solenoid mendekati antara
satu sama lain?
……………………………………………………………… What is the deflection of the galvanometer with the
magnet and solenoid coming closer to each other?
g) Hubungkan gerakan rod kuprum yang
mengalirkan arus melaluinya dengan arah garis …………………………………………………………
medan magnet.
Relate the motion of the copper rod that produces …………………………………………………………
a current in it to the direction of the magnetic field
lines. b) Apakah pesongan galvanometer apabila
magnet dan galvanometer menjauhi antara satu
……………………………………………………………… sama lain?
What is the deflection of the galvanometer with the
……………………………………………………………… magnet and solenoid moving further away from
each other?
2. Aruhan electromagnet dalam solenoid
Electromagnetic Induction in a solenoid. ………………………………………………………..

Radas: Magnet bar, wayar penyambung, sensitif ………………………………………………………..
galvanometer, solenoid.
Apparatus: Bar magnet, connecting wires, sensitive
centre-zero galvanometer and solenoid

c) Terangkan bagaimanan arus aruhan dihasilkan Aktiviti 2 / Activity 2
dalam solenoid menggunakan magnet. Tujuan; Menentukan arah arus aruhan dalam dawai
Explain how induced current is produced in a lurus
solenoid using a magnet. Aim: Indicate the direction of the induced current in a
straight wire
……………………………………………………… Peraturan tangan kanan Fleming
Fleming’s right-hand rule:
……………………………………………………….
2. Gariskan jawapan yang betul untuk
d) Apakah yang berlaku pada penunjuk menunjukkan arah arus aruhan.
galvanometer apabila magnet pegun di dalam Underline the correct answer to show the direction
solenoid. Beri sebab ada jawapan anda. of the induced current?
What happens to the galvanometer pointer when
the magnet remains stationary in the solenoid?
Give reason to your answer.

………………………………………………………..

Kesimpulan / Conclusion
Rajah 8.3.4 menunjukkan satu dawai lurus
digerakkan dalam medan magnet.
Diagram 8.3.4 shows a straight wire is moved in a
magnetic field.

Rajah 8.3.5 menunjukkan satu magnet bar (a) Gerakkan dawai ke bawah: [ PQ / QP]
digerakkan masuk ke dalam solenoid. Moving the wire upwards:
Diagram 8.3.5 shows a bar magnet is moved inside a
solenoid. (b) Gerakkan dawai ke atas: [PQ / QP]
Moving the wire downwards:

3. Gariskan jawapan yang betul untuk
menunjukkan arah arus aruhan.
Underline the correct answer to show the direction
of the induced current?

(a) Nyatakan dua cara untuk menghasilkan arus (a) Gerakkan dawai ke bawah: [ PQ / QP]
aruhan dalam konduktor. Moving the wire upwards:
State two ways to produce an induced current in
the conductor (b) Gerakkan dawai ke atas: [PQ / QP]
Moving the wire downwards:
………………………………………………………..
4. Tentukan kutub magnet pada P dan Q
……………………………………………………….. Determine the poles at P and Q.

(b) Berdasarkan Rajah 8.3.4 dan 8.3.5, mengapa P : ………………… Q: …………………..
penunjuk galvanometer terpesong?
According to Diagram 8.3.4 and 8.3.5, why does
the galvanometer pointer deflect?

…………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………….

(b) Magnet is moved away from the solenoid

Aktiviti 3 / Activity 3 (i) Apa yang berlaku apabila magnet ditolak keluar
Tujuan: Menentukan arah arus aruhan daripada solenoid?
Aim: Indicate the direction of the induced current in a What happens when the magnet is pushed away
solenoid by Lenz’s Law from solenoid?
Nyatakan hukum Lenz/ State Lenz’s Law:
………………………………………………………
(a) Magnet is moved towards the solenoid (ii) Apa yang dihasilkan pada solenoid sekiranya

arus mengalir melaluinya?
What is produced on the solenoid if current flows
through it?

