CONTENTS
FOREWORDS 1
2
Professor Dato' Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan
Vice-Chancellor,
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Professor Dr. Salasiah Che Lah
Dean,
School of Languages, Literacies and Translation
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE 4-6
DAY 1 7-8
DAY 2 9
POST-CONFERENCE GENDER SENSITISATION WORKSHOP
ABSTRACTS 11
KEYNOTE 12
PLENARY 13
POSTGRADUATE WORKSHOP 14 – 30
PARALLEL 31
POSTER PRESENTATION
32 - 34
PRESENTER LIST
CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
APCLG.2022|1
FOREWORD
VICE-CHANCELLOR
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Alhamdulillah.
Firstly, on behalf of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), I would like to extend
a warm and hearty welcome to all our distinguished guests and participants
of the 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Language and Gender 2022,
organised by the School of Languages, Literacies and Translation.
This is an inaugural edition of this conference, one which brings together
language and gender, an endeavour which I believe is yet to be accomplished
by other educational institutions in this country. This is a testament to the university’s commitment
to highlight innovative ways of advancing theory and practice, in view of pursuing global
sustainability goals.
With the theme ‘Towards Sustainable, Equal, and Equitable Communities,’ we appreciate and
acknowledge the indispensable role language plays in our life, and its significant contribution
towards a vibrant and just world. The United Nations has stressed that the world we are striving to
establish for the present and the future must be one that is ‘linguistically and culturally sustainable’;
but beyond the drafting of language policies to preserve our mother tongues and promote the growth
of community and multilingualism, we must also be critical of the ways language has been used to
divide, censor, and oppress.
Through this platform, the USM School of Languages, Literacies, and Translation strives to
highlight how language is interwoven into our lived experiences of the many domains of life,
whether it is private, public, or professional. Doing so through a dedicated gendered lens further
adds nuance and depth that has arguably been overlooked in much of language, linguistics, and
literature research in Malaysian academia. This year, the School celebrates its 50th anniversary as
one of the trailblazers of language studies in the country; and what an opportune time to honour
that legacy via this conference.
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the organisers for a job well done. And
to the presenters and participants, do not let this virtual platform discourage you from making new
connections with fellow like-minded individuals. I believe this conference will yield many valuable
insights that will help to further infuse depth into your research and practice on language, which in
turn will benefit your communities and society at large. Thank you.
Professor Dato' Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan
APCLG.2022|2
FOREWORD
DEAN
SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, LITERACIES AND TRANSLATION,
UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Alhamdulillah.
Welcome to the 1st Asia Pacific Conference on Language and Gender
2022 (APCLG 2022), organised by the School of Languages, Literacies
and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
In 2020 and for a better part of 2021, COVID-19 has derailed the lives of many.
Our communities were tunnelled, and we became self-isolated. Now, more
than two years later, we are gradually getting back on our feet and finding
new ways to re-establish ties with our communities. And what better way to do so then through this
APCLG 2022 conference; the cherry atop an already eventful year for the School and a highlight of its
50-year history as a pioneering centre for language research and teaching.
Themed ‘towards sustainable, equal & equitable communities’, our School aspires to have this
language and gender conference serve as a platform to build and forge networks among students and
scholars in Malaysia and beyond, besides arousing interest in this so-called ‘less-frequently discussed’
area of studies, especially in the Malaysian context. Also, it is hoped that this conference will initiate
greater discussions on issues pertaining to language, gender, sustainability, and equality; hence,
promoting equitable communities.
The theme reminded me of this beautiful speech delivered by Kofi Annan during the 2018 UNDP
meeting - “Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge
of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.” It is indeed
true that the concept of gender equality is not a mere goal of achieving equal right for both genders.
The notion, if viewed in a wider scope, is fundamental to helping create a better-balanced future for our
communities, and generations at large.
We live in a global village, connected via interlinked webs of similarities and differences. It is quite
impossible to have inequity wiped off from the chart overnight. Whilst the challenges are seemingly
insurmountable, we must always remind ourselves that a change is a process, and every little step we
take towards securing an equitable future is inspiring and comforting as well. As the saying goes, “True
knowledge is knowing the extension of your ignorance.” I hope this two-day intellectual exchange has
proven to be invaluable to all of you. I would also like to extend my appreciation to the APCLG 2022
committee for their hard work and time expanded in organising this conference. Thank you.
Professor Dr. Salasiah Che Lah
APCLG.2022|3
PROGRAMME
SCHEDULE
Day 1
Day 2
APCLG.2022|4
DAY 1
Day: Thursday
Date: 11 August 2022
TIME ITINERARY
08:15 AM -
09:00 AM Admission
08:45 AM - Join from the meeting link
09:15 AM https://usm-cmr.webex.com/usm-cmr/j.php?MTID=m0cb91e72095e9616eb150c4281780eea
09:00 AM - Join by meeting number
10:15 AM Meeting number (access code): 2517 929 7206
Meeting password: APCLG_2022
Opening Remarks
Keynote Speaker I
Sociolinguistics of Manhood: Shifting Ideologies of Traditional Masculinity in Asia |
Mie Hiramoto, National University of Singapore
10:15 AM - BREAK
10:30 AM
10:30 AM - Breakout Breakout Parallel Session 1 Breakout Breakout
12:30 PM Room 1 Room 2 Room 4 Room 5
Breakout
Room 3
Paper 1 Paper 4 Paper 8 Paper 12 Paper 16
Women in Foreign Language Lesbian Gender Pitch Perfect: The
Anxiety and Gender Differences in the Drive for Gender
Tragicomedy: The Differences among Language Chinese EFL Neutrality | Siti Sara
International ELT Learners’ Binti Zainal Abidin
Influence of Film Postgraduate Studies: Preferences of
Students | Hameed Mobile Resources
Language on the Gannoun, Farhana Language for Life-long
Diana Deris, Naciye Learning | Liu Li
Transformation of Kunt Discrimination
Tragic and Comic and Profanity
Plots in the Stage to on Woman in
Screen Adaptation Malaysia |
of 'Hi, Mom'. | Jainisha A/P
Zhang Xuan, Andika Sadacharam
Aziz Hussin
APCLG.2022|5
Paper 2 Paper 5 Paper 9 Paper 13 Paper 17
“Is it bad that I pray Feminist A Multimodal Manipulation of Self and Other
but at the same time Representations of
do gymnastics?”: Translation Representation of Natural Gender Female
Exploring the Sympathisers of ISIS
Discursive Strategies in Men in GQ China and Grammatical | Ungku Khairunnisa
Intersectionality Children’s Bt Ungku Mohd
Between Gender, Magazines after Gender in Nordin
Religious, and
Athlete Identities Literature: A Case the Chinese Translation: A
among Malaysian
Muslim Women Study of Helen Banning of Case Study of “I
Gymnasts | Farhana Wang’s Translation
Abdul Fatah Effeminate am Malala” and
Brozen and Masculinity | “Things Fall
Sunflower | Han Xuanying Kuang. Apart” | Mohamed
Shangying, Debbita Huey Fen Cheong Abdou Moindjie,
Tan Ai Lin Ummu Salmah
Rahamatullah
Paper 3 Paper 6 Paper 10 Paper 14 Paper 18
Analysis of English Gender Issues in “Mecing The one who Gender in Literary
bulan”: sacrificed herself Translation: A Case
Renditions of Translation | Huda Menstruation to save her Study of English and
and Its people”: French Translations
Quranic Verses: A Saad, Mozhgan Representation Discourses of of Frog | Yajing
among the Femininity in the Yang
Case Study of Ghassemiazghandi, Indigenous Ethno-gendered
Women’s Rights | Lundayeh in Construction of
Salasiah Che Lah Malaysian North Huminodun
Borneo Sabah | among the
Fatma Ahmed Kavitha Ganesan Kadazan Dusun
Peoples of Sabah |
Abdallah Ba Sabrina Melissa
Aripen, Farhana
Sharahil, Debbita Abdul Fatah,
Ireena Ibnu,
Tan Ai Lin Elizabeth Joanny
Paper 7 Paper 11 Paper 15 Paper 19
The Corporeal and Influence of ESL and Gender Difference
Home Factors Facebook: In Digital Literacy
Monstrosity of on Preschoolers’ Gender and Its Impact on
Attitudes Differences Learning Among
Supernatural Towards among University Future Translators |
Learning Students | Yan Da
Entities: Towards a English as a Shaidatul Akma
Foreign Adi Kasuma
Socio-Functional Language in
China | Li
Illustration of Qingyun
Pontianak in Tunku
Halim's Horror
Stories |
Marlina Jamal
12:30 PM - LUNCH BREAK
01:30 PM
01:30 PM - APCLG.2022|6
0315 PM
Plenary Session
“A financially independent woman is a gift to any nation” : Exploring the Sociolinguistics of
Family and Work in Leadership Stories Around the World | Stephanie Schnurr, University of
Warwick
Rehabilitating the Language of Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Malaysia’s Women’s
Empowerment Discourse | Melissa Yoong, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
Feminism and Gender Equality Discourse in Malaysia: Are They Inclusive of Disabled Women and
Other Marginalised Subgroups? | Alfa Nur Aini, National Council for the Blind Malaysia
Inspiring and empowering the next generation of women in STEM | Richard Ker, Aerodyne Group
03:15 PM - BREAK
03:30 PM
Parallel Session 1 cont.
