First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

INDEX INDEX 757




Bowman capsule, 583 Breastfeeding, 636 Brucella spp, 127 Buspirone
Boxer’s fracture, 459 Breast milk transmission and treatment of, 143 mechanism and clinical use, 574
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) IgA antibodies in, 105 zoonotic infections, 149 Busulfan, 441
hydronephrosis in, 599 oxytocin’s role in, 328 Brucellosis, 149 pulmonary fibrosis and, 251
Brachial artery, 455 prolactin and, 330 Brugada syndrome, 294, 304 toxicity, 444
Brachial plexus Breast/ovarian cancer Bruising Butorphanol, 551, 552
Pancoast tumor, 685 BRCA1 mutation, 64 scurvy, 69
Brachial plexus lesions, 448 BRCA2 mutation, 64 Brunner glands C
Brachiocephalic syndrome, 685 incomplete penetrance, 56 bicarbonate product, 372 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, 107
Brachiocephalic vein, 685 Breast pathology, 649 duodenum, 362 C3 deficiency, 107
Brachioradialis reflex, 510 benign disorders, 649 Bruton agammaglobulinemia, 61, 116 C5a receptor, 406
Bradycardia invasive carcinomas, 650 Bruxism, 497 C5-C9 deficiencies, 107
amiodarone and, 323 noninvasive carcinomas, 650 BTK gene, 116 CA 15-3/CA27-29 (tumor markers),
atropine for, 241 Breast cancer B-type natriuretic peptide, 296 226
β-blockers and, 245, 323 aromatase inhibitors for, 656 Buckle (torus fracture), 462 CA 19-9 (tumor marker), 226, 398
dopamine for, 242 breastfeeding and, 636 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392 CA 125 (tumor marker), 226
on ECG, 293 hormonal contraception Budesonide, 687 CAAT box, 41
hypermagnesemia, 591 contraindication, 657 Buerger disease, 314 Cachexia, 227
reflex, 588 hypercalcemia and, 228 Bugs TNF-α and, 108
sympatholytic drugs and, 243 incidence/mortality of, 222 affecting unvaccinated children, 186 Café-au-lait spots
Bradykinesia oncogenes and, 224 causing diarrhea, 179 McCune-Albright syndrome, 57
with antipsychotic drugs, 573 paclitaxel for, 441 causing food-borne illness, 178 Caffeine intoxication and withdrawal,
Bradykinin paraneoplastic cerebellar hints, 186 570
ACE inhibitors and, 610 degeneration and, 228 Bulbar (spongy) urethra injury, 627 Cahill cycle, 82
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, tamoxifen for, 443 Bulbus cordis, 281 Calcarine sulcus
107 trastuzumab for, 443 Bulimia nervosa, 567 thalamic relay to, 498
Bradykinin, 610 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 anovulation and, 645 Calciferol (vitamin D), 589
BRAF gene, 224, 387 Breathing drug therapy for, 572 Calcification, 211
melanomas and, 484 mechanics of, 675 laxative abuse by, 401 dystrophic, 227
papillary thyroid carcinoma and, with pneumothorax, 682 Mallory-Weiss syndrome and, 377 Calcineurin, 120
343 Breath sounds SSRIs for, 575 Calcinosis cutis, 473
vemurafenib and, 444 bronchial, 680, 682 Bulk-forming laxatives, 401 Calcitonin, 333
Brain diminished, 682 Bullae, 475 medullary thyroid carcinoma
blood flow autoregulation, 297 physical findings, 680 impetigo, 479 production, 343
embryologic derivatives, 613 Brenner tumor, 646 necrotizing fasciitis, 479 tumor marker, 226
embryology of, 490 Brief psychotic disorder, 560 skin lesions, 475 Calcitriol, 589
infarcts, 209 Brimonidine, 552 Bull neck lymphadenopathy, 132 Calcium
ischemia in, 210 Brittle bone disease, gene defects Bullous impetigo, 479 in bone disorders, 464
metastasis to, 223 in, 51 Bullous pemphigoid, 475, 480 calcitonin and, 333
Brain abscesses Broad-base budding (blastomycosis), autoantibody, 115 in cardiac muscle, 292
bacteremia, 180 151 Bulls-eye erythema, 146 in osteomalacia/rickets, 463
HIV-positive adults, 180 Broad ligament, 625 Bumetanide, 608 in Paget disease of bone, 463
otitis media, 180 Broca area, 501 BUN (blood urea nitrogen) Vitamin D and, 337
Staphylococcus aureus, 180 aphasia, 516 ornithine transcarbamylase Calcium carbonate, 399
Toxoplasma gondii, 177 MCA stroke, 514 deficiency, 83 Calcium channels
Viridans streptococci, 180 Bromocriptine, 548 Bundled payment, 271 ethosuximide effect on, 544
Brain cysts, 161 Bronchi, 662 Bundle of His, 293 glucose and, 334
Brain death, 269, 501, 502 Bronchial carcinoid tumor, 684 Bundle of Kent, 294 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic
Brain injury Bronchiectasis Bunyaviruses, 167–168 syndrome, 228
gastritis with, 379 Aspergillus fumigatus, 153 Bupivacaine, 550 myocardial action potential, 292
hypopituitarism from, 339 cystic fibrosis, 60 Buprenorphine, 551 opioid effect on, 551
Brain lesions (common), 511 Kartagener syndrome, 49 heroin detoxification, 576 pacemaker action potential, 292
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 296, Bronchioles, 662 morphine and, 234 Calcium channel blockers
588 histamine receptors and, 238 Bupropion, 576 angina, 318
in SIADH, 338 Bronchiolitis obliterans, 119, 683 seizures with, 251 antiarrhythmic drugs, 324
signaling pathways for, 337 organizing pneumonia (BOOP), Burkholderia cepacia contractility in, 284
Brain stem 683 cystic fibrosis, 179 cutaneous flushing, 248
dorsal view, 504 Bronchitis Burkitt lymphoma, 430 gingival hyperplasia, 250
ventral view, 504 cystic fibrosis, 60 chromosomal translocations and, hypertension, 316
Brain stem/cerebellar syndromes Haemophilus influenzae, 142 434 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 308
multiple sclerosis, 523 Bronchoconstriction, 687 EBV, 165 mechanism and clinical use, 318
Brain tumors Bronchodilation, 687 oncogenes and, 224 migraine headaches, 518
adult primary, 526–527 sympathetic receptors and, 238 oncogenic microbes and, 226 Raynaud phenomenon, 472
childhood primary, 528 Bronchogenic carcinomas Burnout (medical errors), 274 Calcium homeostasis, 333
hallucinations with, 559 asbestosis and, 677 Burns Calcium (kidney stones), 598
incidence and mortality, 222 carcinogens causing, 225 classification, 483 calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, 69
metastatic source, 223 Bronchogenic cysts, 660 shock with, 310 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
nitrosoureas for, 441 Bronchopneumonia, 683 sunburn, 482 disease, 467
Branched-chain ketoacid Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 210 testosterone/methyltestosterone Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), 355
dehydrogenase, 66 free radical injury, 210 for, 658 Calculation
Branching enzyme (glycogen neonatal respiratory distress “Burr cells,” 414 bioavailability of, 231
metabolism), 86 syndrome, 661 Bursitis reabsorption and secretion rate, 584
BRCA1/BRCA2 genes, 224 Brown-Séquard syndrome, 531 prepatellar, 460 Calculous cholecystitis, 396
DNA repair in, 40 Horner syndrome, 531 Burton line Caliciviruses, 163
tumor suppressor genes, 224 “Brown tumors,” 464 lead poisoning, 419 characteristics of, 167








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 757 11/21/19 12:27 PM

758 INDEX INDEX




California encephalitis, 167 Carbidopa, 549 Cardiogenic shock, 310 muscular dystrophy, 61
Calluses (dermatology), 475 Carbohydrate absorption, 373 etiology, 310 rubella, 182
cAMP (cyclic adenosine Carbohydrate metabolism Cardiomegaly sorbitol, 81
monophosphate) inborn errors of, 80 Pompe disease, 87 Catecholamines
endocrine hormone messenger, Carbol fuchsin, 125 Cardiomyopathy, 308 adrenal medulla secretion, 327
337 Carbon dioxide (CO ) β-blockers, 245 amphetamines and, 242
2
fructose bisphosphatase-2 and, 76 production in tissues, 127 Chagas disease, 158 contractility effects of, 284
heat-labile/heat-stable toxin effects, retention, 679 drug reaction and, 248 ephedrine and, 242
132 transport, 670 familial amyloid, 212 heart contractility, 284
hyperparathyroidism, 345 Carbonic anhydrase, 670 glycogen storage diseases, 87 pacemaker action potential, 292
PTH effect on, 332 Carbon monoxide (CO) heart failure with, 309 pheochromocytoma and, 350
Vibrio cholerae, 146 vs cyanide poisoning, 667 hemochromatosis and, 395 Catecholamine synthesis
CAMP factor, 137 electron transport inhibition, 78 hypertrophic, 245 tyrosine catabolism, 83
Campylobacter spp poisoning, 666 Kussmaul sign in, 316 Cats (disease vectors)
animal transmission, 149 teratogenicity, 614 Starling curves, 285 Campylobacter jejuni, 145
bloody diarrhea, 179 toxicity treatment, 248 sudden cardiac death, 304 Cat scratch disease, 149
jejuni, 145 Carbon tetrachloride Cardiotoxicity Pasteurella multocida, 149, 186
reactive arthritis and, 469 free radical injury and, 210 doxorubicin, 439 Tinea corporis, 152
Canagliflozin, 353 Carboplatin drugs causing, 444 Toxoplasma gondii, 156, 182
Canalicular stage (development), 660 mechanism and clinical use, 442 methylxanthines, 687 Cauda equina, 507
Cancer toxicities of, 444 TCA adverse effects, 575 Cauda equina syndrome, 530
common metastases, 223 Carboplatin toxicity, 444 trastuzumab, 443 Caudal fold closure defects, 358
deaths from, 272 Carboxylases, 73 Cardiovascular drugs Caudal regression syndrome, 614
ESR in, 214 Carboxypeptidase, 373 naming conventions for, 253 Caudate
hallmarks of, 221 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) reactions to, 248 basal ganglia, 500
immune evasion in, 221 (tumor marker), 226 Cardiovascular system, 281–323 Huntington disease, 520
mortality of, 222 Carcinogens, 225 anatomy, 283 Cavernous hemangiomas
pneumoconioses, 676, 677 griseofulvin, 200 embryology, 281–283 liver, 392
Cancer drugs Carcinoid syndrome, 352 pathology, 298–313 Cavernous hemangiomas (liver), 392
cell cycle, 438 bronchial carcinoid tumors, 684 pharmacology, 316–322 Cavernous sinus, 542
targets, 438 somatostatin in treatment, 371 physiology, 284–299 dural venous sinuses, 503
Cancer epidemiology, 222 Carcinoid tumors sclerosis of, 473 syndrome, 542
Candesartan, 610 biomarkers for, 226 Carditis thrombosis with mucormycosis,
Candida albicans, 153 immunohistochemical stains for, Lyme disease, 146 153
HIV-positive adults, 177 227 rheumatic fever, 312 CCR5 protein
T cell dysfunction, 116 octreotide for, 400 Carfilzomib, 443 HIV and, 175
Candida spp stomach, 379 Carina (trachea), 663 maraviroc, 203
amphotericin B, 199 Carcinoma in situ, 219 Carmustine, 441 viral receptor, 166
azoles, 199 cervical dysplasia, 645 pulmonary fibrosis, 251 CD4+ cell count
echinocandins, 200 ductal, 650 Carnitine acyltransferase I, 73, 89 disease associations by levels, 177
immunodeficiency infections, 118 neoplastic progression, 219 Carotid artery CD4 protein, 101
osteomyelitis, 180 penis, 651 atherosclerosis in, 302 viral receptor, 166
tricuspid valve endocarditis and, vulvar, 644 cavernous sinus, 542 CD4+ T cells (HIV), 176
311 Carcinomas emboli from, 538 CD5 protein, 432
vulvovaginitis, 181 bone, 464 embryonic development, 619 CD8 protein, 101
Candidiasis colorectal, 388 giant cell arteritis and, 314 CD16 protein, 101
Candida albicans, 153 invasive, 219 Carotid massage, 296 CD20 protein, 110
chronic mucocutaneous, 116 metastases of, 219, 223 Carotid sinus, 296 in CLL, 432
cortisol and, 336 nomenclature of, 220 Carpal bones, 449 CD21 protein, 110
nystatin, 199 thyroid, 343 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 459 viral receptor, 166
Cannibalism, 178 Cardiac arrest lunate dislocation, 449 CD25 protein
“Cannonball” metastases, 642 antacid adverse effects, 399 nerve injury, 447 cell surface protein, 110
Capecitabine hypermagnesemia, 591 rheumatoid arthritis, 466 regulatory T cells and, 102
5-F-dUMP, 36 Cardiac cycle, 287 Carteolol, 552 CD28 protein, 110
“Cape-like” sensory loss, 492 Cardiac depression, 318 Cartilage CD34 protein, 110
Capillary fluid exchange, 297 Cardiac function curves, 286 collagen in, 50 leukocyte extravasation and, 215
Capitate bone, 449 Cardiac glycosides fluoroquinolone damage to, 250 CD40 protein, 110
Capitation, 271 mechanism and clinical use, 321 Cartilage damage, 204 CDKN2A gene, 224
Caplan syndrome, 466, 677 sodium-potassium pump Carvedilol, 245, 323 CEA tumor marker, 388
Capsules (bacterial), 124 inhibition, 49 Casal necklace, 67 Cefaclor, 189
Captain’s wheel Cardiac looping, 280 Caseating granulomas Cefazolin
Paracoccidioidomycosis, 151 Cardiac output in tuberculosis, 140 mechanism and use, 189
Captopril, 610 exercise and, 670 Case-control studies, 256 prophylaxis, 198
Caput medusae, 365 in pregnancy, 633 Caseous necrosis, 209 Cefepime
Carbachol, 240, 552 variables in, 284 Caspases, 208 mechanism and use, 189
Carbamazepine V/Q mismatch and, 669 Caspofungin Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143
agranulocytosis, 250 Cardiac output equations, 285 echinocandins, 200 Cefotaxime, 189
aplastic anemia, 250 Cardiac pressures (normal), 297 Casts in urine, 594 Cefotetan
cytochrome P-450 and, 252 Cardiac tamponade, 310 Catabolism of amino acids, 82 mechanism and use, 189
epilepsy, 544 aortic dissection and, 303 Catalase, 210 Cefoxitin
SIADH and, 249 jugular venous pulse in, 287 Catalase-positive organisms, 128 mechanism and use, 189
Carbamoyl phosphate, 82 MI, 305, 307 Cataplexy, 568 Cefpodoxime
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, 73 shock, 310 Cataracts, 535 mechanism and use, 189
Carbapenems Cardiac therapy, 317 corticosteroid toxicity, 120 Ceftaroline
mechanism and use, 190 Cardiac tumors, 316 diabetes mellitus and, 346 mechanism and use, 189
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Cardinal veins, 281 galactosemia, 80 MRSA, 198







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 758 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 759




Ceftazidime Central tendon (diaphragm), 663 Cestodes, 160 Childbirth
mechanism and use, 189 Central vertigo, 534 Cetirizine, 686 brachial plexus injury in, 448
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Centriacinar emphysema, 674 Cetuximab, 442 Budd-Chiari syndrome and, 392
Ceftriaxone Cephalexin CFTR gene Graves disease and, 342
Chlamydia spp, 148 mechanism and use, 189 chronic pancreatitis and, 397 low birth weight, 635
for gonococci, 142 Cephalosporins cGMP (cyclic guanosine misoprostol induction, 399
for Haemophilus influenzae, 142 disulfiram-like reaction, 251 monophosphate) neonatal flora, 178
mechanism and use, 189 mechanism and use, 189 atrial natriuretic peptide and, 296 oxytocin and uterine contractions,
meningitis, 180 pseudomembranous colitis, 249 endocrine hormone messenger, 328, 636
meningococci, 142 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 337 postpartum mood disturbances,
typhoid fever, 144 Ceramide trihexoside male sexual response, 627 562
Cefuroxime in sphingolipidoses, 88 Chagas disease, 158 preterm, as common cause of
mechanism and use, 189 Cerebellar degeneration achalasia in, 376 death, 272
Celecoxib, 252, 486 paraneoplastic, 228 Chalk-stick fractures, 463 progesterone levels after, 630
Celiac artery Cerebellar lesions Chancroids, 184 Sheehan syndrome after, 339
mesenteric ischemia, 386 hemisphere, 511 Changes in the elderly, 270 stress incontinence and, 599
structures supplied, 364 lateral, 499 Chaperone protein, 45 Childhood disorders, 557
Celiac disease, 381 medial, 499 Charcoal yeast extract culture Childhood musculoskeletal
autoantibody, 115 tonsillar herniation, 492, 529 Legionella pneumophila, 126, 143 conditions, 461
HLA genes and, 100 vermis lesions, 511 Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm, Childhood primary brain tumors, 528
IgA deficiency, 116 Cerebellum 516 Child neglect, 556
Celiac sprue, 381 development of, 490 Charcot joints Children
Celiac trunk, 364 input/output of, 499 syphilis, 147 causes of death, 272
Cell biology of bone, 459 tonsils, 492 tabes dorsalis and, 530 Chi-square tests, 264
Cell cycle phases, 46 Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius, 504 Charcot-Leyden crystals, 674 Chlamydia spp, 148, 184
Cell envelope (bacterial), 124 Cerebral artery distributions, 502 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 524 atypical infections, 179
Cell injury, 207 Cerebral cortex Charcot triad, 397 diagnostic tests for, 148
Cell lysis, 590 aphasia, 514 Charging, tRNA, 44 Giemsa stain, 125
Cell membrane in apoptosis, 208 arterial distribution, 502 Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, 117 Gram stain, 125
Cell surface proteins dominant parietal lesions, 511 Cheilosis, 67 intracellular organism, 127
association and functions, 110 functional areas of, 501 Chelation macrolides, 193
leukocyte adhesion deficiency, 117 hemineglect, 514 hemochromatosis, 395 pneumonia, 683
T cells and, 101 nondominant parietal lesions, 511 lead poisoning, 419 reactive arthritis, 469
Cell trafficking, 47 visual field defects, 514 Chemokines, 108 sulfonamides for, 194
Cell types Cerebral edema delayed hypersensitivity, 112 tetracyclines, 192
labile, 46 diabetic ketoacidosis and, 347 Chemoreceptors, 296 Chlamydia trachomatis
permanent, 46 therapeutic hyperventilation, 501 Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), eosinophilia, 149
stable (quiescent), 46 Cerebral hemispheres, 490 496 pelvic inflammatory disease, 149
Cellular biochemistry, 46–52 Cerebral palsy, 551 Chemotherapy pneumonia, 179
Cellular injury Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), AML and, 432 serotypes, 149
cellular adaptations, 206 501 MDR1 and responsiveness to, UTIs, 600
irreversible, 207 “Cerebriform” nuclei, 430 227 Chlamydophila pneumoniae, 148
reversible, 207 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neutropenia with, 424 pneumonia, 179
Cellulitis, 136, 479 albuminocytologic dissociation, ondansetron, 400 Chlamydophila psittaci
Pasteurella multocida, 149 524 paclitaxel, 48 atypical pneumonia, 148
Cell walls (bacterial), 124 blood-brain barrier and, 496 pancreatic cancer, 398 transmission, 149
Central clearing circulation of, 496, 503 readmissions with, 272 Chloasma (melasma), 476
nuclei, 343 findings in meningitis, 180 treatments for vomiting, 401 Chloramphenicol
rash, 152 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 524 vincristine/vinblastine, 48 aplastic anemia and, 250
Central diabetes insipidus, 338 hydrocephalus, 522 Chemotoxicities, 444 gray baby syndrome, 250
Central/downward transtentorial multiple sclerosis, 523 Cherry hemangiomas, 478 mechanism and use, 192
herniation, 529 neurodegenerative disorders, 521 “Cherry red” epiglottis, 142 pregnancy contraindications, 204
Central nervous system (CNS) origins, 490 Cherry-red spot (macula), 538 protein synthesis inhibition, 191
anesthetic principles for, 549 poliomyelitis, 531 lysosomal storage disease, 88 Chlordiazepoxide, 546
antiarrhythmic adverse effects, production, 493 Chest pain alcohol withdrawal, 572
322, 323 ventricular system, 504 panic disorder, 563 Chlorhexidine, 204
cancer epidemiology, 222 Cerebrovascular disease pneumothorax, 682 Chloride channels
cell types in, 493–494 diabetes mellitus, 346 Chest wall cystic fibrosis, 60
depression, 546 Certolizumab, 487 elastic properties, 665 Chlorine, 204
drug name conventions, 253 Ceruloplasmin Chest X-rays Chloroprocaine, 550
nitrosoureas effect on, 441 free radical elimination by, 210 aortic dissections on, 303 Chloroquine, 200
origins of, 490 Cervical cancer, 645 balloon heart on, 308 malaria, 157
posterior fossa malformations, 491, carcinogens causing, 225 eggshell calcification, 677 Chlorpheniramine, 686
492 epidemiology of, 643 notched ribs on, 299 Chlorpromazine, 573
regional specification of, 506 HIV-positive adults, 177 Wegener granulomatosis on, 315 Chlorthalidone, 609
shock from injury, 310 hydronephrosis with, 599 widened mediastinum on, 137 Chocolate agar
Central nervous system stimulants, oncogenic microbes and, 226 Cheyne-Stokes respirations, 679 Haemophilus influenzae, 126, 142
572 papillomaviruses, 164 Chiari malformations, 492 Cholangiocarcinomas
Central pontine myelinolysis, 524 Cervical rib, 448 Chickenpox Clonorchis sinensis, 160, 161
Central post-stroke pain syndrome, Cervicitis rash, 183 hyperbilirubinemia, 393
515 sexually transmitted infections, 184 VZV, 165 oncogenic microbes and, 226
Central precocious puberty, 637 Cervix Chief cells (parathyroid), 332 sclerosing cholangitis, 395
Central retinal artery occlusion, 538 anatomy of, 625 Chief cells (stomach), 372 Cholangitis, 368, 382, 393, 397
Central sleep apnea, 679 epithelial histology, 626 Child abuse, 556 Cholecalciferol, 70
Central sulcus, 501 lymphatic drainage of, 624 osteogenesis imperfecta and, 51 Cholecystectomy, 396, 397
Central tendency measures, 262 pathology of, 645 reporting requirements, 269 Cholecystitis, 396







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 759 11/21/19 12:27 PM

760 INDEX INDEX




Cholecystokinin (CCK) polyposis syndrome, 387 Ciliated cells, 662 Class III antiarrhythmics, 323
secretory cell location, 373 renal cell carcinoma, 605 Cimetidine, 399 Class IV antiarrhythmics, 324
Choledocholithiasis, 396 Robertsonian translocation, 64 cytochrome P-450 and, 252 Classical conditioning, 554
Cholelithiasis, 395, 396, 397 von Hippel-Lindau disease, 525 gynecomastia and, 649 Class switching
acute pancreatitis, 397 Wilson disease, 395 Cinacalcet, 355 CD40, 103
bile ducts and, 368 Chronic bronchitis, 674 Cinchonism thymus-dependent antigens, 105
biliary cirrhosis and, 396 Chronic disease, anemia of, 421 antiarrhythmic causing, 322 Clathrin, 47
Crohn disease, 382 Chronic gastritis, 379 neurologic drug reaction, 251 Claudication
hyperbilirubinemia and, 393 Chronic granulomatous disease Cingulate gyrus atherosclerosis, 302
octreotide and, 400 (CGD) limbic system, 499 Buerger disease, 314
Cholera toxin catalase-positive microbes, 186 Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation, giant cell arteritis, 314
lysogenic phage infection, 130 immunodeficiencies and, 117 529 Clavicle fractures, 460
mechanism, 132 recombinant cytokines for, 121 Ciprofloxacin Clavulanate
Cholestasis serum markers, 390 respiratory burst in, 109 for Crohn disease, 382 Haemophilus influenzae, 142
Cholesteatomas, 533 Chronic inflammation, 216 cytochrome P-450 and, 252 Clavulanic acid, 189
Cholesterol Chronic ischemic heart disease, 304 fluoroquinolones, 195 Clawing (hand), 451
atherosclerosis, 302 Chronic kidney disease meningococci, 142 Klumpke palsy, 448
in bile, 374 erythropoietin in, 589 Mycobacterium avium- Clearance (CL) of drugs, 231
cholelithiasis and, 396 hypertension and, 300 intracellulare, 196 Clear cell adenocarcinoma, 644
lipid-lowering agents, 320 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia prophylaxis, 198 DES and, 656
synthesis of, 47, 73, 79 (CLL), 432 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Cleavage in collagen synthesis, 50
vitamin B effects, 67 immunosuppressants, 120 Circadian rhythm Cleft lip and palate
3
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein, 93 rituximab for, 443 hypothalamic control, 498 development, 621
Cholestyramine, 320 Chronic mesenteric ischemia, 386 sleep physiology, 497 Patau syndrome, 63
Cholinergic agonists, 253 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Circle of Willis, 503 Pierre Robin sequence, 620
Cholinergic effects, 321 116 saccular aneurysms, 516 Clevidipine, 318
cardiac glycosides, 321 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Circulatory system for hypertensive emergency, 318
Cholinesterase inhibitors (CML), 433 fetal, 282 Clindamycin
diarrhea with, 249 basophilia caused by, 408 kidneys and, 580 bacterial vaginosis, 148
neuromuscular blockade reversal, busulfan for, 441 Circumflex femoral artery, 463 Clostridium difficile and, 138
551 chromosomal translocations and, Circumoral pallor mechanism and use, 192
Cholinomimetic agents, 240 434 group A streptococcal pharyngitis, metronidazole vs, 192
glaucoma treatment, 552 imatinib for, 443 136 protein synthesis inhibition, 191
Chondrocalcinosis, 467 oncogenes and, 224 Cirrhosis pseudomembranous colitis with,
Chondrocytes, 458, 462 Chronic myeloproliferative disorders, α -antitrypsin deficiency, 392 249
1
osteoarthritis, 466 433 alcoholic, 71, 391 Clinical reflexes, 510
Chondroma, 464 Chronic obstructive pulmonary bacterial peritonitis (spontaneous), Clinical trials, 256
Chondrosarcoma, 465 disease (COPD) 390 Clinical vignette strategies, 23
Chordae rupture, 291 albuterol for, 242 cholelithiasis and, 396 “Clock-face” chromatin, 409, 431
Chorea β-blockers and, 245 cystic fibrosis, 60 Clofazimine
brain lesions, 511 muscarinic antagonists for, 241 encephalopathy with, 391 Hansen disease, 141
Huntington disease, 520 salmeterol for, 242 esophageal varices and, 377 Mycobacterium leprae, 196
movement disorders, 519 Chronic pancreatitis, 397 fructose intolerance, 80 Clomiphene
Choriocarcinoma, 642 pancreatic insufficiency from, 381 gynecomastia, 649 estrogen receptor modulators,
hCG in, 633 Chronic placental insufficiency, hemochromatosis, 395 656
methotrexate for, 440 578 with hepatitis, 389 hot flashes with, 249
testicular, 653 Chronic pyelonephritis, 600 hepatocellular carcinomas, 392 Clomipramine, 575
theca-lutein cysts and, 646 Chronic renal failure, 603 hyperbilirubinemia in, 393 Clonidine, 240, 243
Chorionic plate, 617 hyperphosphatemia with, 345 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Cloning methods (laboratory
Chorionic somatomammotropin, 634 Chronic respiratory diseases 391 technique), 55
Chorionic villi bronchitis, 674 portal hypertension, 389 Clonorchis sinensis
hydatidiform moles, 642 with chronic inflammatory serum markers for, 390 cholangiocarcinoma, 226
placenta, 617 diseases, 683 Cisplatin diseases association, 161
Chorioretinitis death in children, 272 mechanism and clinical use, 442 trematodes, 160
congenital toxoplasmosis, 182 obstructive diseases, 674 targets of, 438 Clopidogrel, 437
Choristomas, 220 pneumoconioses, 675 toxicities of, 251, 444 acute coronary syndromes, 307
Choroid layer (ophthalmology) sinusitis, 674 Citalopram, 575 for ischemic stroke, 512
inflammation, 536 thromboembolism, 679 Citrate synthase, 74 thrombogenesis and, 411
neovascularization, 536 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary Citrulline, 82 Closed-angle glaucoma, 536
Choroid plexus (CNS), 504 hypertension, 679 c-KIT gene, 224 pilocarpine for, 240
Christmas tree distribution, 482 Chronic transplant rejection, 119 CK-MB, 304, 306 Clostridium botulinum
Chromaffin cells Churg-Strauss syndrome, 315 Cladribine, 440 exotoxin production, 132
diagram, 327 autoantibody, 115 for hairy cell leukemia, 432 food poisoning, 178
pheochromocytomas, 350 Chvostek sign Clara cells, 661, 662 therapeutic uses, 138
Chromatin structure, 34 hypocalcemia, 591 Clarithromycin Clostridium difficile
Chromatolysis, 495 hypoparathyroidism, 344 Helicobacter pylori, 146 antibiotic use, 185
Chromogranin, 226, 684 Chylomicrons, 92, 94 HIV prophylaxis, 198 metronidazole, 195
Chromosomal translocations, 434 Chymotrypsin, 373 macrolides, 193 nosocomial infection, 185
Chromosome abnormalities Cidofovir, 202 Mycobacterium avium- PPI association, 138
congenital microdeletion, 64 Cigarette smoke (carcinogen), 225 intracellulare, 196 proton pump inhibitor use, 399
gene associations with, 64 Ciguatoxin, 247 pregnancy use, 204 toxins and effects of, 138
hemochromatosis, 395 Cilastatin Clasp knife spasticity, 529 vancomycin, 190
karyotyping for, 55 imipenem and, 190 Class IA antiarrhythmics, 322 watery diarrhea, 179
nephroblastoma, 606 seizures with, 251 Class IB antiarrhythmics, 322 Clostridium perfringens
nondisjunction (meiosis), 63 Ciliary ganglia, 539 Class IC antiarrhythmics, 322 clindamycin, 192
omphaloceles, 358 Cilia structure, 49 Class II antiarrhythmics, 323 exotoxin production, 133







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 760 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 761




food poisoning, 178 Cochlea Collapsing pressure (alveoli), 661 Comprehensive Basic Science Self-
toxins produced, 138 CN VIII, 506 Collecting tubules Assessment (CBSSA), 11
traumatic open wound, 186 inner ear, 533 potassium-sparing diuretics and, Computer-Based Test (CBT)
watery diarrhea, 179 presbycusis, 533 609 environment of, 3–4
Clostridium spp, 138 Codeine, 551 Colles fracture, 462 exam schedule for, 7–8
anaerobic organism, 127 Codman triangle (x-ray), 465 Colliculi, 504 structure of, 3
exotoxins, 138 Codominance, 56 Colon COMT inhibitors, 548
Clostridium tetani, 138 Codons histology of, 362 Conditioning (psychological), 554
exotoxin production, 132 amino acid specification, 37 ischemia in, 210 Conduct disorder, 557
Clotrimazole, 199 genetic code features, 37 Colon cancer, 388 Conducting zone (respiratory tree),
Clotting factors, 71 start and stop, 44 adenomatous polyposis and, 387 662
Clozapine, 573 Cofactors bevacizumab for, 442 Conduction aphasia, 516
agranulocytosis with, 250 apolipoproteins, 93 cetuximab for, 442 Conductive hearing loss, 533
Clubbing (digital), 675 biotin, 68, 73 5-fluorouracil for, 440 Condylomata acuminata, 477
cystic fibrosis, 60 cobalamin, 69 incidence/mortality in, 222 sexual transmission, 184
Eisenmenger syndrome, 299 copper, 51 irinotecan/topotecan for, 442 Condylomata lata
Club cells, 661 Menkes disease, 51 Lynch syndrome, 40 syphilis, 147, 184
Clue cells pantothenic acid, 67 molecular pathogenesis of, 389 Confidence intervals, 263
bacterial vaginosis, 148, 181 phenylketonuria, 84 oncogenes and, 224 Confidentiality, 267
Cluster A personality disorders pyridoxine, 67 serrated polyps and, 387 in abuse, 269
characteristics of, 565 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Staphylococcus gallolyticus and, behavioral science ethics, 265
schizoid, 565 76 137 exceptions to, 267
schizotypal, 565 riboflavin, 67 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 Confluence of the sinuses, 503
Cluster B personality disorders TCA cycle, 77 Colonic ischemia, 363, 386 Confounding bias, 261
antisocial, 565 thiamine, 74 Colonic polyps, 387 Congenital adrenal hyperplasias, 335
borderline, 565 vitamin K, 71 Colony stimulating factor, 121 Congenital heart disease, 298–300
histrionic, 565 “Coffee bean sign” (X-ray), 386 Colorado tick fever, 167 defect associations, 300
narcissistic, 565 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Color blindness, 197 maternal phenylketonuria, 84
Cluster C personality disorders 557, 572 Colovesical fistulas, 383 pulmonary arterial hypertension,
avoidant, 566 ADHD, 557 Coltivirus, 167 679
dependent, 566 anxiety disorders, 562 Coma rubella, 182
obsessive-compulsive, 566 atypical depression, 561 hepatic encephalopathy, 391 Congenital hydrocele (scrotal), 652
Cluster headaches, 518, 547 bipolar disorder, 561 herniation syndromes, 529 Congenital hypothyroidism
c-MYC gene, 224 body dysmorphic disorder, 563 hyponatremia, 591 (cretinism), 341
CN III, IV, VI palsies, 541 obsessive-compulsive disorder, 563 rabies, 171 Congenital long QT syndrome, 294
CNS (central nervous system) panic disorder, 563 thyroid storm, 342 Congenital lung malformations, 660
cancer epidemiology, 222 phobias, 563 Toxocara canis, 159 Congenital malformation mortality,
CNS lymphomas postpartum depression, 562 Trypanosoma brucei, 156 272
HIV-positive adults, 177 PTSD, 563 Comedones, 477 Congenital nevus, 475
oncogenic microbes and, 226 Cohort studies, 256 Commaless genetic code, 37 Congenital rubella
CO 2 Coin lesion (X-ray), 684 cardiac defect associations, 300
production in tissues, 127 x-ray signs, 684 Comma-shaped rods, 141 heart murmur, 291
Coagulation, 71 Cola-colored urine, 596 Common bile duct, 361, 368 Congenital solitary functioning
Coagulation disorders, 426 Colchicine, 55 Common cold, 168 kidney, 579
hemophilia, 426 agranulocytosis, 250 Common peroneal nerve, 452, 453 Congenital syphilis, 147
hereditary thrombosis syndromes, calcium pyrophosphate deposition Common variable immunodeficiency Congestion (respiratory)
428 disease, 467 (CVID), 116 with lobar pneumonia, 683
mixed platelet/coagulation, 428 diarrhea with, 249 Communicating hydrocephalus, 522 Congo red stain, 212
vitamin K and, 426 gout, 467, 487 Communication with patient, 268 Conivaptan, 354
Coagulation pathways, 412 microtubules and, 48 Compartment syndrome, 461 SIADH, 354
Coagulative necrosis, 209 myopathy with, 250 Competence (bacterial genetics), 130 Conjoined tendon, 369
MI, 305 “Cold enrichment,” 139 Competitive agonists, 234 Conjugated (direct)
Coagulopathy Colectomy Competitive antagonist, 234 hyperbilirubinemia, 393
postpartum hemorrhage, 641 adenomatous polyposis, 387 Competitive inhibitors, 230 Conjugate vaccines, 127
preeclampsia, 643 inflammatory bowel disease, 382 Complement Conjugation (bacterial genetics), 130
uterine bleeding with, 633 Colesevelam, 320 activation pathways and functions, Conjunctival suffusion/injection
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, 677 Colestipol, 320 106 eye disorders, 147
CoA production, 67, 72 Colistin binding of, 104 Kawasaki disease, 314
Coarctation of aorta, 299, 300 polymyxin E, 193 disorders of, 107–122 Conjunctivitis, 148, 534
Cobalamin, 69 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 eculizumab, 122 adenovirus, 164
Cobblestone mucosa, 382 Colitis endotoxin activation, 133 chlamydia, 184
Cocaine Clostridium difficile, 138 immunodeficiency infections, 118 gonococcal prophylaxis, 198
β-blockers and, 245 oral vancomycin, 190 immunoglobulin isotypes, 105 Haemophilus influenzae, 142
coronary vasospasm, 248 pseudomembranous, 179, 188, 192 innate immunity, 99 reactive arthritis, 469
intoxication and withdrawal, 571 Collagen, 50 splenic dysfunction, 98 rubeola, 170, 183, 186
liver processing of, 367 decreased/faulty production, 51 transplant rejection, 119 Zika virus, 171
sympathomimetic action, 242 epithelial cell junctions and, 474 Complement activation inhibition Connective tissue diseases
teratogenicity, 614 osteoblast secretion of, 459 β-hemolytic bacteria, 135 aortic dissection and, 303
Coccidioides spp polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and, 57 Complementation (viral), 162 pulmonary arterial hypertension, 679
silver stain, 125 scar formation, 218 Complete (third-degree) AV block, thoracic aortic aneurysms and, 302
treatment, 199 synthesis and structure, 50 295 Connective tissue drug reactions, 250
Coccidioidomycosis, 151 in systemic sclerosis, 473 Complex partial seizures, 517 Conn syndrome, 349, 591
erythema nodosum and, 482 types of, 50 Complex renal cysts, 604 Consensual light reflex, 539
Coccobacilli, 141 vitamin C in synthesis, 69 Compliance (lung), 665 Consent
Cocci bacteria wound healing, 216 Comprehensive Basic Science healthcare proxy, 269
antibiotic tests, 134 Collagenase in neutrophils, 406 Examination (CBSE), 11 minors, 265, 268







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 761 11/21/19 12:27 PM

762 INDEX INDEX




Consolidation (lung finding), 680 pulmonary hypertension, 679 C-peptide Cryptococcus neoformans, 153
lobar pneumonia, 683 right ventricular failure, 668 insulin and, 334 HIV-positive adults, 177
Constipation Corpus cavernosum with insulinomas, 351 stains for, 125
anal fissures, 366 lymphatic drainage of, 624 CpG island methylator phenotype Cryptococcus spp
calcium channel blockers, 318 Corpus luteum (CIMP), 387 meningitis, 180
Hirschsprung disease, 384 hCG and, 633 Crackles (physical findings), 680 treatment, 199
irritable bowel syndrome, 383 progesterone production, 630 Cranial nerve palsies urease-positive, 127
laxative treatments, 401 Correlation coefficient, 264 osteopetrosis, 463 Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,
loperamide, 400 Cortical signs, 514 Cranial nerves, 506 683
ondansetron, 400 Corticopapillary osmotic gradient, common lesions, 532 Cryptorchidism, 651
ranolazine, 319 588 functions of, 506 Sertoli cells and, 628
vincristine, 441 Corticosteroid-binding globulin, 336 locations of, 504 Cryptosporidium spp, 155
Constrictive pericarditis Corticosteroids nerve and vessel pathways, 505 fluorescent antibody stain, 125
jugular venous pulse in, 287 asthma, 687 nuclei of, 505 watery diarrhea, 179
Kussmaul sign, 316 cataracts, 535 pharyngeal arch derivation, 620 Crypts of Lieberkühn, 362
Contact dermatitis, 113 Crohn disease, 382 reflexes of, 507 C-section deliveries
Contemplation stage, substance Cushing syndrome, 348 Craniopharyngioma, 528, 613 neonatal flora, 178
addiction, 568 giant cell arteritis, 314 hypopituitarism with, 339 neonatal flora with, 178
Continuous heart murmurs, 291 hyperglycemia with, 249 Craniotabes, 463 risk factors after, 640
Contraception hypopituitarism, 339 C-reactive protein (CRP), 213 Culture requirements
isotretinoin teratogenicity, 614 lymphopenia with, 424 innate immunity and, 99 bacteria, 126
methods for, 657 microscopic polyangiitis, 315 Creatine kinase, 203 Cuneiform cartilage, 620
parental consent for minors and, neutrophilia from, 424 Creatinine Curling ulcers
265 osteonecrosis, 463 ACE inhibitor effects, 610 gastritis, 379
progestins for, 657 osteoporosis with, 250 glomerular filtration rate and, “Currant jelly” stools, 385, 386
Contractility in cardiac output, 284 pancreatitis with, 249 582 “Currant jelly” sputum
Contraction alkalosis, 60, 587, 588, for polymyalgia rheumatica, 470 proximal convoluted tubules, Klebsiella spp, 186
609 Takayasu arteritis, 314 587 Curschmann spirals, 674
Coombs-positive hemolysis thyroid storm, 342 Creatinine clearance, 582 Cushing disease, 348
α-methyldopa, 243 Wegener granulomatosis, 315 Cre-lox system, 56 Cushing-like symptoms, 203
anemia with, 423 Corticotropin-releasing hormone Cremasteric muscle and fascia Cushing reflex, 296
Coombs test, 423 (CRH) inguinal canal and, 369 Cushing syndrome, 348
Cooperative kinetics, 230 adrenal cortex regulation of, 327 Cremasteric reflex, 452, 510 anovulation with, 645
COPI/COPII proteins, 47 cortisol regulation, 336 Crepitus corticosteroids, 120
Copper deficiency, 419 function of, 328 esophageal perforation, 377 eosinopenia, 424
Copper intrauterine device, 657 signaling pathways of, 337 in necrotizing fasciitis, 479 paraneoplastic syndrome, 228
Copper metabolism Cortisol, 336 soft tissue, 138 small cell lung cancer, 684
Wilson disease, 395 congenital adrenal hyperplasias, Crepitus in necrotizing fasciitis, 479 Cushing ulcers
Copper toxicity, 248 335 Crescentic glomerulonephritis, 596 gastritis, 379
Coprolalia, 557 in Cushing syndrome, 348 CREST syndrome, 473 Cutaneous anthrax, 137
Copy number variations (CNV), 54 signaling pathways for, 337 autoantibody, 115 edema toxin, 132
Cord factor, 140 Corynebacterium diphtheriae sclerodermal esophageal Cutaneous flushing
Cori cycle, 82 culture requirements for, 126 dysmotility, 377 drugs causing, 248
Cori disease, 87 exotoxin effects, 139 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 178, 521 Cutaneous larva migrans, 159
Corkscrew fibers, 528 exotoxin production, 132 “Crew cut” (skull X-ray), 422 Cutaneous leishmaniasis, 158
“Corkscrew” hair, 69 Costovertebral angle tenderness, 601 Cricoid cartilage, 620 Cutaneous mycoses, 152
Cornea Co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Cricothyroid muscle, 620 Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes,
astigmatism, 535 353 Cri-du-chat syndrome, 64 228
collagen in, 50 Cough Crigler-Najjar syndrome, 393, 394 Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis,
Corneal arcus ACE inhibitors, 251, 610 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, 314
familial hypercholesterolemia, 94 chronic bronchitis, 674 167 Cutis aplasia
hyperlipidemia, 301 gastroesophageal reflux disease, CRISPR/Cas9, 53 Patau syndrome, 63
Corneal reflex, 507 377 Crohn disease, 382 CXCR4
Corneal vascularization, 67 guaifenesin, 686 azathioprine, 120 viral receptor, 166
Corniculate cartilage, 620 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 675 B deficiency, 420 CXCR4/CCR5 protein
12
Coronary arteries lung cancer, 684 cholelithiasis and, 396 presence on cells, 110
anatomy of, 283 nonproductive, 140 natalizumab, 122 Cyanide
atherosclerosis in, 302 staccato, 149 spondyloarthritis and, 469 electron transport chain, 78
Coronary artery disease Wegener granulomatosis, 315 sulfasalazine for, 400 Cyanide poisoning
atrial fibrillation and, 295 whooping, 132, 143 vitamin B deficiency, 69 vs carbon monoxide poisoning, 667
12
diabetes mellitus and, 346 Councilman bodies Cromolyn, 687 induced methemoglobinemia, 666
hormonal contraception with, 657 yellow fever, 168 Cross-linking in collagen synthesis, 50 nitroprusside, 318
hypertension and, 300 Countertransference, 554 Cross-over study, 256, 261 treatment for, 248
sudden cardiac death, 304 Courvoisier sign Cross-sectional studies, 256 Cyanosis
Coronary sinus pancreatic cancer, 398 Croup, 170 “blue babies,” 298
anomalous pulmonary return, 298 Cowpox, 164 paramyxoviruses, 167, 169 “blue kids,” 299
development, 281 Coxiella burnetii pulsus paradoxus in, 310 Eisenmenger syndrome, 299
Coronary steal syndrome, 304 animal transmission, 149 CRP and ESR, 214 esophageal atresia, 359
Coronary vasospasm, 248 Q fever, 150 Crust (skin), 475 methemoglobinemia, 666
triptans and, 547 Coxiella spp basal cell carcinoma, 484 patent ductus arteriosus, 299
Coronaviruses intracellular organisms, 127 impetigo, 479 pulmonary hypertension, 679
characteristics of, 167 Coxsackievirus varicella zoster virus, 479 tetralogy of Fallot, 298
genomes of, 163 acute pericarditis, 313 Cryoprecipitate, 429 Cyclins, 46
Cor pulmonale, 309, 668 picornavirus, 168 Crypt hyperplasia, 381 Cyclobenzaprine, 551
from obstructive lung disease, 674 presentation, 167 Cryptococcal meningitis, 199 Cyclooxygenase
pneumoconioses, 677 rashes of childhood, 183 Cryptococcosis, 153 aspirin effect on, 411