………………………………………………………

(i) Apa yang berlaku apabila magnet ditolak masuk (iii)Gerakkan magnet keluar daripada solenoid akan
ke dalam solenoid? menghasilkan arus. Mengikut hukum Lenz,
What happens when the magnet is pushed towards apakah yang perlu dibuat oleh gegelung supaya
solenoid? menentang gerakan yang menghasilkan arus
itu?
……………………………………………………… Pushed the magnet away from solenoid will produce
induced current. From Lenz’s law, what will the
……………………………………………………… solenoid do in order to oppose the motion that
produced the current?
(ii) Apa yang dihasilkan pada solenoid sekiranya
arus mengalir melaluinya? ………………………………………………………..
What is produced on the solenoid if current flows
through it? (iv)Nyatakan kutub magnet pada hujung solenoid
P? Terangkan jawapan anda.
……………………………………………………… State the magnet’s polarity at the end P of solenoid?
Explain your answer.
(iii)Gerakkan magnet masuk ke arah solenoid akan
menghasilkan arus. Mengikut hukum Lenz, …………………………………………………………
apakah yang perlu dibuat oleh soloneid supaya
menentang gerakan yang menghasilkan arus ………………………………………………………….
itu? ………………………………………………………….
Pushed the magnet towards solenoid will produce
induced current. From Lenz’s law, what will the (v) Berdasarkan Rajah 8.3.7, nyatakan:
solenoid do in order to oppose the motion that Base on Diagram 8.3.7, state:
produced the current?
Arah arus : ……………………………….
………………………………………………………..
Direction current:
Arah pesongan galvanometer: ………………….

(iv)Nyatakan kutub magnet pada hujung solenoid Direction of Deflection of galvanometer:
P? Terangkan jawapan anda.
State the magnet’s polarity at the end P of solenoid? (vi)Hukum Lenz merupakan suatu contoh prinsip
Explain your answer. keabadian tenaga. Kerja dilakukan untuk
menggerakkan magnet menentang daya yang
………………………………………………………… cuba menolaknya. Nyatakan perubahan tenaga
yang terlibat.
…………………………………………………………. Lenz’s law is an example of the Principle of
Conservation of Energy. When the magnet or
…………………………………………………………. solenoid is moved against the opposing force, work
is done. State the energy change involved. .
(v) Berdasarkan Rajah 8.3.6, nyatakan:
Base on Diagram 8.3.6, state: ………………………………………………………………

Arah arus : ………………………………. Tunjukkan pada Rajah 8.3.7 arah arus aruhan yang
betul apabila magnet digerakkan mengikut arah
Direction current: yang ditunjukkan.
Arah pesongan galvanometer: ………………….

Direction of Deflection of galvanometer:

Show on Diagram 8.3.7 the correct direction of the (c) Namakan hukum yang digunakan untuk
induced current when the magnet is moved in the menentukan arah arus.
direction shown. Name the law used to determine the direction of
current.

………………………………………………………

Aktiviti 4 / Activity 4:
Tujuan: Mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
magnitud arus aruhan oleh Hukum Faraday
Aim: To study factors that affect the magnitude of the
induced current by Faraday’s Law

Nyatakan hukum Faraday:
State Faraday’s Law:

Pemerhatian dan inferens daripada aktiviti
menyiasat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
magnitud arus aruhan dalam solenoid.
The observations and inferences from an experiment to
investigate the factors affecting the magnitude of the
induced current in a solenoid:

Rajah 8.3.8 / Diagram 8.3.8

Prosedur Pemerhatian dan
Procedure inferens

1. Laju gereakan Observation and
Speed of movement inference

(a) Apakah yang menyebabkan arus aruhan (a) Magnet digerakkan
dihasilkan dalam konduktor di atas dengan perlahan ke
What causes the current to be produced in the dalam solenoid 10
conductors above? lilitan.
The magnet is moved
……………………………………………………… slowly into the solenoid
of 10 turns.
………………………………………………………
(b) Magnet di gerakkan
(b) Apakah nama yang diberikan pada arus yang pada kelajuan tinggi.
dihasilkan di atas? The magnet is moved at
What is the name given to the current which is a faster speed.
produced?
2. Bilangan lilitan
……………………………………………………… Number of turns.