03:30 PM - Breakout Breakout
04:30 PM Room 1 Room 2
Paper 20 Paper 22
Self-perceived Status and Job Satisfaction of On the Translator’s Subjectivity in Eileen Chang’s Translation
Translation Profession in the COVID-19 of The Old Man and the Sea | Xian Zhong, Mohamed Abdou
epidemic: A Gendered Perspective. | Zhang Moindjie, Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma
Jing
Paper 21 Paper 23
The Visual language of Discounts in Identity Construction and Negotiation of young hijab-wearing
Products’ Ads for Arabs: A Multimodal Malay - Muslim Malaysian K-pop fans | Nursyaheedah Binti
Muhammad Isa
Discourse Analysis | Ali Badeen Mohammed
Al-Rikaby
04:30 PM - Day 1 Closing Remarks
05:00 PM Day 2 Briefing
APCLG.2022|7
DAY 2
Day: Friday
Date: 12 August 2022
TIME ITINERARY
08:45 AM - Admission
09:00 AM
Join from the meeting link
https://usm-cmr.webex.com/usm-cmr/j.php?MTID=m0cb91e72095e9616eb150c4281780eea
Join by meeting number
Meeting number (access code): 2517 929 7206
Meeting password: APCLG_2022
09:00 AM - Keynote Speaker II
10:15 AM Gender equality, women’s empowerment and sustainable development goals: SDG 5 and
beyond | Noraida Endut, Universiti Sains Malaysia
10:15 AM - BREAK
10:30 AM Parallel Session 2
10:30AM - Breakout Breakout Breakout Breakout
12:00 PM Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 4
Paper 24 Paper 26 Paper 29 Paper 32
Translation and An Analysis of Media Rewriting of Self: Gender Deciphering Text of
Representation of Arab Kitᾱb Al-Libᾱs, Ṣaḥīḥ
Gender: translation Female Athletes: The Case and Language in Arundhati
of Al-Jazeera (beIN
evaluation of gender- SPORTS) | Israa Hasan Roy's 'The Ministry Of Al- Bukhᾱriy in
Ajeel, Debbita Tan Ai Lin
specific texts using Utmost Happiness' and Answering
EEG signals | Karam Chitra Banerjee Misconception on
Damesh, Ilangko Divakaruni's 'Before We Forbidden Colours for
Subramaniam, Mozhgan Visit The Goddess' | Nur Ain Men | Thuraya Ahmad
Ghassemiazghandi Nasuha Anuar
Paper 25 Paper 27 Paper 30 Paper 33
Subtitling of Queer Dismantling Gendered Analysis of English Narrowing the Gender
Gender Translation in Views Using Lakoff’s Lexical Stress Produced Gap in Literature Circle
English Films | Tingting Women’s Language on by Male and Female to Promote EFL Senior
Su, Mohamed Abdou Malaysia’s Malay Video Yemeni EFL Learners | High School Students’
Moindjie Samah Yaslam Saleh Reading Engagement |
Game Streamer | Ameera Baagbah, Paramaswari Liu Lifang, Malini
Jaganathan Ganapathy
Syafillah
APCLG.2022|8
Paper 28 Paper 31
“It's macho for men, it's not Gender Differences &
pretty for girls”: gender Enlightening on Teaching
in Kindergarten Language
based skin colour discourse Learning | Zhang Qing
on social media | Zulfati
Izazi Zulkifli
12:00 PM – Poster Presentation
12:30 PM
Gender Differences In Writing, Why Bother?: A Case Study on Errors Made by Rural Primary School Pupils |
Halipah Harun, Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan Abdullah
12:30 PM - LUNCH BREAK & FRIDAY PRAYERS
02:30 PM
02:30 PM - Postgraduate Workshop
04:00 PM (Please choose ONE to attend)
Workshop 1 Workshop 2
Join from the meeting link Join from the meeting link
https://usm-cmr.webex.com/usm- https://usm-cmr.webex.com/usm-
cmr/j.php?MTID=m4c9322e94d0f0497f9bdd89ae936b cmr/j.php?MTID=m95b9986b24bb78b68cded536d273
d49 5720
Join by meeting number Join by meeting number
Meeting number (access code): 2511 543 4283 Meeting number (access code): 2511 138 3063
Meeting password: zmRg2WQUe33 Meeting password: mMEkgmPT433
Conducting Research on Language and Gender Translating Gender - Issues and Challenges in
: Introduction to Theory and Methodology Machine Translation
Trainers: Farhana Abdul Fatah and Leila Mohajer Trainers: Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi and Ummu
Salmah Rahamatullah
4:00 PM - Conference Summation
04:30 PM
04:30 PM - Closing Remarks
05:00 PM Award-Giving Ceremony
APCLG.2022|9
POST-CONFERENCE
GENDER SENSITISATION WORKSHOP
*This post-conference workshop is optional.
Click on the link to register https://forms.gle/jhv65QxfumrJdbGg6 and make payment by August
12, Friday at 5pm. Workshop link will be emailed to participants once you are registered for the
workshop.
Day: Saturday
Date: 13th August 2022
Trainer:
Sabrina Melissa Aripen
President and Co-Founder,
Society for Equality, Respect and Trust for All (SERATA)
TIME ITINERARY
10:00 AM – 11:30 AM “Where do you stand?”
Gender Quiz
11:30 AM – 11:45 AM
11:45 AM – 12:30 PM Have we really reached equality?
The Gender Box activity
What is Gender? Is it same as Sex?
What is Gender Equality and Gender Equity?
Reflections
Question & Answer
Break
Gender Division of Labour
Understand how society shapes the roles men and
women play in public and private lives.
What is unpaid work? And who does it at home?
Patriarchy
Concept of patriarchy and how it promotes violence.
Closing
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 10
ABSTRACTS
Keynote
Plenary
Postgraduate Workshop
Parallel
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 11
KEYNOTE
Sociolinguistics of Manhood:
Shifting Ideologies of Traditional Masculinity in Asia
Mie Hiramoto is Associate Professor in the Department of English Language
and Literature at the National University of Singapore. Her research interests are
sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, in particular, language, gender, and
sexuality (e.g., mediation and medialisation; Asian masculinity) and contact
linguistics (e.g., Japanese spoken outside Japan and Colloquial Singapore English).
Mie has published widely on these topics, including some recent publications in
Language in Society (2019), Language and Communication (2020), World
Englishes (2021), and International Journal of the Sociology of the Language (2022). She is currently writing
different handbook chapters while working as one of the editors for the Oxford Handbook of the Japanese
Language. Mie also serves as co-editor-in-chief for Gender and Language; associate editor for Journal of
Language and Sexuality; and area editor (sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology) for Linguistics
Vanguard. She is Deputy Principal Investigator of the NUS FASS Gender and Sexuality Research Cluster.
Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment and Sustainable
Development Goals: SDG 5 and Beyond
Noraida Endut is Professor of the School of Social Sciences, Universiti
Sains Malaysia (USM). She was Director of the Centre for Research on Women
and Gender (KANITA), USM, 2013-2021. At a time when gender studies was
little known in Malaysia, Noraida was part of the team that initiated the
establishment of KANITA as a centre of excellence on women’s and gender studies in USM in 2001. She is
currently the Vice President of the Asian Association of Women’s Studies (AAWS) and a Director on the
Board of the International Women’s Rights Watch Asia Pacific (IWRAW AP). She has been invited to speak
in many academic and public forums on women’s and gender issues, including in South Korea, South Africa,
Indonesia, Brunei, United Kingdom and the United States. Her research areas include women and the law,
gender and work, violence against women, gender and masculinity, women and economic empowerment and
women and technology and refugee issues from a gender perspective.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 12
PLENARY
“A financially independent woman is a gift to any nation”: Exploring the
Sociolinguistics of Family and Work in Leadership Stories Around the World
Stephanie Schnurr is Professor in Sociolinguistics at the University of Warwick. She has researched
and published widely on gender in professional contexts – with a particular focus on leadership
discourse. Among other journals, her research has been published in Language in Society; Gender,
Work and Organization; and Discourse Studies. She has also authored several books and has recently
co-edited a volume on Globalisation, Geopolitics and Gender in Professional Communication
(Routledge, 2022 with L. Mullany).