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 762 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 763




Cyclooxygenase inhibition Cytoplasmic membrane (bacterial), Decussation De novo synthesis
irreversible, 486 124 in spinal tracts, 509 pyrimidine and purine, 36, 73
reversible, 485, 486 Cytoplasmic processing bodies Deep brachial artery, 455 Dense deposit disease, 596
selective, 486 (P-bodies), 41 Deep inguinal lymph nodes, 624 Dental plaque
Cyclophosphamide, 441 Cytoskeletal elements, 48 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 671 normal flora, 178
hemorrhagic cystitis with, 249 Cytotoxic T cells, 102 direct factor Xa inhibitors for, 437 viridans streptococci, 128
microscopic polyangiitis, 315 cell surface proteins, 110 glucagonomas and, 351 Dentate line, 366
SIADH with, 249 MHC I and II, 100 heparin for, 436 Dentate nucleus, 499
toxicities of, 444 Cytotrophoblast, 617 tamoxifen/raloxifene and, 443 Dentin
transitional cell carcinoma and, Deer flies (disease vectors), 159 collagen in, 50
606 D Defense mechanisms osteogenesis imperfecta, 51
Wegener granulomatosis, 315 Dabigatran, 435 immature, 554–555 Dentinogenesis imperfecta, 51
Cycloplegia Dabrafenib, 444 mature, 555 Denys-Drash syndrome, 606
atropine, 241 Daclizumab Defensins, 99 Dependent personality disorder, 566
muscarinic antagonists for, 241 targets of, 121 Deferasirox, 248 Depersonalization/derealization
Cyclosporine Dacrocytes, 414 Deferiprone, 248 disorder, 558
gingival hyperplasia, 250 Dactinomycin, 439 Deferoxamine, 248 panic disorder, 563
gout, 250 RNA polymerase inhibition, 42 Deformation, 613 Depolarizing neuromuscular
immunosuppression, 120 targets of, 438 Degarelix, 656 blocking drugs, 551
Cyclothymic disorder, 561 Dactylitis Degenerate/redundant genetic code, 37 Depressants, intoxication and
Cystathionine, 67 seronegative spondyloarthritis, 469 Degmacytes, 414 withdrawal, 570
Cystathionine synthase deficiency, 84 sickle cell anemia, 422 G6PD deficiency, 79 Depression
Cyst disorders (renal), 604 Dalfopristin Dehydration atypical features in, 561
Cysteine, 85 VRE, 198 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 benzodiazepine withdrawal, 570
Cystic duct, 368 Danazol, 658 filtration changes and, 583 dissociative identity disorder, 558
Cystic fibrosis, 60 pseudotumor cerebri, 521 gout exacerbation, 467 drug therapy, 572
Aspergillus fumigatus, 153 “Dancing eyes, dancing feet,” 228 loop diuretics and, 608 electroconvulsive therapy, 562
bronchiectasis, 675 Dandy-Walker syndrome, 492 mannitol and, 607 hyperparathyroidism, 345
chromosome association, 64 Dantrolene, 550, 551 osmotic laxatives, 401 metoclopramide, 400
common organisms, 179 Dapagliflozin, 353 salivary stones with, 376 mirtazapine for, 244
meconium ileus and, 386 Dapsone shock, 310 neurotransmitters for, 495
N-acetylcysteine, 686 Hansen disease, 141 Dehydrogenases, 73 postpartum, 562
pancreatic insufficiency, 381 hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250 Delavirdine seasonal pattern with, 561
vitamin deficiencies and, 65 mechanism and use, 194 HIV therapy, 203 serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake
Cystine, 598 Mycobacterium leprae, 196 Delirium, 558 inhibitors (SNRIs) for, 575
Cystinuria, 85 Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 barbiturate withdrawal, 570 SSRIs for, 575
Cystitis Daptomycin diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Deprivation effects (infants), 556
acute bacterial, 594, 600 mechanism and use, 195 PCP, 571 De Quervain tenosynovitis, 461
squamous cell carcinoma risk, 606 MRSA, 198 thyroid storm, 342 De Quervain thyroiditis, 341
Cytarabine, 440 Darkfield microscopy Delirium tremens (DTs), 569, 570 Dermacentor tick (disease vector), 149
Cytochrome C, 208 for Treponema, 146 δ cells Dermatitis
Cytochrome P-450 Darunavir endocrine pancreas B-complex deficiency, 65
azoles, 199 HIV therapy, 203 somatostatin production, 371 drug reactions and, 250
barbiturates and, 546 Dasabuvir, 204 somatostatinomas of, 351 glucagonomas, 351
cimetidine and, 399 Dasatinib, 443 Delta rhythm (EEG), 497 IPEX syndrome, 102
griseofulvin, 200 Datura, 241 Delta virus, 167 type IV hypersensitivity reaction, 113
interactions with, 252 Daunorubicin, 439 Deltoid muscle vitamin B deficiency, 67
5
macrolides, 193 dilated cardiomyopathy, 248 axillary nerve injury, 447 vitamin B deficiency, 68
7
phenobarbital effect on, 544 DCC gene, 224 Erb palsy, 448 Dermatitis herpetiformis, 481
rifamycins, 196 Deacetylation Delusional disorder, 560 celiac disease and, 381
ritonavir, 203 histones, 34 Delusions, 559 Dermatologic lesion terms, 475
Cytokeratin, 227 Dead space (lung), 664 mesolimbic pathway, 499 Dermatomes
Cytokines, 101, 108 Deafness Demeclocycline landmarks, 510
corticosteroids and, 120 Alport syndrome, 596 diabetes insipidus and, 249, 338 Dermatomyositis, 228
Graves disease and, 342 congenital long QT syndrome, 294 Dementia autoantibody, 115
rejection reactions, 119 congenital syphilis, 147 HIV-positive adults, 177 Dermatomyositis/polymyositis, 471
type IV hypersensitivity, 113 rubella, 182 metachromatic leukodystrophy, 88 Dermatophytes, 152
Cytokinesis, 46 syphilis, 182 neurodegenerative disorders, Dermis, 473
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Deamination 520–521 Descending colon, 360
AIDS retinitis, 165 base excision repair, 40 prion disease, 178 Desert bumps, 151
cholecystitis and, 396 Death vitamin B deficiency, 67 Desert rheumatism
3
clinical significance, 165 aortic dissection in, 303 Demyelinating/dysmyelinating Coccidioidomycosis, 151
esophagitis and, 377 children, explaining to, 269 disorders, 523 Desflurane, 550
HIV-positive adults, 177 common causes, 272 lead poisoning (adult), 425 Desipramine, 575
hyper-IgM syndrome and, 117 sudden cardiac death, 304 metachromatic leukodystrophy, 88 Desloratadine, 686
immunodeficient patients, 118 thyroid storm, 342 progressive multifocal Desmin, 48, 227
pneumonia, 683 Death receptor pathway, 207, 208 leukoencephalopathy, 524 Desmopressin
TORCH infection, 182 Debranching enzyme vitamin B deficiency, 530 central DI, 329
12
treatment, 202 Cori disease, 87 Dendritic cells, 408 DI treatment, 338
viral receptor, 166 glycogen metabolism, 86 IL-10, 108 for hemophilia, 426
Cytoplasm Decay-accelerating factor (DAF), 106 innate immunity, 99 Desmosome, 474
cell cycle phase, 46 Deceleration injury, 303 T- and B-cell activation, 102, 103 Desquamation
cytoskeletal elements, 48 Decerebrate (extensor) posturing, 511 Dengue, 167 staphylococcal toxic shock
glycolysis, 76 Decidua basalis, 617 Denial, 554 syndrome, 135
HMP shunt, 79 Decision-making capacity, 266 Denosumab, 122 Desvenlafaxine, 575
metabolism in, 72 Decorticate (flexor) posturing, 511 for osteoporosis, 462 Detached retina, 537






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 763 11/21/19 12:27 PM

764 INDEX INDEX




Developmental delay Dialectical behavioral therapy, 565, Diffuse gastric cancer, 379 in botulism, 138
fetal alcohol syndrome, 615 572 Diffuse glomerular disorders, 594 intracranial hypertension, 521
renal failure and, 603 Dialysis-related amyloidosis, 212 Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma myasthenia gravis, 472
Dexamethasone Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 420 (DLBCL), 430, 432 osmotic demyelination syndrome,
Cushing syndrome diagnosis, 348 Diapedesis, 215 Diffuse partial seizures, 517 524
Dexlansoprazole, 399 Diaper rash Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis Dipyridamole
Dexrazoxane, 439 Candida albicans, 153 (DPGN), 596 for coronary steal syndrome, 304
Dextroamphetamine, 572 nystatin, 199 Diffuse scleroderma, 473 Direct bilirubin, 375
Dextrocardia, 280 Diaphoresis, 305 Diffuse stomach cancer, 379 Direct cholinomimetic agonists, 240
x-ray, 49 acromegaly, 339 Diffusion-limited gas exchange, 668 Direct (conjugated)
Dextromethorphan, 551, 686 Diaphragmatic hernia, 370 DiGeorge syndrome, 344 hyperbilirubinemia, 393
DHT (dihydrotestosterone), 622, Diaphragm structures, 663 lymph node paracortex in, 96 Direct Coombs test
636, 639 Diaphysis, 465 thymic shadow in, 98 Type II hypersensitivity, 112
Diabetes insipidus, 338 Diarrhea, 117 Digestion Direct factor Xa inhibitors, 437
antidiuretic hormone in, 329 B-complex deficiency, 65 malabsorption syndromes, 381 Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
drug reaction and, 249 bismuth/sucralfate for, 399 secretory products for, 372–374 microscopy
lithium, 574 Campylobacter jejuni, 145 ulcerative colitis and, 382 for Treponema, 146
lithium toxicity, 569 cholera toxin, 132 Digestive tract Direct inguinal hernia, 370
potassium-sparing diuretics for, 609 clindamycin, 192 anatomy and histology, 362 Direct light reflex, 539
thiazides for, 609 Clostridium difficile, 138 Digitalis Direct sympathomimetics, 242
Diabetes mellitus, 346–347 Cryptosporidium, 155 arrhythmias induced by, 322 Direct thrombin inhibitors, 435
atherosclerosis and, 302 drug reaction and, 249 contractility effects, 284 Discharge planning, 272
β-blockers and, 245 ezetimibe, 320 hyperkalemia and, 590 Discolored teeth, 204
carpal tunnel syndrome, 459 giardiasis, 155 toxicity treatment for, 248 Discounted fee-for-service, 271
cataracts and, 535 graft-versus-host disease, 119 Digoxin Disease associations, 161
chronic renal failure and, 603 HIV-positive adults, 177 contractility effects of, 285, 286 Disease prevention, 270
CN III damage, 541 inflammatory bowel diseases, 382 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 308 Disease vectors
diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 irritable bowel syndrome, 383 mechanism and clinical use, 321 Aedes mosquitoes, 168
diabetic retinopathy, 537 lactase deficiency, 81 sodium-potassium pump Anopheles mosquito, 157
Friedreich ataxia, 531 lactose intolerance, 381 inhibition, 49 armadillos, 149
fungal infections, 186 as laxative adverse effect, 401 therapeutic index of, 234 birds, 148, 149
glucagonomas, 351 leflunomide, 486 toxicity treatment, 324 cats, 149
glucosuria in, 584 loperamide for, 400 Dihydroergotamine, 518 dogs, 145, 149
hemochromatosis, 395 magnesium deficiency from, 332 Dihydrofolic acid, 194 fleas, 149, 150
hepatitis C, 173 magnesium hydroxide, 399 Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase flies, 144, 149
hypertension and, 300, 316 malabsorption syndromes, 381 leflunomide effects, 36, 486 horse flies, 159
management of, 352–353 metoclopramide, 400 Dihydropyridine calcium channel Ixodes ticks, 146
naming conventions for, 253 misoprostol, 399 blockers, 253 rodents, 167
nephropathy with, 597 opioids for, 551 Dihydropyridine receptor, 456 ticks, 146, 150
opportunistic infections, 153 organisms causing, 179 Dihydrorhodamine test, 117 zoonotic bacteria, 149
pancreatic cancer, 398 pellagra, 67 Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Disinfection/sterilization methods,
polyhydramnios and, 641 rice-water, 132 5α-reductase deficiency, 639 204
in pregnancy, 300 rotavirus, 168 function, 636 Disinhibited behavior
pyelonephritis and, 600 Salmonella, 144 sexual determination, 622 Klüver-Bucy syndrome, 511
readmissions with, 272 Shigella, 144 Dihydroxyacetone-P, 80 Disinhibited social engagement, 556
tacrolimus and, 120 thyroid storm and, 342 Dilated cardiomyopathy, 308, 309 Disopyramide, 322
teratogenic potential of maternal, Vibrio cholerae, 146 doxorubicin, 439 Disorganized thought, 559
614 VIPomas, 371 drug reaction and, 248 Dispersion measures, 262
therapy management, 352 vitamin C toxicity, 69 hemochromatosis, 395 Displacement, 554
type 1 vs type 2, 347 watery, 132 muscular dystrophy, 61 Disruption (morphogenesis), 613
urinary tract infections, 181 Diastole wet beriberi, 66 Disruptive mood dysregulation
UTIs and, 600 cardiac cycle, 287 with myocarditis, 313 disorder, 557
Diabetes mellitus type 1, 347 heart failure and, 309 Diltiazem, 318 Disseminated candidiasis, 153
autoantibody, 115 heart murmurs of, 291 Dimenhydrinate, 686 Disseminated intravascular
HLA subtypes with, 100 heart sounds of, 287 Dimercaprol coagulation (DIC), 428
Diabetes mellitus type 2, 347 Diazepam, 546 for arsenic toxicity, 248 acute myelogenous leukemia, 432
amyloidosis, 212 alcohol withdrawal, 572 for lead poisoning, 248, 419 Ebola, 171
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 347 Diclofenac, 486 for mercury poisoning, 248 endotoxins, 131, 133
DM type 1 and, 346 Dicloxacillin Dinitrophenol, 78 meningococci, 142
ketone bodies, 90 mechanism and use, 188 Diphenhydramine, 686 microangiopathic anemia, 423
Diabetic nephropathy Dicrotic notch, 287 Diphenoxylate, 551 Waterhouse-Friderichsen
ACE inhibitors for, 610 Dicyclomine, 241 Diphtheria syndrome, 349
Diabetic neuropathy, 575 Didanosine, 203 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 139 Dissociation, 554
Diabetic retinopathy, 537 HIV therapy, 203 exotoxins, 130, 131, 132 Dissociative disorders, 558
Diagnosis errors, 274 pancreatitis, 249 unvaccinated children, 186 amnesia, 558
Diagnostic criteria, psychiatric Diencephalon, 490 vaccine for, 139 identity disorder, 558
grief, 562 Diethylcarbamazine Diphyllobothrium latum Distal humerus, 455
panic disorder, 563 antihelminthic, 200 disease association, 161 Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints,
symptom duration and, 564 nematode infections, 159 presentation, 160 451
Diagnostic maneuvers/signs Diethylstilbestrol (DES), 656 vitamin B deficiency, 69, 420 Distal renal tubular acidosis (type 1),
12
Gower sign, 61 teratogenicity, 614 Diplococci, 142 593
Diagnostic test evaluation, 257 vaginal tumors, 644 Diplopia Distributive shock, 310
Diagnostic tests/maneuvers Differential media, 126 brain stem/cerebellar syndromes, Disulfiram
laboratory tests in bone disorders, 464 Diffuse axonal injury, 515 523 alcoholism treatment, 571
lower extremity, 491 Diffuse cortical necrosis, 602 central vertigo, 534 ethanol metabolism and, 72
wrist and hand injury, 459 Diffuse esophageal spasm, 377 drug toxicity, 544 disulfiram-like reaction, 251






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 764 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 765




Diuresis Dorsal columns (spinal cord), 508, multiorgan, 251 Dyskinesia
atrial natriuretic peptide, 296 509 musculoskeletal, 250 tardive, 251
for shock, 310 thalamic relay for, 498 neurologic, 251 Dyslipidemia
Diuretics Dorsal interossei muscle, 450 renal/genitourinary, 251 β-blocker adverse effects, 323
dilated cardiomyopathy, 308 Dorsal motor nucleus, 506 respiratory, 251 β-blockers, 245
electrolyte changes, 609 Dorsal optic radiation, 542 Drug reaction with eosinophilia familial, 94
glaucoma treatment, 552 Dorsal pancreatic bud, 360 and systemic symptoms renal failure and, 603
hypertension treatment, 316 Dorsiflexion (DRESS), 250 vitamin B for, 67
3
magnesium levels and, 332 common peroneal nerve injury, Drug-related disorders Dysmenorrhea
mechanism and clinical use, 607 453 myocarditis, 313 copper IUD, 657
pancreatitis, 249 Dosage calculations, 231 Drug resistance primary, 645
for SIADH, 338 Dosage interval, 231 plasmids in, 131 Dysmetria
Diverticula, 383 Double-blinded studies, 256 Drugs central vertigo, 534
Diverticulitis, 383 Double stranded viruses, 163 cholinomimetic agents, 240 with strokes, 514
Diverticulosis, 383 Double Y males, 638 efficacy vs potency, 233 Dyspareunia, 567
Diverticulum, 383 Down syndrome, 63 elimination of, 232, 233 Dysphagia
Dizygotic (“fraternal”) twins, 616 ALL and AML in, 432 errors in, 274 achalasia, 376
Dizziness cardiac defect association, 300 patient difficulty with, 268 esophageal pathologies and,
AChE inhibitors, 549 cataracts and, 535 phase I metabolism, 232 377–378
calcium channel blockers, 318 chromosome association, 64 reactions to, 248–251 in botulism, 138
dihydropyridine, 318 hCG in, 633 therapeutic index, 234 osmotic demyelination syndrome,
nitrates, 318 Hirschsprung disease and, 384 toxicities, 248 524
ramelteon, 547 intestinal atresia and, 359 Drug safety Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 418
ranolazine, 319 Doxazosin, 244 therapeutic index, measurement, stroke effects, 514
sacubitril, 319 Doxepin, 575 234 Zenker diverticulum, 384
vertigo and, 534 Doxorubicin Drug trials, 256 Dysplasia
DMPK gene, 61 dilated cardiomyopathy, 248 Drunken sailor gait, 511 bronchopulmonary, 210
DNA targets, 438 Drusen, 536 cellular adaptive response, 206
cloning methods, 55 toxicities, 444 Dry beriberi, 66 cervical, 645
free radical effect on, 210 Doxycycline Dry cough with ACE inhibitors, 251 neoplastic progression, 219
introns vs exons, 43 chlamydiae, 148 Dry mouth Dysplastic kidney
laddering in apoptosis, 208 in gonorrhea treatment, 142 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic multicystic, 578, 579
methylation in, 34 lymphogranuloma venereum, 149 syndrome, 472 Dyspnea
mutations in, 39 MRSA, 198 Dry skin, 66 α -antitrypsin deficiency, 392
1
plasmid transfer, 130 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 150 Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 393, 394 aortic stenosis, 291
repair of, 40 rickettsial/vector-borne disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 61 heart failure, 309
DNA ligase 150 inheritance, 61 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 675
action of, 38 tetracyclines, 192 Ductal adenocarcinomas, 368 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 308
DNA mutations Doxylamine, 686 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), in botulism, 138
types of, 39 DPP-4 inhibitors, 353 650 Wegener granulomatosis, 315
DNA polymerase inhibitors, 253 Dressler syndrome, 305, 307, 313 Ductal carcinomas (invasive), 650 Dystonia
DNA polymerases DRESS syndrome, 250 Ductus arteriosus, 282, 619 acute, 241
action of, 38 Drooling treatment, 241 Ductus deferens antipsychotics/antiepileptics, 569
DNA repair, 40 Drop metastases, 528 embryology, 622 benztropine for, 241
DNA replication, 38 Drop seizures, 517 Ductus venosus, 282 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37
DNA topoisomerases, 38 Drug dosages, 234 Duloxetine, 575 movement disorders, 519
DNA transcription calculations, 231 Duodenal atresia, 359 nigrostriatal pathway and, 499
deacetylation, 34 lethal median, 234 Duodenal ulcer, 380 treatment of, 241
DNA viruses, 164 liver disease, 231 Duodenum Dystrophic calcification, 211, 227
characteristics, 163 loading, 231 basal electric rhythm, 362 Dystrophin gene, 61
genomes, 163 maintenance dose, 231 biliary structures and, 368 Dysuria, 654
Dobutamine, 242 median effective, 234 histology of, 362 cystitis, 181
Dofetilide, 323 renal disease, 231 location, 360 urinary catheterization, 185
Dogs (disease vectors), 145, 149 toxic dose, 234 secretory cells, 373 UTIs causing, 600
Dolutegravir, 203 Drug elimination, 231 Duplex collecting system, 579
Dominant inheritance, 59 Drug-induced lupus, 250 Dural venous sinuses, 503 E
Dominant negative mutations, 57 Drug interactions Dura mater, 496 Ear
Donepezil, 240, 549 additive, type, 235 Dwarfism pharyngeal pouch derivation, 621
Do not resuscitate (DNR) order, 266 antagonistic, type, 235 achondroplasia, 462 Eardrum, 533
Dopamine, 242 permissive, type 235 D-xylose test, 381 Early complement deficiencies (C1-
basal ganglia, 500 potentiation, type, 235 Dynein C4), 107
bupropion effect, 576 synergistic, type, 235 movement of, 48 Eating disorders
changes with disease, 495 tachyphylactic, type, 235 Dynein motors, 171 anovulation and, 645
function of, 328 Drug metabolism, 232 Dysarthria, 516 binge-eating disorder, 567
Huntington disease, 520 cytochrome P-450 dependent, Friedreich ataxia as, 531 bulimia nervosa, 567
kidney functions and, 589 232 in botulism, 138 characteristics of, 567
l-DOPA, 548, 549 geriatric patients in, 232 osmotic demyelination syndrome, pica, 567
MAO inhibition, 549, 575 Drug name conventions, 253–255 524 Eaton agar
Parkinson disease, 548 Drug overdoses Dysbetalipoproteinemia, 94 culture requirements, 126
PCT secretion of, 589 of weak acids, 233 Dysentery Ebola virus, 167, 171
pheochromocytoma secretion, 350 of weak bases, 233 Entamoeba histolytica, 179 Ebstein anomaly, 281, 298, 300
vitamin B and, 67 Drug reactions Escherichia coli, 145 lithium side effect, 574
6
Dopamine agonists, 330, 339, 548 cardiovascular, 248 Shigella spp, 132, 144, 179 E-cadherin, 219, 474
Dopamine receptors, 238 endocrine/reproductive, 249 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 633 ECF
Dopaminergic pathways, 499 gastrointestinal, 249 Dysgerminoma, 647 body compartments of, 231
Dornase alfa (DNAse), 60 hematologic, 250 Dysgeusia, 71 Echinocandins, 200






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 765 11/21/19 12:27 PM

766 INDEX INDEX




Echinococcus granulosus EGFR gene, 684 Emancipated minors, 265 prion disease, 178
cestodes, 160 “Eggshell” calcification, 677 EMB agar renal failure, 603
disease association, 161 Ego defenses, 554, 555 Escherichia coli, 181 Wernicke, 66
Echinocytes, 414 Ego-dystonic behavior, 563 lactose-fermenting enterics, 144 Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis,
Echothiophate, 552 Egophony, 680 Emboli 525
Echovirus Ego-syntonic behavior, 565, 566 atherosclerosis, 302 Endemic typhus, 149
picornavirus, 167, 168 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome atrial fibrillation, 295 Endocannabinoids, 336
Eclampsia, 300, 643 aneurysm association with, 516 atrial septal defect, 299 Endocardial cushion, 281
Ecthyma gangrenosum, 143 collagen in, 50 pulmonary, 310 Endocardial fibroelastosis, 308
Pseudomonas spp, 143 collagen synthesis in, 51 stroke, 512 Endocarditis
Ectocervix, 626 heart murmur with, 291 Emboliform nucleus, 499 bacterial, 311
Ectoderm Ehrlichia spp Embryogenesis Candida albicans, 153
branchial clefts, 619 animal transmission, 149 genes involved in, 612 coarctation of aorta, 299
derivatives of, 613 Ehrlichia chaffeensis, 149 intrinsic pathway and, 208 Coxiella burnetii, 150
Ectoparasites, 161 Gram stain, 125 Embryology daptomycin, 195
Ectopic pregnancy, 641 rickettsial/vector-borne, 150 cardiovascular, 281–283 enterococci, 137
appendicitis differential diagnosis, Eisenmenger syndrome, 299 derivatives, 613 heart murmurs, 291
383 Ejaculation erythropoiesis, 404 heroin addiction and, 576
Chlamydia trachomatis, 149 innervation of, 627 gastrointestinal, 358–359 nonbacterial thrombotic, 228
hCG in, 633 sperm pathway in, 626 gland derivations in, 621 prophylaxis, 198
Kartagener syndrome, 49 Ejaculatory ducts, 626 hematologic/oncologic, 404 Staphylococcus aureus, 135
methotrexate for, 440 embryology of, 622 neurological, 490–492 Streptococcus bovis, 137
salpingitis and, 185 Ejection fraction pancreas and spleen, 359, 360 viridans streptococci, 128
Eculizumab, 122 equation for, 285 renal, 578–579 Endocervix, 626
Eczema Elastase, 373 reproductive, 612–623 Endochondral ossification, 458
atopic dermatitis, 477 activity in emphysema, 674 respiratory, 660 Endocrine functions
eczematous dermatitis, 475 Elastic recoil (lung and chest wall), thyroid development, 326 kidney, 589
phenylketonuria, 84 665 USMLE Step 1 preparation, 276 Endocrine system
skin scales in, 475 Elastin Embryonal carcinoma, 653 anatomy, 327–328
type I hypersensitivity, 112 characteristics of, 52 Embryonic age calculation, 633 embryology, 326
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 117 Elbow injuries, 459, 461 Embryonic development, 612 hormones acting on kidney, 589,
Edema Elderly Embryonic morphogenic errors, 613 590
acute poststreptococcal changes in, 270 Embryonic stage (development), 660 hormone signaling pathways, 337
glomerulonephritis, 596 Electrocardiograms (ECGs), 293 Embryotoxic, 204 pathology, 338–354
Arthus reaction, 113 acute pericarditis on, 313 Emergent care proxy, 269 pharmacology, 352–354
calcium channel blockers, 318 cardiac tamponade on, 310 Emission physiology, 328–336
capillary fluid exchange and, 297 low-voltage, 308, 310 innervation of, 627 Endocrine/reproductive drug
danazol, 658 MI diagnosis with, 306 Emollients reactions, 249
diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 with pulmonary embolism, 672 laxative, 401 Endoderm
endotoxins, 133 tracings of, 295 Emotion branchial pouch derivation, 619
fludrocortisone, 354 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) neural structures and, 499 derivatives of, 613
heart failure and, 309 adverse effects, 562 Emotionally distraught patients, 268 Endodermal sinus tumor, 647, 653
with hyperaldosteronism, 349 postpartum psychosis, 562 Emotional/social development Endodermal tubules, 660
immunosuppressants, 120 Electroencephalogram (EEG) neglect and deprivation effects, 556 Endometrial abnormal uterine
Kawasaki disease and, 314 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 521 Empagliflozin, 353 bleeding, 633
kwashiorkor, 71 in delirium, 558 Emphysema, 674 Endometrial artery, 617
loop diuretics for, 608 sleep stages, 497 diffusion in, 668 Endometrial carcinoma, 648
periorbital, 159, 161 Electrolytes diffusion-limited gas exchange, epidemiology of, 643
peripheral, 309, 610 disturbances in, 591 668 estrogens and, 656
pitting, 309 diuretic effects on, 609 elastin in, 52 Lynch syndrome and, 388
pseudoephedrine/phenylephrine, Electron acceptors (universal), 75 panacinar, 392 PCOS and, 645
686 Electron transport chain and Empty/full can test, 446 tamoxifen and, 443
pulmonary hypertension, 668 oxidative phosphorylation, Empty sella syndrome, 339 Endometrial hyperplasia
Trichinella spiralis, 159, 161 78 Emtricitabine, 203 follicular cysts, 646
trichinosis, 159 inhibitors of, 78 HIV-positive adults, 203 Endometrial polyps
vasogenic, 496 Electrophoresis Enalapril, 610 uterine bleeding with, 633
wet beriberi, 66 hemoglobin, 410 Encapsulated bacteria, 127 Endometrial vein, 617
Edema factor Elek test, 139 infections with immunodeficiency, Endometriosis
Bacillus anthracis, 132 Elementary bodies (chlamydiae), 118 characteristics and treatment, 648
Edinger-Westphal nuclei, 539 148 Encephalitis danazol for, 658
Edrophonium, 240 Elephantiasis, 159 anti-NMDA receptor, 228 Endometritis, 648
Edwards syndrome, 63 11β-hydroxylase, 335 Cryptococcus neoformans, 153 Endometrium
cataracts and, 535 11-deoxycortisol guanosine analogs, 201 hyperplasia, 648–649
chromosome association, 64 and metyrapone, 335 herpesviruses, 165, 180 maintenance of, 632
Efavirenz 11-deoxycorticosterone, 335 HSV identification, 166 Endoneurium, 495
HIV-positive adults, 203 Elfin facies, 64 Lassa fever, 167 Endoplasmic reticulum, 46, 47
Effective refractory period Elimination constant, 231 neonatal, 182 rough, 46
Class IA antiarrhythmic effect, 322 Elimination of drugs, 232 West Nile virus, 180 smooth, 46
Class IC antiarrhythmic effect, 322 urine pH and, 233 Encephalomyelitis Endosomes, 47
myocardial action potential, 292 ELISA (enzyme-linked paraneoplastic, 228 Endothelial cells
Effective renal plasma flow, 582 immunosorbent assay), 54 paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 leukocyte extravasation and, 215
Efferent/afferent nerves, 296 Elongation Factor 2 Encephalopathy in wound healing, 216
Efferent arteriole, 580 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 139 hepatic, 365, 391 Endothelin receptor antagonist, 686
ANP/BNP, 588 eltrombopag (TPO receptor agonist), hypertensive emergency, 300 naming conventions for, 254
constriction of, 583 121 lead poisoning, 419 Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
Efficacy vs potency of drugs, 233 Elvitegravir, 203 Lyme disease, 146 (EDRF), 337







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 766 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 767




Endotoxins Eosinophilic casts (urine), 600 head and neck cancer, 671 release of, 589
effects of, 133 Eosinophilic esophagitis, 377 HIV-positive adults, 177 in renal failure, 603
features of, 131 Eosinophilic granuloma, 675 Hodgkin lymphoma, 429 signaling pathways for, 337
Enflurane, 550 Eosinophilic granulomatosis in immunodeficient patients, 118 Eschar, 132
seizures with, 251 autoantibody, 115 nasopharyngeal carcinomas, 165 in cutaneous anthrax, 137
Enfuvirtide, 203 Eosinophilic granulomatosis with oncogenesis of, 226 with mucormycosis, 153
HIV-positive adults, 203 polyangiitis, 315 paracortical hyperplasia in, 96 Escherichia coli, 145
Enhancers (gene expression), 41 Eosinophils, 408 receptors for, 166 cephalosporins, 189
Enoxacin, 195 corticosteroid effects, 424 Eptifibatide, 438 culture requirements, 126
Entacapone, 548 in esophagus, 377 thrombogenesis and, 411 encapsulation, 127
Entamoeba histolytica Ependymal cells, 493 Equations galactosemia, 80
amebiasis, 155 Ependymoma, 528 half-life of, 231 lac operon, 40
bloody diarrhea, 179 Ephedrine, 242 Erb palsy, 448 lactose fermentation, 144
metronidazole, 195 Epicanthal folds Erectile dysfunction, 567 meningitis, 180
Enteric gram ⊝ bacteria cri-du-chat syndrome, 64 β-blockers and, 245, 323 neonatal illness, 182
facultative anaerobic metabolism, Down syndrome, 63 cimetidine, 399 nosocomial infection, 185
127 Epidemic typhus, 149 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic O157-H7, 132, 145, 178, 179
Enteric nerves, 362, 401 Epidemiology/biostatistics, 256–262 syndrome, 472 penicillins for, 188
Enteritis Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Peyronie disease, 651 pneumonia, 179
vitamin B deficiency, 69 signaling pathways for, 337 sildenafil, 686 prostatitis, 654
12
vitamin B deficiency, 67 in wound healing, 216 Erection urinary tract infections, 181, 600
5
vitamin B deficiency, 68 Epidermis, 473 autonomic innervation, 627 Escitalopram, 575
7
Enterobacter aerogenes, 189 embryologic derivatives, 613 ischemic priapism, 651 E-selectin, 215
Enterobacter spp Epidermophyton, 152 Ergocalciferol, 70 Esmolol, 245, 323
nosocomial infection, 185 Epididymis, 626 Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors, 253 Esomeprazole, 399
Enterobius spp embryology of, 622 Ergot alkaloids Esophageal adenocarcinoma, 378
diseases association, 161 Epididymitis, 184, 654 coronary vasospasm, 248 Esophageal atresia, 359
infection routes, 158 Epidural hematomas, 513 Erlotinib, 442 Esophageal cancer, 378
Enterobius vermicularis, 159 Epidural space, 496 Erosions (gastrointestinal), 362, 379 achalasia and, 376
Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, Epigastric pain Errors (medical), 274 Esophageal dysmotility
350, 373 chronic mesenteric ischemia, 386 Erysipelas, 479 CREST syndrome, 473
Enterococci, 137 Ménétrier disease, 379 Streptococcus pyogenes, 136 Esophageal perforation, 377
penicillins for, 188 pancreatitis, 397 Erythema Esophageal strictures, 377
vancomycin, 190 Epigastric veins, 365 complicated hernias, 370 Esophageal varices, 365, 377
vancomycin-resistant (VRE), 137 Epiglottitis Kawasaki disease, 314 Esophageal webs, 418
Enterococcus spp Haemophilus influenzae, 142 Erythema marginatum, 312 Esophagitis, 377
UTIs, 181 unvaccinated children, 186 Erythema migrans bisphosphonates, 486
Enterococcus faecalis, 137 Epilepsy in Lyme disease, 146 drug reaction and, 249
Enterococcus faecium, 137 confidentiality exceptions for Erythema multiforme, 481 HIV-positive adults, 177
Enterocolitis patients with, 267 Coccidioidomycosis, 151 Esophagus
vitamin E excess, 70 gustatory hallucinations in, 559 Erythema nodosum, 151, 482 blood supply and innervation, 364
Enterocolitis (necrotizing), 386 hallucinations in, 559 inflammatory bowel disease, 382 diaphragm, 663
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli seizures, 517 Erythroblastosis fetalis, 405 histology of, 362
(EHEC), 132, 145, 178, 179 Epinephrine, 242 Erythrocytes, 407 pathologies of, 377
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli adrenal medulla secretion, 327 blood types, 405 portosystemic anastomosis, 365
(EIEC), 145, 179 glaucoma treatment, 552 casts in urine, 594 Essential amino acids, 81
Enterokinase/enteropeptidase, 373 glycogen regulation by, 85 Coombs test, 423 Essential fructosuria, 80
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli pheochromocytoma secretion, DAF deficiency and, 107 Essential hypertension, 316
(EPEC), 145 350 erythropoietin and, 589 Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia,
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli unopposed secretion of, 346 glucose usage by, 334 173
(ETEC), 132, 179 vitamin B and, 67 hereditary spherocytosis, 422 Essential thrombocythemia, 433
6
Enterovirus meningitis, 179, 180 Epineurium, 495 myeloproliferative disorders, 433 Essential tremor, 519
Entorhinal cortex, 499 Epiphysis transfusion of, 429 Esters (local anesthetics), 550
Enuresis estrogen effects on, 459 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Estrogen, 656
characteristics/treatment, 568 slipped capital femoral, 461, 463 (ESR), 214 androgen insensitivity syndrome,
sleep stages and, 497 tumors in, 464 subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, 639
TCA use for, 575 widening of, 463 341 androgen conversion to, 636
Envelopes (viral), 163 Episcleritis Erythrocytosis, 407 benign breast tumors, 649
env gene, 175 inflammatory bowel disease, 382 oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation bone formation, 459
Enzalutamide, 658 Epispadias, 624 curve, 666 epiphyseal plate closure, 636
Enzyme kinetics, 230 Epistaxis, 671 Erythrogenic toxin, 136 gynecomastia, 649
antagonists, 234 hereditary hemorrhagic Erythromelalgia, 433 menopause, 636
partial agonists, 234 telangiectasia, 316 Erythromycin menstrual cycle, 632
Enzymes Epithelial cell junctions, 474 macrolides, 193 osteoporosis, 462
glycolysis regulation, 76 Epithelial cells prophylaxis, 198 ovulation, 631
lipid transport and, 91, 92 tumor nomenclature of, 220 protein synthesis inhibition, 191 premature ovarian failure, 636, 645
rate-determining, 73 Epithelial histology (female), 626 reactions to, 249 prolactin suppression of, 330
terminology for, 73 Epithelial hyperplasia, 649 erythroplasia of Queyrat, 651 signaling pathways for, 337
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar Eplerenone, 609 Erythropoiesis, 679 source and function of, 630
special culture, 126 Epley maneuver, 534 fetal, 404 Turner syndrome, 638
Eosinopenia, 424 Epoetin alfa (EPO analog), 121 Erythropoietin (EPO), 121 Estrogen receptor modulators
Eosinophilia Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) anemia of chronic disease, 421 (selective), 656
Aspergillus fumigatus, 153 aplastic anemia, 421 aplastic anemia, 421 Eszopiclone, 546
Chlamydia trachomatis, 149 Burkitt lymphoma, 430 high altitude, 670 Etanercept, 487
drug reaction and, 250 false-positive VDRL, 148 with pheochromocytoma, 350 Ethacrynic acid, 608
macrolides, 193 hairy leukoplakia and, 479 polycythemia and, 228 Ethambutol, 196, 197







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 767 11/21/19 12:27 PM

768 INDEX INDEX




Ethanol External oblique muscle Fallopian tubes Federation of State Medical Boards
as carcinogen, 225 inguinal canal and, 369 anatomy, 625 (FSMB), 2
gluconeogenesis and, 72 External rotation epithelial histology, 626 Fed state, 76, 91
lactic acidosis and, 72 arm (rotator cuff), 446 fertilization, 633 Fee for service, 271
metabolism, 72, 232 hip, 451 False-negative rate, 257 Felty syndrome, 466
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine External spermatic fascia, 369 False-positive rate, 257 Female genital embryology, 622
dinucleotide phosphate), 72 Extinction (conditioning), 554 Famciclovir, 201 Female/male genital homologs, 623
zero-order elimination, 232 Extracellular fluid (ECF) Familial adenomatous polyposis, 387 Female reproductive anatomy, 625
Ethics, 265–268 volume measurement, 581 APC gene and, 389 Female reproductive epithelial
confidentiality, 267 volume regulation, 588 chromosome association, 64 histology, 626
consent, 265 Extragonadal germ cell tumors, 652 Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy, Femoral artery, 368
core principles of, 265–267 Extramammary Paget disease, 644 212 Femoral head
directives, 268 Extraperitoneal tissue, 369 Familial amyloid polyneuropathies, osteonecrosis, 463
religious beliefs and, 269 Extravascular hemolysis, 421 212 Femoral hernia, 370
situations in, 268–269, 269–270 Extrinsic hemolytic anemia, 423 Familial dyslipidemias, 94 Femoral nerve, 452
Ethinyl estradiol, 656, 657 Extrinsic pathway, 208 Familial hypercholesterolemia, 60, 94 Femoral region, 368
Ethosuximide warfarin and, 436, 437 Familial hypocalciuric Femoral sheath, 368
absence seizures, 544 Exudate hypercalcemia, 345 Femoral triangle, 368
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), “anchovy paste,” 155 Family discussions, 268 Femoral vein, 368
419 Ex vacuo ventriculomegaly, 522 Family therapy Fenestrated capillaries, 496, 581
Ethylene glycol Eye movements, 540 separation anxiety, 557 Fenofibrate, 320
toxicity treatment, 248 bilateral, 543 Famotidine, 399 Fenoldopam, 242, 318
Ethylene oxide, 204 cranial nerve palsies, 541 Fanconi anemia, 421 Fentanyl, 551
Etonogestrel, 657 with stroke, 515 DNA repair in, 40 Ferritin, 213
Etoposide/teniposide, 442 Eyes nonhomologous end joining and, 40 anemia of chronic disease, 421
targets of, 438 anatomy of, 534 Fanconi syndrome, 586 iron deficiency anemia, 418
teniposide, 38 aqueous humor pathway, 535 drug reaction and, 251 lab values in anemia, 419
Euchromatin, 34 Ezetimibe, 320 renal tubular acidosis, 593 sideroblastic anemia, 419
Eukaryotes diarrhea, 249 Fascia Ferrochelatase, 425
DNA replication, 38 collagen in, 50 Fertility
functional gene organization, 41 F Fascia of Buck, 627 double Y males, 638
mRNA start codons, 44 Fab region of antibodies, 104 Fasciculations, 529 GnRH and, 328
ribosomes in, 45 Fabry disease, 61 Fastigial nucleus, 499 menstrual cycle, 632
RNA polymerase in, 42 Facial nerve (Bell) palsy, 146, 186 Fasting plasma glucose test, 346 Fertilization, 631, 633
RNA processing, 41 Facial nerve (CN VII), 146, 186 Fasting state, 76, 91 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 300, 614,
Eukaryotic initiation factors, 45 functions of, 506 Fat emboli, 672 615
Eukaryotic release factors, 45 inflammatory demyelinating Fatigue holoprosencephaly in, 491
Eustachian tubes polyradiculopathy, 524 adrenal insufficiency, 349 Fetal circulation, 282
embryonic derivation, 621 lesions of, 532 heart failure and, 309 Fetal development
Eversion, 453 pharyngeal arch derivation, 620 MI signs, 305 early, 612
Evolucumab, 320 tongue, 493 Fatigue, medical errors and, 274 placental component, 617
Ewing sarcoma, 465 Facies Fetal erythropoiesis, 404
dactinomycin for, 439 congenital syphilis, 147 Fat necrosis, 209, 649 Fetal hypothyroidism, 341
Exanthem subitum, 165 elfin, 64 Fat redistribution, 250 Fetal lung maturity, 661
“Excision” event, 130 epicanthal folds, 63, 64 Fat-soluble vitamins, 65 Fetal movement, 612
Excitatory pathway, 500 “facial plethora,” 685 Fatty acids Fetal-postnatal derivatives, 282
Exclusive provider organization plan, in fetal alcohol syndrome, 615 gluconeogenesis, 78 Fetal respiration, 660
271 flat, 63 metabolism of, 72, 89, 90 Fetal tissue
Executioner caspases, 208 leonine (lion-like), 141 oxidation of, 72, 73 collagen in, 50
Exemestane, 656 long face with a large jaw, 62 synthesis, 73 Fever
Exenatide, 353 risus sardonicus, 138 Fatty acid synthase, 67 amphotericin B, 199
Exercise twisted face, 578 Fatty casts, 594 childhood rashes, 183
blood flow autoregulation, 297 Factitious disorder Fatty liver disease clindamycin, 192
peripheral resistance, 286 characteristics of, 566 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 392 complicated hernias, 370
respiratory response, 670 on another, 566 nonalcoholic, 391 endotoxins, 131
syncope with, 308 on self, 566 Fc region of antibodies, 104 epiglottitis, 186
Tetralogy of Fallot, 298 Factor IX concentrate, 426 Fear exotoxins, 133
Exercise-induced amenorrhea, 645 Factor VIII concentrate, 426 anxiety disorder and, 562 genital herpes, 184
Exocrine glands, 236 Factor V Leiden, 413, 428 panic disorder and, 563 vs heat stroke, 517
Exocytosis, 50 venous sinus thrombosis and, 503 Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion high fever, 165, 168, 171, 183
Exogenous corticosteroids, 336 Factor Xa reaction, 114 with inflammation, 213
Exons direct inhibitors of, 437 Febrile pharyngitis, 164 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, 148
deletions in muscular dystrophies, heparin effect on, 436 Febrile seizures, 517 Legionnaires’ disease, 143
61 inhibitors of, 413 Febuxostat low-grade, 143, 171
vs introns, 43 Factor XI concentrate, 426 gout, 487 malaria, 157
Exotoxins Facultative anaerobes Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37 with meningococci, 142
features of, 131 culture requirements, 127 Fecal elastase, 381 mononucleosis, 165
organisms with, 132–133 Facultative intracellular organisms, 127 Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), neuroleptic malignant syndrome,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 132 FADH (flavin adenine dinucleotide), 388 569
Streptococcus pyogenes, 133 77 Fecalith obstruction, 383 pulmonary anthrax, 137
Expectorants, 686 Failure mode and effects analysis, 274 Fecal microbiota transplant, 138 recurring, 156
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV), 664 Failure to thrive, 556 Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), Rickettsia rickettsii, 150
Extension galactosemia, 80 388 Salmonella spp, 149
hip, 451, 453 orotic aciduria, 420 Fecal retention, 558 Salmonella typhi, 144
External hemorrhoids, 366 SCID, 117 Feces seizures with, 165
External iliac lymph nodes, 624 Falciform ligament, 361 explosive expulsion of, 384 spiking, 158