(a) Magnet digerakkan ke
arah solenoid yang
mempunyai 10
bilangan lilitan

The magnet is moved (ii) Dawai digerakkan menegak ke atas
slowly into the solenoid pada kelajuan yang tinggi.
of 10 turns. The wire is moved vertically upwards at a
higher speed.
(b) Magnet digerakkan ke
arah solenoid yang ………………………………………………
mempunyai 20
bilangan lilitan. (iii) Dawai diletakkan pegun di antara dua
The magnet is moved kutub magnet.
slowly into the solenoid The wire is held stationary in between the
of 20 turns. poles of the magnet.

3. Kekuatan medan ……………………………………………..
magnet
Strength of the magnetic 2. Rajah 8.3.10 menunjukkan satu magnet diikat
field pada spring.
Diagram 8.3.10 shows a magnet is attached to a
(a) Satu magnet spring.
digerakkan ke arah
solenoid Apa yang berlaku kepada arah pesongan
A weak magnet is moved penunjuk galvanometer apabila spring
slowly into the solenoid. bergetar?
What happens to the direction of the pointer as the
(b) 3 magnet bar spring vibrate?
digerakkan sekali ke
arah solenoid Gerakan Hujung A Hujung B
3 bar magnets together magnet (utara (utara/selatan)
is moved into the Magnet motion
solenoid /selatan) End B
Kutub selatan End A of (north / south)
Latihan 1 / Exercise 1 ke bawah (North / south)
1. Rajah 8.3.9 menunjukkan dawai kuprum yang South pole
downward
lurus dan tebal yang disambungkan ke Kutub selatan
galvanometer digerakkan menegak ke bawah ke atas
dalam medan magnet. South pole
Diagram 8.3.9 shows a straight thick copper wire upward
that is connected to a galvanometer is moved Kutub utara ke
vertically downwards in a magnetic field. bawah
North pole
Rajah 8.3.9 / Diagram 8.3.9 downward
Kutub utara ke
(a) Tandakan pada dawai arah arus aruhan atas
yang mengalir melaluinya. North pole
Mark on the wire the direction of the induced upward
current that flows through it.

(b) Namakan peraturan yang digunakan untuk
menentukan arah arus.
Name the rule that is used to work out the
direction of the current.

……………………………………………………

(c) Huraikan kesan ke atas arus aruhan jika:
Describe the effect on the induced current if:
(i) Dawai digerakkan menegak ke atas
pada kelajuan yang rendah.
The wire is moved vertically upwards at a
low speed,

………………………………………………

3. Arah arus aruhan mengalir dari X to Y seperti …………………………………………………………
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.3.11.
The direction of the induced current flow is from X Rajah menunjukkan gegelung berada dalam
to Y as shown in diagram 8.3.11. kedudukan mengufuk. Gegelung diputarkan
mengikut arah jam.
Diagram shows the coil is at the horizontal
position. The coil is rotated clock wise direction.

Apakah arah pergerakan dawai? (c) Tunjukkan arah gerakan gegelung AB dan
What is the direction of the motion of the wire? gegelung CD.
Show the direction of the coil AB and coil CD
………………………………………………………
AB: …………….. CD: ………………
Latihan 3 / Exercise 3
(d) Nyatakan arah arus aruhan dalam gegelung dan
1. Penjana Arus / Current Generator galvanometer.
(a) Apakah fungsi penjana arus? State the direction of the induced current in the coil
and the galvanometer.
What is the function of current generator?
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
(e) Namakan peraturan untuk menentukan arah
………………………………………………………… arus aruhan.
Name the rule to determine the direction of induced
(b) Namakan fizik konsep yang melibatkan prinsip current.
kerja penjana arus.
State the physics concept involve in the working …………………………………………………………
principal of current generator.
(f) Apakah arah pesongan penunjuk
……………………………………………………….. galvanometer? What is the direction of the
deflection of the galvanometer pointer? Show the
(c) Namakan dua jenis penjana arus. postion of the pointer.
Name two types of current generator.
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
Rajah menunjukkan gegelung berada pada
2. Rajah menunjukkan struktur penjana arus kedudukan menegak.
terus. Diagram shows the coil is in the vertical position.
Diagram shows the structure of a direct current
generator