Rehabilitating the Language of Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in
Malaysia’s Women’s Empowerment Discourse
Melissa Yoong is a sociolinguist at the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus. Her
research explores issues at the intersections of language, gender, sexuality, employment and
family care. She is author of Professional Discourses, Gender and Identity in Women's Media
(Palgrave, 2020) and other contributions to journals and edited books.
Feminism and Gender Equality Discourse in Malaysia: Are They Inclusive of
Disabled Women and Other Marginalised Subgroups?
Alfa Nur Aini is a project researcher with the National Council for the Blind Malaysia (NCBM).
Her activism began in 2013 with her active involvement in programmes relating to disabled persons
at national and ASEAN levels. In 2017, she began her role as an independent researcher and consultant
whose works focus on disability issues, in particular those that affect disabled women. Alfa has also
co-authored several academic articles on numerous topics that cover education for disabled persons to
political participation amongst disabled persons in Malaysia.
Inspiring and Empowering the Next Generation of Women in STEM
Richard Ker is the Chief Marketing Officer at Aerodyne Group, a drone-based solutions
enterprise provider ranked first in the world with a presence in 35 countries. He is a TEDx
innovation and keynote speaker who is highly immersed in the global startup and innovation
ecosystem. He was previously attached to Cyberview where he spearheaded Malaysia’s
Cyberjaya Living Lab and Smart City programmes. He was also with Malaysian Global
Innovation and Creativity Centre (MaGIC) where he set up the ASEAN Centre of
Entrepreneurship (ACE). Richard lived and worked in the tech industry for more than 10 years
in Beijing before relocating back to Malaysia.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 13
POSTGRADUATE
WORKSHOP
WORKSHOP 1
Conducting Research on Language and Gender : Introduction to Theory and
Methodology
Trainers: Farhana Abdul Fatah and Leila Mohajer
The workshop presents an overview of prominent feminist and gender theories and frameworks
and discusses the way they could help inform research on language and gender. The session also
covers methodological and ethical concerns to conducting language and gender in different
contexts and fields of interest.
WORKSHOP 2
Translating Gender - Issues and Challenges in Machine Translation
Trainers: Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi and Ummu Salmah Rahamatullah
Machine Translation (MT) has currently reached levels of performance that allow for its integration
into real-world translation workflows. However, despite the high speed and various advantages of
this technology, translation of gender which is one of the most frequent problems in the state-of-the-
art MT systems, has raised a need to assess its quality and predict the required post-editing effort.
The overall aim of this workshop is to explore the issues and challenges of MT in different languages.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 14
PARALLEL
SESSIONS
Paper 1
Women in Tragicomedy:
The Influence of Film Language on the Transformation of Tragic and Comic Plots in the Stage to
Screen Adaptation of 'Hi, Mom'.
Zhang Xuan
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Andika Aziz Hussin
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
This paper analyzes how the 'Hi, Mom' has changed in plot in two successful adaptations for theatre and film. In 2021, 'Hi,
Mom' by a female director based on her mother's story caused a sensation in China. It ‘begins as a pleasant enough comic
fantasy...That’s before it flicks an inspired story-telling switch and turns into a top-notch tearjerker...’ (Kuipurs, 2021). To
answer this question, the researcher will analyse how the plot of the story differs in the film compared to the theatre. The
type of material studied is mainly video, one close to a half-hour stage version and the other a film version of over 2 hours.
Information research methods were also used to gather relevant news, topics, etc. to demonstrate audience evaluation of
the plot adaptations. Our results show that adaptations lead to differences in the time and space of the same story in the
two art forms. The results also reflect that the proportion of tragic plot is higher in the film than in the theatrical version
due to the more visual presentation of the film language. ‘We retell—and show again and interact anew with—stories over
and over’ (Hutcheon, 2006). The successful adaptation has given this story of a mother's love a wider social impact. This
study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics of plot adaptations by contemporary Chinese women directors
and how the language of film can be used to better represent women's stories.
Paper 2
“Is it bad that I pray but at the same time do gymnastics?”: Exploring the Discursive Intersectionality
Between Gender, Religious, and Athlete Identities Among Malaysian Muslim Women Gymnasts
Farhana Abdul Fatah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Increasing scrutiny and criticism of women athletes’ attire have been observed in Malaysia, a Muslim-majority country
that has been undergoing Islamisation since the late 1970s (Barr & Govindasamy, 2010). In 2015, Malaysian Muslim
gymnast Farah Ann Abdul Hadi received international coverage for the nationwide backlash on her revealing uniform
(BBC News, 2015; Sydney Morning Herald, 2015). As a result, Muslim women gymnasts do not only experience criticism
for their appearance but they may also be excluded from the dominant religious and gendered ideal of a ‘good Muslim
woman.’ Building upon an emerging and dynamic body of work on Feminist Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA)
(Baxter, 2002; Kamada, 2009) and discursive intersectionality (Staunaes, 2006), this paper examines the ways Muslim
women gymnasts in Malaysia negotiate their seemingly contradictory identities as professional athletes and as ‘good’
Muslim women. Primary data include in-depth interviews with three Muslim women who are former members of Malaysia
national gymnastics team. Insights obtained from this paper contribute to the burgeoning body of work on Muslim women
in Southeast Asia (see Thimm, 2021), and wider research on Muslim women in sports (Benn & Dagkas, 2012; Benn &
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 15
Pfister, 2013; Cook, 2018). More pertinently, they offer linguists working on sports research a closer view on the ways
language is employed to position athletes in simultaneously powerful and powerless positions within concurring or
competing professional, gendered, and religious discourses (Abdul Fatah & Schnurr, 2021; Baxter, 2005; Kamada, 2009).
Paper 3
Analysis of English Renditions of Quranic Verses:
A Case Study of Women’s Rights
Fatma Ahmed Abdallah Ba Sharahil
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Debbita Tan Ai Lin
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Women oppression and deprivation of their rights are claims that have been linked to Islam. Translating Quranic verses
with perfect accuracy is regarded as an impossible task as studies have proven that rendering the Holy Quran is devoid of
inadequacies. The translation strategies adopted play a significant role in influencing the outcomes of a translation process,
and as a result, lead to either loss or gain in meaning. Utilising Baker’s (2018) taxonomy, this study purposefully selected
and analysed five English renditions of Quranic verses that pertain to women’s rights. Arberry (1953) and Abdel Haleem’s
(2004) versions established the sample of the study and As-Sa’di’s (2002) exegesis was utilised to determine the
meaning/interpretation of the verses. Comparison between the original verses and the renditions was made; analysis based
on the strategies used was attempted and loss/gain in meaning was determined. It is apparent that there is disparity in terms
of strategies used while loss in meaning has been observed to be more than gain. In general, the choice of lexis and
translation strategies differed, and literal translation was dominant while inaccuracies in meaning conveyance were noted.
No similar study to the current one in terms of the specific selected sample has been detected. The findings of this study
are significant to researchers in the translation field in general, and in the translation of religious texts in particular.
Keywords: Quranic verses; women’s rights; translation strategies; loss/gain in meaning; Baker’s taxonomy
Paper 4
Foreign Language Anxiety and Gender Differences Among International ELT Postgraduate Students
Hameed Gannoun
[email protected]
Sebha University, Sabha, Libya
Farhana Diana Deris
[email protected]
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Naciye Kunt
[email protected]
Eastern Mediterranean University, Turkey
According to a review of current literature, the concept of foreign language anxiety is a complex concern in foreign language
learning. A comprehensive assessment of the origins of foreign language anxiety might contribute to the creation of
alternative solutions to reduce such feeling among foreign language learners. To investigate foreign language anxiety, this
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 16
study was conducted on 48 international students who were enrolled in an English language teaching (ELT) postgraduate
progamme at a university in Northern Cyprus. In order to address anxiety causes, the study administered a written survey
scale (affinities) with open-ended questions on eight purposefully selected participants. Firstly, based on the FLCAS results,
the current study discovered that participants experienced varying degrees of foreign language anxiety, without significant
differences in anxiety level between male and female participants. Second, language anxiety among males was caused, to a
large extent, by anxieties, class arrangement, and genetic and personal characteristics. In comparison, female participants
reported that class arrangement, genetic and personal characteristics, and cultural factors were the main anxiety-inducing
factors. These findings are expected to make a significant contribution to existing literature on foreign language anxiety and
will have significant consequences for teacher education policymakers. The study concludes with recommendations for
anxious language learners to ameliorate their feelings.
Keywords: Foreign Language Anxiety, Affinity, Foreign Language Learning.