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 768 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 769




Tetralogy of Fallot, 298 5α-reductase Foam cells FOXP3 protein, 102
thyroid storm causing, 342 deficiency, 622, 639 in atherosclerosis, 302 Fractures
toxic shock syndrome, 135 inhibitors for BPH, 654 Niemann-Pick disease, 88 bone diseases and, 51
Trichinella spiralis, 159 testosterone conversion, 636 Focal glomerular disorders, 594 chalk-stick, 463
tuberculosis, 140 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) Focal hepatic necrosis, 249 common pediatric, 462
undulant, 143 antimetabolites, 440 Focal necrotizing vasculitis, 315 compartment syndrome with, 461
vasculitides, 314 photosensitivity, 250 Focal neurological deficits humerus, 447
Waterhouse-Friderichsen pyrimidine synthesis and, 36 pituitary apoplexy, 339 in child abuse, 556
syndrome, 142 targets of, 438 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, pathologic, 465
Weil disease, 147 thymidylate synthase, 36 597 scaphoid, 449
Fexofenadine, 686 5-HT 1B/1D agonists, 253 Focal seizures, 517 vertebral compression, 462
Fibrates, 320 5-HT agonists, 547 Folate antagonist Fragile X syndrome, 62
hepatitis and, 249 5-HT teratogenicity, 614 chromosome association, 64
myopathy and, 250 opioid effects, 551 Folate synthesis Frameshift mutations
Fibrinogen, 213 MAO inhibitor effect on, 575 inhibition/block, 194 deletions, 61
in cryoprecipitate, 429 trazodone effects, 576 Folic acid muscular dystrophy and, 61
ESR and, 214 vilazodone effects, 576 antimicrobials and, 187 Francisella spp
receptor for, 407 vortioxetine effects, 576 folate, 68 intracellular organism, 127
thrombocytes, 407 Fixation, 555 in pregnancy, 68 Francisella tularensis
Fibrinoid necrosis, 209 Fixed splitting, 289 neural tube defects and, 491 animal transmission, 149
Fibrinous pericarditis, 305 Flaccid paralysis Follicles (lymph), 96 Frataxin, 531
Fibroadenoma, 649 botulinum toxin, 138 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Free fatty acids
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) LMN lesion, 531 clomiphene effect, 656 fast/starvation states, 91
signaling pathways for, 337 motor neuron signs, 529 hCG and, 633 lipid transport and, 92
in wound healing, 216 Flagellin, 99 PCOS, 645 Free light chain (FLC) assay
Fibroblast growth factor receptor Flagellum, 124 premature ovarian failure, 636 plasma cell dyscrasias, 431
(FGFR3), 462 Flask-shaped ulcers, 155 secretion of, 327 Free nerve endings, 494
Fibroblasts Flat affect, 499 signaling pathways of, 337 Free radical injury, 210
cortisol and, 336 Flavin nucleotides, 75 Follicular conjunctivitis, 148 Fremitus (tactile), 680, 682
in wound healing, 216 Flaviviruses, 163, 167 Follicular cysts, 646 Fresh frozen plasma, 429
Fibrocystic breast disease, 649 Fleas (disease vectors), 149, 150 Follicular lymphomas, 430, 434 “Fried egg” cells, 494, 526
Fibro fog, 471 Flecainide, 322 Follicular phase (menstrual cycle), 632 Friedreich ataxia, 531
Fibroid (leiomyoma) Flexion Follicular thyroid carcinomas, 343 chromosome association, 64
leuprolide for, 656 foot, 453 Fomepizole hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 308
Fibromas, 647 hand, 450 ethanol metabolism and, 72 inheritance of, 60
nomenclature for, 220 hip, 451 toxicity treatment with, 248 mechanism of, 62
Fibromuscular dysplasia, 300, 604 Flexor digiti minimi muscle, 450 Food-borne illness, 178 Frontal bossing, 339
Fibromyalgia, 470, 471, 575 Flexor pollicis brevis muscle, 450 Food poisoning Frontal eye fields
Fibronectin Flies (disease vectors), 144, 159 Bacillus cereus, 138, 178 cortical functions, 501
in cryoprecipitate, 429 Floppy baby syndrome causes of, 178 lesions in, 511
thrombocytes, 407 Clostridium botulinum, 138 Staphylococcus aureus, 135, 178 Frontal lobe
Fibrosarcomas, 220 spinal cord lesions, 530 toxic shock syndrome toxin, 133 lesions in, 511
Fibrosis Flow volume loops, 673 Food toxins, 247 stroke effects, 514
diffusion-limited gas exchange, 668 Fluconazole, 151 Foot drop, 453 Frontotemporal dementia, 520
silicosis, 677 Cryptococcus neoformans, 153 lead poisoning, 419 Fructokinase, 80
Fibrous plaque in atherosclerosis, 302 mechanism and use, 199 Foramen cecum, 326 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, 73
Fick principle, 285 opportunistic fungal infections, Foramen of Magendie, 504 gluconeogenesis, 78
Fidaxomicin 153 Foramen of Monro, 504 in metabolic pathways, 74
Clostridium difficile, 138 Flucytosine, 199 Foramen ovale Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, 76
Fifth disease Cryptococcus neoformans, 153 atrial septal defect, 299 Fructose intolerance, 80
rash, 183 Fludrocortisone, 354 embryology, 280 Fructose metabolism
50S inhibitors, 191 Fluid compartments, 581 fetal circulation, 282 disorders, 80
Filgrastim (G-CSF), 121 Flumazenil retained patency of, 298 pathways, 74
Filoviruses benzodiazepine overdose, 248, Foramen primum, 280 Fructosuria, 80
characteristics of, 167 546, 570 Foramen secundum, 280 FTA-ABS, 125, 147
negative-stranded, 168 nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 546 Foramina of Luschka, 504 Fumarate, 82
Filtration fraction Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 55 Forced expiratory volume (FEV) Functional hypothalamic
glomerular dynamics, 583 Fluorescent antibody stain obstructive lung disease, 674 amenorrhea, 645
Fimbria, 124 bacteria, 125 restrictive lung disease, 675 Functional neurologic symptom
Financial considerations in treatment, Fluoroquinolones, 38 Forebrain, 490 disorder, 566
269 mechanism and use, 195 Foregut Functional residual capacity (FRC),
Finasteride, 658 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 150 blood supply/innervation of, 364 664
gynecomastia with, 649 pregnancy contraindication, 204 development of, 358 Fungal infections
reproductive hormones and, 636 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Foreign body inhalation, 663 IL-12 receptor deficiency, 116
Finger agnosia, 511 tendon/cartilage damage with, 250 Formoterol, 687 infections with
Finger drop, 447 TOP II (DNA gyrase) and TOP IV Fornix (uterus), 625 immunodeficiencies, 118
Finger movements, 450 inhibition in prokaryotes, 45,XO, 638 Fungi
upper extremity nerve injury, 447 38 47,XXY, 638 culture requirements, 126
Fingernails, 478 typhoid fever, 144 46,XX/46,XY DSD, 639 immunocompromised patients,
Finkelstein test, 461 Fluoxetine, 575 Fosamprenavir 179
First-degree AV block, 295 Fluphenazine, 573 HIV-positive adults, 203 necrosis and, 209
First-order elimination, 231, 232 Tourette syndrome, 572 Foscarnet, 202 opportunistic infections, 153
Fish oil, 320 Flutamide, 658 Fosphenytoin, 544 silver stain, 125
Fishy smell, 148 Fluticasone, 687 Fossa ovalis, 282 topical infections, 199
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, 142, 185 Fluvoxamine, 575 Fovea Funny current, 292
5-aminosalicylic drugs, 382, 400 FMR1 gene, 62 cherry-red spot, 538 “funny” sodium channels, 324







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 769 11/21/19 12:27 PM

770 INDEX INDEX




Furosemide, 252, 608 Gangrenous necrosis, 209 Gastroschisis, 358 Germ cell tumors
gout with, 250 Gap junctions, 474 Gastrosplenic ligament, 361 cryptorchidism risk for, 651
pancreatitis, 249 Gardener’s pupil, 241 Gastrulation, 612 hormone levels in, 653
Fusion inhibitors, 203 Gardnerella vaginalis, 148 Gaucher disease, 88 testicular, 652
Fusion protein EWS-FLI1, 465 Gardner syndrome, 387 osteonecrosis, 463 Germinal centers of lymph nodes, 96
Fusobacterium spp Gargoylism, 88 osteonecrosis in, 463 Germinal center (spleen), 98
alcoholism, 179 Gas gangrene Gaussian distribution, 262 Gerstmann syndrome, 511
anaerobic metabolism of, 127 alpha toxin, 133 G cells, 371 Gestational age calculation, 633
Clostridium perfringens, 138, 179 Gemfibrozil, 320 Gestational diabetes, 634
G Gastrectomy, 420 Gemifloxacin, 195 Gestational hypertension, 643
G6PD Gastric acid, 372 Gender dysphoria, 567 GFAP (glial fibrillary acid proteins),
deficiency, 61, 79 histamine receptors and, 238 Gender identity, 635 48, 227
HMP shunt and, 73 regulatory substances and, 371 Gene expression astrocyte marker, 493
in respiratory burst, 109 Gastric arteries modifications, 56 cytoskeletal elements, 48
G6PD deficiency, 422 celiac trunk, 364 regulation, 41 stain, 227
GABA intraligmental, 361 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Ghrelin, 336, 371
anesthesia effects, 550 Gastric bypass surgery 563 Giant cells
barbiturate effects, 546 ghrelin and, 371 buspirone, 574 with Aschoff bodies, 312
basal ganglia and, 500 vitamin B deficiency, 69 drug therapy for, 572 astrocytomas, 525
12
benzodiazepine effects, 546 Gastric cancer, 379 Selective serotonin reuptake Warthin-Finkeldey, 170
changes with disease, 495 carcinogens causing, 225 inhibitors (SSRIs) for, 575 Giant cell (temporal) arteritis, 314,
epilepsy drugs, 544 Helicobacter pylori, 146 serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake 518
Huntington disease, 520 oncogenes and, 224 inhibitors (SNRIs) for, 575 polymyalgia rheumatica, 470
vitamin B and, 67 oncogenic microbes and, 226 Generalized seizures, 517 Giant cell tumor, 464
6
Gabapentin, 544 sign of Leser-Trélat and, 228 Genes Giardia spp
GABA receptor agonists, 523, 551 trastuzumab for, 443 introns vs exons, 42, 43 fluorescent antibody stain, 125
B
gag gene, 175 types of, 379 Genetics, 56–65 watery diarrhea, 179
Gag reflex, 507 Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), anticipation, 62 Giardia lamblia, 155
Gait disorders 351 autosomal dominant diseases, 60 Giardiasis, 155
“steppage,” 453 Gastric outlet obstruction, 359, autosomal recessive diseases, 60 Giemsa stain, 125
Trendelenburg sign/gait, 453 380 autosomal trisomies, 63 Borrelia, 146
Gait disturbance Gastric sclerosis, 473 bacterial, 130–204, 131 chlamydiae, 148
cerebellar lesions and, 499 Gastric ulcers, 380 chromosome disorders, 64 Gigantism, 329, 339
Friedreich ataxia, 531 NSAID toxicity, 486 code features, 37 Gilbert syndrome, 393, 394
Parkinson disease, 520 Gastric vessels, 361 inheritance modes, 59 Gingival hyperplasia
vitamin B deficiency, 530 Gastrin, 371, 373 muscular dystrophies, 61 calcium channel blockers, 318
12
waddling, 61 signaling pathways for, 337 terms, 56–57 cyclosporine, 120
Galactocerebrosidase, 88 somatostatinomas and, 351 trinucleotide repeat expansion drug reaction and, 250
Galactocerebroside, 88 Gastrinomas, 354, 371 diseases, 62 Gingivostomatitis, 164
Galactokinase deficiency, 80 Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), 371 viral, 162–163 Gitelman syndrome, 586
cataracts and, 535 Gastritis, 146, 379 X-linked recessive disorders, 61 markers in, 591
Galactorrhea gastrin in, 371 Geniculate nuclei (thalamus), 498 Glans penis
antipsychotic drugs and, 328 H blockers for, 399 Genital herpes, 184 lymphatic drainage of, 624
2
pituitary prolactinomas, 328 proton pump inhibitors for, 399 Genitalia Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 427
tuberoinfundibular pathway, stomach cancer and, 379 ambiguous, 622, 638, 639 Glaucoma, 242
499 Gastrocolic ligament, 361 embryology of, 612, 622 atropine, 241
Galactose-1-phosphate Gastroenteritis estrogen and, 630 β-blockers for, 245
uridyltransferase, 80 caliciviruses, 167 male/female homologs, 623 carbachol for, 240
Galactose metabolism Listeria monocytogenes, 139 Genital tubercles, 624 closed-angle, 240
disorders of, 80 rotavirus, 168 Genital ulcers, 184 diabetes mellitus and, 346
Galactosemia, 80 Salmonella spp, 144 Genital warts, 184 diagnosis of, 240
cataracts and, 535 Gastroepiploic arteries, 361, 364 Genitofemoral nerve, 452 epinephrine for, 242
Galantamine, 240, 549 Gastroesophageal reflux disease Genitourinary/renal drug reactions, open-angle, 240, 242
Galant reflex, 510 (GERD) 251 pilocarpine for, 240
Gallbladder Barrett esophagus, 378 Genome editing types of, 536
biliary structures, 368 esophageal cancer and, 378 reverse transcriptase polymerase Glioblastoma multiforme, 526
blood supply and innervation of, presentation, 377 chain reaction, 52 nitrosoureas for, 441
364 Gastrohepatic ligament, 361 Genotyping microarrays, 54 Glipizide, 353
regulatory substances, 371 Gastrointestinal bleeding Gentamicin, 191 Glitazones/thiazolidinediones, 353
Gallbladder cancer hereditary hemorrhagic Genu varum (bow legs), 463 Global aphasia, 516
porcelain gallbladder and, 397 telangiectasia, 316 Geriatric patients Global payment, 271
sclerosing cholangitis and, 395 Gastrointestinal drug reactions, 249 atropine in, 241 Globoid cells
Gallstone ileus, 396 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Beers criteria in, 247 Krabbe disease, 88
γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (GISTs), 224 changes in, 270 Globose nucleus, 499
alcohol use, 570 Gastrointestinal system colonic ischemia and, 386 Globus pallidus externus, 500
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), anatomy, 360–369 colorectal cancer, 388 Glomerular disorders/disease
390 blood supply to, 363 common cause of death, 272 etiology and presentation, 594
γ-interferon, 407 embryology, 358–359 drug-related delirium in, 558, 575 nomenclature, 594
Ganciclovir, 202 innervation of, 364 lipofuscin in, 211 types of, 595
agranulocytosis, 250 ligaments, 361 Medicare for, 272 Glomerular filtration barrier, 581
Ganglion cyst, 461 pathology, 376–397 nosocomial infections, 185 Glomerular filtration parameters,
Ganglioneuromatosis pharmacology, 398–400 osteoporosis, 462 583
oral/intestinal, 351 physiology, 371–375 PPI adverse effects, 399 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 582
Gangrene regulatory substances, 371 respiratory system changes in, 665 ACE inhibitor effects, 610
Buerger disease, 314 secretory cells, 373 vascular skin tumors, 478 glomerular dynamics in, 583
diabetes mellitus, 346 secretory products, 372 Zenker diverticulum, 384 juxtaglomerular apparatus, 589







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 770 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 771




Glomerulonephritis Glucosuria Gonorrhea hyperthyroidism, 342
azathioprine for, 120 glucose clearance, 584 ceftriaxone, 189 ophthalmopathy, 340
bacterial endocarditis, 311 threshold for, 584 gonococci, 142 thyroid cellular action in, 331
RBC casts in, 594 Glucuronidation STI, 184 type II hypersensitivity, 112
Streptococcus pyogenes, 133, 136 drug metabolism, 232 Goodpasture syndrome, 50, 596 Gray baby syndrome, 192, 204, 250
Wegener granulomatosis, 315 Glulisine, 352 autoantibody, 115 Gray hepatization, 683
Glomerulus Glutamic acid HLA-DR2, 100 Grazoprevir, 204
dynamics of, 583 ammonia transport, 82 restrictive lung disease, 675 Greater omental sac, 361
Glomus tumors, 478 classification of, 81 type II hypersensitivity reactions, 112 Great vein of Galen, 503
Glossitis opioid analgesics and, 551 Good syndrome Green twig (greenstick) fracture,
B-complex deficiency, 65 Glutathione paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 462
megaloblastic anemia, 420 acetaminophen and, 485 thymoma and, 98 Grief, 562
vitamin B deficiency, 67 in G6PD deficiency, 422 Goserelin, 656 Griseofulvin, 200
3
vitamin B deficiency, 68 Glutathione peroxidase, 109 Gottron papules, 228, 471 cytochrome P-450 interaction,
9
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), 506 free radical elimination by, 210 Gout, 467 252
blood flow regulation, 296 Glutathione reductase, 109 drug reaction and, 250 microtubules and, 48
pharyngeal arch derivative, 620 NADPH and, 75 drug therapy for, 487 pregnancy contraindication, 204
tongue, 493 Gluten-sensitive enteropathy, 381 kidney stones and, 598 “Ground-glass” appearance (X-ray),
Glossoptosis, 620 Gluteus maximus muscle, 453 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37 177, 661
Glove and stocking neuropathy, 346 Gluteus minimus muscle, 451 loop diuretics and, 608 Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154
GLP-1 analogs, 353 GLUT transporters, 334 Von Gierke disease, 87 Growth factors
Glucagon, 333 Glyburide, 353 Gower maneuver/sign, 61 tumor suppressor gene mutations
for β-blocker toxicity, 323 Glycerol gp41, 203 and, 46
fructose bisphosphatase-2, 76 starvation days and, 91 G-protein-coupled receptors, 236 Growth hormone (GH), 354
glucagonomas and, 351 Glycogen G-protein-linked 2nd messengers, 238 diabetes mellitus, 346
glycogen regulation, 85 metabolism and storage, 73, 86 Gracilis, 452 ghrelin and, 336
insulin and, 333, 334 Glycogenesis, 73 Graft-versus-host disease, 119 for hypopituitarism, 339
production of, 331 Glycogenolysis type IV hypersensitivity, 113 insulin resistance and, 329
somatostatin and, 371 rate-determining enzyme for, 73 Gram-negative organisms secretion of, 327
somatostatinomas and, 351 thyroid hormone and, 331 cell wall structure, 124 signaling pathways for, 337
Glucagonomas Glycogen storage diseases, 87 cephalosporins, 189 somatostatin, 339
MEN 1 syndrome, 351 Glycogen synthase, 73, 86 lab algorithm, 141 Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
pancreatic cell tumor, 351 Glycolysis Gram-positive organisms (GHRH)
somatostatin for, 354 arsenic and, 74 antibiotic tests, 134 function of, 328
Glucocerebrosidase hexokinase/glucokinase in, 75 cell wall structure, 124 Growth media properties, 126
Gaucher disease, 88 metabolic site, 72 cephalosporins, 189 Growth retardation
Glucocerebroside pyruvate metabolism and, 77 lab algorithm, 134 with renal failure, 603
in sphingolipidoses, 88 rate-determining enzyme for, 73 vancomycin, 190 GTPase, 224
Glucocorticoids regulation of, 76 Gram stain GTP (guanosine triphosphate), 77
adrenal insufficiency, 349 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, peptidoglycan layer and, 125 Guaifenesin, 686
calcium pyrophosphate deposition 438 Granular casts Guanfacine, 240, 243
disease, 467 Glycoproteins acute tubular necrosis, 602 Guanosine analogs
diabetes mellitus, 346 bacterial pilus/fimbria, 124 “muddy brown” in urine, 594 mechanism and use, 201
fat redistribution with, 250 HIV, 175 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor Gubernaculum, 624, 625
gout, 467, 487 Glycopyrrolate, 241 (G-CSF), 337 Guessing during USMLE Step 1
immunosuppression, 120 Glycosylation Granulocytes exam, 23
myopathy, 250 collagen synthesis, 50 morulae, 150 Guillain-Barré syndrome
rheumatoid arthritis, 466 protein synthesis, 45 Granulocytopenia acute inflammatory demyelinating
Glucokinase GNAQ gene, 525 trimethoprim, 194 polyradiculopathy, 524
hexokinase vs, 75 Goblet cells, 362, 662 Granuloma inguinale, 184 Campylobacter jejuni, 145
metabolic pathways, 74 Goiter Granulomas, 147 restrictive lung disease, 675
Gluconeogenesis maternal hypothyroidism from, macrophages and, 407 Schwann cell injury, 494
cortisol and, 336 341 in systemic mycoses, 151 Schwann cells, 524
ethanol metabolism and, 72 maternal iodine deficiency, 614 TNF-α and, 110 Gummas
irreversible enzymes, 78 in Riedel thyroiditis, 341 in tuberculosis, 140 syphilis, 147, 184
metabolic site, 72 types and causes of, 342 Granulomatosis infantiseptica Gustatory hallucinations, 559
pyruvate metabolism and, 77 Golfer’s elbow, 459 Listeria monocytogenes, 139 Gustatory pathway
rate-determining enzyme for, 73 Golgi apparatus Granulomatosis with polyangiitis cranial nerves in, 532
thyroid hormone and, 331 in plasma cells, 409 (Wegener) thalamic relay for, 498
Glucose Golgi tendon organ, 458 restrictive lung disease and, 675 Guyon canal syndrome, 459
ATP production, 74 Golimumab, 487 Granulomatous disease Gynecologic procedures
blood-brain barrier and, 496 Gonadal drainage, 624 catalase + organism infections ureteric damage in, 581
clearance, 584 Gonadal mosaicism, 57 with, 128 Gynecologic tumor epidemiology,
glycogen metabolism, 86 Gonadotropin, 646 excess vitamin D in, 70 643
insulin and, 334 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone hypervitaminosis D with, 464 Gynecomastia, 649
metabolism of, 40 (GnRH) Granulomatous inflammation, 217 antiandrogens for, 658
for porphyria, 425 function of, 328 Granulosa cells azoles, 199
transporters, 334 neurons producing, 498 tumors of, 647 cimetidine, 399
Glucose-6-phosphatase ovulation, 631 Granzyme B SHBG and, 337
dehydrogenase deficiency, 79 prolactin and, 330 cytotoxic T cells, 101, 102 spironolactone, 658
gluconeogenesis, 78 signaling pathways for, 337 extrinsic pathway and, 208 tuberoinfundibular pathway, 499
HMP shunt, 79 spermatogenesis, 628 Grapefruit juice and cytochrome
Von Gierke disease, 87 Gonads P-450, 252 H
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic dysgenesis of, 606 Graves disease H blockers, 251, 686
1
peptide (GIP), 351, 371, 372 Gonococcal arthritis, 468 autoantibody, 115 H 2
polypeptide (GIP), 334 Gonococci, vs meningococci, 142 HLA subtype associations, 100 production in tissues, 127






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 771 11/21/19 12:27 PM

772 INDEX INDEX




H blockers, 399 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 341 Heart failure, 309 Hemangioblastomas, 526
2
H O degradation autoantibody, 115 ACE inhibitors for, 610 Hemangiomas, 220
2
2
catalase and, 128 HLA subtype association, 100 acromegaly, 339 cavernous (liver), 392
H -antagonist Hassall corpuscles, 98 amiodarone, 323 pyogenic granuloma, 478
2
naming conventions for, 254 Hay fever angiotensin II receptor blockers, 610 strawberry, 478
Haemophilus ducreyi association, 100 aortic regurgitation as precursor, Hemarthroses
sexual transmission, 184 HbA test, 346 291 hemophilias, 426
1c
Haemophilus influenzae, 142 HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen), 174 atrial septal defect, 299 Vitamin C deficiency, 69
biofilm production, 128 HbC disease, 422 β-blockers for, 245 Hematemesis, 377
cephalosporins, 189 target cells in, 415 B-type natriuretic peptide in, 296 Hematin, 126, 142
chloramphenicol, 192 HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen), calcium channel blockers, 324 Hematochezia
culture requirements, 126 174 cardiac glycosides for, 321 diverticulosis, 383
encapsulation, 127 HDL (high-density lipoprotein), 94 chronic ischemic heart disease, 304 intestinal disorders, 386
IgA protease, 129 Headaches, 518 contractility in, 284 Meckel diverticulum, 384, 618
influenza, 169 adverse effects with drugs, 195, diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Hematocrit
meningitis, 179, 180 199, 200 disopyramide, 322 polycythemia vera, 433
penicillins for, 188 α-blockers, 244 dobutamine for, 242 Hematologic abnormalities
pneumonia, 179 bupropion toxicity, 576 dopamine for, 242 laboratory techniques for, 54
postviral infection, 179 caffeine withdrawal, 570 Ebstein anomaly, 298 Hematologic disorders
rifamycins, 196 Chiari I malformation, 492 ESR in, 214 paraneoplastic syndromes, 228
transformation, 130 cimetidine, 399 fludrocortisone and, 354 Hematologic drug reactions, 250
type b conjugate vaccine, 127 drug adverse effects, 546 hypertension, 300, 316 Hematology/oncology
unvaccinated children, 186 electroconvulsive therapy, 562 in sleep apnea, 679 anatomy, 406–409
vaccine, 142, 180 genital herpes, 184 jugular venous pulse in, 287 pathology, 414–434
Hair giant cell (temporal) arteritis, 518 left heart, 309 pharmacology, 435–443
“kinky,” 51 glaucoma, 536 Paget disease of bone, 463 physiology, 410–413
Menkes disease, 51 hydralazine, 318 potassium-sparing diuretics, 609 Hematopoiesis, 406, 432
vitamin C deficiency, 69 increased intracranial pressure, 521 readmissions with, 272 Hematopoietic stem cells, 110
Hairy cell leukemia, 227, 432 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, 148 right heart, 309 Hematuria, 595
cladribine for, 440 lead poisoning, 425 shock caused by, 310 bladder cancer, 606
Hairy leukoplakia, 479 malaria, 157 thiazides for, 609 hereditary hemorrhagic
HIV-positive adults, 177 Mucor spp and Rhizopus spp, 153 ventricular septal defect, 299 telangiectasia, 316
Half-life equation, 231 nitrates, 318 Heart murmurs, 291 interstitial nephritis, 601
Halitosis ondansetron, 400 cardiomyopathies, 308 kidney stones, 598
fetor hepaticus, 389 pituitary apoplexy, 339 patent ductus arteriosus, 299 protease inhibitors, 203
Zenker diverticulum, 384 ranolazine, 319 Heart rate, 243 renal cyst disorders, 604
Hallucinations, 559 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 150 Heart sounds, 287 renal oncocytoma and, 605
cocaine, 571 sodium-channel blockers, 322 cardiac cycle, 287 renal papillary necrosis, 602–610
delirium, 558 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 513, cardiac tamponade, 310 Schistosoma haematobium, 161
mesolimbic pathway, 499 516 splitting in, 289 transitional cell carcinoma, 606
pellagra, 67 triptans for, 547 Heart transplant UTIs, 181
postpartum psychosis, 562 vasculitides, 314 dilated cardiomyopathy, 308 Wegener granulomatosis, 315
tricyclic antidepressants, 575 venous sinus thrombosis and, 503 Heart valve development, 281 Wilms tumor, 606
Hallucinogen intoxication and Head and neck cancer, 671 Heat-labile toxin (LT) Heme
withdrawal, 571 cetuximab for, 442 Clostridium botulinum, 138 bilirubin and, 375
Haloperidol, 573 Head size Clostridium perfringens, 138 chloroquine, 200
–
torsades de pointes, 294 Paget disease of bone, 463 Cl secretion in gut, 132 porphyria and, 425
Halothane, 550 Healing, wound, 216 Heat shock proteins, 45 synthesis of, 425
hepatic necrosis, 249 Healthcare delivery, 270–273 Heat-stable toxin (ST) vitamin B and, 67
6
Hamartin protein, 224, 525 Healthcare payment models, 271 resorption of NaCl and H 0 in Hemianopia, 515, 542
2
Hamartomas, 220, 525 Healthcare proxy, 269 gut, 132 Hemiballismus, 519
Hamartomatous colonic polyps, 387 Health maintenance organization Heat stroke, 517 brain lesions and, 511
Hamate bone, 449 plan, 271 Heavy menstrual bleeding (AUB/ Hemidesmosome, 474, 480
fracture of hook, 447 Hearing loss, 533 HMB), 633 Hemineglect, 514
Hamman sign crepitus, 672 conductive, 49 Heel pain, 461 Hemiparesis
Hammer toes, 531 cytomegalovirus, 182 Heinz bodies, 79, 414, 416, 422 saccular aneurysms, 516
Hand osteogenesis imperfecta, 51 Helicase, 38 Hemochromatosis, 395
distortions of, 451 Paget disease of bone, 463 Helicobacter pylori, 146 calcium pyrophosphate deposition
injuries of, 459 sensorineural deafness, 596 as oncogenic microbe, 226 disease, 467
muscles of, 450 Heart disease association, 379 cardiomyopathy with, 308
squamous cell carcinoma, 484 autoregulation of, 297 metronidazole, 195 chromosome association, 64
Hand-foot-mouth disease, 183 electrocardiograms, 293 penicillins for, 188 chronic, 426
Hansen disease, 141 embryology, 281 silver stain, 125 free radical injury, 210
animal transmission, 149 fetal development, 612 urease-positive, 127 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 392
dapsone, 194 ischemia in, 210 Heliotrope rash, 228 HLA-A3 and, 100
erythema nodosum, 482 morphogenesis of, 280–281 HELLP syndrome, 643 Hemoglobin, 665
Hantavirus, 167 myocardial action potential, 292 “Helmet cells,” 423 carbon dioxide transport, 670
Haptens normal pressures in, 297 Helminthic infections development of, 404
acute interstitial nephritis, 601 sclerosis of, 473 eosinophils and, 408 kinetics of, 230
amiodarone as, 323 Heartburn, 377 Helper T cells Hemoglobin electrophoresis, 410
Haptoglobin, 421 Heart disease cell surface proteins, 110 Hemoglobinuria
Hardy-Weinberg population genetics, congenital, 63, 298–299 cytokine secretion, 108 acute tubular necrosis and, 602
57 death, common causes by age, 272 Hemagglutinin G6PD deficiency, 422
Hartnup disease, 67 Fabry disease, 88 influenza viruses, 169 intravascular hemolysis, 421
vitamin B deficiency, 67 ischemic, 304 parainfluenza viruses, 170 paroxysmal nocturnal, 122
3







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 772 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 773




Hemolysis osteoporosis, 250 leishmaniasis, 158 Hexokinase
alpha toxin, 133 thrombocytopenia, 250 lysosomal storage diseases, 88 glucokinase vs, 75
Clostridium perfringens, 138 toxicity treatment, 248 mononucleosis, 165 metabolic pathways, 74
G6PD deficiency, 250 warfarin vs, 436, 437 TORCH infections, 182 “HF” cells (lungs), 309
HELLP syndrome, 643 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Hepatosteatosis, 72 HFE gene
sulfonamides, 194 (HIT), 436 Hepatotoxicity hemochromatosis and, 395
Hemolytic anemia, 421 Hepatic adenomas, 392 amiodarone, 323 HGPRT (hypoxanthine guanine
autoimmune, 189 Hepatic arteries, 364, 367 bosentan, 686 phosphoribosyltransferase),
babesiosis, 157 Hepatic ascites, 609 danazol, 658 37, 440
cephalosporins, 189 Hepatic ducts, 368 inhaled anesthetics, 550 Hiatal hernias, 370
direct Coombs-positive, 250 Hepatic encephalopathy, 391 isoniazid, 197 Hiccups, 519
extrinsic, 421, 423 Hepatic fibrosis, 367 leflunomide, 486 High altitude respiratory response, 670
folate deficiency and, 420 Hepatic lipase, 93 methotrexate, 440 High-frequency recombination (Hfr)
G6PD deficiency, 79 Hepatic necrosis, 249, 485 pyrazinamide, 197 cells, 130
intrinsic, 421, 422 Hepatic steatosis, 391 rifamycins, 196 Highly active antiretroviral therapy
penicillin G, V, 187 Hepatitis terbinafine, 199 (HAART), 203
pyruvate kinase deficiency and, 422 alcoholic, 391, 571 thionamides, 354 High-riding prostate, 627
spherocytes in, 415 drug reaction and, 249 valproic acid, 544 Hilar lymph nodes
sulfa drug allergies, 252 heroin addiction and, 576 zileuton, 687 calcification of, 677
Wilson disease, 395 hyperbilirubinemia, 393 Hepcidin, 213 Hilar mass, 684
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Hepatitis A (HAV) in anemia of chronic disease, 421 Hilum (lung), 663
112, 405 characteristics of, 172 Hepeviruses lymphadenopathy, 675
Hemolytic reactions and blood types picornavirus, 167, 168 characteristics, 167 Hindbrain, 490
newborns, 405 serologic markers, 174 genomes, 163 Hindgut
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) Hepatitis antigens, 174 naked viruses, 163 blood supply/innervation of, 364
Escherichia coli, 145, 179 Hepatitis B (HBV) HER2/neu (c-erbB2), 224 development of, 358
exotoxins, 132 characteristics of, 172 “Herald patch” (pityriasis rosea), 482 Hip dislocation
platelet disorders, 427 extrahepatic manifestations, 173 Herceptin (trastuzumab), 443 nerve injury with, 453
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hepatocellular carcinomas and, 392 Hereditary amyloidosis, 212 Hip injuries/conditions
435, 544 medical importance, 164 Hereditary angioedema, 658 common, 460
Hemophilia, 426 nosocomial infection, 185 complement disorder and, 107 developmental dysplasia, 461
X-linked recessive disorder, 61 as oncogenic microbe, 226 Hereditary elliptocytosis, 414 Hip muscles, 451
Hemoptysis passive antibodies for, 110 Hereditary hemorrhagic Hippocampus
Aspergillus fumigatus, 177 polyarteritis nodosa and, 314 telangiectasia, 316 lesions in, 511
bronchiectasis, 675 serologic markers, 174 autosomal dominance of, 60 limbic system, 499
choriocarcinomas, 642 sexually transmitted infection, 184 Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, 394 pyramidal cells, 210
lung cancer, 684 Hepatitis C (HCV) Hereditary motor and sensory Hippurate test, for Streptococcus
tuberculosis, 140 characteristics of, 172 neuropathy, 524 agalactiae, 137
Wegener granulomatosis, 315 extrahepatic manifestations, 173 Hereditary spherocytosis, 422 Hirschsprung disease, 384
Hemorrhage flaviviruses, 167 spherocytes in, 415 Hirsutism
acute pancreatitis, 397 hepatocellular carcinoma and, 392 Hereditary thrombosis syndromes, cyclosporine, 120
AIDS retinitis, 165 lichen planus, 482 428 danazol, 658
baroreceptors and, 296 as oncogenic microbe, 226 Hermaphrodites, 639 menopause, 636
bevacizumab, 442 therapy for, 204 Hernias, 370 SHBG and, 337
delirium caused by, 558 Hepatitis D (HDV), 172 Herniation syndromes, 529 Histaminase, 408
Ebola virus, 171 Hepatitis E (HEV), 172 Heroin, 551 Histamine blockers, 398, 399
intracranial, 513 hepevirus, 167 detoxification medications, 576 Histamine receptors, 238
intraventricular, 512 Hepatitis viruses, 172 intoxication and withdrawal, 570 Histamines
pulmonary, 137 aplastic anemia, 421 opioids for withdrawal, 551 in basophils, 408
shock from, 310 serologic markers for, 174 Herpes genitalis, 164 cortisol effect on, 336
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 513, Hepatocellular carcinomas, 392 Herpes labialis, 164 location of, 373
516 Aspergillus fumigatus, 153 Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 164–166 mast cells and, 408
ulcers, 380 Budd-Chiari syndrome and, 392 HSV-1/HSV-2, 164, 184 seafood toxins, 247
Weil disease, 147 carcinogens causing, 225 cidofovir, 202 signaling pathways for, 337
Hemorrhagic cystitis cirrhosis and, 389 clinical significance, 164 vitamin B and, 67
6
adenovirus, 164 hemochromatosis, 395 envelope, 163 Histidine, 81
drug reaction, 251 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, foscarnet for, 202 Histiocytosis (Langerhans cell), 434
Hemorrhagic fever 391 guanosine analogs, 201 Histocompatibility complex I and
bunyavirus, 167 oncogenic microbes, 226 identification, 166 II, 100
filovirus, 167 Hepatocytes, 86 meningitis caused by, 180 Histones
Hemorrhagic stroke, 513 Hepatoduodenal ligament, 361 skin infections, 479 acetylation, 34
Hemorrhoids, 366 Hepatomas, 392 STI, 184 amino acids in, 81
Hemosiderinuria, 421 Hepatomegaly TORCH infection, 182 deacetylation, 34
Hemostasis, 407 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392 Herpes zoster methylation, 34
platelet plug formation, 411 galactosemia, 80 dorsal root latency, 165 Histoplasma spp
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 592 hepatocellular carcinoma, 392 famciclovir, 201 treatment, 199
Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 315 pulmonary hypertension, 668 reactivation, 443 Histoplasma capsulatum
Hepadnaviruses right heart failure, 309 Herpetic whitlow, 164 HIV-positive adults, 177
characteristics of, 164 Von Gierke disease, 87 Heterochromatin, 34 necrosis and, 209
genome, 163 Zellweger syndrome, 47 Heterodimer, 48 Histoplasmosis, 151
Heparin, 436 Hepatosplenomegaly Heterodisomy, 57 erythema nodosum, 482
acute coronary syndromes, 307 β-thalassemia and, 418 Heterogeneous nuclear RNA Histrionic personality disorder, 565
in basophils, 408 biliary tract disease, 395 (hnRNA), 41 HIV (human immunodeficiency
in coagulation cascade, 413 graft-versus-host disease, 119 Heteroplasmy, 57 virus), 175
mast cells and, 408 hyperchylomicronemia, 94 Heterozygosity loss, 56 aplastic anemia in, 421








