ACCA-Syllabus-Changes-2021-22-FINAL

SYLLABUS CHANGES FOR
ACCA QUALIFICATION EXAMS:

2020/21 – 2021/22

Guidance for students

You may previously have prepared for an exam under
the 2020/21 syllabus and are now preparing for that
same exam under the new 2021/22 syllabus, which
applies from September 2021 until June 2022*.

The good news is that there are not too many syllabus
changes overall. The interactive table on the next
page sets out where there are changes and links you
through to more detail about what the changes are,
recommended articles and other resources, including
links to the websites of our Approved Content Providers,
BPP Learning Media and Kaplan Publishing.

For every exam, regardless of syllabus changes, the table
also links you to our ‘Essentials on one page’ resource,
which gives you an overview of the exam as well as tips
for success, guidance on how to tackle the exam and
links to key resources.

ACCESS THE INTERACTIVE TABLE HERE

* E xcept for LW variants, TX and ATX, which can have a different syllabus
year. Refer to the ACCA website for information about your exam.
Also note the syllabus year for the Applied Knowledge exams runs from
September 2021 to August 2022.

Use the table below to understand whether your exam is affected by syllabus changes.
Click on the icons to access further information and guidance.

Strategic Professional ARE THERE ANY SYLLABUS CHANGES? SUPPORTING RESOURCES HERE
EXAM YES Access more info about the SBR-INT syllabus changes HERE
Strategic Business Reporting (SBR-INT) YES Access more info about the SBL syllabus changes HERE
Strategic Business Leader (SBL) NO Access AFM ‘Essentials on one page’ HERE
Advanced Financial Management (AFM) YES Access more info about the APM syllabus changes HERE
Advanced Performance Management (APM) N/A Access ATX-UK ‘Essentials on one page’ HERE
Advanced Taxation (ATX-UK) YES Access more info about the AAA-INT syllabus changes
Advanced Audit and Assurance (AAA-INT)
ARE THERE ANY SYLLABUS CHANGES? SUPPORTING RESOURCES HERE
Applied Skills NO – although one learning outcome has been deleted – see HERE Access LW-ENG ‘Essentials on one page’ HERE
EXAM Access more info about the PM syllabus changes HERE
Corporate and Business Law (LW-ENG) YES Access TX-UK ‘Essentials on one page’ HERE
Performance Management (PM) N/A Access more info about FR learning outcome changes HERE
Taxation (TX-UK) NO – although the wording of some learning outcomes has been changed Access more info about the AA syllabus changes HERE
Financial Reporting (FR) YES Access FM ‘Essentials on one page’
Audit and Assurance (AA) NO
Financial Management (FM)
ARE THERE ANY SYLLABUS CHANGES? SUPPORTING RESOURCES HERE
Applied Knowledge NO Access BT ‘Essentials on one page’ HERE
EXAM YES Access more info about the MA syllabus changes HERE
Business and Technology (BT) Access more info about FA learning outcome changes
Management Accounting (MA) NO – although the wording of some learning outcomes has been changed
Financial Accounting (FA)

Strategic Business Reporting (SBR-INT) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT

C11b Discuss and apply the Removed as very specialist area that requires What does this mean for me?
deletion principles behind the initial more knowledge than IAS 41 to effectively
recognition and subsequent report on. For the September 2021-June 2022 exam year, there have been few changes to the
measurement of a biological syllabus. As detailed in syllabus section F1(c), you will be expected to discuss the
asset or agricultural produce.[2] Note it remains within the FR syllabus and is impact of current reporting issues in corporate reporting. This could be tested by
therefore assumed knowledge for SBR asking you to apply one or several existing standards to an accounting issue. You may
also be asked to provide an explanation of the resulting accounting implications (for
F1c Discussion of solutions to Updating for current issues and clarifying the example, accounting for digital assets or accounting for the effects of a natural disaster
addition current issues in financial scope and include examples such as digital or global event). The following examples are relevant to the current syllabus:
reporting. assets and global events.
1. Presentation and disclosures
F1c Discussion of solutions to Removed 2. Materiality in the context of financial report
deletion current issues in financial 3. Management commentary
reporting. 1. Accounting policy changes and
Examinable documents are updated annually to reflect current developments.
3. D efined benefit plan amendments, curtailment
or settlement as now incorporated in the main Examinable documents for September 2021 to June 2022 can be found here
IFRS standards and added Presentation and
Disclosures to reflect the Exposure Draft (see Recommended resources
Examinable Documents).
n We recommend you make use of all technical articles available for SBR, but we
In addition to these changes, there are a variety of minor wording and other changes which have would draw your attention to the following articles in particular:
been made for clarity. If you would like more detail on these please refer to the table at the end of
the 2021-22 syllabus document. Read the mind of the marker – Part 1
Read the mind of the marker – Part 2
ACCA Approved Content n The key to exam success is question practice. If you’re preparing for an SBR CBE,

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. visit this page for guidance on how to approach question practice, including using
ACCA’s Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining the new ACCA Practice Platform
team to ensure they are of the very highest quality. To find out more, please click n We strongly recommend you complete the Ethics and Professional Skills module
on the logo links below: before attempting SBR

For an overview of the SBR-INT exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the SBR-INT ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach the Strategic How to Tackling
Business Reporting (SBR-INT) exam prepare the exam

SBR has a wide ranging syllabus, which includes many accounting standards, Advice from an Most frequently used SBR exam verbs:
some introduced in Financial Reporting and others examined only in SBR. expert tutor
Current issues, exposure drafts and narrative reporting frameworks also DISCUSS EXPLAIN ADVISE
feature. Questions are set in the context of single entities, groups, private or n Make use of ACCA resources
public sector, for-profit, or not-for-profit organisations. n Real life reading – eg real Read this article for more about exam verbs

To study SBR effectively you need to understand the nature of the exam and company financial statements
what you will be asked to do. n Cover the syllabus widely –

SBR – The Big Picture breadth rather than depth Question approach:
n Practice questions, and take
Stakeholders ✓ Analyse the requirements
time to review your answers.
In SBR, as in the workplace, Ethics Professionalism is If you’re preparing for an SBR ✓ Read the scenario carefully to understand
you need to consider the Judgement more than calculating CBE, visit this page for guidance
point of view of investors Professionalism on how to approach question issues and any stakeholder perspective
and other stakeholders. numbers. It means practice, including using the
This means analysing and REPORTING applying ethics new ACCA Practice Platform ✓ Identify relevant technical knowledge
n Written aspects are very
interpreting information, and judgement to important – don’t just practice n R emember – more than one standard
add value, taking numbers may be relevant, and consider the
explaining how transactions a holistic view and n Get used to planning and principles from the Conceptual Framework.
communicating writing clear answers.
affect the financial ✓ Apply this to the scenario
professionally. Links to support
statements and other resources n Don’t simply regurgitate everything
you can remember. Select relevant points
reports or explaining n Examining team guidance and explain how they apply to the facts in
n Examiner’s reports the scenario
accounting treatments n Technical Articles
n How to earn professional marks n Y ou may need to produce some
and disclosures. n Ethics and Professional Skills module calculations as part of an explanation
n Read the mind of the marker – Part 1 but numbers alone will not earn enough
• financial and non-financial n Read the mind of the marker – Part 2 marks to pass.
• single entities, groups, for-profit, not-for-profit n Tutor video review of the March

Knowledge Detailed New detailed 2020 exam
gained in knowledge knowledge n Strategic Professional CBE support
previous n FAQs
exams • standards Writing a good answer
• current development – how to demonstrate
professionalism:
Conceptual Framework
n Plan your answer
The Conceptual Framework underpins the whole syllabus. The better you know the
Framework, the easier it is to learn the principles of each individual standard. n Use headings and short paragraphs

n Consider the stakeholders – relevant
content and appropriate tone.