Paper 5
Feminist Translation Strategies in Children’s Literature:
A Case Study of Helen Wang’s Translation Bronze and Sunflower
Han Shangying
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Debbita Tan Ai Lin
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Children’s literature, as a secondary genre (Aixelá, 1996), has attracted researchers’ attention in recent years. Meanwhile,
translators have been placed on a par with women for their equally weaker positions; “translators are handmaidens to author,
women inferior to men” (Simmon, 2005, p.1). Regarding women being placed in a secondary position as translators and in
children’s literature, this paper draws on the feminist translation strategies in children’s literature. Helen Wang is a renowned
translatress, especially for translating Chinese children’s books into English language, among which Bronze and Sunflower
is best known and highly praised. Since its publication, Helen Wang has won five international awards for her extraordinary
translation of this book. Accordingly, there have been increasing studies on her translation of the book from different
perspectives, including translation strategies. However, few studies have approached translation strategies from the
perspective of the feminist translation theory. Hence, the present paper, taking Helen Wang’s translation Bronze and
Sunflower as a case study, attempts to answer two questions: what are the feminist translation strategies Helen Wang
employed in translating the book from Chinese into English language, and what influences her choice of these strategies.
To this end, Delabastita’s (1993) feminist translation strategies have been adopted to analyse the parallel texts selected from
the original and the translated version. The analysis shows that Helen Wang employed substitution, repetition, deletion,
addition and compensation, and the influencing factors are the translatress’ subjectivity and ideology. It is hoped the paper
can provide enlightenment for future pertinent studies.
Keywords: feminist translation strategies; children’s literature; Helen Wang; Bronze and Sunflower
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 17
Paper 6
Gender Issues in Translation
Huda Saad
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Salasiah Che Lah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
In both theory and practice, the translation field has been enormously affected by the focus on gender. Gender is a term and
concept that are being studied in gender studies and translation studies, and the role of gender has produced fruitful and
varied scholarly research in the translation field (Simon, 1996; Von Flotow, 1997; 2001; Chamberlain, 1998; Santaemilia,
2005; Strauss, 1998; State, 1994; Brown, 2007). The gender issues in translation practice vary depending on the type of text,
the language, cultural traditions and numerous other elements (Chamberlain, 1998). Language and gender are closely
associated through the individuals' participation in everyday social relationships; that explains why males' and females'
languages are different (Holmes, 1995). This study initially looks at specific issues, including the history of feminist theories
of language and translation studies, linguistic issues, women translators of the books, and the Quran's translation by male
and female translators. The main aim of this study is the concept of gender and how it influences the translation product.
This review paper also examines several articles in which the gender of the translator has been studied to determine the
role of translator gender in translation accuracy and report whether there is a significant difference between the translations
of male and female translators in terms of translation accuracy or not. Finally, this study summarizes the results of fifteen
primary studies to explain if there is any difference between the translation of different genders' translation products and
translation quality based on the analysis of several case studies and studies of different language pairs.
Paper 7
The Corporeal and Monstrosity of Supernatural Entities:
Towards a Socio-Functional Illustration of Pontianak in Tunku Halim's Horror Stories
Marlina Jamal
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Female characters in horror fiction are often constructed from the image of their body, which emphasises an
innermost marker as sexual beings. The current study projects its focus on the depiction of Pontianak, a
supernatural entity famous in Malay folklore in selected short stories written by Tunku Halim. A critical discourse
method is adopted in analysing the data through the integration of Faiclough’s (1995) three-dimensional
framework. Analysis is done on lexical structures appearing in the selected texts, and findings demonstrate the
existence of corporeal and monstrosity elements associated with Pontianak. The entity is subjected to blatant
sexualisation and is also shown to be associated with evil, whereby she resorts to violence in fulfilling her desires;
ultimately disparaging the patriarchal cocoon a Malay woman is supressed under.
Keywords: supernatural entities, Pontianak, monstrosity, critical discourse analysis, horror stories, women in
fiction
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Paper 8
Lesbian Language Studies:
Language Discrimination and Profanity on Woman in Malaysia
Jainisha A/P Sadacharam
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Lesbian relationship is considered as a serious offence in Malaysia. However, we cannot deny the existence and emerging
lesbian community among Malaysians. The word ‘lesbian’ has unpleasant connotations of women with less dignity.
Generally, woman have always been discriminated in many aspects ranging from gender roles to sexual orientation. Hence,
the language used to discriminate women affects the lesbian language. This paper aims to record the advocacy of people on
taking these issues seriously and amend for the betterment of Malaysia. This paper derives from the outcome of spoken
language discrimination and language profanity that exist in our society on women in lesbian relationship. It will present
and discuss common discrimination language used and ways to curb this discrimination. Specifically, around 20 people
living in Malaysia are exhorted to fill up the questionnaire that could educate them on this topic. The questionnaire consists
of 11 sentences based on the Equity Evaluation Corpus (EEC) sentence template to observe how profanity and discriminative
language affect lesbian language in Malaysia (Saif M. Mohammad & Svetlana Kiritchenko, 2018). Besides, we have asked
the respondents to suggest ways to curb this issue. Additionally, this paper explores the alternative or the right way of
addressing people in lesbian community. Thus, this will eventually help to resolve gender based language issues. Overall,
over marginalized language brings defacement to pronouns, gender and sexuality which can be fixed by setting some
language borders. This paper is looking forward to educating the surroundings and bringing awareness about language,
gender, and sexuality.
Paper 9
A Multimodal Representation of Men in GQ China Magazines after the Chinese Banning of Effeminate
Masculinity
Xuanying Kuang
[email protected]
University Malaya
Huey Fen Cheong
[email protected]
University Malaya
This study investigates similarities and differences in media portrayal of men before and after the Chinese banning of
effeminate masculinity in the media, and explains how these (non) changes play an essential role in reviving
traditional masculinity in China. Through Kress and Van Leeuwen's (2020) Visual Grammar, the covers of GQ China
magazine’s April to September 2021 issues are compared to the October 2021 to March 2022 covers. The similarities show
GQ magazine's unique style and are summarized as follow: 1) symbolic attributes are frequently used to manifest the theme
and artistry; 2) frontal angle and demand gaze are often adopted to attract viewers' attention; 3) medium shot is regularly
utilized to earn respect from viewers, without alienating them. The differences are summarized as follow: 1) men are
increasingly depicted as active and energetic through more action vectors; 2) men are increasingly portrayed as empowered;
3) men are decreasingly embedded with the attributes of standard beauty. These changes demonstrate the representation of
men in GQ China magazine to be more inclined towards traditional masculinity, emphasiza the Chinese government's call for
"national rejuvenation" that includes policies reviving traditional masculinity to establish a more powerful and healthier
society.
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Paper 10
“Mecing bulan”:
Menstruation and Its Representation among the Indigenous Lundayeh in
Malaysian North Borneo Sabah
Kavitha Ganesan
[email protected]
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-8103
This article problematises menstruation from the perspective of representation during past animistic practices, to imperialism
and religious conversion, among the indigenous Lundayeh Malaysia North Borneo Sabah. The Bornean indigenous people’s
past way of life has been described as egalitarian where the very nature of subsistence farming was attributed to equal
division of labour between the sexes—men were the hunters while women were the gatherers. In Vinson H. Sutlive’s edited
collection, Female and Male in Borneo: Contributions and Challenges Gender Studies (1991), for instance, the communities
residing in the island were examined from the perspective of human sexuality and gender where the authors of the volume
traced the varied dynamism, from openness to discretion and caution, when the Bornean communities were approached on
numerous topics related to the human body. In particular, the chapter on Lundayeh by Jay Crain is intriguing as he notes:
“females and males are complementary and interdependent. Females are naturally sexual; males learn about intercourse from
females. Society involves distinctions between women and men to control the necessary but potentially destructive
consequences of sexuality” (1991, p.336). This article departs from Crain’s observation, where I argue that, unlike sexuality,
menstruation is treated with discretion, not least because it is a taboo, but because the Lundayeh’s close association with
nature forms the ideology that there is nothing unnatural or unusual about a woman’s bodily changes, hence contributing to
the lack of vocabulary vis a vis representation in the Lundayeh language on menstruation. According to the Lundayeh
women, “mecing bulan'' was often delayed in the past because young girls did not freely mix with the opposite sexes unlike
in the present times. This is why young girls got their first periods at the age of 18 and even when they got it, they rarely
spoke about it with their mothers or female peers. They were expected to “know” and “behave” accordingly by layering
their panties with cloths and sitting accordingly. As the Lundayehs were longhouse dwellers, should the female’s clothes be
stained by period blood, it was treated casually by the occupants of the entire longhouse since it is a natural part of being a
female. Fieldwork evidence collected in native Lundayeh villages between 2018 and 2019 will be used to support the
arguments presented in this article.