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 773 11/21/19 12:27 PM

774 INDEX INDEX




HIV (continued) Hookworms, 159 Hydatid cysts, 161 Hypercholesterolemia, 94
common disease associations, 177 Hormone effects on kidney, 590 Hydatidiform mole, 642 familial, 60
diagnosis, 175 Hormone replacement therapy, 657 hCG in, 633 Hyperchylomicronemia, 94
flow cytometry diagnosis, 54 estrogens for, 656 theca-lutein cysts and, 646 Hypercoagulability, 671
hairy leukoplakia, 479 for hypopituitarism, 339 Hydralazine hereditary syndromes, 428
heroin addiction and, 576 thrombotic complications, 250 gestational hypertension, 316 in pregnancy, 633
Kaposi sarcoma, 165, 478 Hormone-sensitive lipase, 93 heart failure, 309 marantic endocarditis in, 311
lymphopenia, 424 Hormones (reproductive), 655 mechanism and clinical use, 318 venous sinus thrombosis with, 503
meningitis, 180 Horn cysts, 477 Hydrocele (scrotal) warfarin adverse effect, 436
non-Hodgkin lymphoma and, 429 Horner syndrome, 514, 518, 540 acquired, 652 Hyperemesis gravidarum, 642
Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 cavernous sinus, 542 congenital, 652 Hyperemia
primary central nervous system lung cancer, 684 Hydrocephalus, 522 pseudoephedrine/phenylephrine,
lymphoma and, 430 Pancoast tumor, 685 childhood tumors, 528 686
prophylaxis for HIV patients, 198 Horse flies (disease vector), 159 headaches with, 518 Hypereosinophilic syndrome, 308
pulmonary arterial hypertension, Horseshoe kidney, 579 posterior fossa malformations, 492 Hyperestrogenism, 646
679 Hospice care, 272 risk for developing, 513 Hyperglycemia
retrovirus, 167 Hospital readmission causes, 272 Toxoplasma gondii, 182 Cushing syndrome, 348
rifamycins in, 196 Hot flashes Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), 609 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347
STI, 184 drug reaction and, 249 for diabetes insipidus, 338 diabetic retinopathy, 537
T cells and, 409 “Hourglass stomach,” 370 hyperglycemia, 249 drug reaction and, 249
therapy for, 203 Howell-Jolly bodies pancreatitis, 249 glucagon and, 333
TORCH infection, 182 postsplenectomy, 98 Hydrogen peroxide, 204 hyperkalemia, 590
untreated time course, 176 Hu antigens, 228 Hydronephrosis, 599 immunosuppressants, 120
viral receptor, 166 Human chorionic gonadotropin BPH, 654 pancreatic cell tumors, 351
HLA-B8 (hCG) horseshoe kidney, 579 protease inhibitors, 203
graves disease and, 342 as tumor marker, 226 kidney stones, 598 thiazides, 609
HLA-DR3 choriocarcinomas, 642 posterior urethral valves, 579 vitamin B toxicity, 67
3
graves disease and, 342 ectopic pregnancy, 641 Hydrophobia, 171 Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism,
HLA-DR4, 466 hydatidiform moles, 642 Hydrops fetalis 639
HLA genes secretion of, 612, 633 parvovirus B19, 182, 183 Hypergranulosis, 475, 482
celiac disease and, 381 signaling pathways, 337 syphilis, 182 Hyper-IgM syndrome, 117
disease associations, 100, 341 source and functions of, 633 Hydroxychloroquine Hyperinsulinemia, 645
DM type 1 association, 347 Human factors design, 273 myopathy, 250 Hyperkalemia
seronegative spondyloarthritis, 469 Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), 165 Hydroxylases, 73 aldosterone in, 588
HMG-CoA reductase Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), 165, Hydroxylation aliskiren, 610
cholesterol synthesis, 73 183 collagen synthesis, 50 angiotensin II receptor blockers, 610
metabolic pathways, 74 Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), 165 in protein synthesis, 45 cardiac glycosides, 321
HMG-CoA synthase, 73 Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), 165, Vitamin C and, 50 causes of, 590
HMP shunt 177 Hydroxyurea, 442 depolarizing neuromuscular
metabolic site, 72 Kaposi sarcoma, 478 polycythemia vera, 433 blocking drugs, 551
NADPH production, 75, 79 as oncogenic microbe, 226 purine synthesis, 36 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347
rate-determining enzyme, 73 Humanized monoclonal antibodies, sickle cell anemia, 422 potassium-sparing diuretics, 609
vitamin B deficiency, 66 110 targets of, 438 primary adrenal insufficiency, 349
1
Hoarseness Human papillomavirus 6 (HPV-6), Hyoid artery, 619 Hyperkalemic tubular acidosis (type
gastroesophageal reflux disease, 377 184 Hyoscyamine, 241 4, 593
lung cancer, 684 Human papillomavirus 11 (HPV-11), Hyperacute transplant rejection, 119 Hyperkeratosis, 475, 477
Ortner syndrome, 283 184 Hyperaldosteronism, 349 Hyperlipidemia, 301
Pancoast tumor, 685 Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16), hypertension with, 300 atherosclerosis and, 302
thyroid cancer, 343 671 potassium-sparing diuretics for, 609 immunosuppressants, 120
Hodgkin lymphoma, 429 Human papillomavirus (HPV) Hyperammonemia, 82, 85 thiazides, 609
bleomycin for, 439 cervical pathology, 645 fatty acid metabolism and, 89 Hyperopia, 535
non-Hodgkin vs, 429 HIV-positive adults, 177 Hyperbilirubinemia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state,
oncogenic microbes and, 226 as oncogenic microbe, 226 conjugated (direct), 393 347
paraneoplastic cerebellar penile cancer, 651 hereditary, 394 DM type 2, 346
degeneration and, 228 tumor epidemiology, 643 jaundice with, 393 Hyperosmolarity, 590
vinca alkaloids for, 441 verrucae, 477 unconjugated (indirect), 393 Hyperparathyroidism, 345
Holistic medical therapy, 269 warts, 164 Hypercalcemia calcium pyrophosphate deposition
Holoprosencephaly, 491 Human placental lactogen, 634 acute pancreatitis and, 397 disease, 467
Patau syndrome, 63 Humerus fracture adult T-cell lymphoma, 430 cinacalcet for, 355
Homatropine, 241 axillary nerve and, 447 bisphosphonates for, 486 lab values in, 464
Homer-Wright rosettes, 528 radial nerve with, 447 calcium carbonate antacid effects, renal osteodystrophy and, 603
Homicide, 272 Humoral immune response, 409 399 Hyperphagia
Homocysteine Hunger/satiety regulation, 498 diabetes insipidus, 338 depression with, 561
folate deficiency, 420 Hunter syndrome, 60, 61, 88 hyperparathyroidism, 345 hypothalamus and, 498
vitamin B deficiency, 68 Huntington disease loop diuretics for, 608 Hyperphosphatemia
9
vitamin B deficiency, 69, 420 drug therapy for, 549 lung cancer, 684 hyperparathyroidism (secondary),
12
Homocysteine methyltransferase movement disorders, 519 paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 345
deficiency in, 84 neurodegenerative disorder, 520 succinylcholine, 551 hypoparathyroidism, 344
vitamin B and, 69 neurotransmitters for, 495 teriparatide, 487 renal osteodystrophy and, 603
12
Homocystinuria trinucleotide repeat expansion thiazides, 609 Hyperpigmentation
causes of, 84 diseases, 62 Williams syndrome, 64 bleomycin, 439
Homologous recombination repair, Hurler syndrome, 88 Hypercalciuria busulfan, 441
40 Hürthle cells, 341 hyperparathyroidism, 345 fludrocortisone, 354
Homovanillic acid (HVA) Hutchinson teeth, 147 thiazides for, 609 hemochromatosis, 395
in neuroblastomas, 350 Hyaline arteriolosclerosis, 301 Hypercapnia Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 387
Homunculus, 502 Hyaline casts (urine), 594 contractility in, 284 primary adrenal insufficiency, 349





FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 774 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 775




Hyperplasia, 206 thoracic aortic aneurysm and, 302 Hypogonadism Hypotonia
adrenal, 348, 349 treatment for, 316 diagnosis of, 639 poliomyelitis, 531
parathyroid, 345, 351 tyramine, 244, 575 estrogens for, 656 Zellweger syndrome, 47
uterine bleeding with, 633 Hypertensive crisis, 569 gynecomastia, 649 Hypoventilation, 592
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, 301 MAO inhibitors, 575 hemochromatosis, 395 Hypovolemic shock, 310
Hyperplastic polyps, 387 phenoxybenzamine for, 244 Kallmann syndrome, 639 Hypoxanthine guanine
Hyperprolactinemia, 249, 328, 527 pheochromocytoma, 350 pituitary prolactinomas, 328 phosphoribosyltransferase
anovulation, 645 Hypertensive emergency, 300, 318 testosterone/methyltestosterone, 658 (HGPRT), 37
calcium channel blockers and, RBC casts in, 594 zinc deficiency, 71 Hypoxemia
318 Hypertensive nephropathy, 300 Hypokalemia alveolar gas equation, 668
risperidone and, 573 Hypertensive retinopathy, 537 antacid use, 399 oxygen deprivation, 669
Hyperpyrexia Hyperthermia causes of, 590 vasoconstriction, 679
with TCAs, 575 atropine causing, 241 cystic fibrosis, 60 Hypoxia
Hyperresonance (chest percussion), ecstasy intoxication, 571 on ECG, 293 apoptosis caused by, 208
682 MDMA, 571 loop diuretics, 608 contractility in, 284
pneumothorax, 680, 682 Hyperthyroidism, 340, 342 nephrogenic DI, 338 erythropoietin and, 589
Hypersensitivity reactions, 112–113 amiodarone and, 323 VIPomas and, 371 lung diseases, 679
acute interstitial nephritis, 601 β-blockers in, 245 Hypomanic episodes, 561 nocturnal, 679
C3 deficiency, 107 drug reactions, 249 Hyponatremia oxygen deprivation, 669
cephalosporins, 189 hCG elevation and, 633 MDMA, 571 regions susceptible to, 210
Graves disease, 342 hydatidiform moles, 642 as paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 renal, 666
IgE antibodies, 105 Hypertriglyceridemia, 94 thiazides, 609 vasoconstriction/vasodilation and,
mast cells and, 408 acute pancreatitis and, 397 Hypo-osmolarity, 590 297
organ transplants, 119 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 308, Hypoparathyroidism, 344 Hypoxia inducible factor 1a, 224
penicillins, 187–188 531 Hypophosphatemia Hypoxic stroke, 512
pneumonitis, 675 Pompe disease, 87 hyperparathyroidism, 345 Hypoxic vasoconstriction
rheumatic fever, 312 Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, 684 Hypopituitarism, 339 (pulmonary), 668
sulfonamides, 194 cancer association, 228 Hypoplasia, 613 high altitude, 670
Hypersensitivity reaction (type II) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 359 pulmonary, 660 Hysterectomy
rapidly progressive Hypertrophic scars, 218 Hypopyon, 536 cardinal ligament in, 625
glomerulonephritis, 596 Hypertrophy, 206 Hyporeflexia Hysteresis (lung and chest wall), 665
Hypersensitivity reaction (type III) Hyperuricemia LMN lesions, 531
acute poststreptococcal drug reaction and, 250 magnesium hydroxide and, 399 I
glomerulonephritis, 596 gout and, 467 Hypospadias, 624 Iatrogenic abnormal uterine bleeding,
Hypersensitivity reaction type IV kidney stones and, 598 Hypotension 633
contact dermatitis, 477 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37 adrenal insufficiency, 349 Ibandronate, 486
Hypersomnia, 561 pyrazinamide, 197 aliskiren, 610 Ibuprofen, 486
Hypertension, 300, 679 thiazides, 609 amphotericin B, 199 hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250
ACE inhibitors for, 610 vitamin B toxicity, 67 angiotensin II receptor blockers, Ibutilide, 323
3
acromegaly and, 339 Hyperventilation 610 ICAM-1 protein
aliskiren for, 610 metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, baroreceptors in, 296 in leukocyte extravasation, 215
α-blockers for, 244 592 cardiac tamponade, 310 viral receptor, 166
angiotensin II receptor blockers in pregnancy, 633 endotoxins, 131 I cells, 371
for, 610 therapeutic, 501 ephedrine for, 242 disease, 47
aortic dissection and, 303 Hypervitaminosis D, 464 hypermagnesemia, 591 Icosahedral viruses, 163
atherosclerosis and, 302 Hypnagogic hallucinations, 559 local anesthetics, 550 Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis, 147
atrial fibrillation and, 295 narcolepsy, 568 magnesium hydroxide and, 399 Idarucizumab, 435
autosomal recessive polycystic Hypnopompic hallucinations, 559 metronidazole, 195 Idealization, 555
kidney disease, 604 narcolepsy, 568 midodrine for, 242 Identification, 555
β-blockers for, 245 Hypoaldosteronism, 593 norepinephrine for, 242 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension,
Charcot-Bouchard Hypocalcemia, 333 orthostatic, 349 521
microaneurysms, 516 acute pancreatitis and, 397 phenylephrine for, 242 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 675
episodic, 350 cinacalcet causing, 355 scombroid poisoning, 247 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
heart failure, 316 hypermagnesemia and, 591 sympatholytic drugs and, 243 (ITP), 427
hyperaldosteronism, 349 hyperparathyroidism, 345 Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs rituximab for, 443
immunosuppressants, 120 hypoparathyroidism, 344 clinical use and adverse effects IDL (intermediate-density
intraparenchymal hemorrhage, renal osteodystrophy, 603 of, 354 lipoprotein), 94
513 thyroidectomy, 343 Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, IFN-γ (Interferon-γ)
leflunomide, 486 tumor lysis syndrome, 435 328 cachexia and, 227
lipohyalinosis and, 514 Hypochlorhydria hypergastrinemia, Hypothalamus Ifosfamide, 441
local anesthetics, 550 379 ADH secretion, 329 hemorrhagic cystitis, 251
loop diuretics for, 608 Hypocretin, 568 homeostasis and, 498 IgA and IgG deamidated gliadin
MDMA, 571 Hypodermis, 473 nuclei of, 498 peptide autoantibody, 115
microangiopathic anemia, 423 Hypofibrinogenemia, 214 reproductive hormone control, 656 IgA antibodies, 105
minoxidil, 658 Hypogammaglobulinemia, 228 sleep cycle role of, 497 anti-endomysial autoantibody, 115
PCP, 571 Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), 506 TRH sensitivity, 331 anti-tissue transglutaminase
pheochromocytomas, 350 lesion in, 532 Hypothenar muscles, 450 autoantibody, 115
polyarteritis nodosa, 314 with stroke, 514 Klumpke palsy, 448 ataxia-telangiectasia, 117
in pregnancy, 243, 643 tongue, 493 Hypotheses (statistical), 262 breast milk, 636
pseudoephedrine/phenylephrine, Hypoglycemia Hypothyroidism, 340, 341 in celiac disease, 381
686 fructose intolerance, 80 amiodarone and, 323 hyper-IgM syndrome, 117
renal cyst disorders, 604 glucagon production with, 333 anemia, 420 passive immunity, 110
renal failure, 603 gluconeogenesis and, 78 carpal tunnel syndrome with, 459 Peyer patches and, 374
renovascular disease and, 604 insulinomas, 351 drug reaction and, 249 selective deficiency in, 116
sleep apnea, 679 neonatal, 614 hormone replacement, 354 IgA nephropathy, 596
thiazides for, 609 Von Gierke disease, 87 lithium, 574 IgA protease, 129







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 775 11/21/19 12:27 PM

776 INDEX INDEX




IgD antibodies, 105 fungal infections, 186 pituitary, 339 Inguinal hernia, 370
IgE antibodies, 105 Listeria monocytogenes, 139 regions susceptible to, 210 Inguinal ligament, 368, 369
ataxia-telangiectasia, 117 Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 types of, 210 Inguinal triangle, 370
eczema, 477 Immunodeficiency syndromes IFN-β (Interferon-β) Inhalational injury, 676
hyper-IgM syndrome, 117 flow cytometry diagnosis, 54 clinical uses, 121 Inhaled anesthetics, 550
mast cells and, 408 infections in, 118 natural killer cells, 101 Inheritance modes, 59
type I hypersensitivity, 112 syndromes, 116–117 Infections Inhibin
IgG antibodies, 105 Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, 315 ESR in, 214 Sertoli cell secretion of, 628
ataxia-telangiectasia, 117 Immunoglobulins in immunodeficiency, 118 Inhibitors of complement activation,
complement activation and, 106 adaptive immunity and, 99 Inferior colliculi, 504 106
hepatitis A (HAV), 174 breast milk and, 636 Inferior gluteal nerve, 453 Inhibitory pathway, 500
multiple sclerosis, 523 isotypes of, 105 Inferior mesenteric artery, 363, 364 Injury (unintentional), 272
as passive immunity, 110 for Kawasaki disease, 314 horseshoe kidney, 579 Innate immune system
type II hypersensitivity reaction, Immunohistochemical stains, 227 Inferior oblique muscle, 540 in acute inflammation, 214
480 Immunology, 96–122 Inferior rectal artery, 366 Innate immunity, 99
type III hypersensitivity reactions, cellular components, 98 Inferior rectal vein, 365 Inositol trisphosphate (IP ), 337
3
113 immune responses, 104–117 Inferior rectus muscle, 540 Inotropes, 310
IgM antibodies, 105 immunosuppressants, 120–122 Inferior sagittal sinus, 503 Inotropy, 286
in biliary cirrhosis, 395 lymphoid structures, 96–98 Inferior vena cava, 360 INR (international normalized ratio),
complement activation and, 106 pathogen recognition in, 99 diaphragm, 663 426
hepatitis A (HAV), 174 Immunomodulator signaling gonadal drainage and, 624 Insomnia
hyper-IgM syndrome, 117 pathways, 337 Infertility barbiturates for, 546
overproduction, 431 Immunophenotype assessment, 54 clomiphene, 656 nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 546
in sclerosing cholangitis, 395 Immunosuppressants cystic fibrosis, 60 ramelteon for, 547
splenic dysfunction, 98 for aplastic anemia, 421 ectopic pregnancy, 641 stimulants causing, 570
Ileum, 362 targets, 121 Kallmann syndrome, 639 suvorexant, 547
basal electric rhythm, 362 transplant rejection, 120 Kartagener syndrome, 49 Inspiratory capacity (IC), 664
Ileus, 386 Immunosuppression leuprolide for, 656 Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), 664
bacterial peritonitis (spontaneous), vitamin A deficiency, 66 mumps, 170 Insulin, 334
390 vitamin C deficiency, 69 salpingitis, 185 anabolic effects of, 334
gallstone, 396 Immunotherapy, 121 septate uterus, 623 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347
Iliacus, 452 Impaired colleague, 269 varicoceles, 651 fructose bisphosphatase-2 and, 76
Iliohypogastric nerve, 452 Imperforate hymen, 644 IFN-γ (Interferon-γ), 108, 116 GIP effect on, 371
Iliotibial band syndrome, 461 Impetigo, 136, 475 clinical uses, 121 glucagon and, 333
Illness anxiety disorder, 566 crusts with, 479 Infiltrative cardiomyopathy, 308 glycogen regulation, 73, 85
Iloperidone, 573 Imprinting disorders, 58 Inflammasome, 214 hypokalemia from, 590
Imatinib, 433, 443 Inactivated (killed) vaccine, 111 Inflammation potassium shifts wit, 590
IMG registration timeframe, 6 Incidence vs prevalence, 259 acute, 214 in pregnancy, 334
Imipenem in medical error corrections, 259 in atherosclerosis, 302 production of, 329
seizures with, 251 Inclusions cardinal signs, 213 secretion of, 334
Imipramine, 575 Cowdry A, 166 chronic, 216 somatostatin and, 371
Immature ego defenses, 555 mulberry-like (morulae), 150 ESR in, 214 somatostatinomas and, 351
Immature teratoma, 647 Negri bodies, 171 Extrinsic (death receptor) pathway, Insulin deficiency, 590
Immune checkpoint interactions, “owl eye,” 165 208 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, 346
222 reticulate bodies, 148 IL-1 in, 108 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
Immune complex, 113 Incomplete penetrance, 56 Intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway, acromegaly, 339
Immune evasion Incontinence (fecal/urinary), 453 208 signaling pathways for, 337
in cancer, 221 Incus, 533, 620 wound healing, 216 Insulinoma, 351
Immune responses Incus (ossicles) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insulin and C-peptide in, 334
acute-phase reactants, 102 pharyngeal arch derivative, 620 382 MEN 1 syndrome, 351
antibody structure and function, India ink stain, 125 azathioprine for, 440 pancreatic cell tumor, 351
104–117 Indicator media, 126 colorectal cancer and, 388 Insulin preparations, 352
antigen type and memory, 105 Indinavir erythema nodosum, 482 Insulin resistance, 633
Bordetella pertussis, 143 HIV therapy, 203 infliximab/adalimumab for, 487 acanthosis nigricans and, 482
cell surface proteins, 110 Indirect bilirubin, 375 methotrexate for, 440 acromegaly, 339
complement, 106 Indirect cholinomimetic agonists, 240 sclerosing cholangitis and, 395 cortisol, 336
cytokines, 108 Indirect Coombs test spondyloarthritis, 469 DM type 2, 347
hypersensitivity types, 114–115 unbound antibody detection, 112 therapeutic antibodies, 122 GH, 329
immunoglobulin, 105 Indirect inguinal hernia, 370 Inflammatory breast disease, 649, 650 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
passive vs active, 110 Indirect sympathomimetics, 242 Inflammatory demyelinating 391
respiratory burst, 109 Indirect (unconjugated) polyradiculopathy, 524 polycystic ovarian syndrome, 645
Salmonella/Shigella spp, 144 hyperbilirubinemia, 393 Infliximab, 122, 487 Insurance
transfusion reactions, 114 Indomethacin, 486 for Crohn disease, 382 disregarding in treatment, 269
Immune system organs for diabetes insipidus, 338 for ulcerative colitis, 382 Medicare/Medicaid as, 272
cellular components, 99 IFN-α (Interferon-α) Influenza, 169 types of plans, 271
lymph nodes, 96 clinical uses, 121 orthomyxovirus, 167 Integrase inhibitors, 203
thymus, 98 myopathy, 250 pneumonia, 683 Integrins
Immunocompromised patients natural killer cells, 101 treatment/prevention, 201 epithelial cells, 474
acyclovir/famciclovir/valacyclovir, Infant development, 635 Informed consent, 265 viral receptor, 166
201 Infarction Infraspinatus muscle Intellectual disability, 557
Candida albicans in, 153 blood-brain barrier effects, 496 Erb palsy, 448 autism and, 557
common organisms affecting, 179 of bone, 463 rotator cuff, 446 cri-du-chat syndrome, 64
Cryptococcus neoformans, 153 Infarcts Infundibulopelvic ligament, 625 Down syndrome, 63
Cryptosporidium, 155 atherosclerosis, 302 Ingested seafood toxins, 247 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37
esophagitis in, 377 calcification in, 211 Inguinal canal, 369 Patau syndrome, 63








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 776 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 777




phenylketonuria, 84 Intestinal gastric cancer, 379 Iritis, 536 J
Williams syndrome, 64 Intestinal obstruction Iron JAK2 gene, 224
Intellectualization, 555 hernias, 370 absorption of, 69, 374 myeloproliferative disorders, 433
Intention tremor, 519 superior mesenteric artery anemia, 388, 418 Janeway lesions, 311
cerebellar lesions, 511 syndrome, 363 anemia of chronic disease, 421 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, 148
Interdigital tinea pedis, 152 Intimate partner violence, 269 colorectal cancer, 388 Jaundice, 393
Interferons, 109 Intoxication (psychoactive drugs), 570 excess, 67 biliary tract disease, 395
Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), 140 Intracellular bacteria, 127 in hemochromatosis, 395 cholangitis, 368, 397
for tuberculosis, 140 Intracellular fluid (ICF), 581 lab values in anemia, 419 drug reaction and, 249
Interleukin 1 (IL-1), 108 Intracellular receptors sideroblastic anemia, 419 fructose intolerance, 80
cachexia and, 227 endocrine hormone and, 337 toxicity of, 69 galactosemia, 80
endotoxins, 133 Intracranial hemorrhage, 513 toxicity treatment, 248 graft-versus-host disease, 119
Interleukin 2 (IL-2), 108 eclampsia, 643 Iron poisoning, 426 hepatitis B, 184
cyclosporine and, 120 Intracranial hypertension Iron studies hepatocellular carcinoma, 392
natural killer cells and, 101 vitamin A toxicity, 66 interpretation of, 419–444 hereditary hyperbilirubinemias,
sirolimus and, 120 idiopathic, 521 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 394
tacrolimus and, 120 Intracranial pressure (ICP) antispasmodic drugs, 241 with leptospirosis, 147
Interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), 120 cerebral ischemia, 296 criteria and symptoms for, 383 newborn hemolytic disease, 405
Interleukin 3 (IL-3), 108 hydrocephalus, 522 Isavuconazole pancreatic cancer, 398
Interleukin 4 (IL-4), 108 papilledema, 538 mucormycosis treatment, 153 TORCH infections, 182
Interleukin 5 (IL-5), 108 superior vena cava syndrome, 685 Ischemia, 210, 669
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), 108 venous sinus thrombosis, 503 acute tubular necrosis from, 602 yellow fever, 168
cachexia and, 227 Intraductal papilloma, 649 atherosclerosis, 302 Jaw jerk reflex, 507
endotoxins, 133 Intraepithelial adenocarcinoma, 644 colonic, 386 JC virus (John Cunningham virus)
Interleukin 8 (IL-8), 108 Intraocular pressure (IOP), 536 digital, 472 HIV-positive adults, 177
neutrophils and, 406 Intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 513 in gastrointestinal tract, 386 immunocompromised patients,
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), 108 Intrauterine device (IUD) mesenteric, 386 118
Interleukin 12 (IL-12), 108 copper, 657 necrosis and, 209 polyomaviruses, 164
natural killer cells and, 101 Intrauterine growth restriction watershed areas, 210 Jejunal and ileal atresia, 359
receptor deficiency, 116 (IUGR) Ischemic brain disease, 512 Jejunum, 362
Interleukin receptor modulators low birth weight, 635 Ischemic heart disease Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome,
naming conventions for, 254 substance abuse, 614 contraindicated antiarrhythmics, 294
Intermediate filaments Intravascular hemolysis, 421 322 Jimson weed, 241
cytoskeletal element, 48 paroxysmal nocturnal heart murmurs in, 291 Job syndrome, 116
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), 633 hemoglobinuria, 107 manifestations of, 304 Jod-Basedow phenomenon, 342
Internal capsule Intravenous anesthetics, 550 Ischemic priapism, 651 Joint hypermobility, 51, 62
intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 513 Intraventricular hemorrhage, 512 Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, 115 J point in ECG, 293
stroke effects, 514 neonatal respiratory distress Islets of Langerhans, 325 Jugular foramen, 503
Internal carotid artery syndrome, 661 Isocarboxazid, 575 Jugular venous distention (JVD),
cavernous sinus, 542 Intrinsic factor, 372, 373 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 309, 685
Internal hemorrhoids, 366 Intrinsic hemolytic anemias, 422 metabolic pathways, 74 Jugular venous pulse, 287
Internal iliac artery, 282 Intrinsic pathway, 208 rate determining enzyme, 73 Justice (ethics), 265
Internal iliac lymph nodes, 624 coagulation defects of, 426 Isodisomy, 57 Juvenile polyposis, 387
Internal inguinal ring, 370 heparin and, 437 Isoflurane, 550 Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), 589
Internal jugular vein, 503 Intrinsic renal failure, 601 Isolation of affect, 555 renin secretion, 588
Internal oblique muscle, 369 Introns Isoleucine Juxtaglomerular cells
Internal rotation splicing out, 41 classification of, 81 tumors in, 349
arm (rotator cuff), 446 vs exons, 43 maple syrup urine disease and, 84 K
hip, 451 Intussusception, 385 Isoniazid, 197
Internal spermatic fascia, 369 Meckel diverticulum, 384 cytochrome P-450, 252 Kala-azar, 158
International Foundations of Inulin hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250 Kallikrein
Medicine (IFOM), 12 glomerular filtration rate and, 582 hepatitis, 249 C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency,
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 511, in proximal convoluted tubules, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 196 107
543 587 seizures, 251 neutrophil chemotaxis and, 406
Interossei muscles, 450 Inulin clearance, 582 Isoproterenol Kallmann syndrome, 498, 639
Klumpke palsy, 448 Invariant chain, 100 norepinephrine vs, 243 Kaposi sarcoma, 478
ulnar nerve, 447 Invasive carcinoma, 219 sympathomimetic action, 242 AIDS and, 184
Interpersonal therapy, 572 cervix, 645 Isosorbide dinitrate, 318 bacillary angiomatosis vs, 478
Interpreting study results, 261 Invasive lobular carcinoma (breast), Isosorbide mononitrate, 318 HHV-8, 165
Intersex, 639 650 Isotretinoin HIV-positive adults, 177
Interstitial fluid, 297 Inversion, 453 cystic acne, 66 oncogenic microbes and, 226
Interstitial lung disease, 466, 675 In vivo biofilm-producing bacteria, teratogenicity, 614 Kartagener syndrome, 49, 280
Interstitial nephritis 128 Isovolumetric contraction, 287 obstructive lung disease, 675
acute, 601 Involuntary treatment, 267 Isovolumetric relaxation, 287 Karyotyping, 55
as drug reaction, 251 Iodine Itraconazole KatG, 197
NSAID toxicity, 486 deficiency in, 341, 342 azoles, 199 Kawasaki disease, 314
penicillins, 188 infection control, 204 Sporothrix schenckii, 154 Kayser-Fleischer rings, 395
Interstitial pneumonia, 683 teratogenicity, 614 systemic mycoses, 151 K cells, 371
Interstitium Iodophors, 204 Ivabradine, 324 K complexes/sleep spindles, 497
leukocyte extravasation and, 215 IPEX syndrome, 102 IV drug use Kegel exercises, 599
Interventricular foramen, 281 Ipratropium, 241, 687 common organisms, 179 Keloid scars, 218
Interventricular septal rupture, 305, Irinotecan/topotecan, 442 Ivermectin, 200 Keratinocytes, 216
307 targets of, 438 “Ivory white” plaques, 677 Keratin pearls, 684
“Intestinal angina,” 386 topoisomerase (TOP) I inhibition, IV phlebitis, 199 Keratoacanthoma, 484
Intestinal atresia, 359 38 Ixodes ticks, 146, 149 Keratoconjunctivitis, 164








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 777 11/21/19 12:27 PM

778 INDEX INDEX




Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 468 ligament and meniscus, 460 Lamivudine, 203 Left bundle branch, 293
Keratomalacia, 66 Osgood-Schlatter disease, 461 HIV therapy, 203 Left circumflex coronary artery, 283
Keratosis prepatellar bursitis, 460 Lamotrigine Left heart disease, 679
actinic, 482 Knees epilepsy, 544 Left heart failure, 309
hyperkeratosis, 475 common conditions of, 460 rash caused by, 250 Left horn of sinus venosus, 281
parakeratosis, 475 Knock-out/Knock-in genes, 56 Lancet-shaped diplococci, 136 Left main coronary artery, 283
seborrheic, 477 KOH preparation, 152 Landmarks (anatomical) Left marginal artery, 283
Kernicterus, 194, 204, 393–394 Koilocytes for dermatomes, 510 Left shift, 424
Ketamine, 550 condylomata acuminata, 184 midclavicular line, 663 Left-to-right shunts, 299
Ketoacidosis, 72, 90 Koilocytosis, 477 pudendal nerve block, 453 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, 461, 463
Ketoconazole, 658 Koplik spots, 183 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 434 Legionella pneumophila, 143
cytochrome P-450, 252 Korsakoff syndrome, 66, 558, 571 pulmonary, 675 Legionella spp
gynecomastia from, 649 Krabbe disease, 88, 524 Lansoprazole, 399 atypical organism, 179
mechanism and clinical use, 199 KRAS gene, 224 Laplace law, 284, 661 culture requirements, 126
Ketogenesis adenomatous colonic polyps and, Large cell carcinoma, 684 facultative intracellular organisms,
diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 387 Large-vessel vasculitis 127
metabolic site, 72 lung cancer and, 684 presentation and pathology, 314 Gram stain of, 125
rate-determining enzyme for, 73 Krukenberg tumors, 379 Larva migrans, 159 macrolides, 193
Ketone bodies, 90 Kübler-Ross grief model, 562 Laryngopharyngeal reflux, 377 nosocomial infection, 185
brain metabolism, 334 Kulchitsky cells, 684 Laryngospasm, 359 intracellular organism, 127
in diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Kuru, 178 drug-induced, 569 pneumonia, 683
production of, 90 Kussmaul respirations Larynx, 662 silver stain, 125
Ketorolac, 486 in diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Larynx muscles, 620 Legionnaires’ disease, 143
Kidney disease Kussmaul sign, 316 Lassa fever encephalitis, 167 Leiomyoma (fibroid), 648
acute injury, 601 Kwashiorkor, 71 Latanoprost, 552 nomenclature for, 220
hypertension, 300 Kyphoscoliosis, 531 Latent errors, 274 uterine bleeding with, 633
prenatal diagnosis of, 579 Kyphosis Lateral cerebellar lesions, 499 Leiomyosarcoma, 220, 648
Kidneys in homocystinuria, 84 Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Leishmaniasis, 158, 200
anatomy, 580 K , 230 injury, 454 Length-time bias, 261
m
blood flow regulation, 297 Lateral corticospinal tract, 508, 509, Lens
calcification in, 211 L 514 collagen in, 50
chronic graft nephropathy, 119 Labetalol, 245 Lateral epicondylitis, 459 infantile cataracts, 80
embryology of, 578 hypertension in pregnancy, 316 Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, 452 Lens subluxation
endocrine functions, 589 hypertensive emergency, 318 Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), Elastin syndrome, 52
glomerular structure, 580 Labia, 625 498 in homocystinuria, 52, 84
hormones acting on, 590 Labile cells, 46 Lateral medullary syndrome, 514 Lenticulostriate artery, 514
ischemia in, 210 Lachman test, 454 Lateral nucleus (hypothalamus), 498 Lentiform nucleus, 500
retroperitoneal location of, 360 Lac operons, 40 Lateral pterygoid muscle, 507 Leonine facies, 141
sclerosis, 473 Lacrimation reflex, 507 Lateral rectus muscle, 540 Leprosy (Hansen disease), 141
solitary functioning, 579 Lactase deficiency, 81 Lateral spinothalamic tract, 508 Leptin, 336
transplant prophylaxis, 120 Lactation, 636 Lateral thoracic artery, 455 hypothalamus, 498
Kidney stones oxytocin’s role in, 328 Lateral ventricles Leptospira spp
Crohn disease association, 382 progesterone and, 630 optic radiation, 542 Gram stain of, 125
electrolyte disturbances, 591 prolactin and, 330 ventricular system, 504 spirochete, 146
hematuria with, 594 Sheehan syndrome and, 339 Laxatives, 401 zoonotic infections, 149
hydronephrosis, 599 Lactational mastitis, 649 LD50 (lethal median dose), 234 Leptospira interrogans, 147
hyperparathyroidism, 345 Lactic acid dehydrogenase, 77 LDH Leptospirosis, 149
presentation and findings with, 598 Lactic acidosis tumor burden indicator, 226 symptoms of, 147
risk factors for, 593 ethanol metabolism and, 72 LDL (low-density lipoprotein), 94 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
UTIs, 181 exercise and, 670 PCSK9 enzyme, 93 inheritance, 61
Kiesselbach plexus, 671 MELAS syndrome, 59 receptor binding, 93 purine salvage deficiency, 37
Killian triangle, 384 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Leaden paralysis, 561 Leser-Trélat sign, 228, 477
Kinases, 73 deficiency, 77 Lead poisoning stomach cancer, 379
Kinesin Lactoferrin anemia with, 419 Lesser omental sac, 361
movement of, 48 in neutrophils, 406 foot drop, 419 Letrozole, 656
Kinin cascade/pathways, 412 in respiratory burst, 109 mechanism, 425 Leucine
Klebsiella pneumoniae Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria, memory loss with, 425 classification of, 81
cephalosporins, 189 126, 144 sideroblastic anemia, 419 maple syrup urine disease and, 84
encapsulation, 127 Lactose intolerance, 381 treatment of, 248, 419 Leucovorin, 440
UTIs caused by, 181 Lactose metabolism Lead-time bias, 261 Leukemias, 432
Klebsiella spp, 145 genetic response to environmental Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 59 carcinogens, 225
alcoholism, 179 change, 40 Lecithinase, 133, 138 cell type, 220
currant jelly sputum, 145, 186 Lactulose Lecithin-cholesterol acetyltransferase cyclophosphamide for, 441
nosocomial infections, 185 for hepatic encephalopathy, 391 (LCAT) cytarabine for, 440
pneumonia, 683 Lacunar infarcts, 514 activation of, 93 doxorubicin for, 439
urease-positive, 127 Ladd bands, 385 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, epidemiology, 222
urinary tract infections, 600 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, 93 etoposide/teniposide for, 442
Klinefelter syndrome, 638 472 Lectin pathway (complement immunohistochemical stain for,
chromosome association, 64 autoantibody, 115 activation), 106 227
gynecomastia, 649 as paraneoplastic syndrome, Ledipasvir, 204 lymphoma comparison, 429
Klumpke palsy, 448 228 Leflunomide, 486 mucormycosis, 153
Klüver-Bucy syndrome, 511 small cell lung cancer, 684 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase nomenclature for, 220
Knee examination, 454 Lamina propria inhibition, 36 oncogenic microbes, 225
Knee injuries/conditions Peyer patches in, 374 Left anterior descending artery suppressor genes, 224
Baker cyst, 460 in Whipple disease, 381 coronary circulation, 283 TRAP tumor marker, 227
iliotibial band syndrome, 461 Lamins, 48 myocardial infarction and, 305 vinca alkaloids for, 441







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 778 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 779




Leukocoria, 538 Linear viruses, 163 cystic fibrosis, 60 LPS endotoxin, 124, 131, 133, 145
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, 117, Lines of Zahn, 672 hepatosteatosis, 72 LTB (Leukotriene B4), 406, 485
4
215 Lineweaver-Burk plot, 230 hereditary, 394 Lumbar puncture, 507, 521
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase Linezolid, 193 ischemia in, 210 Lumbosacral radiculopathy, 455
(LAP), 406 highly resistant organisms, 198 metastases to, 223 Lumbrical muscles, 450
Leukocyte esterase, 181, 600 protein synthesis inhibition, 191 serum markers, 390 Klumpke palsy and, 448
Leukocytes Lingula (lung), 663 target cells in, 415 median and ulnar nerves, 447
extravasation, 214, 215 Linkage disequilibrium, 57 Wilson disease and, 395 Lumefantrine, 200
leukemias, 432 Liothyronine (T3), 354 Liver failure Lunate bone, 449
in urine, 181, 594, 600 Lipase Budd-Chiari syndrome and, 392 Lung abscesses, 685
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 173 pancreatic secretions, 373 movement disorder in, 519 Lung and chest wall expansion, 665
Leukocytosis, 213 in pancreatitis, 397 Liver fluke Lung cancer
diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Lipid-lowering agents hyperbilirubinemia with, 393 asbestosis and, 677
nosocomial infections, 185 mechanism and adverse effects, as oncogenic microbe, 226 carcinogens causing, 225
Leukodystrophies, 494, 524 320–321 Liver function tests cisplatin/carboplatin for, 442
Leukoerythroblastic reaction, 424 Lipid metabolism cholestatic pattern of, 395 erlotinib for, 442
Leukopenias, 424 fatty acids, 73 serum markers for, 390 hypercalcemia and, 228
cytarabine, 440 Lipids Liver markers incidence/mortality in, 222
ganciclovir, 202 key enzymes in, 93 in alcohol use, 570 metastases to, 223
trimethoprim, 194 transport of, 92–93 Liver tumors, 392 non–small cell, 684
Leukoplakia, 479 Lipodystrophy Living wills, 266 oncogenes and, 224
Leukotrienes protease inhibitors, 203 Loa loa, 159 paraneoplastic syndromes and,
basophils and, 408 tesamorelin for, 328 Loading dose, 231 228
cortisol effects, 336 Lipofuscin, 211 Lobar pneumonia presentation and complications,
Levator veli palatini muscle, 620 Lipoic acid, 76 natural history of, 683 684
Levetiracetam, 544 Lipolysis organisms and characteristics, 683 small cell, 684
Levodopa, 548, 549 cortisol and, 336 physical findings with, 680 topotecan for, 442
Levofloxacin insulin and, 334 Lobular carcinoma (breast), 650 Lung diseases
fluoroquinolones, 195 sympathetic receptors and, 238 Local anesthetics, 550 obstructive, 674–675
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 thyroid hormone and, 331 Localized amyloidosis, 212 restrictive, 675
Levomilnacipran, 575 Lipomas, 220 Locked-in syndrome Lungs
Levonorgestrel, 657 Lipophilic drug osmotic demyelination syndrome, anatomical relationships, 663
Levothyroxine, 354 drug metabolism of, 232 524 blood flow regulation, 297
Lewy bodies, 520, 521 Lipoprotein lipase, 93 stroke, 515 development of, 660
dementia, 521 Lipoproteins, 93 Locus ceruleus, 495 physical findings, 680
Leydig cells functions of, 94 Locus heterogeneity, 57 sclerosis of, 473
cryptorchidism, 651 Liposarcomas, 220 Löffler endocarditis, 308 transfusion-related injury, 114
endocrine function, 628, 638 Lipoteichoic acid Löffler medium, 126 Lung volumes, 664
genital embryology, 622 cytoplasmic membrane, 124 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 139 Lung zones, 669
tumors of, 653 Liquefactive necrosis, 209 Lomustine, 441 Lupus
LFA-1 antigens, 215 Liraglutide, 353 Lone Star tick (disease vector), 149 autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Libido Lisch nodules, 525 Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) and, 423
in geriatric patients, 270 Lisdexamfetamine, 572 metabolism of, 89 azathioprine for, 440
testosterone and, 636 Lisinopril, 610 Long QT syndrome drug-induced, 115
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, 470 Lispro, 352 congenital, 294 isoniazid, 197
Lice Lissencephaly, 491 ranolazine, 319 lymphopenia, 424
disease vectors, 149 Listeria monocytogenes sudden cardiac death, 304 marantic endocarditis in, 311
head/scalp, 161 β-hemolysis, 135 Long thoracic nerve microangiopathic hemolytic
treatment, 200 neonates, 182 arm abduction, 446 anemia,, 423
Lichen planus, 173, 475, 482 penicillins for, 188 neurovascular pairing, 455 nephritis, 470
Lichen sclerosus, 644 transmission of, 139 Loop diuretics, 608 neutropenia, 424
Lichen simplex chronicus, 644 Listeria spp for heart failure, 309 Lupus anticoagulant, 115
Liddle syndrome, 586 facultative intracellular organisms, toxicity of, 251 Lupus-like syndrome
markers in, 591 127 Loop of Henle, 608 α-methyldopa, 243
Lidocaine, 322, 550 intracellular organism, 127 Bartter syndrome and, 586 hydralazine, 318
Life support Lithium ethacrynic acid effect on, 608 procainamide, 322
withdrawal, 269 diabetes insipidus and, 249, 338 “loose associations,” 559 Lurasidone, 573
Li-Fraumeni syndrome hypothyroidism, 341 Looser zones (osteomalacia), 463 Luteal phase of menstrual cycle, 632
osteosarcomas, 465 mechanism and use, 574 Loperamide, 400, 551 Luteinizing hormone (LH)
tumor suppressor genes in, 46, 224 prenatal exposure, 298, 300 Lopinavir clomiphene effect, 656
Ligaments teratogenicity, 614 HIV therapy, 203 contraception, 657
female reproductive anatomy, 625 therapeutic index of, 234 Loratadine, 686 estrogen/progesterone, 630
gastrointestinal anatomy, 361 thyroid functions with, 249 Lorazepam hCG and, 617
Ligamentum arteriosum, 282 toxicity of, 569 alcohol withdrawal, 572 ovulation, 631
Ligamentum teres hepatis, 282, 361 Live attenuated vaccines, 111 Losartan, 610 PCOS, 645
Ligamentum venosum, 282 Liver Low birth weight, 635 premature ovarian failure, 636
Ligand receptors, 208 blood supply and innervation of, 364 Löwenstein-Jensen agar/medium, 126 secretion of, 327
Lightheadedness, 534 in gastrointestinal anatomy, 361 Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) sex development disorders, 639
Likelihood ratio (LR), 257 lipid transport and, 92 achalasia and, 376 signaling pathways of, 337
Limbic system, 499 tissue architecture, 367 in Barrett esophagus, 377 spermatogenesis, 628
Limited scleroderma (CREST Liver/biliary disease nitric oxide and, 371 testosterone, 658
syndrome), 115, 473 acanthocytes in, 414 Lower extremity nerves, 452–453 Lyme disease
Linagliptin, 353 alcoholic, 391 Lower left quadrant (LLQ) pain, 383 animal transmission, 149
Lindane, 200 anemia, 420 Lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions, AV block in, 295
Linea alba, 369 autoimmune, 389, 392, 395 530, 531 Borrelia burgdorferi, 146
Linear ulcers, 377 cirrhosis, 71, 80, 389 facial nerve, 532 ceftriaxone, 189