(a) Labelkan bahagian-bahagian/Label the parts. (g) Tunjukkan kedudukan penunjuk galvanometer.
Show the position of the galvanometer pointer.
(b) Terangkan bagaimana penjana arus terus
menghasilkan arus. (h) Apa yang boleh dikatakan tentang kecerahan
Explain how a current generator produces current. mentol dan magnitud pesongan penunjuk
galvanometer?
………………………………………………………… What can you say about the brightness of the bulb
and the magnitude of the deflection of the
………………………………………………………… galvanometer pointer?

………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….

(i) Terangkan jawapan anda di (b).
Explain your answer in (b).

……………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………….. (o) Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada arus yang
dinyatakan dalam (n).
Rajah menunjukkan gegelung berada pada What is the name given to the current in (n).
kedudukan mengufuk tetapi gegelung AB dan
CD bertukar tempat. …………………………………………………..
Diagram shows the coil is at the horizontal
position but coil AB and CD change position. Penjana Arus Ulang Alik
Alternating Current Generator

3. Rajah menunjukkan struktur penjana arus
ulangalik.
Diagram shows the structure of an alternate
current generator

(j) Tunjukkan arah gerakan gegelung AB dan
gegelung CD.
Show the direction of the coil AB and coil CD

AB: …………….. CD: ………………

(k) Nyatakan arah arus aruhan dalam gegelung dan (a) Labelkan bahagian-bahagian yang ditunjukkan
galvanometer. pada Rajah.
State the direction of the induced current in the coil Label the parts on Diagram.
and the galvanometer.
Rajah 8.3.18(a) menunjukkan gegelung berada
………………………………………………………… dalam kedudukan mengufuk. Gegelung
diputarkan mengikut arah jam.
(l) Apakah arah pesongan penunjuk Diagram 8.3.18(a) shows the coil is at the
galvanometer? Tunjukkan kedudukan penunjuk horizontal position. The coil is rotated clock wise
galvanometer pada rajah. direction.
What is the direction of the deflection of the
galvanometer pointer? Show the postion of the
pointer.

…………………………………………………………

Rajah menunjukkan graf arus aruhan melawan
sudut putaran.
Diagram shows a graph induced current vs angle
of rotation.

(b) Tunjukkan arah gerakan gegelung AB dan
gegelung CD.
Show the direction of the coil AB and coil CD

AB: …………….. CD: ………………

(c) Nyatakan arah arus aruhan dalam gegelung dan

galvanometer.

State the direction of the induced current in the coil

and the galvanometer.

…………………………………………………………

(m) Lengkapkan graf tersebut. (d) Apakah arah pesongan penunjuk galvanometer?
Complete the graph. Tunjukkan kedudukan penunjuk galvanometer
pada rajah.
(n) Apa yang anda boleh katakan tentang magnitud What is the direction of the deflection of the
dan arah arus aruhan yang dihasilkan? galvanometer pointer? Show the postion of the
What can you say about the magnitude and pointer.
direction of the induced current produced?
…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
Rajah menunjukkan gegelung berada pada
……………………………………………………….. kedudukan menegak.

Diagram shows the coil is in the vertical position. What can you say about the direction of the
induced current produced?
(e) Tunjukkan kedudukan penunjuk galvanometer.
Show the position of the galvanometer pointer. …………………………………………………………

(f) Apa yang boleh dikatakan tentang kecerahan Rajah menunjukkan graf arus aruhan melawan
mentol dan magnitud pesongan penunjuk sudut putaran.
galvanometer? Diagram shows a graph induced current vs angle of
What can you say about the brightness of the bulb rotation.
and the magnitude of the deflection of the
galvanometer pointer? (k) Lengkapkan graf tersebut.
………………………………………………………… Complete the graph.