Strategic Business Leader (SBL) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT

A3 Professionalism, ethical a) Evaluate organisational decisions using the Tucker 5 question approach.[2] What does this mean for me?
deletion codes and the public interest
For the September 2021-June 2022 exam year, there have been
D1 Identification, assessment g) R ecognise and analyse the sector or industry specific nature of many organisation risks.[2] few changes to the syllabus. A new learning outcome has been
deletion and measurement of risk added on managing, monitoring and mitigating risk, D2g. You
i) Explain and assess the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) principle in risk should have a knowledge of and be able to apply the concept of
assessment and how this relates to severity and probability.[3] assurance mapping to modern risk management using the ‘four
lines of defence’
D2 Managing, monitoring g) A pply the concept of assurance mapping to modern risk management using the ‘four
addition and mitigating risk lines of defence’.[3] In addition to this, a new learning outcome has been added on
machine learning, AI and robotics, E3. You should be able to
E3 Machine learning, a) Explain the potential benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and other explain the benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI), robotics
addition AI and robotics forms of machine learning to support strategic decisions and the pursuit of corporate and other forms of machine learning to support strategic
objectives.[2] decisions and the pursuit of corporate objectives. You should also
be able to assess the risk, control and ethical implications of using
b) A ssess the risk, control and ethical implications of using (AI), robotics and other forms AI, robotics and other forms of machine learning in the context of
of machine learning3 the scenario presented.

F2 Audit and compliance c) Respond credibly to requests and enquiries from internal or external auditors.[3] Other employability and digital skills, syllabus area J, is an
deletion addition to the syllabus and reflects that the exam will be sat by
computer-based exam (CBE), allowing you to demonstrate the
G1 Finance function a) Explain the relationship between an organisation’s financial objectives and its business skills required for the workplace.
deletion strategy.[2]
Recommended resources
J Other employability and 1) Use computer technology to efficiently access and manipulate relevant information.
addition digital skills n We recommend you make use of all technical articles
2) Work on relevant response options, using available functions and technology, as would available for SBL.
be required in the workplace.
n The key to exam success is question practice. Visit this page
3) Navigate windows and computer screens to create and amend responses to exam for guidance on how to approach question practice for SBL,
requirements, using the appropriate tools. including using the new ACCA Practice Platform

4) Present data and information effectively, using the appropriate tools. n We strongly recommend you complete the Ethics and
Professional Skills module before attempting SBL
In addition to these changes, there are a variety of minor wording and other changes which have been made for clarity. If you
would like more detail on these please refer to the table at the end of the 2021-22 syllabus document.

ACCA Approved Content

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam.
ACCA’s Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s
examining team to ensure they are of the very highest quality. To find out
more, please click on the logo links to the right:

For an overview of the SBL exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the SBL ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach the Strategic How to earn Tackling
Business Leader (SBL) exam Professional Skills marks the exam

SBL is a 4 hour integrated case study which examines a breadth of 20% of the total marks will be allocated to Each task will specify an answer format,
organisational functions. It assesses not only technical and ethical Professional Skills: for example:
skills but the professional skills expected of effective leaders and n Read each requirement: n Prepare a briefing paper …
advisers to senior management. • Note the specified answer format (e.g. a memo) n Write a report for the board …
• Identify the professional skill (e.g. scepticism) and n Draft a letter …
The rationale for the syllabus can be summarised as follows: A task may have more than one requirement,
n Leadership and governance recall the sub-skills (e.g. probe, question, challenge) for example “evaluate… and recommend…”
n Strategy requires an understanding of risk management • Read the prompt for how to demonstrate
n Technology and data analytics are transforming businesses Most frequently used
n Organisational control includes internal audit (e.g. ‘by challenging the comments made at SBL exam verbs:
n Financial aspects support decision making the emergency meeting’)
n Innovation, performance excellence and change management n Bear this skill in mind as you:
• Read the requirement again
are essential to organisational success. • Actively read the relevant exhibit (e.g. transcript of
emergency meeting)
SBL – Integrating technical • Think about and plan your answer points EVALUATE DISCUSS RECOMMEND
and professional skills n When you prepare your answer:
• Present it in the specified format Read this article for more
The aim of the syllabus is to combine the main functions • Use suitable headings and subheadings about exam verbs
of organisations in the context of leadership capabilities. • Make only relevant points
• Avoid repetition
Communication Commercial Acumen • Write clearly and concisely
• Keep your tone professional
Analysis A B C Employability and Technology Links to support
Leadership Governance Strategy You should complete the Ethics and Professional Skills resources
Module before attempting any of the Strategic
Evaluation H D Professional examinations. n Examining team guidance
Risk n The importance of effective communication
Innovation, Tips for success n How to earn professional marks
performance E in the SBL exam n Professional Skills marking guide
excellence and Technology n How to approach the SBL exam
change management ✓ Plan to study the syllabus content as quickly as possible n Tutor video review of the March 2020 exam
and data ✓ Start practicing case study questions as soon as possible. n Specimen exams
G F analytics n Past exam questions and answers
If you’re preparing for an SBL CBE, visit this page n Examiner’s reports
Finance in Organisational for guidance on how to approach question practice, n Passing Strategic Professional exams
planning and control and audit including using the new ACCA Practice Platform. n Strategic Professional CBE support
decision-making ✓ Work on your professional skills from the outset n FAQs
✓ Attempt each specimen and past exam in 4 hours
Scepticism and in full.