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 779 11/21/19 12:27 PM

780 INDEX INDEX




Lymphadenopathy kidney stones, 598 Major basic protein (MBP), 408 Marijuana
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 132 for pyruvate dehydrogenase Major depressive disorder (MDD) intoxication and withdrawal, 571
hilar, 675–676 complex deficiency, 77 diagnostic symptoms for, 561 Marine omega-3 fatty acids, 320
Lymphogranuloma venereum, 184 Lysogenic phage infection, 130 peripartum onset, 562 Masseter muscle, 507
mediastinal, 676 Lysosomal storage diseases, 47 vortioxetine use, 576 Mast cells, 408
mononucleosis, 165 causes and effects of, 88 Malabsorption syndromes, 381–382 IgE antibody and, 105
rubella, 169, 182–183 Lysosomal trafficking regulator gene, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, 65 Mast cell stabilizers, 687
serum sickness, 113 117 inflammatory bowel disease, 382 Mastectomy, 448
syphilis, 147, 184 Lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase, 87 Malaria Mastication muscles, 507
tinea capitis, 152 Lysozyme artesunate for, 200 Mastoid air cells, 621
Toxoplasma gondii, 182 innate immunity, 99 Plasmodium, 157 Mastoiditis
Trypanosoma brucei, 156 in neutrophils, 406 quinidine/quinine for, 200 brain abscesses, 180
in viral infections, 96 LYST gene, 117 Malassezia spp, 152, 476 Wegener granulomatosis, 315
Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) Lytic bone lesions Malathion, 200 Maternal diabetes
Wuchereria bancrofti, 159 adult T-cell lymphoma and, 430 Male/female genital homologs, 623 cardiac defect association, 300
Lymph drainage Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 434 Male genital embryology, 622 Maternal PKU, 84
gonadal, 624 Male reproductive anatomy, 626 Maternal (postpartum) blues, 562
superficial inguinal nodes, 624 M Male sexual response, 627 Maternal pregnancy complication,
Lymph nodes MacConkey agar, 126, 144 Malformation, 613 272
absent or scanty, 116 “Machine-like” murmur, 291 Malignancy Mature cystic teratoma, 647
drainage sites, 96–97 Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, marantic endocarditis in, 311 Mature ego defenses, 555
structure and function, 96 423 uterine bleeding with, 633 Maxillary artery, 619
T cell differentiation, 102 Macrocytic anemia, 420 Malignancy/hyperplasia Maxillary process, 620
tumor metastases, 223 Macroglobulinemia, 431 uterine bleeding with, 633 Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
Lymphocyte-depleted lymphoma, 429 Macrolides Malignant hypertension syndrome, 622
Lymphocyte-rich lymphoma, 429 cytochrome P-450 and, 252 microangiopathic hemolytic McArdle disease, 87
Lymphocytes, 409 hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and, anemia, 423 McBurney point, 383
breast milk and, 636 359 Malignant hyperthermia, 550–551 McCune-Albright syndrome, 57
CLL/small cell lymphocytic Legionella pneumophila, 143 Malignant mesothelioma, 227 McMurray test, 454
lymphoma, 432 mechanism and use, 193 Malignant tumors, 220 MDMA (ecstasy), 571
corticosteroid effect on, 424 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 150 bones, 465 Mean (statistics), 262
lymph nodes, 96 naming convention for, 253 Malingering, 566 Mean arterial pressure, 501
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 430 protein synthesis inhibition, 191 Malleus (ossicles), 533, 620 equation for, 285
spleen, 98 torsades de pointes, 248 Mallory bodies Measles, 183
thymus, 98 Macroorchidism, 62 in alcoholic hepatitis, 391 paramyxovirus, 167, 169
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Macro-ovalocytes, 415 Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 377 rubeola virus, 170
(LCMV), 167 Macrophages, 407 Malnutrition, 71 unvaccinated children, 186
Lymphocytic infiltrates alveolar, 662 superior mesenteric artery vitamin A for, 66
Bordetella pertussis, 143 apoptosis and, 208 syndrome and, 363 Measurement bias, 260
Lymphocytosis, 98 binding of, 104 Malrotation, 385 Measures of central tendency, 262
Lymphogranuloma venereum, 184 breast milk and, 636 “Maltese cross” appearance, 157, 594 Measures of dispersion, 262
Chlamydia trachomatis, 149 cell surface proteins, 110 MALT lymphomas Mebendazole, 200
Lymphoid hyperplasia, 383 cytokine secretion, 108 Helicobacter pylori, 146 microtubules and, 48
Lymphoid neoplasms, 432 endotoxin activation, 133 oncogenic microbes and, 226 mecA gene
Lymphoid structures, 96–97 innate immunity, 99 Sjögren syndrome, 468 penicillin resistance and, 135
Peyer patches, 362, 374 in lymph node, 96 Mammary glands, 613 Meckel diverticulum, 384, 618
Lymphomas lymphocyte interaction, 102 Mammillary bodies, 511 Meconium ileus, 386
carcinogens causing, 225 in MI, 305 limbic system, 499 cystic fibrosis, 60
celiac disease and, 381 necrosis and, 209 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 571 MECP2 gene, 62
cyclophosphamide for, 441 pneumoconioses, 677 Mandibular process, 620 Medial calcific sclerosis, 301
cytarabine for, 440 splenic, 98 Mango flies (disease vector), 159 Medial cerebellar lesions, 499
doxorubicin for, 439 in wound healing, 216 Manic episode, 560 Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
EBV and, 165 Macrosomia, 614 Man-in-the-barrel syndrome, 502 injury
etoposide/teniposide for, 442 Macula densa Mannitol, 607 in “unhappy triad,” 460
Hodgkin, 429 juxtaglomerular apparatus, 589 Mantle cell lymphomas, 430, 434 Medial epicondylitis, 459
hypercalcemia and, 228 Macular cherry-red spot, 88, 538 Mantle zone Medial femoral circumflex artery,
leukemia comparison, 429 Macular degeneration, 536 spleen, 98 463
methotrexate for, 440 Macules, 475 Maple syrup urine disease, 84 Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN),
nomenclature for, 220 melanocytic nevus, 477 Marantic endocarditis, 228, 311 498
non-Hodgkin, 430 Maculopapular rash Marasmus, 71 Medial lemniscus, 514
oncogene for, 208, 224 graft-versus-host disease, 119 Maraviroc, 203 Medial longitudinal fasciculus
oncogenic microbes, 226 measles, 170 Marburg hemorrhagic fever, 167 (MLF), 511, 543
paraneoplastic syndromes with, 228 syphilis, 147 Marcus Gunn pupils, 539 Medial malleolus, 455
of stomach, 379 Magnesium multiple sclerosis, 523 Medial medullary syndrome, 514
testicular, 653 antacid use, 399 Marfanoid habitus Medial meniscal tear, 460
Lymphopenias, 424 antiarrhythmic treatment, 324 homocystinuria, 84 Medial pterygoid muscle, 507
ataxia-telangiectasia, 117 cardiac glycoside toxicity, 321 MEN 2B syndrome and, 351 Medial rectus muscle, 540
corticosteroid effect on, 424 in laxatives, 401 Marfan syndrome Medial tibial stress syndrome, 461
Lynch syndrome, 388 PTH regulation, 332 aortic dissection and, 303 Medial umbilical ligament, 282, 369
mismatch repair and, 40 torsades de pointes and, 294 cardiac defect association, 300 Median (statistics), 262
Lyonization (x-inactivation) Magnesium hydroxide, 399 cataracts, 535 “Median claw,” 451
Barr body formation, 61 Magnesium sulfate chromosome association, 64 Median nerve
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 571 preeclampsia/eclampsia, 643 elastin and, 52 carpal tunnel syndrome, 459
Lysine Maintenance dose, 231 heart murmur with, 291 injury to, 447
classification of, 81 Maintenance stage, substance thoracic aortic aneurysm and, 302 neurovascular pairing, 455
in cystinuria, 85 addiction, 568 Marginal zone lymphoma, 430, 434 Median umbilical ligament, 369







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 780 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 781




Mediastinal lymphadenopathy, 676 Melasma (chloasma), 476 Menopause, 636 rate-determining enzymes, 73
Mediastinal pathology, 672 MELAS syndrome, 59 hormone replacement therapy, 657 summary of pathways, 74
Mediastinitis, 672 Melatonin primary ovarian insufficiency, 645 TCA cycle, 77
in pulmonary anthrax, 137 circadian rhythms and, 497 Turner syndrome, 638 tyrosine catabolism, 83
Medical abortion Melatonin receptor agonist Menorrhagia, 633 urea cycle, 82
ethical situations, 268 Ramelteon as, 547 anemia with, 418 Metacarpal neck fracture, 459
methotrexate for, 440 Melena Menstrual cycle Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints,
Medical errors Meckel diverticulum, 384, 618 estrogens for, 656 451
analysis of, 274 polyarteritis nodosa, 314 heavy bleeding (AUB/HMB), 633 Metachromatic granules
assessment of, 268 Meloxicam, 486 phases of, 632 Corynebacterium diphtheriae
types of, 274 Memantine, 549 Meperidine, 551 diagnosis, 139
Medical insurance plans, 271 Membrane attack complex (MAC), Mepivacaine, 550 Metachromatic leukodystrophy, 88,
Medical power of attorney, 266 104 Mercury poisoning, 248 524
Medicare/Medicaid, 272 complement and, 106 Merkel discs, 494 Metalloproteinases, 216
Medication errors, 274 Membranoproliferative Merlin protein, 224 Metal storage diseases, 210
Medication noncompliance, 268 glomerulonephritis MERS (Middle East respiratory Metanephros, 578
Medium-chain acyl-CoA (MPGN), 596 syndrome), 167 Metaphase, 46
dehydrogenase deficiency, hepatitis B and C, 173 Mesalamine, 382 Metaplasia, 206
89 Membranous glomerular disorders, Mesangial cells benign breast disease, 649
Medium-vessel vasculitis 594 juxtaglomerular apparatus, 589 esophagus, 378
presentation and pathology, 314 hepatitis B and C, 173 Mesencephalon, 490 intestinal, 379
Medroxyprogesterone, 657 Membranous interventricular Mesenchymal tumors specialized intestinal, 378
Medulla (brain) septum, 281 nomenclature of, 220 Metastases
adrenal cortex and, 327 Membranous nephropathy, 597 Mesenteric arteries, 363 common, 223
cranial nerves and nuclei, 505 primary autoantibody, 115 Mesenteric ischemia, 386 Metastasis, 219, 223
development of, 490 Membranous ossification, 458 Mesocortical pathway, 499 gastric cancer, 379
spinal tracts and, 509 Membranous urethra injury, 627 Mesoderm, 490 heart tumors from, 316
strokes in, 514–515 Membranous ventricular septum, 281 branchial arches derivation, 619 liver cancer, 392
Medulla (lymph nodes) Memory derivatives of, 613 lung, cancer, 684
lymph nodes, 96 neural structures and, 499 Mesolimbic pathway, 499 Metastatic calcification, 211
thymus, 102 Memory loss Mesometrium, 625 Metastatic melanoma
Medullary breast carcinomas, 650 anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct, 622 vemurafenib for, 444
Medullary cystic kidney disease, 228 Mesonephros, 578 Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints
604 lead poisoning, 425 Mesosalpinx, 625 gout, 467
Medullary thyroid carcinomas, 343, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 511 Mesothelioma, 678 Metencephalon, 490
351 MEN1 gene, 224, 352 carcinogens causing, 225 Metformin, 353
Medulloblastoma, 350, 528 Ménétrier disease, 379 Psammoma bodies in, 227 diarrhea with, 249
“Medusa head” appearance, 137 Ménière disease, 534 Mesovarium, 625 Methacholine, 240
Mefloquine, 157 Menin, 224 Mestranol, 656 Methadone, 551
Megacolon Meninges, 496 Meta-analysis, 263, 264 heroin addiction, 576
Chagas disease, 158 Meningiomas, 526 Metabolic acidosis, 592
in Hirschsprung disease, 384 Psammoma bodies in, 227 adrenal insufficiency, 349 intoxication and withdrawal, 570
Megakaryocytes in essential Meningitis renal failure, 603 Methamphetamine, 572
thrombocythemia, 433 ceftriaxone, 189 symptoms of, 593 Methanol toxicity, 248
Megaloblastic anemia, 420 chloramphenicol, 192 Metabolic alkalosis, 592 Methemoglobin, 666
cytarabine, 440 coccidioidomycosis, 151 hyperaldosteronism, 349 toxicity treatment, 248
Diphyllobothrium latum, 160 common causes, 180 in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Methemoglobinemia, 666
drug reaction and, 250 Cryptococcus neoformans, 153 359 local anesthetics and, 550
orotic aciduria, 420 CSF findings in, 180 loop diuretics, 608 Methicillin, 249
trimethoprim, 194 fluconazole, 199 nephron transport, 586 Methimazole, 354
tropical sprue, 381 flucytosine, 199 thiazides, 609 agranulocytosis, 250
vitamin B deficiency, 68 Haemophilus influenzae, 142 Metabolic disorders aplastic anemia, 250
9
vitamin B deficiency, 69 headaches with, 518 fructose, 80 teratogenicity, 614
12
Megestrol, 657 HIV-positive adults, 177 galactose, 80 Methionine
Meglitinides, 353 Listeria monocytogenes, 139 glycogen storage, 87 classification of, 81
Meissner corpuscles, 494 meningococci, 142 lysosomal storage diseases, 88–89 start codons, 44
Meissner plexus, 384 mumps, 170 Metabolic fuel use, 91 sulfonamides and, 194
Melanocytes in neonates, 182 Metabolic syndrome Methotrexate, 440
tumor nomenclature in, 220 rifamycin prophylaxis, 196 with antipsychotic drugs, 573 folate deficiency, 420
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hydatidiform moles, 642
(MSH) Streptococcus agalactiae, 137 and, 391 megaloblastic anemia, 250
function of, 328 unvaccinated children, 186 Metabolism, 72–94 pulmonary fibrosis, 251
secretion of, 327 Meningocele, 491 amino acid derivatives, 83 pyrimidine synthesis and, 36
signaling pathways of, 337 Meningococcal prophylaxis, 198 amino acids, 81 rheumatoid arthritis, 466
Melanocytic nevus, 477 Meningococcal vaccine, 127 apolipoproteins, 93 targets of, 438
Melanoma, 484 Meningococcemia cellular sites of, 72 teratogenicity, 614
common metastases, 223 endotoxins, 131 disorders of, 81, 84–85 vitamin B deficiency, 68
9
immunohistochemical stain for, Meningococci, 131, 142 drugs, 232 as weak acid, 233
227 Meningoencephalitis dyslipidemias, 94 Methoxyflurane, 550
nomenclature for, 220 HSV-2, 182 ethanol, 72, 232 Methylation
oncogene, 224 Naegleria fowleri, 156 fatty acid, 89 histones, 45
origin of, 220 West Nile virus, 167 fuel use, 91 Methyldopa
recombinant cytokines for Meningomyelocele, 491 gluconeogenesis, 78 Coombs-positive hemolytic
metastatic, 121 Menkes disease glycogen and, 86 anemia, 250
tumor suppressor gene, 224 mechanism and symptoms, 51 lipoprotein functions, 93, 94 hypertension in pregnancy, 316
Melarsoprol, 156, 200 protein (ATP7A), 51 pyruvate, 77 Methylene blue, 248







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 781 11/21/19 12:27 PM

782 INDEX INDEX




Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Micromelia, 614 Mitral valve prolapse, 291 MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA autoantibody,
(MTHFR) deficiency, 84 Microphthalmia, 63 fragile X syndrome, 62 115
Methylmalonic acid MicroRNA (miRNA), 42, 56 Marfan syndrome, 52 M protein
vitamin B deficiency, 69 Microscopic polyangiitis, 315 renal cyst disorders and, 604 rheumatic fever and, 136
12
vitamin B deficiency, 68 Microsporum, 152 Mittelschmerz, 631 as virulence factor, 129
9
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, 69 Microtubule inhibitors, 441 Mixed cellularity lymphoma, 429 mRNA
Methylmercury teratogenicity, 614 Microtubules, 48 Mixed connective tissue disease, 470 aminoglycosides, 191
Methylnaltrexone, 551 drugs acting on, 48 autoantibody, 115 hepatitis viruses, 172
Methylphenidate structure and function of, 48 Raynaud phenomenon, 472 pre-mRNA splicing, 42
ADHD, 557, 572 Micturition center, 237 Mixed cryoglobulinemia, 315 processing, 41
CNS stimulant, 572 Midazolam, 546, 550 Mixed transcortical aphasia, 516 protease inhibitors, 203
Methyltestosterone, 658 Midbrain MMR vaccine, 170 stop codons, 44
Methylxanthines, 687 brain, 490 Mobitz AV blocks, 295 MRSA (methicillin-resistant
Metoclopramide, 400 cranial nerve nuclei of, 505 Moccasin distribution (tinea pedis), 152 Staphylococcus aureus)
Parkinson-like syndrome, 251 lesions in, 511 Modafinil, 568 cephalosporins, 189
tardive dyskinesia, 251 Middlebrook medium, 126 Mode (statistics), 262 highly resistant, 198
Metolazone, 609 Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Molecular mimicry nosocomial infections, 135
Metoprolol, 245, 323 cortical distribution, 502 autoimmune response in oxazolidinones, 193
Metronidazole saccular aneurysms, 516 rheumatic fever, 129 vancomycin, 190
bacterial vaginosis, 148 stroke effects, 514 Molecular motor proteins, 48 mTOR
clindamycin vs, 192 Middle meningeal artery Molluscum contagiosum, 164, 479 sirolimus (rapamycin) inhibition
Clostridium difficile, 138 epidural hematoma and, 513 Mönckeberg sclerosis, 301 of, 120
for Crohn disease, 382 Middle rectal vein, 365 “Monday disease,” 318 Mucicarmine stain
disulfiram-like reaction, 251 Midgut Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors polysaccharide capsule staining, 125
Giardia lamblia, 155 blood supply/innervation of, 364 atypical depression, 561 Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 646
Helicobacter pylori, 146 development of, 358 mechanism and clinical use, 575 Mucinous cystadenoma, 646
mechanism and use, 195 Midgut volvulus, 386 Parkinson disease, 549 Mucociliary escalator, 662
vaginal infections, 181 Midodrine, 242 selegiline/rasagiline, 549 Mucocutaneous lymph node
vaginitis, 158 Mifepristone, 657 tyramine and, 244 syndrome, 314
Mevalonate synthesis, 320 Miglitol, 353 Monobactams, 190 Mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 376
Mexiletine, 322 Migraine headaches, 518 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Mucopolysaccharides
Meyer loop, 542 hormonal contraception Monoclonal antibodies Periodic acid-Schiff stain, 125
MHC (major histocompatibility contraindication, 657 drug names for, 254 Mucopolysaccharidoses, 88
complex) I and II, 100 triptans for, 547 Monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) Mucormycosis
Micafungin, 200 Migrating motor complexes (MMC), overproduction, 431 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347
Michaelis-Menten kinetics, 230 371 Monocytes, 407 Mucor spp
Miconazole, 199 Migratory polyarthritis, 312 innate immunity, 99 amphotericin B for, 199
Microalbuminuria, 346 Milnacipran, 575 morulae in, 150 opportunistic infection, 153
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Mineralocorticoids Monospot test, 165 Mucosa, 362
(MAHA), 423 adrenal insufficiency, 349 Monozygotic (“identical”) twins, 616 Mucosal cells, 372
hypertensive emergency and, adrenal steroids and, 335 Montelukast, 687 Mucosal neuromas, 351
300 Mineral oil, 65 Mood Mucosal polyps, 387
intravascular hemolysis in, 421 Minimal alveolar concentration, oxytocin’s role in regulating, 328 Mucositis
Microarrays, 54 549 Mood disorder, 560 methotrexate, 440
Microbiology, 123–204 Minocycline, 192 readmissions with, 272 Mucus, 238
antimicrobials, 187–204 Minors, consent for, 265 Mood stabilizing drugs, 561 “Muddy brown” casts (urine), 594
bacteriology, 124–134 Minoxidil, 658 Morbidly adherent placenta, 640 Mulberry molars, 147
clinical bacteriology, 134–150 Minute ventilation, 664 Moro reflex, 510, 635 Müllerian duct
mycology, 151–154 Miosis Morphine, 551 agenesis, 622
oncogenic organisms, 226 cholinomimetic agents, 552 for acute coronary syndromes, 307 anomalies of, 623
parasitology, 155–161 Horner syndrome, 531, 540 intoxication and withdrawal, 570 derivatives of, 622
systems, 178–186 pupillary control, 539 Morphogenesis Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF), 622
virology, 162–177 sympatholytic drugs, 243 of heart, 280–281 Sertoli cell production, 628
Microbiome Mirabegron, 242 errors in, 613 Multicystic dysplastic kidney, 578, 579
in innate immunity, 99 Mirtazapine, 244, 576 Morulae, 150 Multidrug resistance protein 1
Microcephaly, 63 major depressive disorder, 561 Mosaic bone architecture, 464 (MDR1), 227
cri-du-chat syndrome, 64 Mismatch repair, 40 Mosaicism, 57 Multifactorial pulmonary
fetal alcohol syndrome, 615 Misoprostol, 399 Mosquitoes (disease vectors) hypertension, 679
maternal phenylketonuria, 84 Missense mutations, 39 lymphatic filariasis, 159 Multiorgan drug reactions, 251
maternal X-ray exposure, 614 Mites/louse treatment, 200 malaria, 157 Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN
Patau syndrome, 63 Mitochondria Zika virus, 171 syndromes), 351
with zika virus, 171 high altitude and, 670 Motilin, 371 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 351
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia, metabolism in, 72 Motion sickness, 241 Multiple gestations, 633
418–419 Mitochondrial encephalopathy, 59 Motor cortex, 514 Multiple myeloma
Ancylostoma, 161 Mitochondrial inheritance, 59 descending spinal tracts, 509 bortezomib/carfilzomib in, 443
Microcytosis, 214 Mitochondrial myopathies, 59 topographic representation, 502 common metastases, 223
Microdeletion Mitosis, 46 ventral lateral thalamus and, 498 ESR in, 214
congenital, 64 griseofulvin, 200 Motor innervation metastatic calcification, 211
fluorescent in situ hybridization Mitral regurgitation, 288 derivation of, 620 monoclonal gammopathy
and, 55 in MI, 305 lower extremity, 452 transition to, 431
22q11, 116 murmurs caused by, 290, 291 tongue, 493 plasma cell dyscrasia, 409
Microfilaments, 48 Mitral stenosis, 288 Motor neuron signs, 529 Multiple personality disorder, 558
Microglia, 490, 493 murmurs caused by, 291 Movement disorders, 519 Multiple sclerosis, 523
Micrognathia Mitral valve dopaminergic pathways and, 499 drug therapy for, 551
Edwards syndrome, 63 in cardiac cycle, 287 Moxifloxacin, 195 HLA-DR2 and, 100
Pierre Robin sequence, 620 regurgitation in, 312 M phase, 46 internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 543







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 782 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 783




natalizumab for, 122 HLA subtype association, 100 drugs causing, 444 Nails
recombinant cytokines for, 121 neostigmine for, 240 hydroxyurea, 442 clubbing, 60
Mumps, 170 as paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 irinotecan/topotecan, 442 glomus tumors under, 478
acute pancreatitis with, 397 pyridostigmine for, 240 Myenteric plexus, 362 hemorrhages in bed of, 311
paramyxovirus, 167, 169 restrictive lung diseases, 675 Mylohyoid muscle, 620 with psoriatic arthritis, 469
Munchausen syndrome, 566 MYCL1 gene, 224 Myocardial action potential, 292 Naïve T cell activation, 103
Munchausen syndrome by proxy, 566 MYCN gene, 224 Myocardial depression, 550 Naked viral genome infectivity, 163
Murphy sign, 396 Mycobacterial cells, 196 Myocardial infarction (MI), 304 Nalbuphine, 551
Muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) Mycobacterium spp, 140 antiarrhythmics after, 322 Naloxone
receptors, 236 Gram stain, 125 β-blockers for, 245 dextromethorphan overdose, 686
Muscarinic agonists, 237 intracellular organism, 127 complications of, 307 heroin detoxification, 576
Muscarinic antagonists, 237, 241, 687 Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 125 diabetes mellitus, 346 for opioid toxicity, 248, 551
multiple sclerosis, 523 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, diagnosis of, 306 opioid toxicity, 570
neuromuscular blocking drugs, 140 on ECG, 293 Naltrexone
550, 551 HIV-positive adults, 177 ECG localization of STEMI, 306 alcoholism, 571
Parkinson disease, 548 prophylaxis with HIV, 198 evolution of, 305 heroin detoxification, 576
Muscarinic receptor vertebral osteomyelitis, 180 heart failure caused by, 309 opioid toxicity, 551
detrusor muscle, in, 237 Mycobacterium leprae heparin for, 436 2-naphthylamine, 225
Muscle conduction/contraction animal transmission, 149 homocystinuria, 84 Naproxen, 486
skeletal, 456 diagnosis, 141 hypertensive emergency and, 300 acute gout drugs, 487
smooth muscle, 457 rifamycins/dapsone, 196 shock caused by, 310 Narcissistic personality disorder, 565
Muscle proprioceptors, 458 Mycobacterium marinum, 140 thrombolytics for, 437 Narcolepsy
Muscles Mycobacterium pneumoniae, 126 Myocardial O consumption/ amphetamines for, 242
2
atrophy of, 42 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, 140 demand, 284 characteristics/treatment, 568
in starvation, 91 Mycobacterium spp angina treatment, 319 hypnagogic/hypnopompic
metabolism in, 86 facultative intracellular organisms, Myocarditis, 313 hallucinations, 568
ragged red fibers in, 59 127 adenovirus, 164 Narrow-angle glaucoma, 536
Muscle spindled, 458 Mycobacterium tuberculosis coxsackievirus, 167 Nasal congestion, 686
Muscular dystrophies, 61 culture requirements for, 126 diphtheria, 139 Nasal decongestion
frameshift mutation, 61 osteomyelitis, 180 picornaviruses, 167 ephedrine for, 242
X-linked recessive disorder, 61 reactivation site, 140 Toxocara canis, 159 Nasal polyps
Muscularis externa, 362 symptoms of, 140 Myoclonic seizures, 517 cystic fibrosis, 60
Muscular ventricular septum, 281 therapeutic agents, 196, 197 Myoclonus, 519, 521 Nasal septum perforation, 315
Musculocutaneous nerve Mycolic acid Myofibroblasts, 216 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
injury presentation, 447 isoniazid, 197 Myoglobin, 665 EBV and, 165
Musculoskeletal drug reactions, 250 synthesis of, 196 ooxygen-hemoglobin dissociation oncogenic microbes and, 226
Musculoskeletal paraneoplastic Mycology, 151–154 curve, 666 Natalizumab, 122
syndromes, 228 Mycophenolate mofetil, 120 Myoglobinuria multiple sclerosis, 523
Musculoskeletal system inosine monophosphate acute tubular necrosis, 602 Nateglinide, 353
anatomy, 446–454 dehydrogenase inhibition, 36 McArdle disease, 87 National Board of Medical Examiners
common conditions, 461 Mycoplasma spp Myonecrosis, 138 (NBME), 2, 11
pathology, 459–467 atypical organisms, 179 Myopathy Natriuresis, 588
pharmacology, 485–487 Gram stain, 125 daptomycin, 195 Natriuretic peptide, 296
Mutase, 73 macrolides, 193 drug reaction and, 250 Natural killer (NK) cells, 101, 409
Mutations pneumonia caused by, 150, 179, 683 Myophosphorylase, 87 cell surface proteins, 110
BRAF, 432 tetracyclines, 192 Myopia, 535 function of, 409
BRCA1 gene, 56 Mycoses retinal detachment, 537 innate immunity, 99
COL3A1, 51 cutaneous, 152 Myotonic dystrophy, 61 Nausea
de novo, 62 systemic, 151 cataracts and, 535 adverse drug effects, 400
drug resistance mechanisms, 196 Mycosis fungoides, 430 Myxedema antiemetics for, 401
in HbS and HbC, 410 Mydriasis thyroid hormones for, 354 with appendicitis, 383
JAK2, 433 glaucoma treatment and, 552 Myxomas, 316 biliary colic, 396
locus heterogeneity in, 57 G-protein-linked second receptor, Myxomatous degeneration, 291 with MI, 305
muscular dystrophies, 61 238 migraine headaches, 518
myelodysplastic syndromes, 432 muscarinic antagonists for, 241 N ranolazine, 319
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 430 pupillary control, 539 N-acetylglucosaminyl-1- renal failure, 603
in PBPs, 187 saccular aneurysm, 516 phosphotransferase, 47 vitamin A toxicity, 66
same locus, 57 Myelencephalon, 490 N-acetylcysteine, 686 vitamin C toxicity, 69
STAT3, 116 Myelin, 494 for acetaminophen toxicity, 248 Nebivolol, 245
thalassemia and, 418 Myeloblasts (peripheral smear), 432 for cystic fibrosis, 60 Necator spp
tumor suppressor genes, 46, 525 Myelodysplastic syndromes, 432 NADH (reduced nicotinamide disease associations, 161
WT1 deletion, 606 sideroblastic anemia, 419 adenine dinucleotide) infection routes, 158
Myalgias Myelofibrosis, 433 electron transport chain, 78 Necator americanus, 159
Ebola virus, 171 Myeloid neoplasms, 432 fructose metabolism, 80 Neck and head cancer, 671
fluoroquinolones, 195 Myelomeningocele, 63, 492 TCA cycle, 77 cetuximab for, 442
genital herpes, 184 Myeloperoxidase, 109 Nadolol, 245 Necrosis, 209
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, 148 H O degradation, 128 NADPH (reduced nicotinamide acute pancreatitis, 397
2
2
Leptospira interrogans, 147 in neutrophils, 406 adenine dinucleotide Arthus reaction, 113
Lyme disease, 146 Myeloproliferative disorders phosphate) benign tumors, 220
meningitis, 186 in AML, 432 ethanol metabolism, 72 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392
Trichinella spiralis, 159, 161 chronic, 433 HMP shunt and, 79 calcification, 211
trichinosis, 159 hydroxyurea for, 442 respiratory burst and, 109 enterocolitis, 386
vasculitides, 314 Myeloschisis, 491 universal electron acceptors, 75 femoral head, 120, 461, 463
Myasthenia gravis, 472 Myelosuppression Naegleria fowleri, 156 fibrinoid, 466
autoantibody, 115 alkylating agents, 441 Nafcillin glioblastoma multiforme, 526
diagnosis of, 240 antimetabolites, 440 characteristics of, 188 hepatic, 485






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 783 11/21/19 12:27 PM

784 INDEX INDEX




Necrosis (continued) jaundice in, 393 Neuroblastomas, 350 IL-8 and, 108
hernias and, 370 kernicterus, 194, 204 incidence and mortality, 222 innate immunity, 99
jaw, 486 Listeria monocytogenes in, 139 oncogenes and, 224 left shift, 424
mesenteric ischemia, 386 low birth weight, 635 paraneoplastic syndromes with, 228 in leukocyte adhesion deficiency,
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, meningitis in, 182 Neurocutaneous disorders, 525 117
391 necrotizing enterocolitis and, 386 Neurodegenerative disorders, LTB4, 485
saponification, 209 obesity risk factors, 636 520–522 megaloblastic anemia, 420
scaphoid avascular, 449 pneumonia in, 149 drug therapy for, 549 in MI, 305
transplant reaction, 119 primitive reflexes in, 510 Neuroectoderm, 490 necrosis and, 209
warfarin, 436 sickle cell anemia in, 422 derivatives of, 612 nonmegaloblastic anemia, 420
Necrotizing enterocolitis, 386 Streptococcus agalactiae in, 137 pituitary gland, 327 pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly, 432
Necrotizing fasciitis, 479 TORCH manifestations in, 182 Neuroendocrine tumors, 350 stimulation of, 44
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Neoplasia Neurofibromatosis, 535 wound healing, 216
strep), 136 pathology of, 219–226, 518 chromosome association, 64 Nevi, 220
Necrotizing glomerulonephritis, 315 Neoplastic progression, 219 inheritance, 60 Nevirapine
Negative predictive value (NPV), 257 Neoplastic transformation, 216 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 cytochrome P-450 and, 252
Negative punishment, 554 adenomatous polyps, 387 typesI and II, 525 HIV therapy, 203
Negative reinforcement, 554 Neostigmine, 240 variable expressivity, 56 NF1/NF2 genes, 224
Negative skew distribution, 262 Nephritic-nephrotic syndrome Neurofilaments N-formylmethionine (fMet), 44
Negative-stranded viruses, 168 etiology and presentation, 595 cytoskeletal element, 48 NF-κB, 120
Neglect (child), 556 Nephritic syndrome, 596–597 immunohistochemical stain for, Niacin
Negri bodies, 171 etiology and presentation, 595 227 cutaneous flushing, 248
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Nephritis, 608 Neurogenic ileus, 240 gout, 250
culture requirements, 126 Nephroblastoma, 606 Neurohypophysis, 327 hyperglycemia, 249
epididymitis and orchitis, 654 Nephrocalcinosis, 211 hypothalamus and, 498 myopathy caused by, 250
osteomyelitis, 180 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 211, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Nicardipine, 318
septic arthritis, 468 338 (NMS), 551, 569 Nicotinamides, 75
STI, 184 lithium toxicity, 569 Neurological signs Nicotine
UTIs with, 600 treatment, 609 proximal upper and lower intoxication and withdrawal, 571
Neisseria meningitidis Nephrolithiasis, 606 extremity, 502 teratogenicity, 614
chloramphenicol, 192 calcium oxalate, 69 Neurologic drug reactions, 251 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,
culture requirements, 126 Nephron physiology, 585 Neurology and special senses, 166, 236
encapsulation, 127 Nephropathy 490–544 Niemann-Pick disease, 88
meningitis, 180 diabetes mellitus, 346 anatomy/physiology, 493–515 Nifedipine, 316, 318, 643
penicillin G/V for, 187 hypertension and, 300 embryology, 490–492 Nifurtimox, 158, 200
Waterhouse-Friderichsen protease inhibitors, 203 ophthalmology, 534–541 Night terrors
syndrome, 349 transplant rejection, 119 otology, 533–534 benzodiazepines for, 497
Neisseria spp Nephrotic syndrome, 597 pathology, 511–518 Nigrostriatal pathway, 499
C5-C9 deficiencies, 107 early-onset, 606 pharmacology, 544–551 Nikolsky sign
cephalosporins, 189 ESR in, 214 Neuromuscular blocking drugs, 551 blistering skin disorders, 480
fluoroquinolones, 195 etiology and presentation, 595 Neuromuscular disorders scalded skin syndrome, 479
gram-negative algorithm, 142 fatty casts in, 594 paraneoplastic syndromes, 228 Nilotinib, 443
IgA protease, 129 TBG and, 331 Neuromuscular junction Nimodipine, 318, 513
intracellular organism, 127 Nephrotoxicity skeletal muscle, 236 Nipple
transformation in, 130 aminoglycosides, 191 diseases of, 472 intraductal papilloma, 649
Nelson syndrome, 348 amphotericin B, 199 Neurons, 493 lactational mastitis, 649
Nematodes, 159 cidofovir, 202 in ascending spinal tracts, 509 Nissl bodies, 46
infection routes, 158 cisplatin/carboplatin, 442 local anesthetics, 550 Nissl substance
Neomycin cladribine, 440 origins of, 490 chromatolysis, 495
aminoglycosides, 191 drug reaction and, 251 Parkinson disease, 548 neurons, 493
Neonatal abstinence syndrome, 615 drugs causing, 444 primary motor cortex, 509 Nitazoxanide, 155
Neonatal conjunctivitis immunosuppressants, 120 Neuron-specific enolase, 226, 350 Nitrates, 319
Chlamydia trachomatis, 149 inhaled anesthetics, 550 Neuropathic pain, 515 mechanism and clinical use, 318
Neonatal pneumonia streptomycin, 197 Neuropathy Nitric oxide, 371
Group B streptococci, 179 sulfonamides, 194 diabetes mellitus, 346 free radical injury and, 210
Neonatal respiratory distress Nerve blockade (local anesthetics), Neurosyphilis, 147 Nitrites
syndrome (NRDS), 661 550 Neurotoxicity urinary tract infections, 181
Neonates Nerve fibers, 495 cladribine, 440 Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction
abstinence syndrome, 615 Nerves immunosuppressants, 120 test, 117
Apgar score, 634 lower extremity, 452, 453 methylmercury exposure, 614 Nitrofurantoin
Candida albicans in, 153 upper extremity, 446, 447 methylxanthines, 687 hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250
coagulation cascade in, 413 Nerve trunk, 495 vincristine, 441 pulmonary fibrosis, 251
conjunctivitis, 142, 149 Nesiritide, 296 Neurotransmitters Nitroglycerin, 318
deprivation effects, 556 Neural crest bacterial toxin effects, 132 acute coronary syndromes, 307
esophageal atresia in, 359 derivatives of, 613 changes with disease, 495 angina, 304
flora with C-section, 178 Neural crest cells, 490, 494 vomiting center receptors, 496 Nitroprusside, 318
galactosemia in, 80 Neural development, 490 Neurovascular pairing, 455 Nitrosamines
gastroenteritis, 168 Neural plate, 490 Neutralization (antibody), 104 as carcinogens, 225
gray baby syndrome in, 192 Neural tube, 490 Neutropenia, 424 stomach cancer and, 379
hemolytic anemia in, 422 derivatives, 613 ganciclovir, 202 Nitrosoureas, 441
herpes in, 164 formation, 612 rheumatoid arthritis, 466 Nitrous oxide, 550
hyperthermia in, 241 Neural tube defects, 491 ticlopidine, 437 Nizatidine, 399
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in, maternal diabetes, 614 Neutrophils, 406 NMDA receptor antagonist
359 prevention, 68 chemotaxis, 44, 106, 133, 406, 485, ketamine as, 550
indirect inguinal hernia in, 370 valproic acid, 544 487, 691 memantine as, 549
intraventricular hemorrhage, 512 Neuraminidase, 169–170 corticosteroid effect on, 424 N-myc oncogene, 350







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 784 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 785




NNRTIs, 203 peptic ulcer disease and, 380 Null hypothesis, 263 “OK gesture,” 451
Nocardia spp rheumatoid arthritis, 466 Number needed to harm (NNH), Olanzapine, 573
aerobic culture requirements, 126 for sialadenitis, 376 258 Olfaction
comparison with Actinomyces spp, Non-ST-segment elevation MI Number needed to treat (NNT), hallucinations, 559
139 (NSTEMI) 258 limbic system in, 499
effects and treatment, 139 diagnosis of, 306 Nursemaid’s elbow, 461 Olfactory nerve (CN I), 506
necrosis and, 209 STEMI vs, 304 Nutcracker syndrome, 363 Oligoclonal bands, 523
sulfonamides for, 194 treatment, 307 Nutmeg liver, 309, 392 Oligodendrocytes, 494
urease-positive, 127 Noradrenergic drugs, 574 Nutrition, 65–72 Oligodendroglia, 490
Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 125 Norepinephrine (NE) Nyctalopia, 66 in multiple sclerosis, 494
Nocturia, 654 adrenal medulla secretion, 327 Nystagmus Oligodendrogliomas, 526
Nocturnal enuresis, 329 amphetamines and, 239 cerebellum, 499 Oligohydramnios, 578, 641
Nodes of Ranvier, 494 bupropion effect on, 576 common lesions with, 511 Oligomenorrhea, 633
Nodular phlebitis, 314 changes with disease, 495 Friedreich ataxia, 531 Oligomycin, 78
Nodular sclerosis lymphoma, 429 circadian rhythm, 497 internuclear ophthalmoplegia, Oligospermia, 400
Noise-induced hearing loss, 533 direct sympathomimetic, 242 543 Olive-shaped mass, 359
Nonadherent patients, 268 isoproterenol vs, 243 PCP, 571 Omalizumab, 122, 687
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 389, male sexual response, 627 phenytoin, 544 Ombitasvir, 204
390, 391, 392 MAO inhibitor effects, 575 stroke and, 514 Omental foramen, 361
Nonbacterial endocarditis, 311 opioid effect on, 551 Nystatin, 199 Omeprazole, 399
Nonbacterial thrombotic pheochromocytoma secretion, 350 Omphalocele, 358
endocarditis, 228 release regulation, 239 O Omphalomesenteric cysts, 384
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, 546 REM sleep and, 497 Obesity Omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct,
Noncaseating granulomas vitamin B and, 67 amphetamine for, 242 618
6
sarcoidosis, 676 Norethindrone, 657 anovulation with, 645 Onchocerca volvulus, 159
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, Norfloxacin, 195 cholelithiasis and, 396 Oncocytoma (renal), 605
522 Normal distribution, 262 DM type 2 and, 347 Oncogenes, 224
Noncompetitive agonists, 234 Normal flora esophageal cancer and, 378 Oncogenic microbes, 226
Noncompetitive antagonist, 234 colonic, 137 hypertension risk factors, 300 Ondansetron, 400
Noncompetitive inhibitors, 230 female genital tract, 136 hypoventilation syndrome, 679 torsades de pointes, 248
Noncompliant patients, 268 GI tract, 127 lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, 1,25-(OH) D 3
2
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular neonates, 178 452 kidney endocrine function, 589
blocking drugs, 551 oropharynx, 136 osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, “100-day cough,” 132
Nondominant parietal cortex lesions, skin, 135 466 Onion skin periosteal reaction, 465
511 Normal pressure hydrocephalus, 522 renal cell carcinoma association, Onychomycosis
Non-frameshift mutations Normal splitting, 289 605 terbinafine, 199
deletions, 61 Normocytic anemia, 421 sleep apnea, 679 tinea unguium, 152
Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia, Norovirus, 167 stress incontinence and, 599 Oocysts
421 Northern blot, 53 Obligate intracellular organisms, acid-fast stain, 155
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 430 Nortriptyline, 575 127 Toxoplasmosis, 156
corticosteroids, 120 Nosocomial infections, 274 Observational studies, 256 Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 125
Hashimoto thyroiditis and, 341 Acinetobacter baumannii, 142 errors in, 260–261 Oogenesis, 631
hepatitis C, 173 Ebola, 171 Observer-expectancy bias, 260 Oophorectomy, 625
HIV-positive adults, 177 enterococci, 137 Obsessive-compulsive disorder Open-angle glaucoma, 536
Hodgkin lymphoma vs, 429 Klebsiella, 145 (OCD) carbachol for, 240
oncogenes and, 224 MRSA, 135 diagnostic criteria/treatment, 563 pilocarpine for, 240
rituximab for, 443 pneumonias, 179 drug therapy for, 572 Operant conditioning, 554
vinca alkaloids for, 441 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 SSRIs for, 575 Ophthalmology, 534–541
Nonhomologous end joining, 40 risk factors, 185 Tourette syndrome and, 557 Ophthalmoplegia
Nonmaleficence (ethics), 265 UTIs as, 181 venlafaxine for, 575 cavernous sinus syndrome, 542
Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic Notochord, 490, 612–613 Obsessive-compulsive personality common lesions with, 511
anemia, 420 postnatal derivative of, 282 disorder, 566 internuclear, 543
Nonnormal distributions, 262 Novobiocin Obstructive jaundice, 398 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,
Nonoverlapping genetic code, 37 gram-positive antibiotic test, 134 Obstructive lung diseases, 674–675 571
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, 337 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 135 flow volume loops in, 673 Opioid analgesics, 551
Non-REM sleep stages, 497 NRTIs, 203 Obstructive shock, 310 agonists, 551
Nonselective antagonists, 245 NS3/4A inhibitors, 204 Obstructive sleep apnea, 679 Beers criteria, 247
Nonsense mutations, 39 NS5A inhibitors, 204 pulsus paradoxus in, 310 detoxification and relapse
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NS5B inhibitors, 204 Obturator nerve, 452 prevention, 576
(NSAIDs), 486 Nuchal translucency, 63 Occipital cortex, 515 intoxication and withdrawal, 570
acute pericarditis, 313 Nucleic acids Occipital lobe, 501 mechanism and use, 551
aplastic anemia, 250 pathogen-associated molecular Occipital sinus, 503 mixed agonist/antagonist
Beers criteria, 247 pattern (PAMP), 99 Occult bleeding, 387 analgesics, 552
calcium pyrophosphate deposition Nucleosome, 34 FOBT for, 388 receptor binding, 234
disease, 467 Nucleotide excision repair, 40 Octreotide, 371, 400 sleep apnea, 679
colorectal cancer Nucleotides, 35 acromegaly, 339 toxicity treatment, 248
chemopreventative, 389 deamination reactions, 35 GH excess, 329 Opisthotonos
esophagitis from, 377 synthesis, 72 hypothalamic/pituitary drugs, 354 tetanospasmin, 138
gastritis with, 379 Nucleus accumbens, 495 Ocular motility, 540 Opponens digiti minimi muscle, 450
GFR effects of, 589 Nucleus ambiguus, 506 Oculomotor nerve (CN III), 506 Opponens pollicis muscle, 450
gout, 467, 487 Nucleus cuneatus, 509 ocular motility, 540 Opportunistic fungal infections,
headaches, 518 Nucleus pulposus palsy of, 513, 541 153–154
interstitial nephritis, 249 collagen in, 50 pupillary contraction, 539 Oppositional defiant disorder, 557
loop diuretics and, 608 fetal precursor, 282 Odds ratio (OR), 256, 258 Opposition (thumb), 450, 451
misoprostol use with, 399 Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), Ofloxacin, 195 Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome,
osteoarthritis, 466 496 Okazaki fragments, 38 228, 350