Paper 11
Influence of Home Factors on Preschoolers’ Attitudes towards Learning
English as a Foreign Language in China
Li Qingyun
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
In recent years, there has been an increasing enthusiasm in English learning in China. With the current policy changes in
China which restricts English language instruction being held outside of the home for preschool children, it remains to be
seen how eager Chinese parents supplement their children’s English learning at home. This study investigates the range of
approaches used in English learning at home among Chinese preschoolers aged between 4 to 6 years old. Different factors
that contribute towards children’s attitude in English learning will be examined closely across families selected for the study
from different socioeconomic strata in Mainland China. It also compares the attitudes of children based on gender, towards
English learning at home. Globally, women have been underrepresented in the field of STEM study and are considered to
be more suitable for literacy learning. Chinese students have been stereotyped that boys are not competitive enough in
learning languages and better for STEM. Studying the relationship between language learning and genders is crucial for
students, parents, educational institutions, policy makers, etc.
Keywords: English language learning attitude, Chinese preschoolers, gender
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Paper 12
Gender Differences in the Chinese EFL Learners’ Preferences of Mobile Resources for Life-long
Learning
Liu Li
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
The Covid-19 pandemic dramatically transforms educational delivery into a fully online mode. As a subdivision of online
learning, mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has been widely and thoroughly studied in the past decades. A majority
of research examined learners’ motivations, perceptions, attitudes, and effectiveness of MALL, resulting in scarcity in the
investigation of preferred MALL resources and utilization of effective MALL in promoting lifelong learning capability. The
present study conducts empirical research on Chinese EFL learners’ preferred MALL resources for life-long learning by
focusing on gender differences and employing a hybrid method. The expected findings are that differences do exist in mobile
resource preference based on gender, which impacts the learning outcomes of EFL students in China. Therefore, the
significance of this study lies in identifying the preferable mobile resources helping the students achieve the best learning
outcomes, hence contributing to inspiring future scholars, educators, and students alike to make smarter choices in this
digital area of extremely and overwhelmingly abundant resources.
Keywords: Chinese EFL context; gender difference; life-long learning; MALL; resources preference
Paper 13
Manipulation of Natural Gender and Grammatical Gender in Translation:
A Case Study of “I am Malala” and “Things Fall Apart”
Mohamed Abdou Moindjie
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ummu Salmah Rahamatullah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Translation studies have evolved in the 1960s due to the concept of culture turn which embodies gender translation problems.
Gender is a cultural specific problem because some languages have only natural gender, whereas others have grammatical
gender that needs formal and semantic reconceptualization. This paper is an investigation into the manipulation of natural
gender and grammatical gender in translation. Being a product-oriented study, it examines and compares existing translations
of the novels, “I am Malala” and “Things Fall Apart” from English language into Malay, French and Spanish to construct a
translation modelling. The study is done qualitatively and quantitatively. The source texts and target texts are wholly read;
data related to natural gender and grammatical gender are identified, collected, and analyzed. The analysis is done following
Lambert and Van Gorp’s theory. The research reveals that French and Spanish have plenty of grammatical gender markers,
whereas English and Malay have natural gender markers. The female gender presence in the translation is affected by the
translators’ manipulation of the gender markers due to orthodox linguistic cultural norms.
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Paper 14
“The one who sacrificed herself to save her people”:
Discourses of Femininity in the Ethno-gendered Construction of Huminodun among the Kadazan Dusun
Peoples of Sabah
Farhana Abdul Fatah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ireena Ibnu
[email protected]
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Sabrina Melissa Aripen
[email protected]
Universiti Malaya
Elizabeth Joanny
[email protected]
SK Segaliud
Drawing upon an integrated postmodern feminist epistemology involving postcolonial, critical, and post structural feminism,
this research seeks to explore the discourses of femininity in collective constructions of an imagined cultural-historical figure
among an indigenous group. Specifically, we look at how an indigenous group in Sabah in northern Borneo – collectively
called the Kadazan, Dusun, Murut, and Rungus (KDMR) – imagines and constructs Huminodun, a mythical princess whose
sacrifice for the livelihood of her people is celebrated through an annual beauty pageant called the Unduk Ngadau. As a
platform for the performance of heteronormative and hyperfeminine ideals among the KDMR community, we compare and
contrast the manifestations of the ideal KDMR femininity and identity between the participants’ conception of the
contestants of Unduk Ngadau and their respective construction of Huminodun. This is done via thematic analysis of
responses from an online questionnaire distributed to members of the KDMR. Preliminary insights reveal that Huminodun
remains a revered and respected figure among the KDMR, although there are contentions that the hyper- commercialised
Unduk Ngadau has misappropriated or exploited this essence in their pageantry. This paper seeks to build upon a presently
limited body of research on femininity and indigeneity, especially in the context of Malaysian Borneo. The findings can
prove insightful for scholars, KDMR members, as well as pageant organisers and participants, as ethnic beauty pageants
“provide an opportunity to examine how idealised versions of womanhood reflect broader concerns about power and
culture,” (Wu, 1997, p. 6).
Paper 15
ESL and Facebook: Gender Differences among University Students
Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
This study examines ESL university students’ gender differences in their perceptions of Facebook usage for English language
learning. 622 university students were invited to answer a set of questionnaires that measured their English language skills,
attitudes, motivation, and self-confidence. The results indicated significant differences in the male and female participants’
perceptions after engaging with Facebook. The female students demonstrated higher improvement in their English language
skills and a more positive attitude and motivation towards learning English. In terms of self-confidence, the female students
agreed to use more English in their daily lives compared to the males. Both males and females indicated equal confidence in
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 22
speaking, writing, and reading in English after engagement with Facebook. There was no significant difference between
gender when their discipline of studies, Science and Non-Science, was measured. Facebook as a social media seems capable
of benefiting students’ English language learning. Thus, future research may look into a suitable pedagogical design to be
incorporated in the classrooms.
Paper 16
Pitch Perfect: The Drive for Gender Neutrality
Siti Sara Binti Zainal Abidin
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Pitch presentation, with its persuasive nature, is a powerful communication tool that can provide coherence, clarity, and even
amusement. Currently, it is a sought-after tool in the fast-paced industry of different backgrounds in proposing the latest
information in a quickly digestible and easily comprehensible way. Thus, it has been included in the advanced English
Language course, LHP 456 Spoken English, Universiti Sains Malaysia as an assessment and caters to students from all fields
of studies to ensure that they are industry-ready. Using observation and interpretation in the qualitative method, this study
examined two groups of LHP 456 students’ inclination toward specific gender equality topics and any elements of gender
influence. It reflected that most students generally prefer to choose gender-neutral topics driven toward the betterment of
society. Nevertheless, certain students tend to tackle issues that are more forward thinking and gender specific. However, the
effects of the gender inference were mainly influenced by the topic and the student's gender. The paper discusses the
implications of these findings.
Paper 17
Self and Other Representations of Female Sympathisers of ISIS
Ungku Khairunnisa Bt Ungku Mohd Nordin
[email protected]
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Since June 2014, the international media has reported on the Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS), an international
Islamist-motivated terrorism group centred in Syria and Iraq. This dual-pronged study examines how female sympathisers of
ISIS are represented through and by media discourses, and significantly also, how female sympathisers of ISIS represent
themselves on Twitter in relation to ISIS. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis – the Discourse Historical Approach (Resigl
& Wodak, 2000), this paper analyses the diverse and often contested ways in which the Self versus Other (Wodak, 2010)
schemata is prominent in the representations of female sympathisers. The data for the global media’s representation are taken
from online newspapers-The Guardian, The Daily Mail and Le Figaro Madame. In terms of ISIS-affiliated media, Dabiq
magazines and The Manifesto by Al Khannssa Brigade were analysed, while the self-representations of the female
sympathisers of ISIS come from the tweets of posters on Twitter who have declared themselves as female advocates of the
ideologies of ISIS. The themes found in global media are women as young learners, mothers, and wives. The themes found
in ISIS-affiliated media include women as muhajrahs, ISIS wives, slaves, educators, and learners. In the tweets, the themes
discussed are women as members of the ISIS family, soldiers, wives, keyboard warriors, veiled and modest women, and young
women. By viewing gender through multiple lenses, this paper intends to pave the way for an examination of gender and
terrorism that explores the complexities of representations.