How to approach the Advanced Tips for success Tackling
Financial Management (AFM) exam in the AFM exam the exam

This is an advanced level exam which builds upon the knowledge ✓ The key to exam success is question practice. Most frequently used AFM exam verbs:
and skills examined in Financial Management. You will be required to If you’re preparing for an AFM CBE, visit
demonstrate your ability to: this page for guidance on how to approach DISCUSS ESTIMATE EVALUATE
question practice, including using the new
n Read and digest quickly, comprehensive and detailed questions ACCA Practice Platform Read this article for more about exam verbs

n A pply relevant knowledge and skills ✓ Break down requirements into all constituent Writing a good answer
parts to ensure every part is answered e.g. – how to demonstrate
n Exercise the professional judgement expected of a senior September 2018 Question 1(c)(iii): professionalism:
financial person
n Evaluate the preferred hedge choice and Question 1 will include 4 professional
n M ake recommendations or financial management decisions that are n [ Evaluate] the debt finance needed and marks, typically for a report:
likely to affect the entire business organisation n [ Evaluate] whether the project should n Use an appropriate format
n Plan a logical structure
Like a senior financial person at work, you will be expected to read a be undertaken n Use suitable headings and subheadings
business brief and decide on a relevant methodical approach to meeting n Considering both financial and non-financial n Write clearly and concisely
the brief’s objectives, making notes where necessary. Senior managers
work under tight deadlines, and hence prioritising and managing your factors (in the above evaluations) Links to support
time is crucial to performing well under examination conditions. resources
✓ Understand what matters to businesses and the
AFM – A Senior Advisory Role viewpoints of stakeholders who are interested n Stepping up from FM to AFM
in the subsequent decisions based on the n Examining team guidance
This strategic option exam is designed for candidates who work in or discussion and evaluation asked for n Examiner’s reports
have ambitions to specialise in financial management. It builds on the n Passing Strategic Professional exams
assumed knowledge and demands advanced skills and techniques. ✓ Use the information provided in the n How to earn professional marks
question scenario n Ethics and Professional Skills module
Role of the n Past exam questions and answers
senior financial adviser ✓ Communicate findings and recommendations n Tutor video review of the March 2020 exam
in the multinational organisation clearly and concisely with easy to follow n Guide to discursive requirements
numerical workings supported, where n Read the mind of the marker
Advanced investment Acquisitions Reconstruction and Treasury and advanced appropriate, by brief notes n Strategic Professional CBE support
appraisal and mergers re-organisation risk management n FAQs
✓ Appreciate that professional skills underpin
Advanced Financial Management (AFM) good performance throughout the exam

Investment Business Business Risk Advice from the
appraisal finance valuations management examining team

Financial Management (FM) n Supplement your studies with wider reading
n Be aware that more than one topic area of the

syllabus may be examined in a question
n Relate any discussion or evaluation to the scenario

in the question – context is very important
n Use your exam time effectively – good time

management skills are essential
n Structure your answers – presentation is critical

Advanced Performance Management (APM) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this mean for me?
A Strategic planning
A1g – this learning outcome has been removed. For the September 2021-June 2022 exam
and control A1g: Assess the changing role of the management accountant in today’s business environment year, there have been minimal changes to
as outlined by Burns and Scapens.[3] the syllabus for APM, though wording of
D Strategic A2 – this section has been removed and the PEST model moved to A1e. The rest of the some learning outcomes has been revised or
performance subject areas under syllabus section A have been renumbered accordingly. expanded – the detail of these changes can
measurement A2: Impact of external factors on performance management be found in the table opposite.
A5 – the overall section heading has changed to Environmental, social and governance factors
A5b – the example of sustainability has been added to this learning outcome.
A5c – input-output analysis has been added to this learning outcome.

D6c – this learning outcome has been expanded on.
D6c: Discuss and evaluate different methods of reward practices, including the potential
beneficial and adverse consequences of linking reward to performance measurement.[3]
D6d – this learning outcome has been removed.
D6d: Assess the potential beneficial and adverse consequences of linking reward schemes to
performance measurement, for example, how it can affect the risk appetite of employees.[3]
D7b – this learning outcome has been expanded on to give the statement context.
D7b: Assess the statement; ‘What gets measured, gets done’ in the context of performance
management.[3]
D7c – specific reference to Hopwood’s management styles has been added.

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. ACCA’s Approved n We recommend you make use of all technical articles available for APM, but
Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining team to ensure they are of
the very highest quality. To find out more, please click on the logo links below: we would draw your attention to the following articles in particular:
Changes to APM question requirements Read the mind of the marker

n The key to exam success is question practice. If you’re preparing for an APM
CBE, visit this page for guidance on how to approach question practice,
including using the new ACCA Practice Platform

n We strongly recommend you complete the Ethics and Professional Skills
module before attempting APM

For an overview of the APM exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the APM ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach the Advanced Advice from the Tackling
Performance Management (APM) exam examining team the exam

The APM syllabus has five capabilities which can be summarised as follows: n Remember that APM builds on PM Most frequently used APM exam verbs:
knowledge by applying it in more
n U se strategic planning and control models complex scenarios ASSESS EVALUATE ADVISE
n Assess the impact of risk and uncertainty
n Identify and evaluate design features of performance management systems n Create information from the detailed Read this article for more about exam verbs
n Apply appropriate strategic performance measurement techniques data provided in the scenario
n Advise clients on strategic business performance evaluation
n Add value to the organisation with
Most of these will feature to some extent in every exam session. comments relevant to the issues at hand

APM – A Strategic View Tips for success Writing a good answer
in the APM exam – how to earn
The exam requires you to build on a good grasp of basic knowledge professional marks:
and skills and show awareness that performance management depends ✓ The key to exam success is question
on an organisation’s specific situation and environment. practice. If you’re preparing for an APM Question 1 will include 4 professional
CBE, visit this page for guidance on how marks, typically for a report:
Fulfil advisory role – add value to approach question practice, including n Use an appropriate format
using the new ACCA Practice Platform n Plan a logical structure
Create information from detailed data n Use suitable headings and subheadings
✓ Understand the links between issues n Write clearly and concisely
Build on knowledgeNEW KNOWLEDGE NEW SKILLS Build on skills
at the strategic, tactical and operational Links to support
SWOT Porter BCG Assess/Evaluate levels resources
PEST McKinsey’s 7Ss Recommend
BPR “the cloud” Respond ✓ Understand in particular how the choice n Examining team guidance
Lean systems Justify n Examiner’s reports
EVATM Kaizen Advise of operational performance measures n Reading the requirements for APM
Six Sigma affects strategic performance n Technical articles
n Improving your APM answers (part 1)
Performance ✓ Be able to apply PM knowledge to n Improving your APM answers (part 2)
Management n Passing Strategic Professional exams
Management more complex scenarios n How to earn professional marks
Accounting n Ethics and Professional Skills module
✓ Use any exhibit, information, model n Past exam questions and answers
n Big data and performance management
or technique explicitly referred to in n Developments in IT and the impact on
a requirement
performance management – Part 1
✓ Interpret and further analyse data n Developments in IT and the impact on

provided performance management – Part 2
n Read the mind of the marker
✓ Be selective in making calculations n Strategic Professional CBE support
✓ Assess alternative approaches from n FAQs