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 785 11/21/19 12:27 PM

786 INDEX INDEX




Opsonization, 104, 106 Ortolani maneuver, 461 Otology, 533 hemoglobin, 665
antibodies in, 112 Oseltamivir, 201 Ototoxicity toxicity, 210
complement in, 106 Osgood-Schlatter disease, 461 aminoglycosides, 191, 204, 614 Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation
encapsulated organisms, 98 Osler nodes, 311 cisplatin/carboplatin, 442 curve, 666
Optic disc Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, 316 drug reaction and, 251 Oxytocin
papilledema in, 538 Osmotic demyelination syndrome, ethacrynic acid, 608 functions of, 328
Optic nerve (CN II), 506 524 loop diuretics, 608 hypothalamus production, 498
embryologic derivation, 613 SIADH and, 338 Ouabain lactation and, 636
Optic neuritis, 523 Osmotic diarrhea, 381 sodium-potassium pump and, 49 pituitary gland and, 327
Optic neuropathy, 197 Osmotic laxatives, 401 Outcome (quality measurement), signaling pathways for, 337
Optochin Ossicles, 533 273
gram-positive antibiotic test, 134 conductive hearing loss and, 51 Outer membrane, 124 P
Oral advance directives, 266 Ossification, 458 Outflow tract formation, 281 P-450, 197
Oral contraceptives (OCPs) Osteitis deformans, 463 Outpatient follow-up, 272 P2Y12 receptor
hepatic adenomas and, 392 Osteitis fibrosa cystica, 345, 459, 464 “Oval fat bodies,” 594 inhibitors and, 437
prolactin effects on, 330 Osteoarthritis, 466 Ovarian artery, 625 thrombogenesis and, 411
reproductive hormones, 656 celecoxib for, 486 Ovarian cancer P53 gene mutation
SHBG effects on, 337 vs rheumatoid arthritis, 466 breastfeeding and, 636 dominant negative mutation, 56
venous sinus thrombosis with, 503 Osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic cisplatin/carboplatin for, 442 Pacemaker action potential, 292
Oral glucose tolerance test, 346 cancer association, 228 epidemiology of, 643 Pacinian corpuscles, 494
Oral hairy leukoplakia, 177 Osteoblastoma, 464 hypercalcemia and, 228 Paclitaxel, 441
Oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis, Osteoblasts, 459 irinotecan/topotecan for, 442 microtubules and, 48
351 bone formation, 458 Lynch syndrome and, 388 targets of, 438
Oral rehydration therapy, 146 cortisol effect on, 336 oncogenes and, 224 Paget disease
Oral thrush, 177 Paget disease of bone, 463 paclitaxel for, 441 in breast, 650
Orange body fluids, 196 teriparatide effect on, 487 Psammoma bodies in, 227 Paget disease (extramammary), 644
Orchiectomy, 651 Osteochondroma, 464 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 Paget disease of bone, 463
Orchiopexy, 651 Osteoclasts, 459 Ovarian cycle, 632 bisphosphonates, 486
Orchitis, 170, 654 bisphosphonate effects, 486 Ovarian cysts, 646 lab values in, 464
Orexigenic effect, 336 bone formation, 458 Ovarian ligament, 625 osteosarcomas and, 465
Orexin, 568 osteopetrosis, 463 Ovarian neoplasms woven bone in, 458
hypocretin receptor antagonist, Paget disease of bone, 463 classification and characteristics, Pain
Suvorexant as, 547 Osteodystrophy 646 with headaches, 518
Organ failure, in acute pancreatitis, renal, 345, 603 epithelial tumors, 646 loss in syringomyelia, 492
397 Osteogenesis imperfecta germ cell tumors, 647 post-stroke syndrome, 515
Organic acidemias, 85 bisphosphonates, 486 sex cord stromal tumors, 647 receptors for, 494
Organ of Corti, 533 collagen and, 50 Ovarian teratomas spinal tracts for, 509
Organogenesis collagen synthesis and structure paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 thalamic nuclei and, 498
embryologic derivatives, 612, 613 in, 51 Ovaries treatment in multiple sclerosis,
errors in, 613 Osteogenic sarcoma, 463, 465 anatomy of, 625 523
fetal development, 612 Osteoma, 220, 464–465 descent of, 624 unilateral visual loss and, 523
teratogens, 614 nomenclature for, 220 epithelial histology, 626 Pale (anemic) infarct, 210
Organophosphates Osteomalacia estrogen production, 630 Paliperidone, 573
toxicity treatment, 248 hypophosphatemia, 591 lymphatic drainage, 624 Palivizumab, 122
Organ transplants lab values with rickets, 464 Overflow incontinence, 599 pneumonia prophylaxis, 169
azathioprine for, 440 rickets, 463 Overuse injury Pallor in aplastic anemia, 421
cytomegalovirus, 186 Osteomyelitis, 180 elbow, 459 Palmar interossei, 450
hairy leukoplakia and, 479 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 knee, 461 Palmar reflex, 510
kidneys, 580 sickle cell anemia, 422 radial nerve, 447 PALM-COEIN uterine bleeding
WBC casts, 594 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 wrist, 459 classification, 633
Organum vasculosum of the lamina Osteonecrosis, 463, 486 Ovotesticular disorder, 638 PALP, 653
terminalis (OVLT), 498 Osteopenia, 463 Ovulation Panacinar emphysema, 392, 674
Orientation, 557 Osteopetrosis, 463, 464 anovulation causes, 645 p-ANCA
Origin of replication, 38 Osteophytes, 466 progesterone and, 630 sclerosing cholangitis and, 395
Orlistat, 400 Osteoporosis, 462 prolactin effect on, 330 ulcerative colitis, 382
diarrhea, 249 bisphosphonates, 486 regulation of, 631 Pancoast tumor, 685
Ornithine corticosteroids, 120 Ovulatory uterine bleeding, 633 lung cancer, 684
cystinuria, 85 denosumab, 122 “Owl eyes” inclusions, 165, 429 superior vena cava syndrome, 685
kidney stones and, 598 drug reaction and, 250 Oxacillin thoracic outlet syndrome, 448
urea cycle, 82 estrogen, 459 characteristics of, 188 Pancreas
Ornithine transcarbamylase, 74 Gaucher disease, 88 Oxaliplatin, 442 annular, 360
Ornithine transcarbamylase heparin, 436 Oxazepam, 546 biliary structures and, 368
deficiency, 61, 83 homocystinuria, 84 Oxazolidinones blood supply and innervation of,
Orotic acid, 83 hormone replacement therapy, 657 mechanism and use, 193 364
Orotic aciduria, 420 lab values in, 464 Oxidative burst, 109 buds, 360
“Orphan Annie” eyes (nuclei), 343 pituitary prolactinomas, 328 Oxidative phosphorylation, 78 divisum, 360
Orthomyxoviruses, 168 raloxifene, 443, 656 metabolic site, 72 embryology, 360
characteristics of, 167, 168 teriparatide for, 487 poisons, 78 Pancreatic cancer
influenza viruses, 169 thiazides for, 609 Oxybutynin, 237, 241 5-fluorouracil for, 440
Orthopedic conditions, 460 Osteosarcoma, 220, 464–465 Oxygen adenocarcinomas, 398
lower extremity, 460, 461 Otitis media deprivation, 669 biliary cirrhosis and, 395
Orthopnea, 309 brain abscesses with, 180 in blood, 666 carcinogens causing, 225
Orthostatic hypotension Haemophilus influenzae, 128, 142 for carbon monoxide poisoning, hyperbilirubinemia with, 393
adrenal insufficiency, 349 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 434 248 oncogenes and, 224
α-blockers, 244 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 cluster headaches, 518 paraneoplastic syndromes with, 228
phenoxybenzamine, 244 Wegener granulomatosis and, 315 exercise and, 670 tumor suppressor genes and, 224







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 786 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 787




Pancreatic ducts, 360, 368 Paramedian pontine reticular Paroxysmal nocturnal Pearson correlation coefficient(r), 264
Pancreatic insufficiency, 381, 397 formation hemoglobinuria, 422 Peau d’orange, 650
Pancreatic islet cell tumors, 351 extraocular movements, 497 CD55 deficiency, 107 Pectinate line, 366
Pancreatic lipase, 93 Paramedian pontine reticular eculizumab for, 122 Pectineus, 451, 452
Pancreatic secretions, 373 formation lesions, 511 flow cytometry diagnosis, 54 Pectoriloquy (whispered), 680
Pancreatitis Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct, intravascular hemolysis in, 421 Pediatric patients
acute, 397 622 Partial agonists, 234 arthritis in, 468
acute respiratory distress syndrome Paramyxoviruses, 169 Partial (focal) seizures, 517 brachial plexus injury, 448
and, 678 characteristics of, 167, 168 drug therapy for, 544 common causes of death, 272
alcoholism, 571 croup, 170 Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), common fractures, 462
chronic, 397 mumps, 170 426 common orthopedic conditions,
corticosteroids and, 249 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 228, 605 Parvovirus 461
drug reactions and, 249 Paranoia characteristics of, 164 cystic fibrosis, 60
hyperchylomicronemia, 94 LSD, 571 DNA viruses, 163 dactinomycin for, 439
hyperparathyroidism, 345 Parasites naked viruses, 163 failure to thrive, 556
hypertriglyceridemia, 94 infections with immunodeficiency, Parvovirus B19 growth retardation in, 603
mumps, 170 118 hereditary spherocytosis, 422 hemolytic disease of newborn, 405
necrosis and, 209 Parasitic infections hydrops fetalis, 182 hyperbilirubinemia (newborns),
NRTIs, 203 myocarditis with, 313 rash, 183 393
valproic acid, 544 Parasitology, 155–161 Passive aggression, 555 infant deprivation effects, 556
Pancytopenia, 421 Parasympathetic nervous system Passive immunity, 110 intraventricular hemorrhage, 512
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, 117 cranial nerves, supply of, 236 Pasteurella multocida juvenile polyposis syndrome in,
cytarabine, 440 male erection, 627 osteomyelitis, 180 387
Gaucher disease, 88 receptor targets, 236 transmission, 149, 186 leukocoria in, 538
leishmaniasis, 158 VIP and, 371 Patau syndrome, 63 Munchausen syndrome by proxy,
osteopetrosis and, 463 Parathyroid adenomas cataracts, 535 566
with immunosuppressants, 120 hyperparathyroidism caused by, 345 chromosome association, 64 neglect in, 556
Panic disorder MEN 1/MEN 2A syndromes, 351 Patches (skin) neuroblastomas in, 350
drug therapy for, 572 Parathyroid disease diagnosis, 343 pityriasis rosea, 482 precocious puberty, 57, 335
SSRIs for, 563, 575 Parathyroid glands psoriatic arthritis, 469 primary brain tumors, 528
symptoms and treatment, 563 pharyngeal pouch derivation, 621 Patellar reflex, 510 rashes, 183
venlafaxine for, 575 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 332, Patellofemoral syndrome, 461 renal malignancy in, 606
Panitumumab, 442 590 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) rhabdomyomas in, 316
Panniculitis, 482 bone disorders, 464 congenital rubella, 300 scalded skin syndrome, 479
Pantoprazole, 399 bone formation, 459 fetal alcohol syndrome, 300 sleep terror disorder in, 568
Pantothenic acid, 67 calcitonin and, 333 heart murmur with, 291 strawberry hemangiomas in, 478
Papillary carcinomas, 220 calcium homeostasis and, 333 indomethacin for, 486 tetracycline side effects, 192
Papillary cystadenoma in hyperparathyroidism, 345 mechanism and treatment, 299 unvaccinated, 186
lymphomatosum, 376 osteomalacia/rickets, 463 neonatal respiratory distress Wilms tumors in, 606
Papillary muscle Paget disease of bone, 463 syndrome and, 661 Pegloticase, 487
blood supply to, 307 Patent foramen ovale Pegvisomant, 339
rupture, 305, 307 signaling pathways of, 337 atrial septal defect vs, 299 Pellagra, 67
Papillary thyroid carcinomas, 343 thymic aplasia, 116 septal fusion failure, 280 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
carcinogens for, 225 Paraumbilical vein, 365 Patent urachus, 618 185
Psammoma bodies in, 227 Paraventricular nucleus, 498 Pathogen-associated molecular Actinomyces spp, 139
Papilledema, 521, 538 Parental consent, 265 patterns (PAMPs), 99 chlamydia, 148, 184
hypertensive emergency and, 300 Paresthesias Pathogen recognition features, 99 Chlamydia trachomatis, 149
12
Papillomas, 220 vitamin B deficiency, 69, 530 Pathologic grief, 562 clinical features, 185
Papillomaviruses Parietal cells (stomach), 372 Pathology copper IUD, 657
characteristics of, 164 Parietal cortex lesions, 511 cardiovascular, 298–312 ectopic pregnancy, 641
DNA viruses, 163 Parietal lobe, 501 endocrine, 338–354 gonorrhea, 184
genome, 163 Parietal peritoneum, 369 gastrointestinal, 376–397 Neisseria spp, 142
Pappenheimer bodies, 416 Parinaud syndrome, 511, 528 hematologic/oncologic, 404–424, Pelvic splanchnic nerves, 236
Papules, 475 Parkinson disease, 520 414–434 Pelvis
capillary, 478 benztropine for, 241 musculoskeletal/skin/connective fracture and nerve injury, 452
molluscum contagiosum, 479 dopaminergic pathways, 499 tissue, 459–467 nerve injury with surgery, 452
Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), 582 Lewy bodies, 520 neoplasia, 219–226 Pemphigus vulgaris, 480
Para-aortic lymph nodes, 624 metoclopramide contraindication, neurological, 511–518 acantholysis and, 475
Paracoccidioidomycosis, 151 400 psychiatric, 556–570 autoantibody, 115
Paracortex (lymph node), 96 nigrostriatal pathway and, 499 renal, 594–605 type II hypersensitivity, 112
Paracrine, 589 resting tremor in, 519 reproductive, 638–652 Pencil-in-cup deformity (X-ray), 469
Paradoxical splitting, 289 seborrheic dermatitis association, respiratory, 671–681 Penicillamine
Paraesophageal hiatal hernia, 370 476 USMLE Step 1 preparation for, for lead poisoning, 248
Parainfluenza therapy for, 548 277 myopathy, 250
croup, 170 trihexyphenidyl, 241 Pautrier microabscess, 430 for Wilson disease, 395
paramyxovirus, 167, 169 ubiquitin-proteasome system in, 48 Pavlovian (classical) conditioning, Penicillin
Parakeratosis, 475 Parkinson-like syndrome, 251 554 Actinomyces spp, 139
Paralysis Parotid gland Payment models for healthcare, 271 antipseudomonal, 188
conversion disorder and, 566 embryologic derivation, 613 P-bodies, 41 Coombs-positive hemolytic
of face, 514 enlargement of, 468 PCP (phencyclidine) anemia, 250
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 524 stones in, 376 intoxication and withdrawal, 571 penicillinase-resistant, 188
poliovirus, 186 tumors in, 376 PCSK9, 93 penicillinase-sensitive, 188
rabies, 171 Parotitis PCSK9 inhibitors, 320 prophylaxis, 198
stroke effects, 514 mumps, 170 PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate rash, 250
unvaccinated children, 186 Paroxetine, 575 vaccine), 127 for rheumatic fever, 312
Paralytic ileus, 441 Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 309 PDSA cycle, 273 Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, 188







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 787 11/21/19 12:27 PM

788 INDEX INDEX




Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins, 188 smudge cells, 432 Phagocytes, 117 vitamin B deficiency, 68
9
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) spherocytes and agglutinated Phagocytosis zero-order elimination of, 232
in bacteria, 124 RBCs, 423 dendritic cells, 408 Pheochromocytomas, 350
Penicillin G, V, 187 Peripheral edema eosinophils, 408 MEN 2A/MEN 2B and, 351
meningococci, 142 calcium channel blockers, 318 group A streptococcal inhibition, phenoxybenzamine for, 244
prophylaxis, 198 heart failure, 309 136 Philadelphia chromosome
Penile cancer, 226 Peripheral facial palsy, 532 M protein prevention of, 129 in myeloproliferative disorders, 433
Penis Peripheral nerves, 495 β-hemolytic bacteria inhibition translocations of, 434
congenital abnormalities, 624 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) of, 135 Phlebitis
female homolog, 624 origins of, 490 Phalen maneuver, 459 IV amphotericin B, 199
lymphatic drainage, 624 Peripheral neuropathy Pharmaceutical company Phlebotomy
pathology of, 651 alcoholism, 571 sponsorship, 269 for hemochromatosis, 395
Pentamidine, 154 drug reactions and, 251 Pharmacokinetics, 231 Phobias, 563
Pentazocine, 551, 552 Fabry disease, 88 Pharmacology, 230–254 agoraphobia, 563
Pentobarbital, 546 isoniazid, 197 autonomic drugs, 236–245 social anxiety disorder, 563
Pentose phosphate pathway Krabbe disease, 88 cardiovascular, 316–322 Phocomelia, 614
functions of, 79 NRTIs, 203 endocrine, 352–354 Phonophobia, migraine headache,
Pentostatin, 432 oxazolidinones, 193 gastrointestinal, 398–400 518
PEP carboxykinase, 74 sorbitol, 81 hematologic/oncologic, 435–443 Phosphatases, 73
Pepsin, 372 vincristine, 444 musculoskeletal/skin/connective Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors,
Pepsinogen vitamin B deficiency, 67 tissue, 485–487 246, 658, 686
6
location of, 373 Peripheral precocious puberty, 637 neurology, 544–551 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,
somatostatin and, 371 Peripheral resistance, 243 pharmacodynamics, 232–234 78
Peptic ulcer disease, 380 Peripheral vascular disease, 302 pharmacokinetics, 230–231 Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
glycopyrrolate for, 241 Peripheral vertigo, 534 psychiatric, 572–576 glycolysis and, 73
H pylori and, 146 Periplasm renal, 607–610 metabolic pathways, 74
H blockers for, 399 in bacteria, 124 reproductive, 655–658 Phospholipid bilayer sac
2
misoprostol for, 399 Peristalsis respiratory, 686–687 in bacteria, 124
proton pump inhibitors for, 399 motilin receptor agonists and, 371 toxicities and side effects, 248–251 Phospholipids, 374
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 352 visible, 359 USMLE Step 1 preparation for, Phosphorus in Paget disease of bone,
Peptidoglycan Peritoneum, 360 277 463
in gram negative bacteria, 124 hernias and, 370 Pharyngeal apparatus, 619 Phosphorylases, 73
Peptostreptococcus spp irritation with Mittelschmerz, 631 Pharyngeal arch derivatives, 620 Phosphorylation, 45
alcoholism, 179 Peritonitis 1st pharyngeal arch, 620 Photophobia
Percussion (chest), 680 appendicitis, 383 2nd pharyngeal arch, 620 leptospirosis, 147
Perforation (GI), 380 diverticulitis, 383 4th–6th pharyngeal arches, 620 migraine headache, 518
necrotizing enterocolitis, 386 spontaneous bacterial, 389, 390 Pharyngeal cleft derivatives, 619 rabies, 171
Perforin Periventricular plaques, multiple Pharyngeal pouch derivatives, 621 Photosensitivity
cytotoxic T cells and, 102 sclerosis, 523 1st pharyngeal pouch, 621 drugs causing, 192, 194, 250
extrinsic pathway and, 208 Permethrin, 200 2nd pharyngeal pouch, 621 Phototherapy for jaundice, 393
natural killer cells and, 101 for scabies, 161 4th pharyngeal pouch, 621 Phrenic nerve, 663
Performance anxiety, 567 Permissive action Pharyngitis Phyllodes tumor, 649
Perfusion, and ventilation, 669 catecholamine responsiveness, 235 adenovirus, 164 Physical abuse (child), 556
Perfusion-limited gas exchange, 668 Pernicious anemia, 372 diphtheria, 139 Physician-assisted suicide, 268
Perfusion pressure regulation, 297 autoantibody, 115 mononucleosis, 165 Physician-patient relationship, 268
Periarteriolar lymphatic sheath B deficiency, 69, 420 prophylaxis (rheumatic fever), 198 Physiologic dead space, 664
12
(PALS), 98 Peroneus brevis, 453 Streptococcus pyogenes, 136 Physiologic neonatal jaundice, 393
Pericardial effusion, 684 Peroneus longus, 453 unvaccinated children, 186 Physiology
Pericarditis Peroxisome Pharyngoesophageal false cardiovascular, 284–298
acute, 313 metabolic processes, 47 diverticulum, 384 endocrine, 328–336
fibrinous, 305 Persistent cervical sinus, 619 Pharynx, 662 gastrointestinal, 371–375
jugular venous pulse in, 287 Persistent depressive disorder blood supply and innervation of, hematologic/oncologic, 410
Kussmaul sign in, 316 (dysthymia), 561 364 neurological, 493–515
picornaviruses, 167 Persistent thyroglossal duct, 326 Phenacetin, 606 renal, 581–592
postinfarction, 305, 307 Persistent truncus arteriosus, 281, 298 Phenelzine, 575 reproductive, 629–636
pulsus paradoxus in, 310 Personality, 565 Phenobarbital, 546 respiratory, 664–669
renal failure, 603 Personality disorders, 565 epilepsy, 544 USMLE Step 1 preparation for,
rheumatoid arthritis, 466 Cluster A, 565 as weak acid, 233 276
Pericardium Cluster B, 565 Phenotypic mixing, 162 Physostigmine
anatomy of, 283 Cluster C, 565, 566 Phenoxybenzamine, 244 anticholinergic toxicity treatment,
calcification in, 211 Pertussis, 126 for pheochromocytomas, 350 248
Perineal straddle injury, 627 Pertussis toxin, 132, 143 Phentolamine, 244 anticholinesterase, 240
Perinephric abscesses, 600 Pes cavus Phenylalanine glaucoma, 552
Perineurium, 495 Friedreich ataxia, 531 classification of, 81 Pia mater, 496
Periodic acid-Schiff stain, 125 Petechiae tyrosine catabolism, 83 Pica, 567
glycogen storage diseases, 87 aplastic anemia, 421 Phenylephrine, 242, 686 Pick disease, 520
Periorbital edema Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 220, 387 Phenylketones, 84 bodies, 520
thyroid disease and, 340 PEX genes, 47 Phenylketonuria Pickwickian syndrome, 679
Trichinella spiralis, 161 Peyer patches, 362, 374 tyrosine in, 84 Picornaviruses, 163, 168
Peripartum mood disturbances, 562 IgA antibody production, 105 Phenytoin characteristics, 167
Peripheral blood smear, 416 Salmonella/Shigella invasion, 144 cytochrome P-450 and, 252 genomes, 163
basophilic stippling, 419 Peyronie disease, 651 epilepsy, 544 Pierre Robin sequence, 620
postsplenectomy, 98, 423 PGI , 485 folate deficiency caused by, 420 Pigmented skin disorders, 476
2
Rouleaux formation, 431 P-glycoprotein, 227 gingival hyperplasia, 250 Pigment-producing bacteria, 128
schistocytes, 423 Phage megaloblastic anemia, 250 Pigment stones, 396
Schüffner stippling, 157 bacterial transduction, 130 peripheral neuropathy, 251 Pill-rolling tremor, 519






FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 788 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 789




Pilocarpine, 240, 552 Platelet-derived growth factor Polycythemia, 434 Schistosoma spp, 161
Pilocytic astrocytoma, 528 (PDGF) blood oxygen in, 666 serum markers for, 390
Pilus, 124 in wound healing, 216 Eisenmenger syndrome, 299 varices and, 365
Pimozide, 572 signaling pathways for, 337 ESR in, 214 Portal triad, 361, 367
Pindolol, 245, 319 Platelet disorders, 426, 427 paraneoplastic syndromes, 228 Portal vein, 361, 367
Pineal gland, 504 transfusion for, 429 Polycythemia vera, 433 in fetal circulation, 282
Pinealoma, 528 Platysma muscle, 620 Budd-Chiari syndrome and, 392 Portosystemic anastomoses, 365
Pinworms, 159 Pleiotropy, 56 hepatocellular carcinoma, 392 Positive predictive value (PPV), 257,
Pioglitazone, 353 Pleomorphic adenomas, 376 Polydactyly, 63 259
Piperacillin Pleural effusion, 681 Polydipsia, 346 Positive punishment (aversive
characteristics of, 188 asbestosis, 677 Polyhydramnios, 491, 641 stimulus), 554
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 lung cancer, 684 esophageal atresia and, 359 Positive reinforcement, 554
Piroxicam, 486 mesothelioma, 678 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 52 Positive skew distribution, 262
Pisiform bone, 449 physical findings, 680 Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Posterior cerebral artery, 502, 515
Pitting edema, 309 Pleuritis, 466 294 Posterior circulation strokes, 514
Pituitary adenoma, 339, 527 Pleuroperitoneal membrane, 370 Polymyalgia rheumatica, 470 Posterior circumflex artery, 455
Pituitary apoplexy, 339 Plicae circulares, 362 ESR in, 214 Posterior communicating artery
Pituitary drugs, 354 Plummer-Vinson syndrome, 377, 418 giant cell arteritis and, 314 in saccular aneurysm, 516
Pituitary gland, 327 Pneumatosis intestinalis, 386 Polymyositis Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Pituitary prolactinomas, 328 Pneumococcal vaccine, 127 autoantibody, 115 injury, 454
Pituitary tumors Pneumoconioses, 675, 677 Polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 471 Posterior descending artery (PDA),
diabetes insipidus, 338 Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 Polymyxin B, 143, 193, 198 283
MEN 1 and, 351 dapsone, 194 Polymyxins, 198 Posterior drawer sign, 454
Pityriasis rosea, 482 fluorescent antibody stain, 125 mechanism and use, 193 Posterior fossa
Pityrosporum spp, 152 HIV-positive adults, 177 Polyneuritis, 66 malformations, 492
pKa, 233 immunocompromised patients, 179 Polyneuropathy, 425 Posterior hypothalamus, 498
PKD genes prophylaxis, 198 familial amyloid, 212 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
renal cyst disorders and, 604 silver stain for, 125 Polyomaviruses stroke effects, 514
Placebo, 256 TMP-SMX, 194 characteristics of, 164 Posterior malleolus, 455
Placenta Pneumocytes, 661 DNA viruses, 163 Posterior pituitary gland, 327
estrogen production, 630 Pneumomediastinum, 672 genome, 163 Posterior tibial artery, 455
fetal component, 617 Pneumonia, 683 naked viruses, 163 Posterior urethral valves, 579
hormone secretion by, 633 acute respiratory distress syndrome, Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, 57 Postherpetic neuralgia, 165
maternal component, 617 678 Polyposis syndromes, 387 Postinfectious encephalomyelitis, 524
progesterone production, 630 adenovirus, 164 Polyps Postoperative ileus, 240
Placenta accreta/increta/percreta, 640 chlamydiae, 148 adenomatous, 387 Postpartum hemorrhage, 641
Placental aromatase deficiency, 639 coccidioidomycosis, 151 APC gene, 387 Postpartum mood disturbances, 562
Placental insufficiency common causes, 179 colonic, 387 Postpartum psychosis, 562
oligohydramnios and, 641 Haemophilus influenzae, 142 hyperplastic, 387 Postpartum thyroiditis, 341
Potter sequence, 578 measles-associated death, 170 inflammatory pseudopolyps, 387 Postprandial pain, 363
preeclampsia, 643 Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 KRAS gene, 387 Postrenal azotemia, 601
Placenta previa, 640 PPI adverse effects, 399 mucosal, 387 Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Plague, 149 Q fever, 150 nasal (cystic fibrosis), 60 (acute), 596
Plantar aponeurosis, 461 readmissions with, 272 neoplastic transformation of, 387 Post-traumatic stress disorder
Plantar fasciitis, 461 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 non-neoplastic, 387 (PTSD)
Plantar flexion, 453 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 serrated, 387 acute stress disorder, 564
Plantaris, 453 Streptococcus agalactiae, 137 submucosal, 387 diagnostic criteria/treatment, 564
Plantar reflex, 510 VZV, 165 uterine, 650 dissociative identity disorder, 558
Plaques (skin), 475 Pneumoperitoneum, 380 Polysaccharide capsule antigens drug therapy for, 572
actinic keratosis, 482 Pneumothorax, 680, 682 carrier proteins with, 127 prazosin for, 244
basal cell carcinoma, 484 Podocytes Polyuria SSRIs for, 575
hairy leukoplakia, 479 glomerular filtration barrier and, diabetes insipidus, 338 venlafaxine, 575
lichen planus, 482 581, 595 diabetes mellitus, 346 Postural hypotension
pityriasis rosea, 482 Poikilocytosis, 407 hyperparathyroidism, 345 midodrine for, 242
psoriasis, 477 Point of service plan, 271 lithium, 574 trazodone, 576
seborrheic dermatitis, 476 pol gene, 175 Pompe disease, 87 Postviral infections, 179
squamous cell carcinoma, 484 Poliomyelitis, 531 Pons Potassium
Plasma cell dyscrasias, 431 restrictive lung disease, 675 cranial nerve nuclei of, 505 amphotericin B, 199
Plasma cells, 409 Poliovirus, 531 development of, 490 in cardiac muscle, 292
Plasmalogens, 47 immunodeficient patients, 118 Pontiac fever, 143 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347
Plasma membrane medical importance, 167 Pontine syndrome, 514 shifts in, 590
sodium-potassium pump, 49 picornavirus, 168 “Pope’s blessing” (median nerve torsades de pointes and, 294
structure of, 49 unvaccinated children, 186 injury), 451 Potassium channel blockers, 323
Plasma osmolality Polyadenylation signal, 41 Popliteal artery, 455 Potassium channels
DI treatment, 338 Polyangiitis, microscopic atherosclerosis in, 302 myocardial action potential, 292
Plasmapheresis, 524, 596 autoantibody, 115 Popliteal fossa, 455 opioid effect, 551
Plasma protein concentration, 583 Polyarteritis nodosa, 173, 314 Popliteus, 453 Potassium chloride, 249
Plasma volume measurement, 581 Polyarthralgias Porcelain gallbladder, 396, 397 Potassium iodide
Plasminogen, 437 gonococcal arthritis, 468 Porphobilinogen deaminase, 425 Sporothrix schenckii, 154
Plasmodium spp rubella, 182 Porphyria, 425, 546 for thyroid storm, 342
chloroquine, 200 Polycystic disease (kidney), 604 Porphyria cutanea tarda, 425 Potassium-sparing diuretics, 609
Plasmodium falciparum, 157, 200 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), Portal hypertension Potency of drugs
Plasmodium malariae, 157 645 ARPKD, 604 vs efficacy, 233
Plasmodium ovale, 157 anovulation, 645 cirrhosis and, 389 Potentiation
Plasmodium vivax, 157 antiandrogens, 658 pulmonary arterial hypertension, of drugs, 235
Platelet-activating factor, 406 clomiphene, 656 679 Pott disease, 180







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 789 11/21/19 12:27 PM

790 INDEX INDEX




Potter sequence (syndrome) stillbirth, 182 Primitive ventricle, 281 Propranolol, 245, 323, 342
ARPKD, 604 Streptococcus agalactiae in, 137 Pringle maneuver, 361 essential tremor, 519
oligohydramnios and, 578, 641 syphilis in, 147 PR interval, 293, 295 Proprioception
pulmonary hypoplasia, 660 TBG in, 331 antiarrhythmic effects, 323, 324 Friedreich ataxia, 531
Poxvirus, 164, 479 termination of, 657 prolonged, 295 Propylthiouracil
PPD test TORCH infections, 182 shortened, 294 agranulocytosis, 250
for tuberculosis, 140 Turner syndrome and, 638 Prinzmetal angina aplastic anemia, 250
PPSV23 (pneumococcal twinning in, 616 calcium channel blockers for, 318 thionamides, 354
polysaccharide vaccine), urinary tract infections, 181 ischemic manifestations, 304 for thyroid storm, 342
127 venous sinus thrombosis in, 503 propranolol adverse effects, 323 Prostacyclin analogues, 686
PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA autoantibody, vitamin B deficiency, 68 Prions, 178 Prostaglandin analogs, 254
9
115 Pregnancy complications, 640–641 Privacy and confidentiality, 267 Prostaglandins
Practice tests, 21 Prehn sign, 654 Probenecid, 252 aspirin effects, 486
Prader-Willi syndrome Preload in cardiac output, 284 cidofovir with, 202 cortisol effect on, 336
chromosome association, 64 Premature ejaculation, 575 gout, 487 glaucoma treatment, 552
ghrelin in, 336, 371 Premature labor and delivery Procainamide, 322 kidney functions, 589
Pramlintide, 249, 353 cryptorchidism and, 651 Procaine, 550 Prostate cancer
Prasugrel, 411, 437 low birth weight with, 635 Procarbazine, 251, 441 adenocarcinomas, 654
Praziquantel murmur in prematurity, 291 Procedure bias, 260 incidence/mortality of, 222
antihelminthic therapy, 200 Premature ovarian failure, 636, 645 Process improvement model, 273 leuprolide for, 656
tapeworms, 160 Premotor cortex, 501 quality measurement, 273 metastases of, 223
trematodes, 160 Preoptic nucleus, 498 Processus vaginalis, 624 Prostate gland
Prazosin, 244 Prepatellar bursitis, 460 Procoagulation, 413 lymphatic drainage of, 624
Precision vs accuracy, 259 Preprocollagen, 51 Progesterone with urethral injury, 627
Precocious puberty Preproinsulin, 334 lactation and, 636 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 227,
adrenal steroids and, 335 Prerenal azotemia, 601 menstrual cycle, 632 654
leuprolide, 656 Presbycusis, 270, 533 ovulation, 632 Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), 654
McCune-Albright syndrome, 57 Presbyopia, 535 signaling pathways for, 337 Prostatic adenocarcinoma, 654
pinealoma, 528 Preschool age development, 635 source and function of, 630 Prostatitis, 654
types, 637 Presenilin, 520 Progestins, 657 gonorrhea, 184
Precontemplation stage, substance Pressure-volume loops, 287 Progressive multifocal Prosthetic devices
addiction, 568 Presynaptic α2-autoreceptor, 239 leukoencephalopathy Staphylococcus epidermidis, 135
Predictive value, 257 Pretectal nuclei, 539 (PML), 494, 524 Prosthetic heart valves, 423
Prednisolone Preterm birth HIV-positive adults, 177 Protamine sulfate, 248, 436
for thyroid storm, 342 common cause of death, 272 polyomaviruses, 164 Protease inhibitors
Preeclampsia, 643 Pretest probability, 257 rituximab, 443 fat redistribution, 250
hydatidiform moles, 642 Prevalence Proguanil, 200 HIV therapy, 203
Preferred provider organization plan, diagnostic test evaluation, 257 Projection, 555 hyperglycemia, 249
271 incidence vs, 259 Prokaryotes naming convention for, 253
Prefrontal cortex, 501 observational studies, 256 DNA replication in, 38 Proteases, 373
Pregnancy Prevotella spp, 179 mRNA start codons, 44 Proteasome, 48
advanced maternal age, 63 Priapism, 651 RNA polymerases in, 42 Protein A, 129
aliskiren contraindication, 610 sickle cell anemia, 422 Prolactin, 330 Proteinases, 406
amniotic fluid abnormalities, 641 trazodone and, 576 circadian rhythm, 497 Protein C/S deficiency, 428
anemia caused by, 418 Primaquine, 157 function of, 328 Protein-energy malnutrition, 71
carpal tunnel syndrome in, 459 hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250 lactation and, 636 Protein kinase A
choriocarcinomas and, 642 Primary adrenal insufficiency, 349 secretion of, 327 fructose bisphosphatase-2 and, 76
contraindicated antimicrobials, 204 Primary amyloidosis, 212 signaling pathways for, 337 Protein metabolism
ESR in, 214 Primary bacterial peritonitis, 390 tuberoinfundibular pathway, 499 amino acids, 81
estrogen in, 630 Primary biliary cholangitis, 395 Prolactin-inhibiting factor, 328 Proteins
ethical situations, 268–269 Primary central nervous system Prolactinomas free radical effect on, 210
fetal circulation, 282 lymphoma, 430 dopamine agonists for, 330 Protein synthesis
fetal respiration, 660 Primary ciliary dyskinesia, 49 Proliferative glomerular disorders, elongation, 45
folate deficiency caused by, 420 Primary disease prevention, 270 594 inhibitors, 191, 253
folic acid supplementation, 68 Primary glomerular disease, 594 Prometaphase, 46 initiation of, 44, 45
heparin in, 436 Primary hemostasis, 411 Promoters (gene expression), 41 insulin and, 334
hypertension and treatment in, Primary hyperaldosteronism, 349 Promyelocytic leukemia, 66 metabolic site, 72
243, 316, 643 hypertension with, 300 Pronephros, 578 posttranslational modification, 45
hypothyroidism in, 341 markers in, 591 Proopiomelanocortin, 327 sequence of, 45
insulin in, 334 Primary hyperparathyroidism, 345, Propafenone, 322 termination, 45
Listeria monocytogenes in, 139 464 Proper hepatic artery, 361 trimming, 45
lithium in, 298, 300 Primary hypertension, 316 Prophase, 46 Proteinuria
maternal complications, 272 Primary hypogonadism, 639 Prophylaxis ACE inhibitors for, 610
maternal phenylketonuria, 84 Primary ovarian insufficiency, 645 antimicrobial, 197, 198 angiotensin II receptor blockers,
opiate use during, 615 Primary polycythemia, 433 antimycobacterial drugs for, 196 610
parental consent and, 265 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 395 HIV/AIDS patients, 198 diabetes mellitus, 346
physiologic adaptations in, 633 ulcerative colitis, 382 in HIV/AIDS patients, 198 nephritic syndrome, 595
pituitary infarcts with, 339 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax, Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 nephrotic syndrome, 595, 597
posterior urethral valve diagnosis, 682 rabies postexposure, 171 preeclampsia, 643
579 Primase for RSV, 169 renal papillary necrosis and, 602
progesterone in, 630 replication initiation by, 38 Trichomonas vaginalis, 158 serum sickness, 113
prolactin and, 330 Primidone, 519 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Proteolysis
pyelonephritis, 600 Primitive atrium, 281 metabolic pathways, 74 cortisol and, 336
pyogenic granulomas and, 478 Primitive pulmonary vein, 281 vitamin B and, 68 Proteolytic processing, in collagen
7
sex hormone-binding globulin, 337 Primitive reflexes, 510 Propofol, 550 synthesis, 50







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 790 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 791




Proteus spp vancomycin for, 190 Pterygoid muscles, 507 Punishment, 554
struvite stones with, 127 watery diarrhea, 179 PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), 332 Pupil
urease-positive, 127 Pseudomembranous pharyngitis PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-related Argyll Robertson, 147
xanthogranulomatous diphtheria, 139 protein), 228 CN III palsy, 541
pyelonephritis, 600 Pseudomonas spp Ptosis control, 507, 539
Proteus mirabilis aeruginosa, 143 CN III damage, 541 light reflex, 539
cephalosporins, 189 biofilm production, 128 Horner syndrome, 540 pupillary light reflex, 539
penicillins for, 188 ceftazidime, 189 myasthenia gravis, 472 syphilis, 147, 184
urinary tract infections, 181, 600 culture requirements for, 126 saccular aneurysm, 516 Pure motor stroke, 514
Prothrombin cystic fibrosis, 60, 179 Puberty Pure red cell aplasia, 228
complex concentrate transfusion, encapsulated, 127 GnRH and, 328 thymoma and, 98
429 epididymitis and orchitis, 654 Kallmann syndrome and, 639 Purines, 194
warfarin effect on, 436 exotoxin production, 132 precocious, 57, 335 de novo synthesis, 36, 73
Prothrombin gene mutation, 428 fluoroquinolones, 195 Tanner stages, 637 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37
Prothrombin time, 390 immunodeficient patients, 118 Pubic tubercle, 370 salvage deficiencies, 37
Protofilament, 48 multidrug-resistant, 198 Public health sciences, 256–273 structure of, 35
Proton pump inhibitors, 254, 399 nosocomial infection, 179, 185 Pudendal nerve, 366, 453 Purkinje cells
Beers criteria, 247 osteomyelitis, 180 Pulmonary anthrax, 137 cerebellum, 499
for Helicobacter pylori, 146 penicillins for, 188 Pulmonary arterial hypertension of cerebellum, 210
gastrin and, 371 pigment production, 128 (PAH), 679 in paraneoplastic cerebellar
Protozoa pyocyanin of, 109 Pulmonary artery, 619 degeneration, 228
CNS infections, 156 tricuspid valve endocarditis, 311 fetal circulation, 282 Purkinje fibers, 293
GI infections, 155 UTIs, 181 Pulmonary artery stenosis, 300 Purpura
hematologic infections, 157 Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly, 432 Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure aplastic anemia, 421
miscellaneous, 158 Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, (PCWP), 297, 668 Pustular psoriasis, 475
watery diarrhea, 179 344 Pulmonary circulation, 668 Pustules, 475
Proximal convoluted tubules Pseudotumor cerebri, 521 Pulmonary edema, 309 acne, 477
(PCT) drug reactions and, 251 consolidation in, 680 pseudofolliculitis barbae, 477
in ATN, 602 vitamin A toxicity, 66 LV failure, 307 rosacea, 477
defects in, 586 Pseudovirion, 162 mannitol, 607 Putamen, 500
diuretics and, 609 Psittacosis, 149 nitrates for, 318 neurodegenerative disorders, 520
dopamine secretion by, 589 Psoriasis, 477 opioids for, 551 Pyelonephritis, 600
glucose clearance and, 584 arthritis and, 469 preeclampsia and, 643 kidney stones, 598
ischemia susceptibility, 210 cyclosporine, 120 Pulmonary embolism, 672 urinary tract infections, 181, 600
relative concentrations in, 587 etanercept for, 487 chronic thromboembolism, 679 WBC casts in, 594
renal cell carcinoma and, 605 hyperkeratosis/parakeratosis, 475 direct factor Xa inhibitors for, Pygmalion effect, 260
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, infliximab/adalimumab for, 487 437 Pyloric sphincter, 373
451 methotrexate for, 440 heparin for, 436 Pyloric stenosis, 359
Proximal renal tubular acidosis skin lesions, 475 tamoxifen/raloxifene and, 443 Pyloromyotomy, 359
(type 2), 593 therapeutic antibodies, 122 thrombolytics for, 437
PRPP (glutamine-phosphoribosyl- Psoriatic arthritis, 469 ventilation/perfusion with, 669 Pyoderma gangrenosum
pyrophosphate) HLA-B27 and, 100 Pulmonary fibrosis inflammatory bowel disease, 382
amidotransferase, 73 leflunomide for, 486 amiodarone and, 323 Pyogenic granulomas, 478
Pruritus psoriasis and, 477 bleomycin, 439 Pyramidal cells, 210
anal, 159 Psychiatric emergencies busulfan, 441 Pyramidalis muscle, 369
atopic dermatitis, 477 acute dystonia, 569 diffusion in, 668 Pyramidal tract demyelination,
biliary tract disease, 395 delirium tremens, 569 drug reaction and, 251 multiple sclerosis, 523
chloroquine, 200 hypertensive crisis, 569 methotrexate, 440 Pyrantel pamoate, 200
cutaneous mycoses, 152 lithium toxicity, 569 restrictive lung disease, 675 Pyrazinamide, 197
ectoparasites, 161 neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Pulmonary hypertension, 679 gout, 250
histamine receptors and, 238 569 cor pulmonale, 668 hepatitis, 249
hyperchylomicronemia, 94 serotonin syndrome, 569 drug therapy, 686 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 196
lichen planus, 482 tricyclic antidepressant overdose, Schistosoma, 160 Pyridostigmine, 240
pseudofolliculitis barbae, 477 569 Pulmonary hypoplasia, 660 myasthenia gravis treatment, 472
urticaria, 477 Psychiatry, 554–576 Pulmonary infections Pyridoxal phosphate, 67
Prussian blue stain, 677 pathology, 556–570 in immunocompromised patients, Pyridoxine, 67
Psammoma bodies, 211, 227 pharmacology, 572–576 139 Pyrimethamine, 200
mesotheliomas, 678 psychology, 554–555 Pulmonary Langerhans cell effect on purine synthesis, 36
papillary thyroid carcinoma, 343 Psychoactive drug intoxication/ histiocytosis, 675 Pyrimidine dimers, 40
Pseudoappendicitis withdrawal, 570–571 Pulmonary surfactant Pyrimidines
Yersinia enterocolitica, 144 Psychological child abuse, 556 club cells, 660, 661 de novo synthesis, 36
Pseudocysts, 397 Psychology, 554–555 NRDS, 661 structure of, 35
Pseudoephedrine, 686 Psychosis, 559 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), Pyrimidine synthesis, 486
Pseudofolliculitis barbae, 477 corticosteroids, 120 668 Pyruvate carboxylase, 77, 78
Pseudofractures, 463 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 Pulmonic stenosis metabolic pathways, 74
Pseudoglandular stage drug therapy for, 573 wide splitting in, 289 vitamin B and, 68
7
(development), 660 LSD and, 571 Pulmonic valves, 281 Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pseudogout, 467 major depressive disorder with, 561 “Pulseless disease,” 314 complex, 76
Pseudohermaphrodites, 639 PCP and, 571 Pulse pressure deficiency, 77
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 344 postpartum, 562 equation for, 285 metabolic pathways, 74
Pseudomembranous colitis Psychotherapy, 572 Pulsus paradoxus, 310 vitamin B and, 66
1
clindamycin, 192 oppositional defiant disorder, 557 croup, 170 Pyruvate kinase, 74
Clostridium difficile, 138 Psychotic disorders “Punched out” bone lesions (X-ray), deficiency, 422
drug reaction and, 249 readmissions with, 272 431 Pyruvate metabolism, 77
penicillins, 188 PTEN gene, 224 Punched-out ulcers, 377 Pyuria, 601