Keywords: Gender, Terrorism, Critical Discourse Analysis, ISIS
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 23
Paper 18
Gender in Literary Translation A Case Study of English and French Translations of Frog
Yajing Yang
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
With the impact of post-structuralism on gender studies since the 1990s, a newer understanding of gender as a multiple and
fluctuating identity that is constantly being constructed in context has largely shaken the essentialist notion of gender. As a
result, the research focus has shifted to the discursive representations or constructions of women and men in particularly
gendered ways in spoken or written texts in each context. A corpus-based case study is conducted on the English translation
and French translation of the Chinese novel Frog by one male and one female translator. It begins a systematical analysis of
the impact of gender on literary translation from the aspects of lexical resources and critical discourse analysis. Through the
research, this paper has concluded that, although like other cultural identities, gender has an impact on translation, with both
male and female translators considering their gender during the translation process, and their translations reflecting their
differing perspectives on gender, gender involvement in translation is not absolute: male translators do not always adhere to
their male identity and show contempt for women; female translators do not always conform to female consciousness. This is
because there are many factors influencing the formation of translators' gender perceptions, and the cultural involvement of
gender in translation is also complicated and complex. The factors that constrain translation, as well as issues of fidelity and
translator invisibility, can have an impact on the construction and representation of gender in translations.
Paper 19
Gender Difference in Digital Literacy and Its Impact on Learning among Future Translators
Yan Da
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Sains MalaysiaDevelopment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the way
knowledge and skills are taught and learnt (Albion & Tondeur, 2018). Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the ability
to utilize information technology to support learning proved critical for students with no access to conventional face-to-face
instructions (Inan Karagul et al., 2021). Hence, higher levels of digital literacy are eagerly needed for future translators in an
era full of changes and innovations (Dabis, 2020). However, the difference of digital literacy between male and female
undergraduate translation trainees and its impact on learning remain unknown. The present research investigates the gender
difference of digital literacy levels among 1,000 translation trainees at three universities. The research follows an explanatory
sequential mixed method design by starting with the administering of an adapted questionnaire to assess student’s knowledge
and level of abilities to use digital tools and resources in translation learning. The results from the questionnaire are
triangulated by qualitative findings from focus group discussion for the impact of digital literacy on learning and document
analysis of student’s learning artifacts that follow. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and thematic content analysis are
applied in data analysis for the two stages of the research respectively. The present research is a pioneering effort to investigate
the gender difference of digital literacy and its impact on learning among undergraduate translation trainees. The study is
significant as its findings could trigger further discussion about the innovation of translation training to promote gender
equality in digital literacy and address technology-related issues faced by online learning during the pandemic.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 24
Paper 20
Self-perceived Status and Job Satisfaction of Translation Profession in the COVID-19 epidemic:
A Gendered Perspective
Zhang Jing
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
The unbalanced distribution of male and female translation professionals stands in sharp contrast across the globe. Moreover,
the COVID-19 epidemic has also impacted the landscape of gender difference in the translation industry, especially attitudes
of male and female translators but little academic attention has been paid to this question (Qi Su et al., 2021). This study aims
to figure out different attitudes of male and female translators in China towards their profession, self-perceived status and job
satisfaction through a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Specifically, an open-ended anonymous
questionnaire and semi-structured interviews will be conducted to collect data of two-hundred translators’ demography, self-
perceived status, and their views of job satisfaction. Data analysis will then be made using ANOVA, visualisation of the high-
frequency words and descriptive analysis through SPSS and WordSmith. After the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the
study reports the findings of gender disparity in translation profession and their views and explores potential reasons that give
rise to current status, such as cultural, social, and geographical factors. By providing academic evidence on a closer look into
gender and translation profession, this study also demonstrates the sociological phenomenon of feminisation in the translation
industry and discusses ways to bridge the gap of gender issues through improving translation progammes in higher education
and translation industry in both public and private sectors in China.
Paper 21
The Visual language of Discounts in Products’ Ads for Arabs:
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Ali Badeen Mohammed Al-Rikaby
[email protected]
Mustansiriyah University
During the Covid-19 pandemic, Arab people faced hundreds of products and ads that tried to dominate their cognizance by
using themes such as sex, comfort, fantasy, beauty, and attraction. The aim of this study is to converge on the visual language
of discounts and the advertising communication process, through which ads’ content making (text and image) becomes an
operative and a cognitive tool for women objectification. It is also vital to draw attention to the significance of advertising
content subjects during the covid-19 pandemic and how women have been misrepresented and objectified in such ads. This
study is based on Fredrickson and Roberts’ (1997) objectification theory, and Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual
grammar to unfold the social semiotic choices in women’s representation in ads. Findings have shown that the language of
discounts and women's bodies are among the most influential images and texts that are mostly used as an object to upsurge
effectiveness and awareness, and to increase the sales volume of these products. Specifically, most of the advertisements have
been selected purposely to promote objectification of women to disqualify their individual progress in a culture that sexually
objectifies the female body.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 25
Paper 22
On the Translator’s Subjectivity in Eileen Chang’s Translation of The Old Man and the Sea
Xian Zhong
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mohamed Abdou Moindjie
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Shaidatul Akma Binti Adi Kasuma
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Where there are Chinese, there are people talking about Eileen Chang. It can be seen that as one of “The Four Talented Women
of the Republic of China”, Eileen Chang has always maintained a household reputation in China. Her works show her unique
female personal characteristics in her language expressivity. Her translations may affect her writing style which consists of
building a bridge between different languages and cultures through words. This research is a translation qualitative research;
it aims to analyze the translator’s subjectivity in Eileen Chang’s translation of The Old Man and the Sea from the aspects of
translation choices and translation strategies to the artistic recreation of kin terms vocabulary, syntax and culture to describe
how the translator’s subjectivity is reflected in the translation of The Old Man and the Sea. In doing so, House’s theory (2014:
124) on translation quality assessment is followed for convenience. The translator’s own cultural literacy, writing style,
translation purpose and socio-cultural background, which may affect the translation is investigated in order to find out the
impact of the translator’s subjectivity.
Keywords: Translator’s Subjectivity; Translation Choices; Translation Strategies; Style; Language Manipulation
Paper 23
Identity Construction and Negotiation of Young Hijab-wearing Malay-Muslim Malaysian K-pop fans
Nursyaheedah Binti Muhammad Isa
[email protected]
University of Warwick
The growing influence of both western and non-western forms of entertainment in Malaysia, such as Korean pop music (K-
pop), has consistently been vilified and met with resistance from Islamic conservatives who consider popular foreign culture
as damaging to the morality and behaviour of the Malays. While this critical reception of K-pop fans in Malaysia has attracted
some attention from scholars, any developments in research on how these fans, especially the female fans, construct, negotiate
and reconcile their religious identities to their fan identities have been lacking. Hence, there is a need to study this phenomenon
beyond the existing dominant perspectives and discourses. This study, in particular, aims to (i) investigate how young hijab-
wearing Malay-Muslim Malaysian K-pop fans discursively construct and negotiate their religious and fan identities as fans of
K-pop, a popular foreign culture within an interactional context i.e., research interviews and (ii) explore their conflicts and
identity their struggles as fans of K-pop, a popular culture that is often perceived to be not only morally ambivalent and
debateable, but also contradictory to their beliefs in Islam and God. The analysis procedure for transcription of interview data
will be discourse analysis, guided by Bucholtz and Hall’s (2005) sociocultural linguistic framework of identity principles. This
study is significant as it provides opportunities for these young hijab-wearing fans to speak of their beliefs, feelings, and
experiences, an opportunity which they are seldom given, and for their voices to be heard.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 26
Paper 24
Translation and Gender: translation evaluation of gender-specific texts using EEG signals
Karam Damesh
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ilangko Subramaniam
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
On the basis of the controversial views existing in the scientific community regarding the difference between the brain of men
and women, and since most of the research conducted in translation studies focus on the product rather than the process, there
is a need to steer attention towards analysing the mechanisms of the brain, the engine for the whole process that operate while
transferring language when practising translation. This paper will investigate if there is a genuine difference between male
and female translators’ brain abilities in achieving the task of translation. Specifically, this paper will examine two interrelated
functions of the human brain, namely attention and concentration, and their levels for both genders when transferring language.
The rapid advancement in technology has made mobile brainwave devices available to the mass market; thus, the two functions
will be measured using the detection and investigation properties of mobile brainwave sensors, EEG
(electroencephalography), which applies TGAM (Think Gear Asic Module) technology to observe and learn how the brain of
each gender responds to different translation tasks, based on neuroscientific theories on gender and language. Related anxiety
inventory scales will also be used to assess its effect on both brain functions and the translation process output, which also
will be evaluated based on its fidelity, fluency, and elegance. Two gender-specific passages will be used in this study. This
study will be conducted with 10 male and 10 female English-Malay translators who are MA students at the School of
Languages, Literacies and Translation of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The results would give an understanding of the gender
differences regarding translation skills and abilities, and indicators for increasing and enhancing attention, and concentration.