different perspectives

✓ Justify advice using the evidence

given in the scenario

✓ Quantify comments, where possible
✓ Discuss commercial implications

How to approach the Advanced Preparation Tackling the exam
Taxation (ATX-UK) exam advice from the
examining team Most frequently used ATX exam verbs:
You will need a detailed knowledge of the ATX-UK syllabus.
This includes assumed knowledge of technical areas brought n ‘Know your stuff’ – you must PREPARE CALCULATE EXPLAIN
forward from the TX-UK syllabus, which must be refreshed and • Have thorough, precise knowledge
updated for the examinable Finance Act. Read this article for more about exam verbs
Be aware that: of the entire syllabus
n All questions will be scenario-based • Refresh brought forward knowledge These are not mutually exclusive, for example:
n A ll questions will contain a mixture of computational and “Prepare the following notes and calculations…”
from the TX-UK syllabus “Calculate … with supporting explanations …” and
discursive elements “Explain … with supporting calculations …”
n M ore than one topic area of the syllabus may be examined n Practice questions under exam conditions
in the ACCA Practice Platform Writing a good answer
in each question – how to demonstrate
n Questions may involve n Learn how to spot “triggers” which are there professionalism:
• Consideration of more than one tax to point you towards the required answer
• Some elements of planning Question 1 will include 4 professional marks,
• The interaction of taxes n Be prepared to answer questions on typically for a memo or notes to your tax
ethical issues manager. Marks may be awarded for:
ATX – ‘Think more – write less’
n Be ruthless in critiquing your answers n Overall presentation of the requested format
Heed this mantra from the examining team to improve n The approach taken to problem solving
your performance. Tips for success n Clarity of explanations and calculations
in the ATX exam n Relevant advice
Requirements are everything – n Effectiveness of communication
What have you been asked to do? ✓ Identify all the requirements in the Section A
What do you not need to do? case study questions in: Links to support
resources
How will you do what the requirement is n The requirements section
asking? Planning your answers is crucial. n The document referenced in the scenario n Technical articles including relevant Finance Act
n Examining team guidance
Have you identified the relevant issues? (eg e-mail from your manager) n Passing Strategic Professional exams
n How to earn professional marks
Have you thought about the point you ✓ Allow sufficient time to analyse requirements n Ethics and Professional Skills module
want to make, before you start writing? into all constituent parts to ensure every part n Past exam questions and answers
This will help you to write concisely. is answered n ACCA Practice Platform
n CBE preparation videos
Make sure you know why you’re doing a ✓ If given certain figures to use, do not waste
particular calculation before you prepare it. time recalculating them
Will it help you to answer the requirement?
✓ Relate any calculation or discussion to the
context in the given scenario

✓ Do not waste time addressing issues which
have not been asked for

✓ Appreciate that professional skills are
required throughout all answers to achieve
high marks

✓ Ensure you are familiar with the CBE
environment (refer to Links to support
resources in this document)

Advanced Audit and Assurance (AAA-INT) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this mean for me?

D1d) Interpret the results of analytical procedures, New learning outcome to specifically For the September 2021-June 2022 exam year, there have been some additions to the syllabus.
in an unbiased manner and apply professional reflect the requirements of ISA 315
scepticism to support the identification of (Revised 2019) in relation to the use Learning outcome D1 in relation to the evaluation of risk requires you to evaluate and prioritise
contradictory information and assessment of of analytical procedures in risk risks. This reflects the requirements of ISA 315 (revised) around the determination of significant
risks of material misstatement.[3] assessment. risks in relation to a spectrum of inherent risk. Questions may ask for the significant business risk/
ROMM and audit risks to ensure that you are focussing and prioritising risks which are at the upper
D2c) Evaluate and interpret the results of data New learning outcome regarding the end of the spectrum.
use of automated tools and techniques
analytics tools when used during planning or by the auditor, specifically the use of The learning outcomes in relation to automated tools and techniques, particularly data analytics
evidence collection.[2] and output from data analytics. have been extended this year. The introduction of learning outcome D2 requires the ability to
evaluate and interpret the results generated from these techniques both at the planning and
G2c) Discuss the proposed changes to the audit New learning outcome regarding evidence collection stage of the audit. You may be presented with results of these techniques in
profession and critically evaluate the the impact of ongoing audit reform a variety of formats and asked to consider the results specifically or to utilise the results as part of
implications of these changes for companies proposals. planning work.
and audit firms and their impact on audit
process and quality.[3] Additional learning outcomes have been added to the current issues section of the syllabus in
relation to audit reform and the impact of global events on audit practice. You will be expected to
G2e) Discuss the impact of significant global New learning outcome regarding have a high-level awareness of the issues and proposals surrounding audit reform and how major
events on audit practice.[3] the impact of global events on the world events have an impact on the profession.
audit profession.

In addition to these changes, other learning outcomes have been extended or revised to reflect the Recommended resources
requirements of ISA 315, in addition to other minor wording changes made for clarity. If you would like
more detail on these please refer to the table at the end of the 2021-22 syllabus document.

ACCA Approved Content n We recommend you make use of all technical articles available for AAA, but we

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. would draw your attention to the following articles in particular:
ACCA’s Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining
team to ensure they are of the very highest quality. To find out more, please click Exam technique – Ethics Read the mind of the marker
on the logo links below:
Exam technique – Risk AAA INT 21-22 examinable documents

Exam technique – Accounting issues

Exam technique – Audit procedures

Exam technique – Auditor reporting

n The key to exam success is question practice. If you’re preparing for an AAA CBE,
visit this page for guidance on how to approach question practice, including using
the new ACCA Practice Platform

n We strongly recommend you complete the Ethics and Professional Skills module
before attempting AAA

For an overview of the AAA-INT exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the AAA-INT ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach the Advanced How to Tackling
Audit and Assurance (AAA-INT) exam prepare the exam

AAA has a wide ranging syllabus, which includes the audit of historical Advice from an Most frequently used AAA exam verbs:
financial information (‘audit’) and other specific assignments. It builds expert tutor
on the Audit and Assurance and Strategic Business Reporting (SBR) EVALUATE EXPLAIN DISCUSS
exams, by introducing more complex topics and covering the basic topics n Make use of ACCA resources
from different angles to reflect the challenges auditors will face in their n Cover the entire syllabus Read this article for more about exam verbs
professional life. Current issues, exposure drafts and developments in audit n Learn how to apply and
including emerging technologies also feature. Questions are set in the
context of single entities, groups and private or public sector organisations. use knowledge
n Practice planning questions,
To prepare for AAA effectively you need to understand the nature of the
exam and what you will be asked to do. writing full answers and review
them thoroughly. If you’re
AAA – The aim of the syllabus is to analyse, evaluate preparing for an AAA CBE, Question approach:
In Essence and conclude on the assurance engagement and visit this page for guidance
other audit and assurance issues in the context on how to approach question ✓ Analyse the wording of the requirements
of best practice and current developments. practice, including using the
new ACCA Practice Platform carefully
Audit and Assumed knowledge n Wider reading, for example
Assurance – of financial reporting news of current issues and ✓ Use the mark allocation to guide the length
Underpinning developments in auditing
knowledge and breadth of the answer you should plan
and skills Links to support
resources ✓ Read the first paragraph to understand the
Engagement
n Examining team guidance assignment
Audit of Planning Financial n Technical articles
historical Performance Accounting n Passing Strategic Professional exams ✓ Invest time in active reading of the scenario
financial n How to earn professional marks
statements n Ethics and Professional Skills module ✓ Identify relevant technical knowledge
n Tutor video review of March 2020 exam
n Past exam questions and answers n Accounting as well as auditing
n Examiner’s reports
n Strategic Professional CBE support ✓ Apply this to the scenario
n FAQs
n Read the mind of the marker n Organise your planned points
n Check you have used all information and