(f) Terangkan jawapan anda di (e). (l) Apa yang anda boleh katakan tentang magnitud
Explain your answer in (e). dan arah arus aruhan yang dihasilkan?
………………………………………………………… What can you say about the magnitude and
………………………………………………………… direction of the induced current produced?
…………………………………………………………
Rajah menunjukkan gegelung berada pada …………………………………………………………
kedudukan mengufuk tetapi gegelung AB dan
CD bertukar tempat. (m) Apakah nama yang diberikan kepada arus
Diagram shows the coil is at the horizontal yang dinyatakan dalam (d).
position but coil AB and CD change position. What is the name given to the current in (d).

(g) Tunjukkan arah gerakan gegelung AB dan …………………………………………………..
gegelung CD.
Show the direction of the coil AB and coil CD Latihan 4 / Exercise 4

1. Rajah 8.3.22 menunjukkan graf arus lawan
masa bagi arus terus dan arus ulang alik.
Diagram 8.3.22 shows a graph of current against
time for direct current and alternating current.

AB: …………….. CD: ………………

(h) Nyatakan arah arus aruhan dalam gegelung dan Arus terus Arus ulang alik
galvanometer. Direct current Alternating current
State the direction of the induced current in the coil
and the galvanometer.

…………………………………………………………

(i) Apakah arah pesongan penunjuk galvanometer? (a) Bagaimana arus terus yang mengalir berbeza
Tunjukkan kedudukan penunjuk galvanometer daripada arus ulang alik?
pada rajah. How is the flow of direct current different from
What is the direction of the deflection of the alternating current?
galvanometer pointer? Show the postion of the
pointer. ……………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………

(j) Apa yang anda boleh katakan tentang arah arus ………………………………………………………..
aruhan yang dihasilkan?

(b) Graf yang mewakili arus terus dari bateri 3. Rajah menunjukkan graf arus lawan masa dan
mempunyai garis lurus mendatar. Ini graf beza keupayaan lawan masa.
menandakan apa mengenai magnitude dan Diagram shows graph current against time and
arah arus? graph voltage against time.
The graph that represents direct current from a
battery is a horizontal straight line. What does this Hitung tempoh arus ulang alik jika frekuensi
indicate about its magnitude and direction? ialah 50 Hz.
Calculate period of alternating current if frekuency
……………………………………………………… is 50 Hz.
4. Rajah menunjukkan arus ulang alik yang
……………………………………………………… berubah magnitud dengan masa.
Diagram shows alternating current with a magnitude
(c) Graf yang mewakili arus ulang alik mempunyai changes with time.
bentuk sinus. Ini menandakan apa mengenai
magnitude dan arah arus? (a) Berapakah arus puncak?
The graph that represents alternating current has What is the peak current?
a sinusoidal shape. What does this indicate about
its magnitude and direction? (b) Apakah tempoh arus ulang alik?
What is the period of the a.c. current?
………………………………………………………..
(c) Hitung frekuensi arus ulang alik.
……………………………………………………….. Calculate the frequency of the alternating
current.
2. Rajah menunjukkan pengaliran arus terus dan
arus ulang alik melalui satu kapasitor.
Diagram shows the flow of direct current and
alternating current passing through a capacitor.

(a) Bandingkan kebolehan arus terus dan arus
ulang alik mengalirkan arus melalui kapasitor?
Compare the abilitiy of direct current and
alternating current to pass through a capacitor?

………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………

(b) Bandingkan kesan pemanasan oleh arus terus
dan arus ulang alik.
Compare the heating effect by direct current and
alternating current.

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

TUTORIAL 8.3 3. Which diagram below shows the correct
direction of the induced current in the coil
1. Diagram below shows a permanent magnet when the bar magnet is moved in the direction
moving towards and entering the end of a coil shown? (2005)
of wire connected to a sensitive galvanometer. Gambar rajah yang manakah menunjukkan arah
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan magnet kekal aliran arus yang betul apabila magnet digerakkan
digerakkan ke arah hujung gegelung wayar yang mengikut arah yang ditunjukkan?
disambungkan ke galvanometer yang peka.

