Most common diseases in Malaysia

MOST COMMON
DISEASES IN
MALAYSIA

TYPE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Divided into two type:-

 Infectious
 Non-infectious

➢Infectious Disease EXAMPLE

 H1N1 ➢Non-infectious Disease
 Cholera
 Corona Virus  Cancer
 Zika  Hypertension
 Leptospirosis  Diabetes
 Malaria  Cardiovascular Disease
 Ringworm
 Tinea
 Dengue
 TB

CAUSES

➢Infectious Disease

▪ Cause by infection of pathogen ➢Non-infectious Disease
directly through mediums and
vectors ▪ Cause by genetic factor
or lifestyle
➢How it was spread

▪ Airbone disease
▪ Waterbone disease
▪ Through contact
▪ Through vectors

AIRBONE DISEASE

➢ Droplet transmission ➢ Dust transmission

 Pathogen-containing droplet  Bacteria in the spit (saliva) of
sprays from the mouth or nose an infected person dry up and
of an infected person through form spores which are spread
sneezing, coughing, talking, together with the gust in the air
yawning, or breathing

CAN BE PREVENTED BY THE FOLLOWING BELOW

o Cover the mouth and nose when sneezing, coughing, or
yawning

o Do not spit everywhere
o Avoid being in crowded [lace
o Ensure the living place get enough light as ultraviolet rays

can kill certain microorganisms in the air

WATERBONE DISEASE

 Usually happens in area with inadequate water supply and
poor sanitation. Exp:- floods

 Disease that can be transmitted through water:- Cholera,
typhoid, amoebic dysentery

WAYS TO PREVENT

 Add chlorine into swimming pools and water supply systems
 Build toilet with good sanitation
 Boil drinking water properly
 Wash hands with soap after using the toilet

THROUGH CONTACT

➢ Exp. disease:-
 Ringworm and tinea(Caused by fungi)
 Syphilis and gonorrhea(through sexual intercouse)
 AIDS(sexual intercourse, blood as well as exposure to syringe-sharing

among patients and among drug addicts)

WAYS TO PREVENT

 Wash hands often
 Get vaccinated
 Stay at home if have signs and symptoms of an infection
 Don't share personal items

THROUGH VECTORS Pathogen

Vector Salmonella typhi

 Some pathogen are Cockroach Salmonella typhi
transmitted from one host to
another new host through Fly Dengue virus
animals. Animals that transmit
these pathogens are called Aedes mosquito Zika virus
vectors
Aedes mosquito Plasmodium
malaria
Anopheles Leptospira sp.
mosquito bacteria
Rat

WAYS TO PREVENT

PRIMARY STAGE SECONDARY STAGE TERTIARY STAGE

• Improving health • Determining • Controlling vector
• Strengthening the
transmission of populations
body’s defence
system infections through • Protecting hosts
• Frequent health
check-ups active and passive
• Maintaining a
healthy lifestyle case detection

STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS

 Wash your hands often
 Get vaccinated
 Use antibiotics sensibly
 Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms of an infection
 Be smart about food preparation