exhibits before writing out your answer

Completion Writing a good answer
& Reporting – how to demonstrate
professionalism:
NEW
detailed n Pay attention to layout and presentation
knowledge
n Write clearly and concisely
Topical issues n Relevant content – must ‘add value’ –
affecting the
profession not simply restate facts or knowledge.

How to approach Corporate and Business Law (LW-ENG)

What is LW about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Corporate and Business Law develops a core level of
knowledge and skills around a general legal framework in ✓ If possible, study with an Approved Section A (70 marks)
the context of business. Learning Partner and use Approved n 25 objective test (OT) questions,
Learning Content
LW: An overview each worth 2 marks
✓ Study the whole syllabus n 20 objective test (OT) questions,
LW recognises that candidates are potential accountants, rather than potential lawyers. The aim
is to develop knowledge and skills in the understanding of the general legal framework, specific ✓ Practice exam standard questions, each worth 1 mark
business areas and when to seek specialist legal advice where necessary. to time, including the Specimen
Exam and Practice Tests Tips for answering
Essential elements of the UK legal system OT questions
including the court system and sources of law ✓ Ensure you are competent ✓ Read the question carefully
working in the Computer Based ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
The Law of Law relating to Formation and constitutions of business Exam environment ✓ If not sure, eliminate other answers
obligations Employment organisations (Agency, partnerships,
(contract ✓ Attempt at least two full exams to help find the correct answer
(contract dismissal and corporations and formation of companies) under exam conditions, debrief ✓ Answer all questions even if unsure
and Tort) redundancy) your answers, then focus your study
on weaker areas of the answer
Capital Management, Legal
and the administration implications ✓ Book your CBE exam in advance at Section B (30 marks)
financing of and regulation one of the on-demand CBE centres n Five six-mark multi-task questions,
companies of companies relating to
Insolvency Law Key each containing a scenario and a series
resources of related tasks
Develop an understanding of Corporate fraudulent and criminal behaviour
(money laundering, bribery, market abuse, management fraud) Links to key resources: Tips for answering
n Examining team guidance multi-task questions
n Specimen exam ✓ Read and ensure you
n Practice tests
n Technical articles understand the scenario
n Preparing for on-demand CBEs ✓ Read the questions carefully
n How to book an on-demand exam ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
n On demand centre list ✓ Answer all questions even if unsure

of the answer
✓ Attempt exam standard questions

as possible along with the practice
tests and specimen exam

Performance Management (PM) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this mean for me?

A3 Information systems and A3d is a new learning outcome. For the September 2021-June 2022 exam year, a new learning outcome has been
data analytics A3d: Explain the purpose of the big data pyramid added on Big Data, A3d. You should have a knowledge of and be able to explain
(data, information, knowledge, wisdom). [2] the purpose of the Big Data pyramid (including data, information, knowledge,
and wisdom).
Subsequent learning outcomes have been
reordered accordingly. In addition to this, a new learning outcome has been added on Quantitative
techniques, D2b. You will be expected to be able to explain and apply analysis
D2 Quantitative techniques D2b is a new learning outcome focused on techniques including correlation (calculation of the correlation coefficient and the
analytical techniques. coefficient of determination), regression (calculation of a and b and establishing
D2b: Explain and apply analysis techniques the trend line y = a + bx), and time series (moving averages, trend line, additive
including correlation, regression and time series.[2] and multiplicative seasonal adjustments). This will build on knowledge from MA.
It is therefore expected you will be able to demonstrate a greater understanding
Subsequent learning outcomes have been of these techniques and be able to apply them to a scenario.
reordered accordingly.

In addition to these changes, there are a variety of minor wording and other changes which
have been made for clarity. If you would like more detail on these please refer to the table at
the end of the 2021-22 syllabus document.

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. n We recommend you make use of all technical articles available for PM, but we
ACCA’s Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining would draw your attention to the following articles in particular:
team to ensure they are of the very highest quality. To find out more, please click
on the logo links below: Big data 1: What is big data?
Big data 2: How companies use big data
Read the mind of the marker

n The key to exam success is question practice. Visit this page for guidance on
how to approach question practice for PM, including using the new ACCA
Practice Platform

For an overview of the PM exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the PM ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach Performance Management (PM)

What is PM about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Performance Management provides you with the skills required
to apply management accounting techniques to information for ✓ If possible, study with an Section A (30 marks)
planning, decision-making, performance evaluation and control. Approved Learning Partner n 15 objective test (OT) questions,
and use Approved Content
PM: An overview each worth 2 marks
✓ Study the whole syllabus
INFORMATION, Cost and PERFORMANCE Section B (30 marks)
TECHNOLOGIES management MEASUREMENT ✓ Ensure you understand methods n Three OT cases with five OT questions
AND SYSTEMS AND CONTROL rather than just focus on how to
accounting do the calculations worth 2 marks each, 10 marks per case
techniques
✓ Practice exam style and standard Tips for answering
Decision- questions, to time, using the OT questions
making ACCA Practice Platform
techniques ✓ Read the question and
✓ Develop your skills in answering scenario carefully
Budgeting constructed response questions
techniques, ✓ Adhere to the rounding instructions
planning and ✓ Attempt at least two full exams for “Fill in the Blank” questions
under exam conditions, debrief
control your answers, then focus your ✓ Answer all questions
revision on weaker areas
Section C (40 marks)
Key n Two scenarios which relate to one
resources
or more requirement(s)
n Examiner approach
n Objective test questions for Tips for answering
Section C questions
session CBEs
n Guide to session CBEs ✓ Be strict in allocating 36 minutes to
n Approaching PM constructed each question

response questions ✓ Always read the requirement(s) first
n Read the mind of a PM marker ✓ Approach numerical questions
n Examining team guidance
n ACCA Practice Platform logically
n Information systems ✓ Show all workings – do not simply
n Big data
“plug” results of calculations
✓ S tructure narrative answers around

an answer plan
✓ U se headings, clear paragraphs and

concise sentences
✓ A ttempt all requirements

How to approach Taxation (TX-UK) FA2020

What is TX about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Taxation provides you with the skills required to compute
tax liabilities and apply basic tax planning techniques for ✓ If possible, study with an Section A (30 marks)
individuals and companies. Approved Learning Partner n 15 objective test (OT) questions,
and use Approved Content
TX: An overview each worth 2 marks
✓ Study the whole syllabus
The UK tax system, the obligations of tax payers Section B (30 marks)
and the implications of non-compliance ✓ Practice exam style and standard n Three OT cases with five OT questions
questions, to time, using the
Individuals Value added tax Companies ACCA Practice Platform worth 2 marks each, 10 marks per case