Which of the following observations is correct? 4. The diagram shows a magnet oscillating in a
Manakah antara pemerhatian yang betul? solenoid.
A. The magnetic field passing through the coil Rajah menunjukkan satu magnt berayun di dalam
solenoid.
is unchanged.
Medan magnet melalui gegelung tidak berubah.
B. The induced current passes through the
galvanometer in the direction from P to Q.
Arus aruhan melalui galvanometer ikut arah P ke
Q.
C. The induced current passes through the
galvanometer in the direction from Q to P.
Arus aruhan melalui galvanometer ikut arah Q
ke P.
D. The heat energy produced in the coil is more
than the work done to move the magnet.
Tenaga haba dihasilkan dalam gegelung lebih
banyak daripada kerja yang dilakukan untuk
menggerakkan magnet.

2. Diagram below shows the arrangement of a Which of these actions will not increase the
solenoid and a magnet. deflection of the galvanometer pointer? (2003)
Rajah 24 menunjukkan susunan solenoid dan Tindakan manakah yang tidak menambahkan
pesongan penunjuk galvanometer?
magnet. A. Reversing the polarity of the magnet.
Which of the following statement is not a
method to produce induced e.m.f. in the Songsangkan kutub magnet.
solenoid? (2006) B. Increasing the number of turns in the
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan kaedah
menghasilkan d.g.e. teraruh dalam solenoid itu? solenoid
A. The magnet is pulled out of the solenoid. Tambah bilangan lilitan gegelung dalam
solenoid
Magnet ditarik keluar dari solenoid. C. Decreasing the diameter of the solenoid
B. The solenoid is moved towards the magnet. Kurangkan diameter solenoid
D. Increasing the oscillation speed of the
Solenoid digerakkan ke arah magnet. magnet
C. The magnet is moved into the solenoid Tambah kelajuan ayunan magnet.

Magnet digerakkan masuk ke dalam solenoid
D. The magnet and the solenoid are moved at

the same velocity.
Magnet dan solenoid digerakkan dengan
halaju yang sama

5. The diagram shows a coil of wire placed next to 7. Diagram below shows a square coil rotating at
a magnet. The galvanometer pointer deflects a steady speed in a magnetic field.
when the magnet is pushed into the coil. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu gegelung
Rajah menunjukkan satu gegelung wayar berputar pada kelajuan seragam dalam medan
diletakkan berdekatan magnet. Penunjuk magnet.
galvanometer terpesung apabila magnet ditolak ke
dalam gegelung.

Which action will increase the deflection of the Which graph shows the fluctuation in the
galvanometer pointer? (2004) current flowing through the lamp starting with
Tindakan manakah yang akan menambahkan the coil being in the horizontal position?
pesongan penunjuk galvanometer? Graf manakah yang menunjukkan perubahan arus
A. The magnetic pole is reversed. mengalir melalui lampu bermula bila gegelung
dalam kedudukan mengufuk?
Songsangkan kutub magnet.
B. The number of turns of coils is increased. 8. Diagram below shows an electric generator
whose output terminals are connected to a
Bilangan lilitan gegelung bertambah cathode-ray oscilloscope.
C. The coil is made from insulated wire Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penjana elektrik
di mana terminal otuputnya disambung kepada
Gegelung dibuat daripada wayar bertebat osiloskop sinar katod.
D. The magnet is pushed slowly into the coil.

Magnet ditolak ke dalam gegelung dengan
perlahan

6. A straight conductor is moved perpendicularly
to the magnetic field. Which of the following
diagrams shows the correct direction of the
induced current in the conductor? (2006)
Satu konduktor lurus digerakkan berserenjang
dengan medan magnet. Antara rajah berikut, yang
manakah menunjukkan arah yang betul bagi arus
teraruh dalam konduktor itu?

Which of the following diagrams shows the
trace on the oscilloscope when the coil is
rotating at uniform speed? (2003)
Manakah antara rajah berikut yang menunjukkan
surihan pada oscilloscope sinar katod apabila
gegelung berputar dengan halaju malar?

9. Diagram below shows a direct current Rajah 24 menunjukkan suatu konduktor diletakkan
generator. Part of the coil XY, rotates di antara dua magnet.
clockwise.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penjana arus
terus. Bahagian gegelung XY berputar ikut arah
jam.