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 791 11/21/19 12:27 PM

792 INDEX INDEX




Q Rapidly progressive Red cell casts, 315 recombinant cytokines, 121
Q fever glomerulonephritis Red-green color blindness, 197 therapeutic antibodies, 122
rickettsial disease, 150 (RPGN), 596 Red hemorrhagic infarct, 210 Renal clearance, 582
transmission, 149 Rasagiline, 549 Red hepatization, 683 Renal cortex
QRS complex, 293 Rasburicase, 444 Red nucleus (midbrain), 511–552 atrophy of, 599
QT interval RAS gene, 343 Redox reactions Renal disorders/failure
atypical antipsychotic effect on, 573 Rashes free radical injury and, 210 consequences of, 603
Class IA antiarrhythmic effects, 322 “blueberry muffin,” 169 vitamin B and, 67 diabetes mellitus, 346
2
congenital long QT syndrome, 294 carbapenems, 190 Red pulp (spleen), 98 diffuse cortical necrosis, 602
drug-induced long, 294 childhood, 183 Red rashes of childhood, 183 ESR in, 214
ECG, 293 cytomegalovirus, 182 Reduced filling (cardiac cycle), 287 Fabry disease, 88
ondansetron effect on, 400 desquamating, 314 Redundant/degenerate genetic code, features of, 591
in torsades de pointes, 294 fluoroquinolones, 195 37 gout and, 467
Quadrantanopia, 542 heliotrope, 228 Reed-Sternberg cells, 429 in utero, 578
Quadriceps, 452 macrolides, 193 Refeeding syndrome, anorexia markers for, 591
Quality measurements, 273 palms and soles, 150 nervosa, 567 myoclonus in, 519
Quantifying risk, 258 penicillinase-sensitive penicillins, Referred pain NSAIDs, 589
cholecystitis, 396
Quaternary amines, 204 188 from diaphragm, 663 preeclampsia and, 643
renal cyst disorders, 604
Quaternary disease prevention, 270 rickettsial infections, 150 Reflex bradycardia, 588
Quetiapine, 573 rubella, 169, 182 Reflexes tetracycline use in, 192
Quiescent (stable) cells, 46 syphilis, 147, 184 clinical, 510 waxy casts in, 594
Quinidine, 157, 200, 322 unvaccinated children, 186 cranial nerve, 507 Wilson disease, 395
cinchonism, 251 Rathke pouch, 327, 528 motor neuron sign, 529 Renal/genitourinary drug reactions,
Quinine, 200 tumor, 613 251
Quinolone Rationalization, 555 primitive, 510 Renal hypoxia, 666
Raynaud phenomenon, 472
Legionella pneumophila, 143 Reflex tachycardia, 244 Renal ischemia, 486
Refractive errors (vision), 535
Quinupristin, 198 Buerger disease, 314 Renal medulla
calcium channel blockers for, 318 Refractory hypertension, 658 hydronephrosis, 599
R scleroderma and, 473 Refsum disease, 47 Renal oncocytoma, 605
Renal osteodystrophy, 345, 603
Rabies, 171 Razor bumps, 477 Refusing care Renal papillary necrosis, 602
RBC casts (urine), 594
minors, 269
active and passive immunity, 110 RBC inclusions, 416–444 Regadenoson, 304 pyelonephritis and, 600
rhabdovirus, 167 RBC morphology (pathologic), 414 Regan-Lowe medium, 126 sickle cell anemia, 422
viral receptors, 166 Rb gene, 224 Regional specification (brain), 490 Renal plasma flow, 582
Rachischisis, 491 Reabsorption/secretion rate Registering for exam, 5–6 glomerular dynamics and, 583
Rachitic rosary, 463 calculation, 584 Regression, 555 Renal sympathetic discharge, 588
Radial head subluxation, 461 Reaction formation, 555 Regulation of cell cycle Renal toxicity
Radial nerve, 447 Reactive arthritis, 469 Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), ganciclovir, 202
neurovascular pairing, 455 Campylobacter jejuni, 145 46 Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 593
Radiation exposure chlamydia, 148, 184 p53, 46 Renal tubular defects, 585, 586
acute myelogenous leukemia and, HLA-B27 and, 100 Tumor suppressors, 46 Renal vascular smooth muscle, 238
432 Reactive attachment disorder, 556 Regulation of gene expression, 41 Renin, 588
aplastic anemia, 421 Readmission recurrences, 272 Regulatory T cells, 102 ACE inhibitor effect on, 610
apoptosis caused by, 208 Reassortment (viral), 162 cell surface proteins, 110 aliskiren effect on, 610
as carcinogen, 225 Recall bias in studies, 260 Regurgitation in hyperaldosteronism, 349
free radical injury caused by, 210 Receiving operating characteristic in GERD, 377 renal disorders and, 591
hypopituitarism, 339 curve, 260 Reheated rice syndrome, 138 sympathetic receptors and, 238
Radiation therapy Receptor binding, 234 Reichert cartilage, 620 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
acute pericarditis and, 313 Receptor fusion proteins Reid index, 674 system, 327, 588
angiosarcomas, 478 naming conventions for, 254 Reinforcement, 554 Renovascular disease, 604
lymphopenia, 424 Receptor-mediated endocytosis, 47 Relapse stage, substance addiction, 568 Renovascular hypertension, 349
neutropenia, 424 Receptors (viral), 166 Relapsing fever Reoviruses
osteosarcoma and, 465 Receptor tyrosine kinase animal transmission, 149 characteristics, 167
pancreatic cancer, 398 hormone messenger, 337 lice, 161 genome, 163
papillary thyroid carcinoma risk, as oncogene product, 224 Relationship with patients, 268 naked viruses, 163
343 Recessive inheritance, 59 Relative risk reduction (RRR), 258 segmented, 168
readmissions with, 272 Recklinghausen disease, 525 Relative risk (RR), 256, 258, 263 Repaglinide, 353
Radiculopathy Recombinant cytokines, 121 Reliability, 259 Reperfusion injury, 210
lumbosacral, 455 Recombination (viral), 162 Remodeling (tissue), 216 Reperfusion therapy, 307
Radon Recruiting study participants, 260 REM sleep, 497 Replication fork, 38
as carcinogen, 225 Rectal sparing, 382 Renal agenesis Reportable diseases
Ragged red muscle fibers, 59 Rectosigmoid junction bilateral, 578 confidentiality exceptions, 267
Rales, 309 blood supply to, 363 unilateral, 579 Repression, 555
Raloxifene, 443, 656 Rectum Renal artery, 580 Repressor proteins
Raltegravir, 203 blood supply and innervation, 364 stenosis, 610 lactose effects on, 40
Ramelteon, 547 familial adenomatous polyposis, Renal blood flow (RBF), 363, 580 Reproductive/endocrine drug
Ramipril, 610 387 acute injury and, 602 reactions, 249
Ranitidine, 399 Hirschsprung disease, 384 NSAID effects on, 589 Reproductive hormones, 655
RANKL (RANK ligand), 332, 459 ischemia susceptibility, 210 renal plasma flow and, 582 Reproductive system, 612–653
Ranolazine portosystemic anastomosis, 365 Renal cell carcinoma, 605 anatomy, 624–627
mechanism and clinical use, 319 Rectus abdominis muscle, 369 bevacizumab for, 442 embryology, 612–623
Raphe nucleus, 495 Recurrent branch (median nerve), carcinogens for, 225 pathology, 638–652
Rapid automated broth cultures, 126 447 chromosome association, 64 pharmacology, 655–658
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, Recurrent laryngeal nerve hypercalcemia and, 228 physiology, 629–636
497 compression of, 684 immunohistochemical stain for, 227 Reptile (disease vectors), 149
Rapid filling (cardiac cycle), 287 Pancoast tumor, 685 metastases of, 223 RER staining, 493







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 792 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 793




Rescheduling exam, 6 Retinal vein occlusion, 537 Ribavirin, 204 Rivastigmine, 240, 549
Reserpine Retinitis contraindicated in pregnancy, 204 RNA
Parkinson-like syndrome, 251 AIDS, 165 purine synthesis, 36 capping, 41
Residual volume (RV), 664 cidofovir, 202 Riboflavin, 67 interference, 56
Resistance in vessels, 286 foscarnet, 202 Ribose, 79 processing (eukaryotes), 41
Respiration Retinitis pigmentosa, 538 Ribosomes, 46 RNA polymerases
exercise response, 670 Retinoblastoma Rice-water diarrhea types and functions of, 42
high altitude response, 670 chromosome association, 64 organisms causing, 179 RNA viruses, 167
in diabetic acidosis, 347 heterozygosity loss, 56 Vibrio cholerae, 146 genome, 163
Kussmaul, 347 Retinoblastomas Richter transformation, 432 Robertsonian translocation, 64
Respiratory acidosis, 592 osteosarcomas, 465 Rickets, 463 Rocker-bottom feet, 63
Respiratory alkalosis, 592 Retinoids, 477 hypophosphatemic, 591, 593 “Rocket tails,” 139
high altitude, 670 Retinopathy lab values in, 464 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 150
Respiratory burst, 109 Alport syndrome, 596 vitamin D and, 70 animal transmission, 149
free radical injury and, 210 chloroquine, 200 Rickettsia chloramphenicol, 192
Respiratory depression diabetes mellitus, 346 Gram stain, 125 Romaña sign, 158
anesthetics, 550 hypertension, 300 Rickettsial diseases, 150 Romano-Ward syndrome, 294
barbiturates, 546, 570 of prematurity, 210, 661 Rickettsia prowazekii, 150 Romberg sign, 147, 530
benzodiazepines, 544, 570 sorbitol, 81 transmission of, 149, 161 Romiplostim (TPO analog), 121
epilepsy drugs, 544 Retrograde amnesia, 558 Rickettsia rickettsii, 150 Root cause analysis, 274
inhaled anesthetics, 550 Retroperitoneal fibrosis, 599 animal transmission, 149 Rooting reflex, 510
opioids, 551, 570 Retroperitoneal structures, 360 chloramphenicol, 192 Ropivacaine, 550
psychoactive drug intoxication, 570 Retrospective studies, 260 Rickettsia spp Rosacea, 477
tricyclic antidepressants, 575 Retroviruses intracellular organism, 127 Rose gardener’s disease, 154
Respiratory drug reactions, 251 characteristics, 167 tetracyclines, 192 Rosenthal fibers, 528
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genomes, 163 Rickettsia typhi, 149, 150 Roseola
paramyxovirus, 167, 169 Rett syndrome, 61, 62 Riedel thyroiditis, 341 HHV-6/HHV-7, 165
pneumonia, 179, 683 Reverse transcriptase, 175 Rifabutin, 196 rash, 183
prophylaxis, 122 Telomerase, 38 Rifampin, 196 Rosiglitazone, 353
Respiratory system, 660–683 Reverse transcriptase polymerase cytochrome P-450 and, 252 Rotator cuff muscles, 446
anatomy, 662–663 chain reaction, 52 Hansen disease, 141 Rotavirus, 168
change in elderly, 665 Reye syndrome, 390 hepatitis, 249 diarrhea, 167
embryology, 660 Reynolds pentad, 397 Mycobacterium leprae, 196 Rotenone, 78
pathology, 671–681 Rhabdomyolysis Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 196 Roth spots, 311
pharmacology, 686–687 daptomycin, 195 as prophylaxis, 198 Rotor syndrome, 393, 394
physiology, 664–669 Rhabdomyomas, 316 prophylaxis with Haemophilus Rough endoplasmic reticulum, 46
Respiratory tract infections nomenclature for, 220 influenzae for contacts, 142 Rouleaux formation, 431
C3 deficiency, 107 Rhabdomyosarcomas protease inhibitors and, 203 Round ligament of uterus, 625
Respiratory tree, 662 dactinomycin for, 439 RNA polymerase inhibition, 42 Rovsing sign, 383
Respiratory zone, 662 nomenclature for, 220 Rifamycins, 196 Rubella, 169
Resting tremor, 519 variant, 644 Rifaximin, 391 cardiac defect association, 300
Restless legs syndrome, 519 Rhabdoviruses Rift Valley fever, 167 cataracts, 535
Restricting type of anorexia nervosa, characteristics, 167 Right anterior cardinal vein, 281 heart murmur with, 291
567 negative-stranded, 168 Right bundle branch, 293 rash, 183
Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 308 Rhagades, 147 Right bundle branch block, 289 TORCH infection, 182
hemochromatosis, 395 Rh blood classification, 405 Right common cardinal vein, 281 unvaccinated children, 186
Restrictive lung diseases, 675 newborn hemolysis, 405 Right coronary artery (RCA) Rubeola (measles) virus, 170
ankylosing spondylitis, 469 Rheumatic fever, 312 coronary circulation, 283 Ruffini corpuscles, 494
flow volume loops, 673 chorea with, 519 occlusions of, 305 Ryanodine receptor, 456
sarcoidosis, 676 heart murmur with, 291 Right heart failure, 309 RYR1 gene, 550
Reteplase (rPA), 437 myocarditis with, 313 Right horn of sinus venosus, 281
Rete testis, 652 Streptococcus pyogenes, 136 Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, 384 S
RET gene, 224 streptolysin O, 133 Right marginal artery, 283 S-100, 227
carcinoma risks with, 343 type II hypersensitivity, 112 Right-to-left shunts, 298 Saber shins
Hirschsprung disease, 384 Rheumatoid arthritis, 457, 466 Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, 397 congenital syphilis, 147
Reticular activating system, 511 autoantibody, 115 Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) syphilis, 182
Reticular fibrous framework (spleen), azathioprine for, 440 high altitude, 670 Sabin poliovirus vaccine, 167
98 carpal tunnel syndrome and, pulmonary hypertension, 679 Sabouraud agar, 126
Reticulate bodies, 148 459 Riluzole, 549 Saccular aneurysms, 516
Reticulin, 50 celecoxib for, 486 Ringed sideroblasts, 416 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 51
Reticulocyte index (RI), 417 etanercept for, 487 ring-enhancing lesions (MRI) renal cyst disorders and, 604
Reticulocytes, 407 HLA-DR4 and, 100 Toxoplasma gondii, 156 Saccular (development stage), 660
in aplastic anemia, 421 immunosuppressants, 120 Ringworm Sacrococcygeal teratomas, 652
intravascular hemolysis, 421 infliximab/adalimumab for, 487 griseofulvin, 200 Sacubitril
Retina leflunomide for, 486 tinea corporis, 152 mechanism and clinical use, 319
chronic hyperglycemia, 537 methotrexate for, 440 Risedronate, 486 Saddle embolus, 672
embryologic derivation of, 613 rituximab for, 443 Risk assessment, 258 Saddle nose
Retinal hemorrhage Rheumatoid factor, 115 Risk quantification, 258 syphilis, 182
hypertensive emergency, 300 Rhinitis Risperidone, 573 Safety culture, 273
Retinal pathology phenylephrine for, 242 Ristocetin, 411 Salicylates
degeneration, 536 Rhinophyma, 477 risus sardonicus toxicity treatment for, 248
detachment, 537 Rhinosinusitis, 671 tetanospasmin, 138 as weak acids, 233
hemorrhage, 537 Rhinovirus Ritonavir Salivary gland tumors, 376
retinitis, 536 picornavirus, 167, 168 HIV therapy, 203 Salivary stimulation, 240
vein occlusion, 537 receptors for, 166 Rituximab, 122, 443 Salmeterol, 242, 687
visual field defects, 542 Rhizopus spp, 153 Rivaroxaban, 437 Salmonella, 118







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 793 11/21/19 12:27 PM

794 INDEX INDEX




Salmonella spp Schizophrenia, 572 Seizures Separation anxiety (infants), 635
animal transmission, 149 atypical antipsychotics for, 573 anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, Sepsis
bloody diarrhea, 179 diagnostic criteria, 560–576 228 ARDS, 678
encapsulated bacteria, 127 neurotransmitters for, 495 barbiturates for, 546 immunodeficient patients, 118
food poisoning, 178 readmissions with, 272 benzodiazepine withdrawal, 546, 570 lymphopenia with, 424
intracellular organism, 127 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders, β-blockers, 245 neutropenia with, 424
Shigella spp vs, 144 560 brain injury with recurring, 517 shock with, 310
osteomyelitis, 180 Schizophreniform disorder, 560 bupropion, 576 Streptococcus agalactiae, 137
penicillins for, 188 Schizotypal personality, 560, 565 clozapine use and, 573 Septate uterus, 623
reactive arthritis, 469 Schüffner stippling cytomegalovirus, 182 Septation of heart chambers, 280
TMP-SMX for, 194 in blood smear, 157 drug reaction and, 251 Septic arthritis, 468
Salmonella typhi, 144 Schwann cells, 494 with eclampsia, 643 gonococci, 142
Salpingitis Guillain-Barré syndrome, 524 electrolyte disturbances, 591 Staphylococcus aureus, 135
ectopic pregnancy and, 641 origin of, 490 enflurane, 251 Septicemia
Sampling bias, 260 Schwannomas, 494, 527 foscarnet, 202 Listeria monocytogenes, 139
“sand”(orange) in diaper, 37 Sciatic nerve, 452 during heat stroke, 517 readmissions with, 272
Sandflies (disease vectors), 158 SCID (severe combined herpesviruses and, 164, 165, 183 Waterhouse-Friderichsen
Sandfly fever, 167 immunodeficiency), 37, 117 high fever, 165 syndrome, 349
SA node, 292 adenosine deaminase deficiency, imipenem/cilastatin, 251 Septic shock
Saponification, 209 37 isoniazid, 197 diffuse cortical necrosis (renal), 602
Saprophyticus lymphopenia caused by, 424 medium-chain acyl-CoA macrophages and, 407
urease-positive, 127 thymic shadow in, 98 dehydrogenase deficiency, norepinephrine for, 242
Saquinavir, 203 Sclerae 89 Septum primum, 280
Sarcoidosis alkaptonuria, 84 meropenem, 190 Septum secundum, 280
erythema nodosum, 482 osteogenesis imperfecta, 51 nitrosourea toxicity, 441 Sequence (morphogenesis error), 613
restrictive lung disease, 676 Scleritis, 466 parasite infestation and, 161 Serine, 224
Sarcoma botryoides, 644 Sclerodactyly, 473 PCP, 571 Serologic markers
Sarcomas Scleroderma, 473 phenylketonuria, 84 hepatitis, 174
metastases of, 223 Scleroderma (diffuse) psychoactive drug intoxication/ Seronegative spondyloarthritis, 469
methotrexate for, 440 autoantibody, 115 withdrawal, 570–571 Serosa, 362
nomenclature of, 220 Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility, Rett syndrome, 62 Serotonergic drugs, 574
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 456 377 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 525 Serotonin
Sargramostim (GM-CSF), 121 Sclerosing adenosis, 649 Taenia solium, 160, 161 changes with disease, 495
SARS (sudden acute respiratory Sclerosing cholangitis, 393, 395 tramadol and, 552 vitamin B and, 67
6
syndrome), 167 ulcerative colitis association, 382 types of, 517 Serotonin syndrome, 400, 547, 552,
Satiety/hunger regulation, 498 Scombroid poisoning, 247 venous sinus thrombosis, 503 569
Saturday night palsy, 447 Scopolamine, 241 visceral larva migrans, 159 atypical antidepressants, 576
“Saw-tooth” crypt pattern, 387 Scoring of USMLE Step 1 exam, vitamin B deficiency, 67 dextromethorphan, 686
6
Saxagliptin, 353 7, 8–9 Zellweger syndrome, 47 MAOIs, 575
SBLA cancer syndrome, 224 Scorpion sting, 397 Selection bias, 260 MDMA, 571
Scabies, 161, 200 Scotoma, 542 Selective estrogen receptor modulators oxazolidinones, 193
Scalded skin syndrome Scrotal hematoma, 627 (SERMs), 443, 462, 656 Serous cystadenocarcinoma, 227, 646
Staphylococcus aureus, 135 Scrotum, 627 Selective IgA deficiency, 116 Serous cystadenoma, 646
toxic shock syndrome toxin, 133 lymphatic drainage of, 624 Selective media, 126 Serpentine cord, 140
Scales (skin), 475 masses in, 652 Selective mutism, 557 Serrated colon polyps, 387
basal cell carcinoma, 484 Scurvy Selectivity Serratia marcescens, 128
pityriasis rosea, 482 collagen synthesis and, 50 β-blockers, 245 treatment of, 189
psoriasis, 477 vitamin C deficiency, 69 Selegiline, 548, 549, 575 in immunodeficiency, 128
seborrheic dermatitis, 476 Seafood toxins, 247 Selenium sulfide UTIs, 181
Scaphoid bone, 449 Seal-like barking cough, 170 tinea versicolor, 152 Serratia spp
Scar formation, 218 Seborrheic dermatitis, 476 Self-fulfilling prophecies, 260 immunodeficient patients, 118
Scarlet fever Sebum, 477 Self-image of patient, 268 Serratus anterior muscle, 448
presentation, 136 Secobarbital, 546 Self-mutilation Sertoli cells
rash with, 183 Secondary adrenal insufficiency, 349 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37 secretions of, 622, 628
Streptococcus pyogenes, 136 Secondary amyloidosis, 212 Semimembranosus, 451, 452 sexual determination, 622
S cells, 371 Secondary biliary cholangitis, 395 Seminal vesicles, 622 tumors of, 653
Schatzki rings, 377 Secondary disease prevention, 270 Seminiferous tubules, 626, 628, 629 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, 647
Schaumann bodies, 676 Secondary glomerular disease, 594 Seminoma, 653 Sertraline, 575
Schilling test, 420 Secondary hyperaldosteronism, 349 Semitendinosus, 451, 452 Serum amyloid A, 213
Schistocytes, 414 Secondary hyperparathyroidism, 345, Sensitivity (diagnostic tests), 257 Serum markers (liver pathology), 390
in extrinsic hemolytic anemias, 423 464 Sensorineural hearing loss, 533 Serum osmolarity
HELLP syndrome, 643 Secondary polycythemia, 433 Sensory cortex, 514 antidiuretic hormone regulation
in intravascular hemolysis, 421 Secondary spontaneous topographic representation, 502 of, 329
in microangiopathic anemia, 423 pneumothorax, 682 Sensory innervation Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
Schistosoma haematobium Second-degree AV block, 295 derivation of, 620 in plasma cell dyscrasias, 431
bladder cancer, 226 Second messengers lower extremity, 452, 453 Serum tumor markers, 226
disease association, 161 G-protein linked, 238 tongue, 493 Sevelamer, 355
squamous cell carcinoma of Second-wind phenomenon, 87 upper extremity nerve injury, 447 17α-hydroxylase, 335
bladder, 606 Secretin Sensory loss 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 335
Schistosoma spp, 160, 161 regulatory substances, 371 conversion disorder and, 566 Sevoflurane, 550
Schistosomiasis secretory cell location, 373 stroke effects, 514 Sex chromosome disorders, 638
portal hypertension, 389 somatostatinomas and, 351 Sensory modalities/pathways Sex cord stromal tumors, 647
pulmonary arterial hypertension, Secretion rate calculation, 584 receptors for, 494 Sex development disorders
679 Secretory (exported) protein synthesis, spinal tracts in, 509 phenotypic and gonadal
Schizoaffective disorder, 560 46 thalamus in, 498 disagreement in, 639
Schizoid personality disorder, 565 Segmented viruses, 168 Separation anxiety disorder, 557 physical characteristics, 639







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 794 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 795




Sex hormone–binding globulin Sign of Leser-Trélat, 228 petechiae, 407 Smoking
(SHBG), 337 Sildenafil, 651 pigmentation disorders, 475, 476 abdominal aortic aneurysms and,
Sex hormone disorder diagnosis, 639 Silencer (gene expression), 41 plaque, 475 302
Sex pilus (bacterial genetics), 130 Silicosis, 677 pustule, 475 atherosclerosis and, 302
Sex steroid replacement, 339 Silver stain, 125, 143 scale, 475 Buerger disease and, 314
Sexual abuse, 556, 558 Simeprevir, 204 scaling, 152 bupropion for cessation, 576
Sexual behavior Simple partial seizures, 517 scaly, 66 carcinogenicity of, 225
hypothalamus regulation of, 498 Simple pneumothorax, 680 seborrheic keratoses, 228 cataracts, 535
Sexual differentiation, 622, 636 Simple renal cysts, 604 splinter hemorrhages, 311 colorectal cancer and, 388
Sexual dysfunction Single nucleotide (point) mutation, striae, 348 emphysema, 674
β-blockers and, 245, 323 39 T-cell lymphoma, 430 esophageal cancer and, 378
cimetidine, 399 Single nucleotide polymorphisms telangiectasia, 316, 473 head and neck cancer, 671
differential diagnosis of, 567 (SNPs), 54 ulcers, 158 hormonal contraception, 657
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic Single nucleotide substitutions, 39 vascular tumors, 478 Legionnaires’ disease, 143
syndrome, 472 Single-stranded binding proteins, 38 vasculitides, 314 lung cancer, 684
Peyronie disease and, 651 Sinusitis verrucous, 151 pancreatic cancer and, 398
tuberoinfundibular pathway, 499 brain abscesses, 180 vesicle, 475 renal cell carcinoma, 605
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) C3 deficiency and, 107 wheal, 475 saccular aneurysms, 516
clinical features, 184 Kartagener syndrome, 49 Skip lesions, 382 squamous cell carcinoma of
parental consent with, 265 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 Skull thickening, 463 bladder, 606
Sézary syndrome, 430 Wegener granulomatosis, 315 Slapped cheek rash, 183 stomach cancer and, 379
Shawl and face rash, 471 Sinus venosus, 281 Sleep teratogenic effects, 614
Sheehan syndrome, 339 Sirolimus ghrelin/leptin production, 336 transitional cell carcinoma, 606
Sheep (disease vectors), 160 immunosuppressant, 120 Sleep disturbance varenicline for cessation, 576
Shiga-like toxin (SLT), 145 Sister Mary Joseph nodules, 379 apnea, 679 Smooth brain, 491
cytokine release and, 132 Sitagliptin, 353 benzodiazepines and, 570 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, 46
Shiga toxin, 130, 132, 144 Situs inversus, 49 β-blockers, 245 Smooth muscle
Shigella boydii, 144 6-mercaptopurine, 440 delirium and, 558 BMPR2 gene, 679
Shigella dysenteriae, 144 azathioprine, 120 generalized anxiety disorder, 563 contraction of, 457
Shigella flexneri, 144 for ulcerative colitis, 382 in geriatric patients, 270 glomus tumors, 478
Shigella sonnei, 144 purine synthesis, 36 hypnagogic hallucinations, 559 respiratory tree, 662
Shigella spp targets of, 438 hypnopompic, 559 tumor nomenclature in, 220
bloody diarrhea, 179 Sjögren syndrome, 468 paralysis, 568 Smooth muscle (vascular)
penicillinase-sensitive penicillins autoantibody, 115 paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, in arteriolosclerosis, 301
for, 188 pilocarpine for, 240 309 atherosclerosis and, 302
reactive arthritis, 469 rheumatoid arthritis, 466 pulsus paradoxus in, 310 calcium channel blocker action,
TMP-SMX, 194 Skeletal muscles sleep terror disorder, 567, 568 318
vs Salmonella spp, 144 ACh receptors in, 236 varenicline, 576 Smudge cells, 432
Shingles, 165 blood flow regulation in, 297 Sleep physiology, 497 SNARE proteins
Shin splints, 461 glycogen metabolism in, 86 stages in, 497 in neurotransmission, 138
Shock, 310 somatic nerve, supply of, 236 Sleepwalking SNc (substantia nigra pars compacta),
dopamine for, 242 Skewed distributions, 262 sleep stages and, 497 495
Ebola, 171 Skin SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine
endotoxins, 131 blood flow regulation in, 297 470 reuptake inhibitors )
in pulmonary anthrax, 137 collagen in, 50 antiphospholipid syndrome and, clinical use, 572
norepinephrine for, 242 normal flora of, 135 470 major depressive disorder, 561
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome pigmentation, 56 autoantibodies, 115 mechanism and clinical use, 575
and, 349 wrinkles of aging, 52 DPGN, 596 Snuffles, 147
short-chain fatty acids Skin anatomy, 473–483 HLA subtypes, 100 “Soap bubble” appearance/lesions
in anaerobic organisms, 127 layers of, 473 kidney disease with, 596 giant cell tumor, 464
SIADH, 338 microscopic terms, 475 Raynaud phenomenon, 472 Cryptococcus neoformans, 153
drug raction and, 249 morphology, 475 Sliding hiatal hernia, 370 Social anxiety disorder, 563
markers in, 591 Skin cancer, 484 Slime (S) layer, 124 drug therapy for, 572
paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 albinism and, 476 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, SSRIs for, 575
Sialadenitis, 376 Lynch syndrome and, 388 461 venlafaxine for, 575
Sialolithiasis, 376 Skin drug reactions, 250 osteonecrosis, 463 Social engagement
x
Sialyl Lewis , 215 Skin flora, 178 Slow acetylators, 232 infant deprivation effects, 556
Sibling studies, 256 Skin lesions Small bowel disease, 374 Sodium channel blockers, 322
Sickle cell disease, 422, 651 autoimmune disorders, 480 Small cell carcinoma of lung, 684 Sodium channels
ESR in, 214 bulla, 475 carcinogens for, 225 cystic fibrosis, 60
osteonecrosis and, 463 burns, 483 immunohistochemical stains for, epilepsy drug effects, 544
postsplenectomy state in, 98 café-au-lait spots, 57 227 local anesthetic effects, 550
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 cancer, 222 oat cell carcinoma, 684 pacemaker action potential and,
Sickle cells, 415 common disorders, 477 paraneoplastic syndromes, 228 292
Sideroblastic anemia crust, 475 Lambert-Eaton myasthenic permethrin, 200
causes and treatment, 419 dermatitis herpetiformis, 381 syndrome, 472 Sodium-glucose co-transporters
lead poisoning, 419 erythema multiforme, 151 topotecan for, 442 (SGLT), 334, 353, 373, 584
vitamin B deficiency, 67 Gottron papules, 228 Small interfering RNA (siRNA) 56 Sodium oxybate (GHB)
6
Sigmoid colon, 383 hyperlipidemia signs, 300, 301 Small intestine, 371 narcolepsy treatment, 568
Sigmoid sinus, 503 hyperpigmentation, 395 Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Sodium-potassium channels, 236
Sigmoid volvulus, 386 inflammatory bowel disease, 382 432 Sodium-potassium pump, 49
Signaling pathways Kaposi sarcoma, 165 Small molecule inhibitors Sodium stibogluconate, 158, 200
endocrine hormones, 337 kwashiorkor, 71 naming conventions for, 254 Sofosbuvir, 204
steroid hormones, 337 macule, 475 Smallpox, 164 Solifenacin, 241
Signal recognition particle (SRP), 47 papule, 475 Small-vessel vasculitis Solitary functioning kidney, 579
Signet ring cells, 379 patch, 475 presentation and pathology, 314 Solitary nucleus of medulla, 296







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 795 11/21/19 12:27 PM

796 INDEX INDEX




Somatic hypermutation, 101 Spirochetes, 146 SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake Statins
Somatic mosaicism Spironolactone, 609, 658 inhibitors), 575 for acute coronary syndromes, 307
Sturge-Weber syndrome, 525 for heart failure, 309 anxiety disorders, 562 hepatitis, 249
Somatic mosaicism, 57 Splay (glucose clearance), 584 atypical depression, 561 myopathy, 250
Somatic nerves Spleen clinical use, 572 Statistical distribution, 262
male sexual response, 627 bacterial clearance by, 127 major depressive disorder, 561 Statistical hypotheses, 262
Somatic symptom disorder, 566 blood supply and innervation of, mechanism and clinical use, 575 confidence interval, 263
Somatic symptoms 364 obsessive-compulsive disorder, 563 correct result, 263
characteristics of, 566 embryology, 360 panic disorder, 563 incorrect results, 263
conversion disorder, 566 in gastrointestinal anatomy, 361 phobias, 563 test for, 264
illness anxiety disorder, 566 ischemia susceptibility, 210 postpartum depression, 562 Status epilepticus, 517
somatic symptom disorder, 566 structure and function, 98 SIADH caused by, 249 treatment, 544
Somatomedin, 329 thrombocytes in, 407 Stable angina, 304 Stavudine, 203
Somatosensory cortex (primary), 501 Splenectomy, 422 Stable (quiescent) cells, 46 Steady state, 231
thalamic relays to, 498 peripheral blood smear after, 423 Stab wounds and winged scapula, 448 Steatohepatitis, 389
Somatostatin Splenic artery, 364 Staghorn calculi, 598 Steatorrhea
function of, 328 Splenic flexure Stains (bacterial), 125 chronic pancreatitis, 397
glucagon and, 333 blood supply to, 363 Standard deviation cystic fibrosis, 60
hypothalamic/pituitary drugs, 354 Splenomegaly dispersion, 262 malabsorption syndromes and, 381
production of, 329 anemia, 157 variability, 259 octreotide effect, 400
regulatory substances, 371 cirrhosis, 389 Standard error of the mean, 262 Steatosis (hepatic), 390, 391
secretory cell locations, 373 hairy cell leukemia, 432 Stapedial artery, 619 Steeple sign (x-ray), 170
Somatostatinoma, 351 hereditary spherocytosis, 422 Stapedius muscle, 620 Stellate cells, 367
pancreatic cell tumor, 351 malaria, 157 Stapes (ossicles), 533, 620 Stellate ganglion, 685
Somatotropin, 329 myelofibrosis, 433 Staphylococcal scalded skin Stem cells
Sorbitol metabolism, 81 rheumatoid arthritis, 466 syndrome, 479 in aplastic anemia, 421
Sotalol, 323 visceral leishmaniasis, 158 Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome bone marrow, 108
Southern blot, 53 Splenorenal ligament, 361 (TSS), 135 CD34 protein, 110
Southwestern blot, 53 Splicing of pre-mRNA, 42 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 myelodysplastic syndromes and,
Space of Disse, 367 alternative splicing, 43 bacterial endocarditis, 311 431, 432
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance, Splinter hemorrhages, 311 β-hemolytic nature of, 135 Steppage gait, 453
152 Splitting, 555 brain abscesses, 180 Sterilization/disinfection methods,
Spasmolytics, 551 Splitting of heart sounds, 288, 289 cephalosporins, 189 204
Spastic paralysis Spondyloarthritis (seronegative), 469 cystic fibrosis, 60, 179 Steroid hormone signaling pathways,
tetanospasmin, 138 Spongiosis, 475 dapsone, 195 337
Spastic paresis, 529 Spontaneous abortion exotoxin production, 133 Steroids
Special senses antiphospholipid syndrome, 470 food poisoning, 178 acute pancreatitis, 397
ophthalmology, 534–543 Listeria monocytogenes, 139 immunocompromised patients, 179 adrenal insufficiency, 349
otology, 533–534 syphilis, 182 influenza, 169 berylliosis, 677
Specificity equation, 257 vitamin A excess, 614 IV drug use, 179 CRH levels in, 328
Specific learning disorder, 557 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, nosocomial infection, 179, 185 multiple sclerosis, 523
Spermatic cord, 369 389, 390 osteomyelitis and, 180 synthesis of, 46, 72
Spermatocele, 652 Spontaneous pneumothorax, 682 penicillins for, 188 TBG and, 331
Spermatocytes, 628 Sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda, pigment production, 128 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 194, 481,
Spermatogenesis, 628 173 pneumonia, 683 544
cryptorchidism and, 651 Spore-forming bacteria, 129, 138 postviral infection, 179 atypical variant of, 150
process of, 629 Spores, 124 prophylaxis for, 198 drug reaction and, 250
prolactin effect on, 330 Sporothrix schenckii, 154 septic arthritis, 468 sulfa drug allergies, 252
Spermatogonia, 628 Sporotrichosis, 154 skin infections, 479 Stimulants
Spermiogenesis, 629 Sprain (ankle), 455 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 135 for ADHD, 557
Sphenomandibular ligament, 620 Sprue gram-positive testing, 134 intoxication and withdrawal, 570
Sphenoparietal sinus, 503 fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in vivo biofilm production, 128 laxative, 401
Spherocytosis, 415 and, 65 normal flora, 178 St. John’s wort, 252
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 415 vitamin B deficiency, 69 nosocomial infection, 185 St. Louis encephalitis, 167
12
extrinsic hemolytic anemia, 423 “Spur cells,” 414 osteomyelitis, 180 Stomach
hereditary, 421, 422 Sputum urease-positive, 127 basal electric rhythm, 362
Sphincter of Oddi, 368, 371 currant jelly, 145 vancomycin for, 190 blood supply to, 364
Sphingolipidoses, 88 Klebsiella spp, 186 Staphylococcus gallolyticus, 137 cholecystokinin effect on, 371
Sphingomyelin, 88 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 Staphylococcus pyogenes in gastrointestinal anatomy, 361
Sphingomyelinase, 88 rusty, 136 skin infections, 479 histology of, 362
Spina bifida Squalene epoxidase, 199 Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 136 regulatory substances, 371
neural tube defect, 491 Squamous cell carcinoma, 484 gram-positive testing, 134 sclerosis of, 473
Spinal cord anus and cervix, 177 urinary tract infections, 600 secretin effect on, 371
embryologic derivation, 613 bladder, 160, 606 UTIs, 181 Stone bone, 463
lesions of, 530 carcinogens in, 225 Staphylococcus spp Straight sinus, 503
lower extent of, 507 cervix, 645 antibiotic tests for, 134 Stranger anxiety (infants), 635
nerve nuclei of, 505 esophagus, 378 facultative anaerobic metabolism, Strategies
nerves of, 507 head and neck, 671 127 clinical vignette, 23
tracts of, 508, 509 hypercalcemia and, 228 Starling curves, 285, 297 test-taking, 22–23
Spinal cord syndromes lungs, 684 Starling forces, 297 Strawberry cervix, 181, 184
multiple sclerosis, 523 pectinate line and, 366 “Starry sky” appearance of B cells, Strawberry hemangiomas, 478
Spinal muscular atrophy, 530 penis, 651 430 Strawberry tongue, 136
splicing of pre-mRNA in, 42 of skin, 482 Start and stop codons, 44 Kawasaki, 314
Spinothalamic tract, 509 Squamous epithelium, 662 Startle myoclonus, 521 scarlet fever, 136
thalamic relay for, 498 SRY gene, 622 Starvation phases, 91 Streak gonads, 622








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 796 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 797




Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Studies Suicide Surgical procedures
strep), 137 error types, 256 deaths from, 272 readmissions with, 272
β-hemolytic nature of, 135 Studying for USMLE Step 1 exam physician-assisted, 268 Surrogate decision-maker, 266
encapsulated bacteria, 127 timeline for, 16–19 risk factors for, 562 Suvorexant, 547
gram-positive testing, 134 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 525 Sulbactam, 189 Swallowing
in neonates, 182 Stylohyoid ligament, 620 Sulfadiazine, 194 tongue movement in, 493
prophylaxis for, 198 Stylohyoid muscle, 620 Toxoplasma gondii, 156 Swan-Ganz catheter, 297
Streptococcus bovis, 137 Styloid process, 620 Sulfa drugs, 252 Swarming, 181
Streptococcus mutans Stylopharyngeus, 620 megaloblastic, 250 Sweat glands, 236
biofilm production, 128 Subacute combined degeneration rash, 250 embryologic derivation, 613
normal flora, 178 (SCD), 69, 530 Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), 194 pilocarpine effects, 240
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 Subacute endocarditis Sulfapyridine, 400 Swiss cheese model, 273
chloramphenicol, 192 enterococci, 137 Sulfasalazine, 252, 400, 466 Sydenham chorea, 312, 519
cystic fibrosis, 179 Staphylococcus gallolyticus, 137 Sulfatides, 140 Sylvian fissure, 501
encapsulated bacteria, 127 Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, Sulfisoxazole, 194 Sympathetic nervous system
gram-positive testing, 134 341 Sulfonamides denervation of face, 540
IgA protease and, 129 Subarachnoid hemorrhage, 513, 518 cytochrome P-450 and, 252 male sexual response, 627
influenza, 169 aneurysms, 516 hemolysis in G6PD deficiency, 250 receptor targets, 236
IV drug use and, 179 nimodipine for, 318 hypothyroidism, 249 venous return and, 286
meningitis, 179, 180 Subarachnoid space, 507 mechanism and use, 194 Sympatholytic drugs, 243
penicillin G/V for, 187 Subclavian arteries, 619 Nocardia spp, 139 Sympathomimetics
pneumonia, 179, 683 Subcutaneous fat photosensitivity, 250 direct, 242
postviral infection, 179 erythema nodosum in, 482 pregnancy contraindication, 204 indirect, 242
transformation in, 130 skin layers, 473 trimethoprim, 194 Syncope
α-hemolysis, 135 Subcutis, 473 vitamin B deficiency, 68 during exercise, 308
9
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Subdural hematomas, 513 Sulfonylureas, 353 pulsus parvus et tardus, 291
strep), 130, 133, 136 Subendocardium, 210 disulfiram-like reaction, 251 Synctiotrophoblasts, 617, 633
β-hemolysis, 135 Sublimation, 555 insulin and, 334 β-hCG and, 226
lab testing, 134 Sublingual gland Sulfur granules, 128, 139 hCG secretion by, 633
in renal disease, 596 stones in, 376 Sumatriptan, 547 Syndrome of apparent
M protein and, 129 Submandibular gland cluster headaches, 518 mineralocorticoid excess,
rash, 183 stones in, 376 coronary vasospasm with, 248 586
treatment of, 187, 192 Submucosa, 362 Sunburn, 482 markers in, 591
Streptococcus pyogenes toxic shock– Submucosal polyps, 387 Sunburst pattern (X-ray), 465 Syndrome of inappropriate
like syndrome Subscapularis muscle, 446 Superficial inguinal nodes, 624 antidiuretic hormone
skin infection with, 135 Substance abuse Superior colliculi, 504 secretion (SIADH), 338
Streptococcus sanguinis, 128 adult T-cell lymphoma and, 430 Superior gluteal nerve, 453 Synergism
Streptococcus spp Candida albicans, 153 Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), Aspirin and, 235
antibiotic tests for, 134 delirium with, 558 364 of drugs, 235
facultative anaerobic metabolism, dissociative identity disorder and, 558 syndrome, 363 Syphilis, 147
127 parental consent, 265 Superior oblique muscle, 540 fluorescent antibody stain for, 125
septic arthritis, 468 torsades de pointes in, 294 Superior olive (nucleus), 498 STI, 184
Streptogramins, 198 tricuspid valve endocarditis and, Superior ophthalmic vein, 503 syphilitic heart disease, 312
Streptokinase, 437 311 Superior rectal vein, 365 tabes dorsalis, 530
Streptolysin O, 133 Substance P, 551 Superior rectus muscle, 540 testing for, 148
Streptomycin, 191, 197 Substance P antagonist, 401 Superior sagittal sinus, 503 thoracic aortic aneurysms and, 302
Stress incontinence, 599 Substance use disorder, 568 Superior sulcus tumor, 685 TORCH infection, 182
Stress-related disorders, 564 addiction, stages of change in Superior vena cava Syringomyelia, 492
Striated muscle, 220 overcoming, 568 embryologic development of, 281 spinal cord lesions, 530
Striatum, 500, 514 Substantia nigra pars compacta in fetal circulation, 282 Syrinx, 492
String sign (x-ray), 382 (SNc), 500 Superior vena cava syndrome, 98, 685 Systemic amyloidosis, 212
Stroke, 512 Subthalamic nucleus, 500 lung cancer, 684 Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis,
ADP receptor inhibitors for, 437 lesions in, 511 Pancoast tumor, 685 468
atrial fibrillation and, 295 Subunit vaccines, 111 Superoxide dismutase, 109 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
central post-stroke pain syndrome, Succimer free radical elimination by, 210 470
515 heavy metal toxicity, 248 Supination Systemic mycoses, 151
direct factor Xa inhibitors for, 437 lead poisoning, 419 Erb palsy, 448 Systemic primary carnitine
eclampsia, 643 Succinate dehydrogenase, 67, 78 forearm, 447 deficiency, 89
effects of, 514–515 Succinylcholine, 551, 590 Supportive therapy, 572 Systemic sclerosis, 473
homocystinuria, 84 Succinyl-CoA Suppression, 555 Systemic senile amyloidosis, 212
hypertension, 300 gluconeogenesis, 78 Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), Systolic ejection, 287
hypertensive emergency and, 300 TCA cycle, 77 497–498 Systolic murmur, 308
sickle cell anemia, 422 Sucking reflex, 510 sleep physiology and, 497
syphilis, 147 Sucralfate, 399 Supracondylar fracture, 447 T
thrombolytics for, 437 Sudden death Supraoptic nucleus, 498 T3 (liothyronine), 354
Stroke volume, 284 cardiac death, 304, 313 Suprascapular nerve, 446 T4 (levothyroxine), 354
equation for, 285 cocaine use, 571 Supraspinatus muscle, 446, 448 Tabes dorsalis, 147, 184
Strongyloides spp, 158, 159 cor pulmonale, 679 Supraventricular tachycardia spinal cord lesions, 530
Structural quality measurement, with myocarditis, 313 adenosine for diagnosing, 324 Tachyarrhythmia
273 sleep apnea, 679 β-blockers for, 245, 323 isoproterenol for evaluating, 242
Struvite stones Sudden infant death syndrome calcium channel blockers for, 324 thyroid storm, 342
with Proteus spp, 127 (SIDS), 635 Suramin, 200 Tachycardia
ST segment, 293 Suicidal patients, 268 Surface F protein, 169 β-blockers, 245
ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) confidentiality exceptions and, 267 Surfactant (pulmonary), 661 drug-induced, 318
diagnosis of, 304 elderly, 270 Surgical neck of humerus, 455 MDMA, 571








FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 797 11/21/19 12:27 PM

798 INDEX INDEX




Tachycardia (continued) Tearing stimulation, 240 Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Theophylline, 687
metronidazole, 195 Teenagers (TdT), 104 therapeutic index of, 234
with myocarditis, 313 common causes of death, 272 Tertiary adrenal insufficiency, 349 Therapeutic antibodies, 121, 122
PCP, 571 Teeth Tertiary disease prevention, 270 Therapeutic index (TI), 234
phenoxybenzamine, 244 congenital syphilis, 147 Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, 345 Therapeutic window, 234
reflex, 244 dentinogenesis imperfecta, 51 Tesamorelin, 328 Thermogenin, 78
stimulants and, 570 discoloration, 192, 204, 250, 614 Testes Theta rhythm (EEG), 497
supraventricular, 245 Gardner syndrome, 387 descent of, 624 Thiamine, 66
thyroid hormones, 354 osteogenesis imperfecta, 51 lymphatic drainage of, 624 Thiazide diuretics, 609
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Sjögren syndrome and, 468 progesterone production, 630 in gout, 250
294 Telangiectasias Testicular atrophy in heart failure, 309
Tachyphylaxis, 235 basal cell carcinomas, 484 alcoholism, 571 in hypertension, 316
Tacrolimus hereditary hemorrhagic, 316 muscular dystrophy, 61 Thiazides, 609
hyperglycemia, 249 Telencephalon, 490 Testicular cancer, 439, 442, 653 Thionamides, 354
immunosuppression, 120 Tellurite agar, 126 Testicular torsion, 651 Thiopental, 546, 550
Tactile hallucinations, 559 Telomerase Testicular tumors Thioridazine, 573
cocaine, 571 action of, 38 germ cell, 652–653 Third-degree (complete) AV block,
Taenia solium, 160, 161 Telophase, 46 non-germ cell tumors, 653 295
Takayasu arteritis, 314 Temazepam, 546 Testing agencies, 24 3rd pharyngeal pouch, 621
Tamm–Horsfall mucoprotein, 594 Temperature receptors, 494 Testis-determining factor, 622 3rd pharyngeal arch, 620
Tamoxifen, 443, 656 Temperature regulation, 498 Testosterone, 636, 658 Thirst
hot flashes with, 249 Temperature sensation androgen insensitivity syndrome, hypothalamus and, 498
Tamsulosin, 244, 658 cape-like distribution loss, 492, 530 639 30S inhibitors, 191
Tanner stages (sexual development), loss with strokes, 514 Leydig cell secretion, 628 Thoracic aortic aneurysm, 300, 302
637 Temporal arteritis, 314 Sertoli cells, 628 Thoracic outlet syndrome, 448, 684
Tardive dyskinesia Temporalis muscle, 507 SHBG effect on, 337 Threadworms, 159
antipsychotic drugs and, 573 Temporal lobe, 501, 514 signaling pathways for, 337 Threonine, 81
metoclopramide adverse effect, Temporal lobe encephalitis, 164 spermatogenesis, 628 Threonine kinase, 224
400 Tendinopathy (rotator cuff), 446 Testosterone-secreting tumors, 639 Thrombi
nigrostriatal pathway, 499 Tendinous xanthomas, 301 Testosterone synthesis, 199 atherosclerosis, 302
Target cells, 415 familial hypercholesterolemia, 94 Test-taking strategy, 22–23 mural, 305, 307
postsplenectomy, 98 Tendonitis Tetanospasmin, 132 post-MI, 305
Tarsal tunnel syndrome, 453 drug reaction and, 250 blocks release of GABA, 138 Thrombin, 436
Taste fluoroquinolones, 195 Tetanus Thromboangiitis obliterans, 314
cranial nerve lesions and, 532 Tendons exotoxins, 131 Thrombocytes (platelets), 407
loss with stroke, 514 collagen in, 50 Tetanus toxin, 110 disorders, 426–427
thalamic relay for, 498 Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA), 437 Tetany function tests of, 426
TATA box, 41 Teniposide, 442 hypocalcemia, 591 heparin adverse effects, 436
Taxanes, 441 Tennis elbow, 459 hypoparathyroidism, 344 leukemias, 432
Tay-Sachs disease “Tennis rackets” (Birbeck) granules, Tetrabenazine liver markers, 390
lysosomal storage disease, 88 Huntington disease, 549 mixed coagulation disorders, 428
Tazobactam, 189 434 Tourette syndrome, 572 thrombolytics and, 437
TCA cycle, 77 Tenofovir, 203 Tetracaine, 550 transfusion of, 421, 429
hyperammonemia, 82 Tenosynovitis, 468 Tetracyclines, 192 in wound healing, 216
metabolic site, 72 Tension headaches, 518 esophagitis, 249 Thrombocythemia (essential), 433
pyruvate metabolism, 77 Tension pneumothorax, 680, 682 Fanconi syndrome, 251 Thrombocytopenia, 407
rate-determining enzyme for, 73 Tensor fascia latae muscle, 453 photosensitivity, 250 Class IA antiarrhythmics, 322
TCA toxicity Tensor tympani muscle, 620 protein synthesis inhibition, 191 cytarabine, 440
treatment of, 233 Tensor veli palatini muscle, 620 pseudotumor cerebri and, 521 drug reaction and, 250
T cells, 127, 409 Teratogens teratogenicity, 204, 614 Escherichia coli, 145
activation, 103 ACE inhibitors, 610 tooth discoloration, 250 ganciclovir, 202
adaptive immunity, 99 aminoglycosides, 191 Tetrahydrobiopterin (bh4) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, 438
anergy, 110 angiotensin II receptor blockers, in phenylketonuria, 84 heparin adverse effects, 436
cell surface proteins, 110 610 Tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), 68, oxazolidinones, 193
corticosteroid effects, 120 in fetal development, 612 194 protease inhibitors, 203
cytokine production, 101, 108 fetal effects of, 614 Tetralogy of Fallot, 298 recombinant cytokines, 121
cytotoxic, 102 griseofulvin, 200, 204 22q11 syndromes, 300 sulfa drug allergies, 252
delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity, leflunomide, 486 fetal alcohol syndrome, 300 TORCH infections, 182
101 lithium as, 574 outflow tract formation, 281 transfusion for, 429
differentiation and maturation, methimazole as, 354 Tetrodotoxin, 247 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 117
98, 102 propylthiouracil in pregnancy, 354 TGF-β Thrombocytosis
disorders of, 116, 117 ribavirin, 204 in wound healing, 216 postsplenectomy, 98
functions, 101 vitamin A, 66 neural development, 490 Thromboembolic event
leflunomide effects, 486 warfarin as, 436 regulatory T cells, 102 atrial fibrillation, 295
lymph nodes, 96 Teratoma Thalamus Thrombogenesis, 411
macrophage interaction, 102 immature, 647 development of, 490 Thrombolytic drugs, 413, 437
major functions of, 101 mature cystic, 647 limbic system and, 498 Thrombophlebitis
neoplasms, 430 testicular, 653 neuropathic pain, 515 pancreatic cancer, 398
polysaccharide antigens and, 127 Terazosin, 244 Thalassemia, 418 Thrombopoietin, 121
regulatory, 102 Terbinafine, 199 target cells in, 415 signaling pathways, 337
sirolimus effect, 120 Terbutaline, 242 Thalidomide Thrombosis
spleen, 98 Teres minor, 446 teratogenicity, 614 celecoxib, 486
thymus, 98 Teriparatide, 462, 487 Thayer-Martin agar, 126 contraceptive and hormone
untreated HIV, 176 Terminal bronchioles, 660 Theca-lutein cysts, 642, 646 replacement, 250
Tea-colored urine, 425 Terminal complement deficiencies Thecoma, 647 essential thrombocythemia, 433
“Teardrop” RBCs, 414, 433 (C5–C9), 107 Thenar muscles, 447, 448, 450 homocystinuria, 84







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 798 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 799




Thrombotic stroke, 512 Ticlopidine, 411, 437 Total peripheral resistance (TPR), Transitional cell carcinomas, 225
Thrush, 117 Tics (Tourette syndrome), 557 286 Transition metals and free radical
Candida albicans, 153 Tidal volume (TV), 664 Tourette syndrome, 557 injuries, 210
hairy leukoplakia vs, 479 Tigecycline, 192 drug therapy for, 572 Transjugular intrahepatic
HIV-positive adults, 177 Tight junctions, 474, 496 obsessive-compulsive disorder and, portosystemic shunt (TIPS),
nystatin, 199 Timolol, 245, 323, 552 563 365
“Thumbprint” sign (imaging) colonic Tinea, 152, 200 sympatholytic drugs for, 243 Transketolase
ischemia, 386 Tinea capitis, 152 Toxic dose, 234 metabolic pathways, 74
“Thumb sign” (X-ray) flu, 142 Tinea corporis, 152 Toxicities and side effects of drugs, vitamin B and, 66
1
Thymic aplasia, 116 Tinea cruris, 152 120, 248–253 Translocation
chromosome association, 64 Tinea pedis, 152 Toxic megacolon Down syndrome, 63
lymphopenia with, 424 Tinea unguium, 152 Clostridium difficile, 138 fluorescence in situ hybridization,
Thymic cortex Tinea versicolor, 152 Toxic multinodular goiter, 342 55
T cell selection in, 102 Tinel sign, 459 Toxic shock-like syndrome, 136 in protein synthesis, 45
Thymic hyperplasia Tinnitus Toxic shock syndrome, 133 Robertsonian, 64
myasthenia gravis association, 472 streptomycin, 197 exotoxin A, 133 Transmural inflammation fistulas,
Thymic shadow, 117 Tiotropium, 241, 687 presentation, 135 382
Thymidine, 194 Tirofiban, 411, 438 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 Transpeptidases, 187
Thymidine kinase, 201 Tissue factor activation, 133 toxin, 133 Transplants
Thymidylate, 36 Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Toxins immunosuppressants in, 120
Thymoma for ischemic stroke, 512 myocarditis with, 313 rejection, 101, 119
disease associations with, 98 Tizanidine, 243, 551 seafood (ingested), 247 t(8;14), 430, 434
myasthenia gravis and, 228, 472 TMP-SMX, 194 Toxins (bacterial) t(9;22) (Philadelphia), 434
paraneoplastic syndromes, 228 for Pneumocystis jirovecii, 154 anthrax, 137 t(14;18), 430, 434
Thymus prophylaxis, 198 endotoxins, 132 t(15;17), 434
benign neoplasm, 98 TNF-α, 108, 133, 208 enterotoxins, 135 Transposition (bacterial genetics),
fetal development, 326 TNF-α inhibitors, 487 erythrogenic, 136 131
pharyngeal pouch derivation, 621 TNF (tumor necrosis factor), 227 exfoliative, 133, 135 Transposition of great vessels, 298
T cell differentiation, 102 Tobramycin, 191 exotoxins, 132–133 embryologic development, 281
T cell origination in, 409 Tocolytics, 657 features of, 131 maternal diabetes and, 300
Thymus-dependent antigens, 105 Toddler development, 635 lysogenic phage encoding, 130 Transposon
Thymus-independent antigens, 105 Togaviruses toxin-mediated disease, 135 in bacterial genetics, 131
Thyroglossal duct cyst, 326 characteristics of, 167 Toxocara canis, 159 Transsexualism, 567
Thyroid adenomas, 342 genomes of, 163 Toxocara spp, 158 Transversalis fascia, 369
Thyroid cancer, 343 rubella as, 169 Toxoid, 111 Transverse sinus, 503
amyloidosis in, 212 Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 99 Toxoplasma gondii, 156 Transversion mutation, 39
carcinogens in, 225 Tolterodine, 241 HIV-positive adults, 177 Transversus abdominis, 369, 452
metastases to, 223 Tolvaptan, 354 TORCH infection, 182 Transvestism, 567
Psammoma bodies in, 227 Tongue Toxoplasma spp, 180 Tr antigens, 228
Thyroid cartilage, 620 development, 493 Toxoplasmosis Tranylcypromine, 575
Thyroid development, 326 as ectopic thyroid tissue, 326 primary central nervous system Trapezium bone, 449
pharyngeal pouch derivation, 621 glossoptosis, 620 lymphoma vs, 430 Trapezoid bone, 449
Thyroidectomy, 343 pharyngeal arch derivation, 620 prophylaxis, 194, 198 TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid
Thyroid hormones, 331 Tonic-clonic seizures, 517 pyrimethamine, 200 phosphatase), 227, 342
signaling pathways for, 337 drug therapy for, 544 TP53 gene, 224 Trastuzumab, 122, 444–443
in toxic multinodular goiter, 342 Tonic seizures, 517 Trabecula Trauma
Thyroiditis, 341 Tonsils spleen, 98 pneumothorax, 682
Thyroidization of kidney, 600 agammaglobulinemia, 116 Trachea psychiatric disorders due to, 564
Thyroid peroxidase, 331 immune system organ, 96 bifurcation of, 663 Traumatic aortic rupture, 303
Thyroid-regulating hormone (TRH) pharyngeal pouch derivation, 621 fetal development, 326 Traumatic pneumothorax, 682
signaling pathways for, 337 Tooth abnormalities respiratory tree, 662 Travelers’ diarrhea, 145
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) opalescent teeth, 51 Tracheal deviation, 680, 682 Trazodone, 576, 651
Graves disease and, 342 Tophus formation, 467 Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)/ Treacher Collins syndrome, 620
secretion of, 327 Topiramate anomalies, 359 “tree bark” appearance (aorta), 312
signaling pathways of, 337 epilepsy, 544 Traction apophysitis, 461 Trematodes, 160
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin migraine headaches, 518 Tractus solitarius, 506 Tremor, 519
(TSI), 331 pseudotumor cerebri, 521 Tramadol, 552 immunosuppressants, 120
Thyroid storm, 342 Topoisomerases, 195 seizures, 251 Trench fever, 161
Thyrotoxicosis, 331 Topotecan, 442 “Tram-track” appearance, 596 Trendelenburg sign, 453
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone TORCH infections, 169, 182 Transcortical aphasia, 516 Treponema, 146
(TRH), 328, 330 cataracts, 535 Transcription factor, 224 Gram stain, 125
Thyroxine, 339 neonatal manifestations, 182 Transduction (bacterial genetics), 130 Treponema pallidum
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Torsades de pointes, 294 Transference, 554 penicillin G/V for, 187
331 adenosine for, 324 Transferrin, 213 STI, 184
TIBC (total iron-binding capacity) Class IA antiarrhythmics, 322 free radical elimination by, 210 Triamterene, 609
anemia of chronic disease, 421 drug reaction and, 248 indirect measure of, 419 Triazolam, 546
lab values in anemia, 419 hypomagnesemia, 591 lab values in anemia, 419 Triceps reflex, 510
microcytic anemia, 418 ibutilide, 323 Transformation (bacterial genetics), Triceps surae, 453
Tibialis anterior, 453 sotalol, 323 130 Trichinella spiralis, 159, 161
Tibial nerve, 452–453 Torsemide, 608 Transformation zone (cervix) Trichinosis, 159
neurovascular pairing, 455 Torticollis, 519 dysplasia, 645 Trichomonas spp
Ticagrelor, 437 Torus (buckle) fracture, 462 histology of, 626 vaginitis, 181
Ticarcillin Total anomalous pulmonary venous Transfusion reaction, 114 Trichomonas vaginalis, 158, 181,
characteristics of, 188 return (TAPVR), 298 Transient arthritis 184
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 143 Total lung capacity (TLC), 664 in Lyme disease, 146 Trichomoniasis, 184
Ticks (disease vectors), 149–150 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 396 Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 512 Trichophyton spp, 152







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 799 11/21/19 12:27 PM

800 INDEX INDEX




Trichotillomania, 563 Truncal ataxia, 499 Type IV hypersensitivity reactions Unvaccinated children, 186
Trichuris, 158 Truncus arteriosus contact dermatitis, 477 Upper extremity nerves, 447
Tricuspid atresia, 281, 298 22q11 syndromes, 300 Typhoid fever, 144 Upper motor neuron lesion
Tricuspid regurgitation, 287 Trypanosoma brucei, 156, 200 Typhus, 150 facial nerve, 532
Ebstein anomaly and, 298 Trypanosoma cruzi, 158 transmission of, 149, 161 Urachal cysts, 618
heart murmurs with, 291 achalasia and, 376 Tyramine, 244 Urachus, 282, 618
Tricuspid valve endocarditis, 311 nifurtimox for, 200 Tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis Urea cycle, 82
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Trypsin, 373 procarbazine, 441 metabolic site, 72
antimuscarinic reaction, 251 Trypsinogen, 373 Tyrosinase, 476 ornithine transcarbamylase
mechanism and clinical use, 575 Tryptase, 408 Tyrosine deficiency and, 83
naming convention for, 253 Tryptophan, 81 in phenylketonuria, 84 rate-determining enzyme for, 73
torsades de pointes, 248 TSC1/TSC2 genes, 224 Tyrosine kinase Ureaplasma spp, 125, 127
toxicity of, 569 Tsetse flies (disease vectors), 156 endocrine hormone messenger, 337 Urease, 181
toxicity treatment, 248 TSST-1 superantigen, 135 insulin and, 334 Urease-positive organisms, 127
as weak bases, 233 t-tests, 264 as oncogene product, 224 Uremia
Trientine, 395 T-tubule membrane, 456 Tzanck test, 166 acute pericarditis, 313
Trifluoperazine, 573 Tuberculosis, 140 renal failure, 603
Trigeminal nerve (CN V), 506 Addison disease, 349 U Ureter, 625
lesion of, 532 corticosteroids and, 336 Ubiquitination, 45 bifid, 579
neuralgia, 518 erythema nodosum, 482 Ubiquitin-proteasome system, 48 constrictions in, 583
pharyngeal arch derivation, 620 isoniazid, 197 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase course of, 581
thalamic relay for, 498 necrosis and, 209 physiologic neonatal jaundice, 393 embryology, 578
tongue, 493 silicosis, 677 Ulcerative colitis, 382 gynecological exam damage to, 581
Triglycerides Tuberin protein, 224, 525 autoantibody, 115 obstruction of, 579, 599
hypertriglyceridemia, 94 Tuberoinfundibular pathway, 499 spondyloarthritis, 469 Ureteric bud, 579
insulin and, 334 Tuberous sclerosis sulfasalazine for, 400 Ureteropelvic junction
Von Gierke disease, 87 chromosome abnormalities, 525 Ulcers (gastrointestinal) development of, 578
Trihexyphenidyl, 241 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 bismuth/sucralfate for, 399 Urethra
acute dystonia treatment, 241 Tubular necrosis, 594, 602 complications of, 380 BPH, 654
Trimethoprim, 187, 194 Tubulointerstitial inflammation Crohn disease, 382 injury to, 627
folate deficiency with, 420 WBC casts in, 594 Curling, 379 posterior valves in, 579
mechanism and use, 194 Tubulointerstitial nephritis, 601 Cushing, 379 Urethritis
pyrimidine synthesis and, 36 Tularemia, 149 esophageal, 377 chlamydia, 148, 184
teratogenicity, 614 Tumor grade vs stage, 220 Helicobacter pylori, 146 Chlamydia trachomatis, 149
Trimming (protein synthesis), 45 Tumor lysis syndrome, 434–435 palatal/tongue, 151 gonorrhea, 184
Trinucleotide repeat expansion Tumor markers (serum), 226 peptic, 379 reactive arthritis, 469
diseases, 62 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 352 Urge incontinence, 599
Friedreich ataxia, 62 432 Ulcers (skin) drug therapy for, 241
Huntington disease, 62 colorectal cancer, 388 Raynaud syndrome, 472 Uric acid
myotonic dystrophy, 62 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 398 Ulipristal, 657 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 37
Triose kinase, 80 Tumors Ulnar claw, 447, 451 Von Gierke disease, 87
Triple-blinded studies, 256 benign vs malignant, 220 Ulnar nerve, 447, 459 Uric acid (kidney stones), 598
Triptans, 547 grade vs stage, 220 Ulnar nerve injury, 449 Urinalysis
angina and, 304 immunohistochemical stains for, Ultrasonography in renal disease, 601
for migraine headaches, 518 227 fetal cardiac activity on, 612 reducing sugar, 80
Triquetrum bone, 449 nomenclature of, 220 kidney disease/disorder diagnoses, Urinary incontinence
Trismus (lockjaw) Tumor suppressor genes, 46, 224 579 drug therapy for, 241
tetanospasmin, 138 Tunica albuginea, 651 renal cysts on, 604 ephedrine for, 242
Trisomies, autosomal, 63 Tunica vaginalis, 624 Umbilical artery, 282, 618 hydrocephalus, 522
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), 63, 64 Turcot syndrome, 387 Umbilical cord, 618 mechanisms and associations of,
disease associations with, 491 Turner syndrome, 638 Umbilical hernia 599
hCG in, 633 cardiac defect association, 300 congenital, 358 urgency incontinence, 237
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), coarctation of aorta and, 299 Umbilical vein, 618 Urinary retention, 237
63, 64 T wave (ECG), 293 blood in, 282 atropine, 241
disease associations with, 535 21-hydroxylase, 335 postnatal derivative of, 282 bethanechol for, 240
hCG in, 633 22q11 deletion syndromes, 116, 300 Umbilicus delirium, 558
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), 62, Twin concordance studies, 256 portosystemic anastomosis, 365 neostigmine for, 240
63, 64 Twinning, 616 UMP synthase, 420 post-void residual, 599
disease associations with, 226, 299– Thromboxane A (TXA), 411, 486 Unambiguous genetic code, 37 treatment of, 237
2
300, 384, 395, 432, 535 aspirin effects, 486 Uncal herniation, 529 Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 181
tRNA thrombogenesis, 411 Uncinate process, 360 antimicrobial prophylaxis for, 198
structure, 44 Tympanic membrane, 533 Unconjugated bilirubin, 375 BPH, 654
Trochlea, 540 Type I errors (hypothesis testing), 263 Unconjugated (indirect) cystitis, 600
Trochlear nerve (CN IV), 506 Type I hypersensitivity, 105, 112, 408 hyperbilirubinemia, 393 duplex collecting system and, 579
ocular motility, 540 Type II errors in hypothesis testing, Uncoupling agents, 78 enterococci, 137
palsy of, 541 263 Undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, epididymitis and orchitis with, 654
Tropheryma whipplei, 125, 381 Type II hypersensitivity, 112 343 Klebsiella, 145
Tropical sprue, 381 organ transplants, 119 Undulant fever, 149 pyelonephritis, 600
Tropicamide, 241 Type II hypersensitivity reactions “Unhappy triad” (knee injuries), 460 Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 136
Troponins, 304, 306, 456 rheumatic fever, 312 Unilateral renal agenesis, 579 sulfa drugs for, 252
Trousseau sign, 344, 591 Type III hypersensitivity reactions, Uniparental disomy, 57 sulfonamides for, 194
Trousseau syndrome 113 Universal electron acceptors, 75 TMP-SMX for, 194
pancreatic cancer, 398 organ transplants, 119 Universal genetic code, 37 Urinary tract obstruction, 599
paraneoplastic syndrome, 228 Type IV hypersensitivity Unnecessary procedure requests, Urine
True-negative rate, 257 DRESS syndrome, 250 268–269 Bence Jones proteinuria, 431
True-positive rate, 257 graft-versus-host disease, 119 Unstable angina, 304 casts in, 594







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 800 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 801




diuretic effects on, 609 Vagal nuclei, 506 Vasculitides, 314–315 Ventricular fibrillation
leaks with urethral injury, 627 Vagina Vasculitis ECG tracing, 295
osmolality in acute injury, 601 anatomy of, 626 focal necrotizing, 315 torsades de pointes, 294
pregnancy test, 633 drainage of, 624 immunoglobulin A, 315 Ventricular filling
renal tubular acidosis, 593 epithelial histology of, 626 intraparenchymal hemorrhage, early diastole, 287
Urine acidification, 233 genital embryology, 622 513 ECG and, 293
Urine alkalization, 233 Vaginal bleeding large-vessel, 314 Ventricular free wall rupture, 307
Urine pH and drug elimination, 233 cervical cancer, 645 leukoclastic, 173 Ventricular myocytes, 296
Urobilinogen Vaginal candidiasis medium-vessel, 314 Ventricular noncompliance, 287
extravascular hemolysis, 421 nystatin, 199 methotrexate for, 440 Ventricular septal defect (VSD),
intravascular hemolysis, 421 Vaginal infections, 181 small-vessel, 314 299
Urogenital fold, 624 Vaginal tumors, 644 Vasculopathy congenital rubella, 300
Urosepsis, 600 Vaginismus, 567 noninflammatory, 473 cri-du-chat syndrome, 64
Urothelial carcinoma (bladder), 606 Vaginitis Vas deferens, 626 Down syndrome, 300
Urticaria, 475, 477 Trichomonas spp, 158, 181 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide fetal alcohol syndrome, 300
ethosuximide, 544 trichomoniasis, 184 (VIP), 371 heart murmurs, 291
scombroid poisoning, 247 Vagus nerve (CN X), 506 Vasoconstriction, 589 outflow tract formation, 281
serum sickness, 113 baroreceptors/chemoreceptors Vasoconstrictors, 550 Ventricular system, 504
sulfa drug allergies, 252 and, 296 Vasodilation Ventriculomegaly, 520, 522
as type I hypersensitivity, 112 cardiac glycoside effects, 321 sympathetic receptors, 238 Ventromedial nucleus
USMLE Step 1 exam Curling ulcers and, 379 Vasodilators (hypothalamus), 498
check-in process, 7 diaphragm innervation, 663 afterload effects, 284 Verapamil, 308, 318, 319, 321, 518
clinical vignette strategies, 23 gastrointestinal regulation aortic dissections, 303 Verrucae, 477
content areas covered in, 3 substances and, 371 atrial natriuretic peptide as, 296 Vertebral compression fractures,
goal-setting for, 12 lesions of, 532 coronary steal syndrome, 304 462
leaving exam early, 8 pharyngeal arch derivation, nitrates as, 318 Vertebral landmarks
overview of, 2 620 Vasogenic edema, 496 diaphragm, 663
passing rates for, 10 structures innervated, 373 Vasopressin, 329 Vertigo, 534
practice exams for, 11, 21–22 tongue, 493 receptors, 238 posterior circulation stroke, 514
registering for, 5–6 Valacyclovir, 201 Vasopressors, 286 streptomycin, 197
rescheduling, 6 Validity, 259 V(D)J recombination, 99 Vesicles (skin), 475
score notifications for, 7 Valine VDRL false positives, 148 varicella zoster virus, 479
scoring of, 8–9 classification of, 81 Vector-borne illnesses, 150 Vesicourachal diverticulum, 618
testing agencies, 24 maple syrup urine disease, 84 Veganism and B deficiency, 420 Vesicoureteral reflux, 579
12
testing locations, 6 Valproic acid Vegetative state hydronephrosis, 599
test-taking strategies, 22–23 cytochrome P-450, 252 axonal injury and, 515 pyelonephritis, 600
time budgeting during, 7–8 epilepsy, 544 VEGF (vascular endothelial growth Vesicular monoamine transporter
types of questions on, 8 hepatic necrosis, 249 factor), 216 (VMAT), 549
Ustekinumab, 122 migraine headaches, 518 Velocardiofacial syndrome, 116 Vesicular tinea pedis, 152
Uterine conditions pancreatitis, 249 Vemurafenib, 444, 484 Vesicular trafficking proteins, 47
non-neoplastic, 648 Valsartan, 610 Venlafaxine, 575 Vestibular schwannomas, 527
Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies, Valvular disease clinical use, 572 Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII),
622–623 pressure-volume loops, 288 panic disorder, 563 506
Uterine neoplasms, 648 Valvular dysfunction, 310 phobias, 563 VHL gene, 224
Uterovaginal agenesis, 639 Vancomycin, 190 PTSD, 564 Vibrio cholerae, 146
Uterus Clostridium difficile, 138 Venodilators, 284 exotoxin production, 132
anomalies of, 623 cutaneous flushing, 248 Venous gonadal drainage, 624 watery diarrhea, 179
collagen in, 50 meningitis, 180 Venous return, 286 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 178
epithelial histology, 626 MRSA, 198 Venous sinus thrombosis, 503 Vibrio vulnificus, 178
genital embryology, 622 toxicity of, 251 Venous thrombosis Vigabatrin, 544
zygote implantation, 633 Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) heparin for, 436 Vilazodone, 576
Uveitis, 536 in neuroblastomas, 350 paroxysmal nocturnal Vimentin, 48, 227
inflammatory bowel disease, 382 Vanishing bile duct syndrome, hemoglobinuria, 422 Vinblastine, 441
in sarcoidosis, 676 119 Ventilation, 664 microtubules and, 48
seronegative spondyloarthritis, 469 Varenicline, 576 high altitude, 670 Vinca alkaloids, 438
U wave in ECG, 293 Variable expressivity, 56 perfusion and, 669 Vincristine, 441
Variance, 262 Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defects, microtubules and, 48
V Variant angina, 304 664 toxicities of, 444
Vaccines Variceal bleeding, 245 Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio Vinyl chloride
B-cell disorders, 116 Varicella zoster virus (VZV), 165, exercise response, 670 angiosarcomas, 392, 478
Bordetella pertussis, 143 475, 479 mismatch, 669 as carcinogen, 225
capsular polysaccharide and guanosine analogs, 201 Ventral lateral (VL) nucleus, 498 VIPomas
protein conjugates in, 127 immunodeficient patients, 118 Ventral pancreatic bud, 360 MEN 1 syndrome, 351
diphtheria, 139 meningitis, 180 Ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus, octreotide for, 400
encapsulated bacteria, 127 rash, 183 498 regulatory substances, 371
Haemophilus influenzae, 142, 180 vaccine, 110 Ventral posteromedial (VPM) Viral envelopes, 163
Poliovirus, 167 Varices nucleus, 498 Virchow nodes, 379
PPSV23, 105 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 392 Ventral tegmentum, 495 Viridans streptococci, 136
rabies, 171 Varicocelectomy, 651 Ventricles α-hemolysis, 135
rotavirus, 168 Varicocele (scrotal), 628, 651 contractility of, 285 bacterial endocarditis, 311
Salmonella typhi, 144 Vasa previa, 641 embryology, 281 biofilm production, 128
splenectomy and, 98 Vasa vasorum morphogenesis of, 281 brain abscesses, 180
thymus-independent antigens, syphilis, 147 Ventricular action potential, 292 gram-positive algorithm, 134
105 Vascular dementia, 521 Ventricular aneurysm normal flora, 178
toxoids as, 131 Vascular function curves, 286 pseudoaneurysm, 307 Virilization, 335
types of, 111 Vascular tumors of skin, 478 true, 305, 307 Virology, 162–177







FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 801 11/21/19 12:27 PM

802 INDEX INDEX




Virulence factors solubility, 65 trichinosis, 159 chronic mesenteric ischemia, 386
bacterial, 129 spinal cord lesions, 530 vitamin C toxicity, 69 diabetes mellitus, 346
Bordetella pertussis, 143 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Von Gierke disease, 87 esophageal cancer, 378
Escherichia coli, 145 free radical elimination by, 210 von Hippel-Lindau disease, 525 gastric ulcers, 380
Salmonella/Shigella, 144 functions, 69 chromosome association, 64 glucagonoma, 351
Staphylococcus aureus, 135 methemoglobin treatment, 248 renal cell carcinoma and, 605 Histoplasma capsulatum, 177
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 136 solubility of, 65 tumor suppressor genes and, 224 malabsorption syndromes, 381
β-hemolytic bacteria, 135 Vitamin D von Willebrand disease, 411, 428 Mycobacterium avium-
Viruses excess, 70 Voriconazole, 199 intracellulare, 177
diarrhea with, 179 functions, 70 Vortioxetine, 576 orlistat for, 400
fluorescent antibody stain, 125 hyperparathyroidism, 464 VRE (vancomycin-resistant pancreatic cancer, 398
genetics, 162 hypervitaminosis lab values, enterococci) polyarteritis nodosa, 314
immunocompromised patients, 179 464 daptomycin, 195 polymyalgia rheumatica, 470
in immunodeficiency, 118 osteomalacia/rickets, 463, 464 enterococci, 137 pseudotumor cerebri treatment,
as cause of myocarditis, 313 osteoporosis prophylaxis, 462 highly resistant, 198 521
negative-stranded, 168 signaling pathways for, 337 oxazolidinones, 193 renal cell carcinoma, 605
pneumonia, 179 solubility of, 65 Vulnerable child syndrome, 556 sleep apnea, 679
receptors for, 166 vitamin D (calciferol) Vulvar carcinoma, 644 stomach cancer, 379
segmented, 168 calcitriol production, 589 Vulvar lymphatic drainage, 624 for stress incontinence, 599
skin, 479 Vitamin E Vulvar pathology, 644 tuberculosis, 140
structure of, 162 free radical elimination by, 210 neoplastic, 644 Weil disease, 147
Visceral leishmaniasis, 158 function, 70 non-neoplastic, 644 Well-patient care, 270–271
Viscosity (blood), 286 solubility of, 65 Vulvovaginitis, 153, 181 Wenckebach AV block, 295
Visual cortex, 501, 515 Vitamin K vWF (von Willebrand factor) Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, 530
Visual disturbance cephalosporins, 189 receptor for, 407 Wernicke aphasia, 514, 516
drug-related, 251 coagulation cascade, 413 in thrombocytes, 407 Wernicke area, 501
Visual field defects, 542 deficiency, 413, 426 in thrombogenesis, 411 stroke effects, 514
saccular aneurysms and, 516 solubility of, 65 V max , 230 Wernicke encephalopathy, 66, 571
with stroke, 514, 515 vitamin E interaction, 71 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 511,
Visual hallucinations, 559 for warfarin toxicity, 436 W 571
Vital capacity (VC), 664 Vitamin/mineral absorption, 374 WAGR complex/syndrome, 606 vitamin B deficiency, 66
1
Vitamin A (retinol), 66 Vitamins “Waiter’s tip” (Erb palsy), 448 Western blot, 53
free radical elimination by, 210 fat-soluble, 65 Waiving right to confidentiality, 267 West Nile virus, 167, 180
idiopathic intracranial water-soluble, 65 Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, Wet beriberi, 66
hypertension, 251, 521 Vitelline duct/fistula, 618 431 Wharton duct, 376
measles morbidity and mortality, 170 Vitiligo, 476 Walking milestone, 635 Wharton jelly, 618
teratogenicity, 614 Vitreous body Wallenberg syndrome, 514 Wheal
Vitamin B (thiamine), 66 collagen in, 50 Wallerian degeneration, 495 urticaria, 477
1
brain lesions and, 511 VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), Wall tension, 284, 285 Wheals, 475
deficiency of, 66 94 Warburg effect, 221 Wheezing
functions of, 74 Volume contraction Warfarin, 436 lung cancer, 684
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, alkalemia from diuretics, 609 adverse effects of, 428 Whipple disease, 381
76 Volume of distribution, 231 coagulation cascade, 413 periodic acid-Schiff stain for, 125
solubility of, 65 Volumetric flow rate (Q), 286 griseofulvin and, 200 Whipple procedure
Vitamin B (riboflavin), 67 Volvulus, 385, 386 heparin vs, 436, 437 for pancreatic cancer, 398
2
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Meckel diverticulum, 384 PT measurement, 426 Whipple triad
76 midgut, 386 teratogenicity, 614 insulinomas and, 351
solubility, 65 Onchocerca, 158 therapeutic index of, 234 Whispered pectoriloquy, 680
Vitamin B (niacin), 67 sigmoid, 386 toxicity treatment, 248, 429 White matter
3
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Vomiting vitamin K antagonist, 71 axonal injury, 515
76 annular pancreas, 360 Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells, 170 demyelinating disorders, 524
solubility, 65 biliary colic, 396 Warthin tumors, 376 glial cells in, 494
vitamin B and, 67 bilious, 359, 384 Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, multiple sclerosis, 523
6
Vitamin B (pantothenic acid), 67 diabetic ketoacidosis, 347 349 White pulp (spleen), 98
5
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Ebola virus, 171 meningococci, 142 Whooping cough
and, 76 fructose intolerance, 80 Watershed zones, 210, 502 Bordetella pertussis, 143
solubility of, 65 glycylcyclines, 192 Water-soluble vitamins, 65 pertussis toxin, 132
Vitamin B (pyridoxine), 67 Histoplasma capsulatum, 177 Waxy casts (urine), 594 Wickham striae, 482
6
deficiency, 67 intestinal atresia, 359 WBC casts (urine), 594, 600 Wide splitting, 289
isoniazid, 197 Legionella spp, 185 Weak acid overdose Williams syndrome, 64
sideroblastic anemia, 419 lithium toxicity, 569 treatment, 233 cardiac defect association, 300
Vitamin B (biotin), 68 Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 377 Weak bases overdose treatment, 233 Wilms tumor, 606
7
activated carriers, 75 maple syrup urine disease, 84 “Wear and tear” pigment, 211 dactinomycin for, 439
functions of, 73 metoclopramide for, 400 Wegener granulomatosis, 315 neuroblastomas vs, 350
pyruvate metabolism, 77, 78 MI and, 305 autoantibody, 115 tumor suppressor genes and, 224
solubility of, 65 ondansetron for, 400 restrictive lung disease, 675 Wilson disease, 395
Vitamin B (folate), 68 posttussive, 143 Weight gain ATP7B protein in, 51
9
deficiency, 406, 420 pyloric stenosis, 359 danazol, 658 autosomal recessive inheritance, 60
functions, 68 receptors for, 496 duodenal ulcer, 380 chromosome association, 64
solubility, 65 Salmonella spp, 149 mirtazapine, 576 Fanconi syndrome, 586
Vitamin B (cobalamin), 69 in stroke, 514 Weight loss free radical injury and, 210
12
absorption of, 374 toxic shock syndrome, 135 adrenal insufficiency, 349 Winged scapula, 448
deficiency, 160, 161 treatment of, 400, 401 cholelithiasis and, 396 Winters formula, 592





FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 802 11/21/19 12:27 PM

INDEX INDEX 803




“Wire looping” of capillaries, 596 X Crew cut (skull x-ray), 422 Zanamivir, 201
“Wire lupus,” 596 Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, 467 kidney stones, 598 Zellweger syndrome, 47
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 117 Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, pencil-in-cup, 469 Zenker diverticulum, 384
X-linked recessive disorder, 61 600 punched out bone lesions, 431 Zero-order elimination, 232
Withdrawal (psychoactive drugs), 570 Xanthomas Steeple sign (x-ray), 170 Zidovudine, 203
Wobble, 37 familial dyslipidemias, 94 String sign, 382 Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 125
Wolff-Chaikoff effect, 341 hyperlipidemia and, 301 Sunburst pattern, 465 Zika virus, 171
Wolffian duct, 622 Thumbprint sign (imaging), 386 Zileuton, 687
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Xeroderma pigmentosum Thumb sign, 142 Zinc, 71
294 DNA repair defects in, 40 X-ray teratogenicity, 614 Wilson disease, 395
Woolsorter’s disease, 137 Xerosis cutis, 66 Ziprasidone, 573
“word salad,” 559 Xerostomia, 240, 243, 468 Y Zoledronic acid, 486
Wound healing X-inactivation (lyonization) Yellow fever, 167, 168 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 352
keratinocytes, 216 Barr body formation, 61 liver anatomy and, 367 duodenal ulcer, 380
phases of, 216 X-linked agammaglobulinemia, 116
scar/keloid formation, 218 X-linked dominant inheritance, 59 Yersinia enterocolitica, 179 gastrin in, 371
Woven bone, 458 X-linked recessive disorders, 61 transmission and treatment, 144 MEN 1 syndrome, 351
Wright-Giemsa stain, 407 agammaglobulinemia, 116 Yersinia pestis proton pump inhibitors for, 399
Wright stain hyper-IgM syndrome, 117 animal transmission, 149 Zolpidem, 546
Borrelia spp, 146 Menkes disease, 51 facultative intracellular organisms, Zona fasciculata, 327, 336
Wrinkles of aging, 52 NADPH oxidase defect, 117 127 Zona glomerulosa, 327
Wrist Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 117 Yo antigens, 228 Zona reticularis, 327
injuries of, 459 X-linked recessive inheritance, 59 Yolk sac tumor Zoonotic bacteria, 149
bones, 449 X-ray/imaging findings ovarian, 647 Zymogens, 373
Wrist drop, 447 Apple core lesion, 388 testicular, 653
lead poisoning, 419 bamboo spine, 469 Yersinia spp
Written advance directives, 266 Bird’s beak sign, 376 reactive arthritis, 469
WT1/WT2 genes Bone-in-bone, 463
in renal disease, 224, 606 Codman triangle, 465 Z
oncogenicity of, 224 Coffee bean sign, 386 Zafirlukast, 687
Wuchereria bancrofti, 158, 159 Coin lesion, 684 Zaleplon, 546

























































FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 803 11/21/19 12:27 PM

` `NOTES



























































































FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 804 11/21/19 12:27 PM

` `NOTES



























































































FAS1_2019_21_Index_749-806.indd 805 11/21/19 12:27 PM

` `NOTES



























































































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