Income tax Corporation ✓ Develop your skills in answering Tips for answering
liabilities tax liabilities: constructed response questions OT questions
• i ndividual
NIC on: ✓ Practice using CBE functionality ✓ Read the question and
• employees companies appropriately scenario carefully
• employers • g roups of
• self-employed ✓ Attempt at least two full exams ✓ Adhere to the rounding instructions
companies under exam conditions, debrief for “Fill in the Blank” questions
Chargeable your answers, then focus your
gains arising revision on weaker areas ✓ Answer all questions

Inheritance tax Key Section C (40 marks)
liabilities resources n Three scenarios which typically relate

n Finance Act 2020 to three requirements
n Examiner’s approach
n Objective test questions for Tips for answering
Section C questions
session CBEs ✓ A llocate 27 minutes to each
n Guide to session CBEs
n Higher skills 15 mark question (18 minutes
n Examining team guidance to the 10-mark question)
n ACCA Practice Platform ✓ A lways read the requirement(s) first
✓ Focus on a well-structured layout
✓ P resent all workings – do not simply
“plug” results of calculations
✓ Make clear statements for narrative
answers and avoid repetition
✓ A ttempt all requirements

Financial Reporting (FR) – further information about changes to learning outcomes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT
For clarification
Throughout Replaced ‘accounting standards’ with What does this mean for me?
‘IFRS Standards’
For the September 2021-June 2022 exam year, there have
B1 (b) Changed to ‘Identify subsequent Replaced ‘capital and revenue items’ been no changes to the syllabus for FR, though wording of
expenditure that may be capitalised, with ‘asset and expense’ to reflect IFRS some learning outcomes has been revised – the detail of
distinguishing between asset and Standards and remove any ambiguity these changes can be found in the table opposite.
expense items’ with the use of the word ‘capital’.

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. ACCA’s n We recommend you make use of all technical articles
Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining team to ensure available for FR. In addition, we draw your attention to
they are of the very highest quality. To find out more, please click on the logo links below: the examinable documents 21/22.

n The key to exam success is question practice. Visit this
page for guidance on how to approach question practice
for FR, including using the ACCA Practice Platform.

For an overview of the FR exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the FR ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach Financial Reporting (FR)

What is FR about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Financial Reporting provides you with the skills required to
apply accounting standards and the conceptual framework ✓ If possible, study with an Section A (30 marks)
in the preparation of financial statements and how to analyse Approved Learning Partner n 15 objective test (OT) questions,
and interpret those financial statements. and use Approved Content
each worth 2 marks
FR: An overview ✓ Study the whole syllabus
✓ Ensure you understand theories Section B (30 marks)
THE CONCEPTUAL Accounting for ANALYSIS AND n Three OT cases with five OT questions
AND REGULATORY transactions INTERPRETATION and techniques rather than just
in financial focus on how to do the calculations worth 2 marks each, 10 marks per case
FRAMEWORK statements OF FINANCIAL ✓ Practice exam style and standard
STATEMENTS questions, to time, using the Tips for answering
FOR FINANCIAL Preparing ACCA Practice Platform OT questions
REPORTING single entity ✓ Develop your skills in answering
constructed response questions ✓ Read the question carefully
financial ✓ Attempt at least two full exams ✓ Adhere to the rounding instructions
statements under exam conditions, debrief
your answers, then focus your for “Fill in the Blank” questions
Preparing revision on weaker areas ✓ Answer all questions
consolidated
Key Section C (40 marks)
financial resources n Two scenarios which relate to one
statements
n Examiner approach or more requirement(s)
n Objective test questions for session
Tips for answering
CBEs Section C questions
n Guide to session CBEs
n How to approach performance ✓ B e strict in allocating 36 minutes to
each question
appraisal questions
n Read the mind of an FR marker ✓ A lways read the requirement(s) first
n Examining team guidance ✓ P resent all workings – do not simply
n ACCA Practice Platform
n Analysing a statement of cash flows “plug” results of calculations
n Tell me a story ✓ S tructure narrative answers around
n Revenue revisited
n Financial instruments an answer plan
n Examinable documents 21/22 ✓ Use headings, make clear

statements and avoid repetition
✓ A lways include a conclusion on the

analysis discussion
✓ A ttempt all requirements

Audit and Assurance (AA) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this
mean for me?
B4 Planning and risk assessment B4 and Understanding the entity, its environment and the applicable financial reporting framework
For the September 2021-June
B4a) Wording revised to reflect ISA 315 a) E xplain how auditors obtain an initial understanding of the entity, its environment and the applicable financial 2022 exam year, there are
no significant changes to the
(Revised 2019) reporting framework.[2] syllabus. Please note that several
learning outcomes have been
C1 Internal control C1a) and C1b) Internal control systems updated to reflect ISA 315
Updated to reflect ISA 315 a) E xplain why an auditor needs to obtain an understanding of the components of internal control relevant to the (revised 2019). These are detailed
in the table to the left. Due to the
(Revised 2019) preparation of the financial statements.[1] change in terminology in ISA 315,
questions relating to key controls
b) Describe and explain the five components of a system of internal control[2] will refer to direct controls.

i) control environment iv) the information system and communication In addition, the wording of
learning outcomes on assertions
ii) the entity’s risk assessment process v) control activities and audit evidence, D1 and the
independent auditor’s report, E5c
iii) the entity’s process to monitor the system of internal control and E5d have been updated.

C2 Internal control C2 and C2a) The use and evaluation of systems of internal control by auditors
Wording revised to reflect ISA 315 a) E xplain how auditors record systems of internal control including the use of narrative notes, flowcharts and

(Revised 2019) questionnaires.[2]

C3 Internal control C3a) and C3b) Tests of controls
Updated to reflect revised terminology a) D escribe computer systems controls including general IT controls and information processing controls.[2]

used by ISA 315 (Revised 2019) b) D escribe control objectives, control procedures, control activities, direct controls, indirect controls and tests

Internal control C3bv) Revised for of controls in relation to:[2]

clarification to include bank i) The sales system iii) The payroll system v) The bank and cash system

ii) The purchases system iv) The inventory system vi) Non-current assets

C4 Internal control C4b) Minor rewording b) E xplain, in a format suitable for inclusion in a report to management, significant deficiencies within a system
to reflect ISA 315 (Revised 2019) of internal control and provide control recommendations for overcoming these deficiencies to management.[2]

Multiple learning outcomes have been updated/ revised to reflect the requirements of ISA 315, in addition to other minor wording changes made for clarity.
If you would like more detail on these please refer to the table at the end of the 2021-22 syllabus document.