Paper 25
Subtitling of Queer Gender Translation in English Films
Tingting Su
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mohamed Abdou Moindjie
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Gender identity and expressions have shifted from being invariable at birth to being variable. Queer theory has brought with
it the idea that the contingent gender can shift and change at any given time. The concept of gender queer has been broadly
accepted in many western countries, such as the United States but it has not been widely introduced into China. As the
audiovisual media is a modern mean to exchange cultures and knowledge, English film about gender queer is a critical aspect
for Chinese people who get initial access to related knowledge. Subtitle translation, as the mainstream of audiovisual
translation, is not only determined by the linguistic techniques but also by the cultural elements and ideological differences.
These cultural and ideological connotations often reflect assumptions which may vary from one culture to another, revealing
different ways of understanding and expression. A small bilingual parallel corpus with subtitles of 10 queer films will be
investigated with the aim to detect sensitive issues in translation caused by culture difference, and to analyze translation
strategies for translating culture-loaded words and expressions. Translation has the power to both respond and reflect target
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 27
culture mores (Bauer, 2003).Therefore, this study will further describe to what extent these translations may affect the
audiences' understandings and acceptability.
Paper 26
An Analysis of Media Representation of Arab Female Athletes:
The Case of Al-Jazeera (beIN SPORTS)
Israa Hasan Ajeel
[email protected]
Al-Muthanna University Iraq
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Debbita Tan Ai Lin
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Several studies on sports media coverage of female athletes have reported that sports media is biased towards males. Hence,
they encourage normative hegemonic masculinity. Accordingly, the present study examines Al-Jazeera’s (beIN SPORTS)
coverage of Arab female athletes participating in Tokyo Olympics. The present study investigates gender equality and compares
beIN SPORTS' depiction of male and female athletes. The aims of this study are, therefore, to determine the quantity of media
coverage given by beIN SPORTS to Arab female athletes and identify the strategies used in covering Arab female athletes in
selected online reports of beIN SPORTS, along with the ideological points of view in terms of in-group "Self" and out-group
"Other" dichotomy. The researchers of the present study analyse reports made by Al-Jazeera (beIN SPORTS) from a critical
discourse analysis perspective and implement Van Dijk's (1998) ideological square. In this vein, positive "in-group" and negative
"out-group" dichotomy are used to analyse the ideological strategies of sports news. Results of the present study reveal that
female athletes suffer from inadequate media depiction. In addition, though female athletes have received greater media
coverage than the previous years, they are more likely to be represented in a sexualised manner.
Keywords: Arab female athletes, Bein sports, Media representation, Critical discourse analysis.
Paper 27
Dismantling Gendered Views Using Lakoff’s Women’s Language on Malaysia’s Malay Video Game
Streamer
Ameera Syafillah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
The e-sports industry in Malaysia has shown an incline trend in community growth due to the pandemic COVID-19 that has
affected worldwide population. Apart from that, content creating in social medias has become a new way to express one’s
creativity. Consequently, many members of the e-sports community, regardless of their gender, create content by streaming
their gaming session to their audiences. Lakoff (1973) founded a theory on women’s language where she suggested that
women tend to use broader lexicon and have stricter syntax rules while appearing submissive in a male-dominated community.
This study focuses on Malay ethnicity, hence highlighting the relationship between language and culture. Numerous studies
have been carried out on women’s language in Malaysia discourse but those focusing on e-sports industry are few and far in
between. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine women’s language used by both male and female streamers in a
gaming community. Ten Malay Player Unknown Battleground streamers, consisting of five males and five females, have been
chosen to be participants of this study. A total of 40-hour of gaming content was analysed, using conversational analysis that
is based on Lakoff’s women’s language. Early findings indicated the presence of women’s language in the video game
streaming despite being in a male dominated discourse. Female streamers also used profanity to show hostility or frustration,
just as male streamers do but yet managing to maintain their femininity. It is also implied that being in a male-dominated
community does not affect the streamers’ femininity nor do they become more masculine. The preliminary data highlights the
significance of research in new media, addressing gap, and conversational studies.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 28
Paper 28
“It's Macho for Men, It's Not Pretty For Girls”: Gender Based Skin Colour Discourse on Social Media
Zulfati Izazi Zulkifli
[email protected]
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
This article presents findings from a study that examines the discourse of skin colour as expressed by Malaysians on social
media. The objective is to discover the ideology that comes through the construction of language within the discourse of skin
colour. The data for this study are comprised of selected corpus of tweets within the subject of skin colour and are gathered
from Twitter, specifically by employing the keyword “kulit gelap” - a phrase in bahasa Malaysia (Malay language) that
translates to ‘dark skin’ in English language. This qualitative study was conducted in virtue of a thorough interpretation upon
each data (tweet) and guided by Discourse-Historical Approach (Reisgl & Wodak, 2016), Computer-Mediated Discourse
(Herring & Androutsopoulus, 2015), Sociocognitive Approach (Van Dijk, 2008) and Representation Theory (Hall, 1997).
Through analysis made upon tweets that are mainly of opinion and life experiences, the study reveals that the discourse of
skin colour on social media is hedged on the subject of beauty, in which a gendered bias can be detected. The key findings
indicate that men with dark skin are often associated with machismo, while women with dark skin are often challenged with
the need to resort to skin bleaching as fair skin is deemed more desirable.
Keywords: discourse analysis, social media, skin colour, Twitter
Paper 29
Rewriting Of Self:
Gender and Language in Arundhati Roy's 'The Ministry Of Utmost Happiness' and Chitra Banerjee
Divakaruni's 'Before We Visit The Goddess'
Nur Ain Nasuha Anuar
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Gender and language are two intricately interwoven aspects that underlie literary works. Nevertheless, language has become
so integral in everyday life that its influence and potential are often unrecognised or dismissed. The role language plays in
shaping the world and reality, particularly its effect in articulating gender, has remained a distinctively underexplored subject
of interest. The study aims to examine the use of patriarchal language in relation to patriarchal ideology of gender, and to
analyze the deconstruction and reconstruction of gender through language. Two novels are selected to achieve these aims–
Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Before We Visit the Goddess
(2016). These works are observed through Hélène Cixous’ notions of bisexuality and écriture féminine (feminine writing) in
order to draw parallels between the language used and the characters’ own construction of gender. The study finds that
languages are constructed on the basis of phallogocentrism that reflects patriarchal binary thoughts of gender. This influence
becomes the very property that makes women, while limiting their space and creativity. However, with conscious attempts of
reconstructing the meaning of gender through language, the characters are able to break through the constraints of
phallogocentrism and remake the existing language into one that belongs to them.
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 29
Paper 30
Analysis of English Lexical Stress Produced by Male and Female Yemeni EFL Learners
Samah Yaslam Saleh Baagbah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Paramaswari Jaganathan
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
An accurate production of English lexical stress enhances intelligible communication. However, research has consistently
shown that Arab EFL learners’ difficulties in attaining the correct use of the English lexical stress correlates to cross-linguistic
variance. Little attention has been paid to how gender affects the impact of L1 on the production of English lexical stress. This
paper extracts data, in relation to gender influence, from an ongoing research on English lexical stress production by Yemeni
EFL learners. The current study employs an experimental method that includes a production task to test the use of the English
lexical stress in correlation to duration, intensity, fundamental frequency, and vowel formants in disyllabic and trisyllabic
words. Data were collected from a total of 40 male and female Yemeni EFL learners, and 10 native speakers. The analysis
shows a significant main effect of gender influence in producing the fundamental frequency and vowel formants of the stressed,
and unstressed syllables by male and female Yemeni EFL learners. The degrees of the stressed vowel in duration, intensity,
and fundamental frequency by male Yemeni EFL learners are similar to those produced by male English speakers. However,
female Yemeni EFL learners produce higher fundamental frequency degrees than the female native speakers. The data also
show that both the Yemeni EFL learners have displayed various vowel formants, which affected the reduction in the unstressed
vowels. The results of this study suggest that gender partly influences the English lexical stress correlated production by male
and female Yemeni EFL learners.
Keywords: English lexical stress, L1 phonology, EFL learners, gender
Paper 31
Gender Differences & Enlightening on Teaching in Kindergarten Language Learning
Zhang Qing
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Language learning is a very complex acquisition process and learners' performance is influenced by various factors such as
learners' attitude, age, gender, personality, learning motivation and cognitive style (Ellis, 1994). Among the factors, gender
is an important part of individual differences, especially in dealing with learning strategies. Girls have an early advantage in
learning language over boys, especially during their early school days which is more obvious. Canadian psychologist
Professor Doreen Kimura found that boys and girls have different distributions of functions in the upper left hemisphere of
the brain. The mechanisms related to language such as grammar, spelling and speech, are located in the front and back of
the left brain in males, while in females they are in the front of the left brain. This difference in the distribution of functions
directly affects the way boys and girls think. Differences in brain structure accounted for girls' linguistic superiority.
