Types of Fission Types of Fission (Cleavage) Homolytic Fission symmetrical cleavage Heterolytic Fission Unsymmetrical cleavage → 2 shared e- are split equally → breaking of a covalent bond in which both eremain on one of the atoms
Types of Reagents Electrophiles • “electron loving” • Attracted to the region of high electron density • Electron poor species • Cations or molecules with e- deficient atom • Ex: H+ , NO2 + , Cl2 , AlCl3 , BF3 Nucleophiles • “nucleus loving” • Attracted to the region of low electron density • Electron rich species • Anions or molecules that have lone pair • Ex: OH- , C=C ,:NH3 Free Radical • Species with unpaired valence electron • Ex: Cl• , H•
Types of Reactions • 2 molecules react to give 1 product only • Unsaturated→ saturated Addition • Single reactant splits into 2 products • Saturated → unsaturated Elimination • A group of atom is replaced by another Substitution • Loss of H and gain of O • Use oxidizing agent such as KMnO4 or K2Cr Oxidation 2O7 • Loss of O and gain of H Reduction • Use reducing agent such as LiAlH4 or NaBH4
So now, it’s time for us to apply the knowledge of the introductory part into each organic compounds discussion….