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. ACCA’s Approved n We recommend you make use of all technical articles available for AA, but we
Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining team to ensure they are of
the very highest quality. To find out more, please click on the logo links below: would draw your attention to the following articles in particular:
Going concern The auditor’s report

The audit of assertions Examinable documents 21/22

Read the mind of the marker ACCA Code of Ethics (p259 onwards in Rulebook)

n The key to exam success is question practice. Visit this page for guidance on how to
approach question practice for AA, including using the new ACCA Practice Platform

For an overview of the AA exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the AA ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach Audit and Assurance (AA)

What is AA about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Audit and Assurance provides you with an understanding of
the knowledge and application skills required to carry out an ✓ If possible, study with an Approved Section A (30 marks)
audit engagement. Learning Partner and use Approved n Three OT cases with five OT questions
Content
AA: An overview worth 2 marks each, 10 marks per case
✓ Study the whole syllabus and ensure your
Accept audit engagement knowledge of ISAs and relevant financial Tips for answering
Understand the entity and its environment accounting is at an appropriate level OT questions
Assess the risk of material misstatement
✓ Practice exam style and standard ✓ Read each question carefully
YES Effective NO questions, to time, using the ACCA ✓ Think before answering
controls Communicate Practice Platform ✓ I f unsure, eliminate incorrect answers
Tests of controls expected? ✓ Answer all questions
Satisfactory Unsatisfactory deficiencies ✓ Develop your ability to construct
Full substantive effective written response answers Section B (70 marks)
Reduced substantive n Three scenarios with two or more
procedures procedures ✓ Carefully review how correct answers to
OT questions were derived requirements
Final review Report to
Auditor’s report management ✓ Develop your skills in providing effective Tips for answering
narrative answers Section B questions

✓ Attempt at least two full exams under ✓ Read each requirement carefully
exam conditions, debrief your answers, to understand what is asked for
then focus your revision on weaker areas
✓ Draw on the scenario to plan the
Key points you need to make
resources
✓ Use concise headings
n Examiner approach ✓ Make clear and concise points
n Objective test questions for session CBEs
n Guide to session CBEs specific to the given scenario
n Answering audit risk questions ✓ Describe “how” procedures should
n Read the mind of the AA marker
n Examining team guidance be performed
n ACCA Practice Platform ✓ Do not give rote-learnt answer points
n Going concern ✓ Attempt all requirements
n The auditor’s report
n The audit of assertions
n Examinable documents 21/22

How to approach Financial Management (FM)

What is FM about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Financial Management provides you with the skills required
to effectively manage the finance function of an organisation. ✓ If possible, study with an Section A (30 marks)
Approved Learning Partner n 15 objective test (OT) questions,
FM: An overview and with Approved Content
each worth 2 marks
CORPORATE OBJECTIVES AND STAKEHOLDER OBJECTIVES ✓ Study the whole syllabus
✓ Practice exam style and standard Section B (30 marks)
Financial Approaches n Three OT cases, each containing
objectives to risk questions, to time, using the
ACCA Practice Platform a scenario with five OT questions worth
management ✓ Develop your ability to construct 2 marks each, 10 marks per case
effective written response answers
K Working Foreign R ✓ Ensure you are competent Tips for answering
E capital exchange I working in the Computer Based OT questions
Y management S Exam environment ✓ Read the question carefully
risk K ✓ Attempt at least two full exams ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
D Effective M under exam conditions, debrief ✓ A nswer all questions even if unsure
E finance Foreign A your answers, then focus your
C Business manager exchange N study on weaker areas of the answer
I finance hedging A
G Key Section C (40 marks)
S Interest E resources n Two scenarios which relate to one
I rate M
O E n Examiner approach or more requirement(s)
N Investment hedging N n Objective test questions for
S appraisal T Tips for answering
session CBEs Section C questions
Business Interest n Guide to session CBEs ✓ Plan your answer
valuations rate risk n How to approach discursive ✓ A nswer the requirement directly
✓ Refer to the scenario
THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT FOR BUSINESS questions in FM ✓ Break your answer up with headings
n Examining team guidance ✓ Be clear and concise, but ensure you
n ACCA Practice Platform
n Working capital management develop each point in your answer
n Dividend theory ✓ Attempt all parts of all questions
n Inflation and investment appraisal
n Read the mind of the FM marker

How to approach Business and Technology (BT)

What is BT about? Steps to Tackling the exam
success
Business and Technology (BT) is concerned with ensuring Section A (76 marks)
that businesses operate efficiently, effectively and ethically. ✓ If possible, study with an Approved n 46 objective test (OT) questions, each worth
Learning Partner and use Approved
BT: An overview Learning Content 1 or 2 marks
n There will be 16 one-mark and 30 two-mark
Business and Technology is a gateway paper which covers many topics but on a ✓ Study the whole syllabus
relatively shallow level. It is important not to drill down too deeply in any given questions.
topic, so you can spread your time on individual topics evenly. ✓ Practice exam standard questions,
to time, including the Specimen Tips for answering
The purpose and type of business organisation, Exam and Practice Tests OT questions
who are the stakeholders and how does the business ✓ Read the question carefully
✓ Ensure you are competent working ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
interact with the external environment in the Computer Based Exam ✓ If not sure, eliminate other answers to
environment
Understand the business Leading help find the correct answer
organisational structure, the functions and ✓ Attempt at least two full exams ✓ Answer all questions even if unsure of
and the role of corporate governance under exam conditions, debrief
managing your answers, then focus your study the answer
Recognise the functions of accounting individuals on weaker areas
and reporting systems and technology. and teams Section B (24 marks)
Understand compliance, controls and security ✓ Book your CBE exam in advance at n There will be six multi-task questions (MTQ) in
one of the on-demand CBE centres
Understand personal effectiveness part B of the paper, each worth four marks. There
and communication within the teams Key are six syllabus areas and there will be one MTQ
resources on each of them. Each MTQ will be specific to a
and across the organisation syllabus area, with no crossover between the six
Links to key resources: generic parts of the syllabus.
What are the expected values and professional n Examining team guidance
ethics in accounting and business? n Specimen exam Tips for answering
n Practice tests multi-task questions
n Technical articles ✓ Read and ensure you
n Preparing for on-demand CBEs
n How to book an on-demand exam understand the scenario
n On demand centre list ✓ Read the questions carefully
✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
✓ Answer all questions even if unsure of