Grammar, spelling and writing skills, which are associated with language, are linked to the front left hemisphere of the
female brain, while they are spread across the front and back left hemisphere of the brain in boys. Therefore, boys have to
work harder to string these functions together in order to achieve the same results as girls. Knowing these mechanisms,
kindergarten teachers can help their pupils achieve more by applying effective teaching methods such as games and outdoor
activities, as early as possible, so that gender differences will be less obvious in terms of learning during kindergarten.
Keywords: Kindergarten language learning, gender differences, enlightening on teaching
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 30
Paper 32
Deciphering Text of Kitᾱb Al-Libᾱs, Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhᾱriy in Answering Misconception on
Forbidden Colours for Men
Thuraya Ahmad
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
The discourse regarding clothing in Islam regularly emphasises on divine dress code, differentiating between the permissible
and the forbidden. The code is enshrined in Islamic scripture which can be construed from its Arabic language. Possibly, a
misconception could prevail within attempts by outsiders of the fraternity of Islamic studies. A common claim states that
Muslim men are forbidden from wearing yellow, red, and colourful clothing. To answer the misconception, this study focuses
on hadiths in the chapter, Kitāb al-Libās of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhāriy. This study employs a qualitative methodology through
contextual analysis of the culled chapter of the book, with reliance on references in the field of hadith. Ultimately, this study
finds narrations on the mentioned colours for men in the chapter. Based on the narrations, these colours are allowed for men
generally with the conditions that they are not performing pilgrimage rituals, and their red dresses are not of safflower-based
dye. However, the indication in a hadith on colourful dresses and four hadiths on yellow dresses are shrouded in archaic words.
Evidently, the false claim lies in dependence on insufficient narrations plus the hindrance in construing the Arabic language
spoken in the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad. Hereby, this study stresses that the conveying of teaching from hadith should
be made by its scholarly fraternity which can reveal a sufficient array of narrations for each topic. In addition, the Arabic text
dating back over fourteen centuries ago is accurately understandable by the scholars of hadith.
Keywords: men, misconception, deciphering, colours, Kitāb al-Libās
Paper 33
Narrowing the Gender Gap in Literature Circle to Promote EFL Senior High School Students’
Reading Engagement
Liu Lifang
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Malini Ganapathy
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
The study of gender differences in academic achievements has been one of the core topics in peer-led discussion within
literature circles. The action research study was carried out in a county high school in Fuchuan County, Hezhou, China, with
the aim to examine whether narrowing the gender gap in literature circle can promote English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
in senior high school students’ reading engagement in the classroom. To accomplish this goal, the author worked with a small
class of 43 EFL students for one semester, applying literature circles. Data were collected and analysed through surveys,
interviews and observations. The study suggests that varying the grouping structure for literature circles influences the rate of
verbal participation for students. Also, literature circles would work more effectively in a multi-gender grouping. At the same
time, gender may play a role in influencing the dynamics and discussions of the groups. Besides, the chosen reading materials
also impact the engagement in literature circles. Evidence points to the conclusion that varying the grouping structures, the
roles which gender may play and the selected reading materials can narrow the gender gap in literature circles, and then
succeed in promoting students’ reading engagement. As a suggestion for future research, it would be helpful to conduct similar
studies with students from other classes or in different schools.
Keywords: gender gap; equal opportunities; peer-led discussion; literature circles; reading engagement
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 31
POSTER
PRESENTATION
Gender Differences in Writing, Why Bother?:
A Case Study on Errors Made by Rural Primary School Pupils
Halipah Harun
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan Abdullah
[email protected]
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Some people lamented that males make more errors in English language skills, particularly in writing. It has also been
revealed in the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (2012, p.28) that the gender gap is large and growing. At every
level, females regularly outperform males with the disparity beginning at the primary school level, and culminating in
secondary schools. This trend continues up to tertiary level of studies where females make up over 70% of the cohort. This
is a serious situation in Malaysia. It shows that the country has a cohort of males with poorer academic results than females;
worse still as 30% of males have dropped out of school. Thus, this study aims to identify the gender that makes more
errors in English language writing and to get information about errors that are frequently made by focusing on four areas,
namely tenses spelling, punctuation and vocabulary. Two rural schools, consisting of 44 Primary 5 pupils with equal
numbers of males and females, were selected for this study. The finding has surprisingly shown that female pupils
generally made more errors than male pupils, except for punctuation errors. This study affects rural pupils’
writing performance regarding gender. It is hoped that educators might consider the finding so as to sustain gender equity
in language learning, and to provide room for language and gender equality to improve English language writing
performance.
Keywords: Gender, making errors, rural primary school pupils, English writing
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 32
PRESENTERS
Ali Badeen Mohammed Al-Rikaby Mustansiriyah University, Iraq
Ameera Syafillah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Andika Aziz Hussin Universiti Sains Malaysia
Debbita Tan Ai Lin Universiti Sains Malaysia
Elizabeth Joanny SK Segaliud
Farhana Abdul Fatah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Farhana Diana Deris Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Fatma Ahmed Abdallah Ba Sharahil Universiti Sains Malaysia
Halipah Harun Universiti Sains Malaysia
Hameed Gannoun Sebha University, Libya
Han Shangying Universiti Sains Malaysia
Huda Saad Universiti Sains Malaysia
Huey Fen Cheong Universiti Malaya
Ilangko Subramaniam Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ireena Ibnu Universiti Teknologi MARA
Israa Hasan Ajeel Al-Muthanna University Iraq, USM
Jainisha A/P Sadacharam Universiti Sains Malaysia
Karam Damesh Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kavitha Ganesan Universiti Malaysia Sabah
A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 33
Li Qingyun Universiti Sains Malaysia
Liu Li Universiti Sains Malaysia
Liu Lifang Universiti Sains Malaysia
Malini Ganapathy Universiti Sains Malaysia
Marlina Jamal Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mohamed Abdou Moindjie Universiti Sains Malaysia
Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi Universiti Sains Malaysia
Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan Abdullah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Naciye Kunt Eastern Mediterranean University, Turkey
Nur Ain Nasuha Anuar Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nursyaheedah Binti Muhammad Isa University of Warwick, United Kingdom
Paramaswari Jaganathan Universiti Sains Malaysia
Sabrina Melissa Aripen Universiti Malaya
Salasiah Che Lah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Samah Yaslam Saleh Baagbah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma Universiti Sains Malaysia
Siti Sara Binti Zainal Abidin Universiti Sains Malaysia
Thuraya Ahmad Universiti Sains Malaysia
Tingting Su Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ummu Salmah Rahamatullah Universiti Sains Malaysia
Ungku Khairunnisa Bt Ungku Mohd Nordin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Xian Zhong A P C L G . 2 0 2 2 | 34
Xuanying Kuang
Yajing Yang Universiti Sains Malaysia
Yan Da Universiti Malaya
Zhang Jing Universiti Sains Malaysia
Zhang Qing Universiti Sains Malaysia
Zhang Xuan Universiti Sains Malaysia
Zulfati Izazi Zulkifli Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South
Korea
CREDITS
PATRON
Professor Dato' Dr. Faisal Rafiq Mahamd Adikan
Vice-Chancellor, USM
ADVISOR
Professor Dr. Salasiah Che Lah
Dean
School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, USM
CO-ADVISOR
Dr. Debbita Tan Ai Lin
CONVENOR
Dr. Farhana Abdul Fatah
SECRETARY
Dr. Marlina Jamal
TREASURER AND FINANCE
Ms. Tasnim Meera Mohaideen
COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONSS
Ms. Ummu Salmah Rahmatullah (Head)
Dr. Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi
Ms. Geetha Munusamy
Ms. Gan Pek Har
EDITORIAL
Dr. Malini Ganapathy (Head)
Content Review
Dr. Anne Rowena David
Dr. Debbita Tan Ai Lin
Dr. Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi
Dr. Shaidatul Akma Adi Kasuma
Language Review
Dr. Lee Bee Choo
Ms. Mazlina Baharudin
Ms. Jayanthi Muniandy
Ms. Subathira Devi Ramaya @ Ramiah
Ms. Vivian Chee Pei Wei
SECRETARIAT
Ms. Hanizza Mohamad Sani
PROGRAMME HANDBOOK
Ms. Maryam Hamzah (Head)
Ms. Cheah Ishuet
Ms. Chong Jui Jong
Ms. Nadia Roselilyana Noordin
Ms. Tan Xiaoyeen
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Ms. Azlina Md Sadik (Head)
Mr. Azril Ali
Mr. Mohamad Fuad Che Din
Ms. Nur Amirah Abdul Aziz
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Chairperson and Organising Committee of the 1st Asia Pacific Conference on Language and Gender
2022 wish to express their appreciation to the following online publications for the support and contribution
towards the success of the conference:
END OF BOOK
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