Which of the following XY position of the coil Which action produces an induced e.m.f. in the
which does not produce induced current? conductor? (2009)
Manakah antara kedudukan gegelung XY berikut Tindakan yang manakah menghasilkan d.g.e.
yang tidak menghasilkan arus aruhan? teraruh dalam konduktor itu?
(1995) A. Moving the conductor along WV

Gerakkan konduktor sepanjang WV
B. Moving the conductor along PQ

Gerakkan konduktor sepanjang PQ
C. Moving the conductor along XY

Gerakkan konduktor sepanjang XY
D. Moving the conductor and the magnet

together along PQ
Gerakkan konduktor dan magnet bersama-
sama sepanjang PQ
12. Diagram 30 shows a magnet which is released
from a height and enters a coil which is
connected to a galvanometer.
Rajah 30 menunjukkan sebatang magnet yang
dilepaskan dari satu ketinggian dan memasuki
sebuah gegelung yang disambung ke sebuah
galvanometer.

10. Diagram 24 shows an experiment to induce The deflection of the pointer of the
current in a magnetic field.
Rajah 24 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk
menghasilkan arus dalam medan magnet.

galvanometer increases when [2011]

Pesongan jarum galvanometer akan bertambah

apabila

A. The polarity of the magnet increases

Kekutuban magnet bertambah

B. The turns of the coil is set further apart

Lilitan pada gegelung dijarakkan

C. The cross-section area of the wire increases

Luas keratan rentas dawai bertambah

D. The magnet is released from a higher

Which movement of the copper rod induces the position.

maximum current? (2008) Magnet itu dilepaskan dari kedudukan yang

Pergerakan rod kuprum yang manakah lebih tinggi.

mengaruhkan arus maksimum?

Direction / Arah Velocity / Halaju 13. Diagram 28 shows an electric generator.
Rajah 28 menunjukkan satu penjana elektrik.
A Downward / ke Low / Rendah

bawah

B Horizontal / Low / Rendah

Mengufuk

C Downward / ke High / Tinggi

bawah

D Horizontal / High / Tinggi

Mengufuk Which graph shows the correct output between
voltage and time when the coil starts to rotate?
11. Diagram 24 shows a conductor placed between [2012]
two magnets.

Graf manakah yang menunjukkan output yang 16. The graph shows the output current for an
betul antara voltan dengan masa apabila gegelung alternating current generator.
itu mula berputar? Graf menunjukkan arus output bagi suatu penjana
arus ullang alik.

14. Diagram 23 shows the process of producing an Which statement is correct about the output
induced current in a wire. current? [2005]
Rajah 23 menunjukkan proses menghasilkan arus Pernyataan yang manakah betul bagi arus output
aruhan di dalam suatu dawai. itu?
A. The value of the peak current is 4.0 A.

Nilai arus puncak ialah 4.0 A.
B. The period of the current generated is 0.4 s.

Tempoh arus yang dijanakan ialah 0.4 s.
C. The frequency of the current generated is

20 Hz.
Frekuensi arus yang dijana ialah 20 Hz.

This process is explained by [2013]

Proses ini diterangkan oleh
A. Hooke’s law

Hukum Hooke
B. Fleming’s right hand rule

Peraturan tangan kanan Fleming
C. Newton’s third law

Hukum gerakan Newton ketiga

D. Right hand grip rule

Peraturan genggaman tangan kanan

15. Diagram 27 shows a current is induced when a
magnet moves towards a coil.
Rajah 27 menunjukkan arus diaruhkan apabila
magnet bergerak ke arah gegelung.

The magnitude of current increases when the
Magnitud arus bertambah apabila
[2014]
A. relative motion is reduced.

gerakan relatif dikurangkan
B. number of turns of coil is reduced

bilangan lilitan gegelung dikurangkan
C. magnitude of magnetic strength is reduced

magnitud bagi kekuatan magnet dikurangkan
D. the resistance of the coil wire is reduced

rintangan gegelung dawai dikurangkan.