the answer

Management Accounting (MA) – guidance on syllabus changes

What’s changing?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this mean for me?
A2 Sources of data
A2a – new learning outcome. For the September 2021-August 2022 exam year, a
A2a: Describe the three main data sources: machine/sensor, transactional and human/social.[K] new learning outcome has been added on sources of
Previous learning outcomes A2a – A2c renumbered as A2b – A2d data, A2a. You may be required to describe the three
main data sources; machine/sensor, transactional and
B3 Summarising and B3a – new learning outcome. human/social.
analysing data B3a: Describe the five characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity, value and veracity).[K]
In addition to this, new learning outcomes have been
B3b – new learning outcome. added in summarising and analysing data, B3. You
B3b: Explain the three types of big data: structured, semi-structured and unstructured.[K] may be required to describe the five characteristics of
big data (volume, variety, velocity, value and veracity).
B3d – new learning outcome. You should also be able to explain the types of big
B3d: Describe the two types of data: categorical (nominal and ordinal) and numerical data (structured, semi-structured and unstructured),
(continuous and discrete).[S] as well as explain the terms descriptive analysis
and inferential analysis. Lastly, you may be asked to
B3e – new learning outcome. describe the two types of data; categorical (nominal
B3e: Explain the terms descriptive analysis and inferential analysis.[K] and ordinal) and numerical (continuous and discrete).

Previous learning outcomes B3b – B3e – renumbered as B3f – B3j

In addition to these changes, there are a variety of minor wording and other changes which have been made for clarity. If you would
like more detail on these please refer to the table at the end of the 2021-22 syllabus document.

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. ACCA’s Approved Content n We recommend you make use of all technical
materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining team to ensure they are of the very highest quality. articles available for MA.
To find out more, please click on the logo links below:
n The key to exam success is question practice.
Visit this page for guidance on how to approach
question practice for MA, including using the
specimen exams to prepare for your exam.

For an overview of the MA exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the MA ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach Management Accounting (MA)

What is MA about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Management Accounting introduces the elements of
management accounting which are used to support ✓ If possible, study with an Approved Section A (70 marks)
decision-making in an organisation. Learning Partner and with n 35 objective test (OT) questions,
Approved Learning Content
MA: An overview each worth 2 marks
✓ Study the whole syllabus
Management accounting (MA) aims to develop knowledge and understanding of management Tips for answering
accounting techniques to support management in planning, controlling and monitoring business ✓ Practice exam standard questions, OT questions
performance. This knowledge is then the platform to develop further in the skills and professional to time, including the Specimen ✓ Read the question carefully
exams, PM, APM and SBL. Exam and Practice Tests ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
✓ Ensure you do your workings even
Explain the nature, source and purpose of management information ✓ Ensure you are competent working
in the Computer Based Exam though you do not need to show them
Data analysis and statistical techniques environment ✓ If not sure, eliminate other answers

Prepare budgets for Explain ✓ Attempt at least two full exams to help find the correct answer
planning and control and apply under exam conditions, debrief ✓ Answer all questions even if unsure
your answers, then focus your study
Actual costs v Standard costs cost on weaker areas of the answer
accounting
Performance measurements and techniques ✓ Book your CBE exam in advance at Section B (30 marks)
monitor business performance one of the on demand CBE centres n There will be 3 MTQ’s in this section

Key each worth 10 marks. Each MTQ will
resources examine budgeting, standard costing and
performance management syllabus areas.
Links to key resources:
n Examining team guidance Tips for answering
n Specimen exam multi-task questions
n Practice tests ✓ Read and ensure you
n Technical articles
n Preparing for on-demand CBEs understand the scenario
n How to book an on demand exam ✓ Read the questions carefully
n On demand centre list ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
✓ Ensure you do your workings even

though you do not need to show them
✓ Answer all questions even if unsure

of the answer

Financial Accounting (FA) – further information about changes to learning outcomes

What’s changing? SYLLABUS CONTENT What does this mean for me?

SECTION AND SUBJECT AREA Wording updated in c), d) to replace ‘capital For the September 2021-August 2022 exam year, there
D4 Tangible non-current assets and expenses’ with ‘asset’ or ‘asset have been no changes to the syllabus for FA, though
expenditure’ and expenses’ wording of some learning outcomes has been revised – the
detail of these changes can be found in the table opposite.
F1 Statements of financial position Clarified ‘reserves’ by inserting ‘equity’ to b)

and c) to make terminology more consistent

with IFRS

ACCA Approved Content Recommended resources

It’s vital to use up to date study materials when preparing for your exam. ACCA’s n We recommend to make use of all technical articles
Approved Content materials have been assessed by ACCA’s examining team to ensure available for FA. In addition, we draw your attention to
they are of the very highest quality. To find out more, please click on the logo links below: the examinable documents 21/22.

n The key to exam success is question practice. Visit this
page for guidance on how to approach question practice
for FA, including using the specimen exams to prepare
for your exam.

For an overview of the FA exam and guidance on how to tackle it, access the FA ‘Essentials on one page’ resource here

How to approach Financial Accounting (FA)

What is FA about? Steps to Tackling
success the exam
Financial Accounting introduces the fundamentals of preparing
financial accounts, the regulatory framework around financial ✓ If possible, study with an Approved Section A (70 marks)
statements and the qualitive characteristics of useful financial Learning Partner and with n 35 objective test (OT) questions,
information. It covers the recording of transactions through to Approved Learning Content
the preparation of the financial statements. each worth 2 marks
✓ Study the whole syllabus
FA: An overview Tips for answering
✓ Practice exam standard questions, OT questions
Financial Accounting (FA) aims to develop knowledge and understanding of the basic principles to time, including the Specimen ✓ Read the question carefully
and concepts of financial accounting. It also provides the technical skills for using double-entry Exam and Practice Tests ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
accounting techniques. This knowledge is the platform to then develop further in more complex ✓ Ensure you do your workings even
accounting issues covered in the skills and strategic papers, FR and SBR. ✓ Ensure you are competent working
in the Computer Based Exam though you do not need to show them
The context The qualitive Recording environment ✓ If not sure, eliminate other answers
and purpose characteristics transactions
of Financial and events ✓ Attempt at least two full exams to help find the correct answer
of financial under exam conditions, debrief ✓ Answer all questions even if unsure
Reporting information your answers, then focus your study
on weaker areas of the answer
Demonstrate the use of double-entry
and accounting systems ✓ Book your CBE exam in advance at Section B (30 marks)
one of the on demand CBE centres n There will be 2 multi-task questions (MTQ)
Prepare a trial balance
Key in this section each worth 15 marks. Each
resources MTQ will be specific to a syllabus area.

Links to key resources: Tips for answering
n Examining team guidance multi-task questions
n Specimen exam ✓ Read and ensure you
n Practice tests
n Technical articles understand the scenario
n Preparing for on-demand CBEs ✓ Read the questions carefully
n How to book an on-demand exam ✓ Think before answering, don’t rush!
n On demand centre list ✓ Ensure you do your workings even

though you do not need to show them
✓ Answer all questions even if unsure

of the answer