Latihan Sistem Respirasi Manusia dan Haiwan PKPP

Latihan Sistem Respirasi Dalam Manusia dan Haiwan

Tarikh : 18/6/2020 – 25/6/2020

Nama: ………………………………………………………………………………………
Tinngkatan :……………………………………………………………………………….
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dengan menaip dan hantarkan pada saya jawapan anda melalui email atau whatsapp. Manakala bagi
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bagi tingkatan empat nanti.

1. Diagram 3.1 shows the structure of a human respiratory system.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu struktur sistem respirasi manusia.

(a) (i) What is structure M found in the inner wall of the trachea?
Apakah struktur M yang dijumpai pada dinding dalam trakea?

____________________________________________________________________________
[1 marks] / [1 markah]

(ii) State the function of M stated in (a)(i).
Nyatakan fungsi M yang dinyatakan di (a)(i)

____________________________________________________________________________ .
[1 marks] / [1 markah]

(b) (i) Name of the structure N.
Namakan struktur N.

____________________________________________________________________________
[1 marks] / [1 markah]

(ii) State the two sets of muscles that control the movement of structure N.
Nyatakan dua set otot yang mengawal pergerakan struktur N.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

[2marks] / [2 markah]
(c) Diagram 3.2 shows a model of the rib cage.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu model tulang rusuk.

(i) Name the structure represented by X .
Namakan struktur yang diwakili oleh X
____________________________________________________________________________

[1 marks] / [1 markah]
(ii) Explain the role of W and X, Y during inhalation.
Terangkan peranan W, X, dan Y menjalankan fungsi masing masing semasa proses menarik nafas.
____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] / [3 markah]

(d) Read the statement below

Baca pernyataan di bawah

The ribs of the kid are not easily broken because their ribs are more flexible and stronger than adults.
The risk of broken ribs often occurs among adults aged 50 and above.
Tulang rusuk kanak kanak tidak mudah patah kerana tulang rusuk mereka lebih lentur dan kuat
berbanding orang dewasa.Kejadian tulang rusuk patah kerap berlaku dalam kalangan orang dewasa
yang berumur 50 tahun dan keatas

(i) Based on the statement above,explain why the broken of the rib cage is easily happen among adult
aged 50 and above.

Berdasarkan penyataan di atas terangkan kenapa orang dewasa berumur 50 tahun ke atas mudah
mengalami tulang rusuk patah.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark] / [2 markah]

(ii) Predict what will happen if broken ribs are stabbed to the lungs.

Ramalkan apa yang akan terjadi jika tulang rusuk yang patah tertusuk paru paru.
____________________________________________________________________________

[1 marks] / [1 markah]

2. Rajah menunjukkan dua jenis organism X dan Y .

(a) Namakan organ respirasi bagi organism X dan Y ( 2markah )
X : _______________________________________________________
Y:_______________________________________________________

(b) (i) Lukis dan labelkan rajah untuk mengambarkan satu binaan dan penting struktur respirasi
organism Y.

( 2 markah )

(ii) Terangkan dua ciri penyesuaian pada struktur organisma Y untuk membolehkan proses pertukaran
gas yang cekap .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

( 2 markah )
(c) Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara sistem respirasi manusia dengan organism X.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

(1 markah )
(d) Terangkan mekanisma menarik nafas organism X
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

( 3 markah )
e) Terangkan mengapa pertukaran gas menjadi kurang efisien bagi pesakit yang menghidap penyakit
emfisema.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

(2 markah )
3. Diagram 3.1 represents a model of the human lungs in the respiratory mechanism.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan model yang mewakili peparu manusia dalam mekanisma
pernafasan.

Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1

(a) Based on the model of the lungs in Diagram , what are the equivalent structures
to the glass tube and the bell jar in the human respiratory system?
Berdasarkan model peparu dalam Rajah , apakah struktur setara antara salur
kaca dan serkup kaca dalam sistem pernafasan manusia?

Glass tube/ salur kaca:

……………………………………………………………………………………....................

Bell jar/ serkup kaca

……………………………………………………………………………………….................
[2 m]

(b)(i) The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the human respiratory system.
What is the function of the thin rubber sheet in the model of the lungs?
Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diaphragm dalam sistem pernafasan manusia.
Apakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 m]

(ii) The balloons represent the human lungs.
Explain one characteristic of the balloons which is similar to the human lungs.
Belon-belon mewakili peparu manusia.
Jelaskan satu ciri belon yang menyamai peparu manusia.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2m]

The strings in the model of the lungs is pulled down.
Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloons in Diagram 3.2 below.

Tali dalam model peparu ditarik ke bawah.
Lukiskan perubahan kepada kepingan getah nipis dan belon-belon dalam Rajah 3.2

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2

[1 m]

(ii) Observe your drawing in (c)(i).
Explain the relationship between the changes in the model of the lungs you have
drawn and the real human respiratory system.

Perhatikan lukisan anda di (c)(i).
Huraikan perkaitan antara perubahan-perubahan dalam model peparu yang anda
lukis dengan sistem pernafasan manusia yang sebenarnya.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………..……………………………………………
[3 m]

(d)

Table 3.3 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expired air.
Jadual 3.3 menunjukkan keputusan kajian ke atas kandungan udara sedutan dan
udara hembusan.

Type of gas Inspired gas/% Expired gas / %
Jenis gas Udara sedutan / % Udara hembusan/ %
Oxygen
Oksigen 21.0 16.0

Carbon dioxide 0.04 4.0
Karbon dioksida
78.0 78.0
Nitrogen gas
Gas nitrogen

Water vapour Vary Saturated
Wap air Berubah-ubah Tepu
Table 3.3/ Jadual 3.3

Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air.
Jelaskan mengapa terdapat pertambahan peratusan karbon dioksida dalam udara
hembusan?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

.……………………………………………………………………………………………........
[3 m]

4. Diagram shows human respiratory system.
Rajah menunjukkan sistem respirasi manusia

P
Q
S
R

(a) Label the structure P, Q and R.
Labelkan struktur P,Q dan R

[2m]

(b)(i) What happen to structure labelled Q and R during when we inhale air?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q dan R apabila kita menarik nafas?

Q : .................................................................................................................................

R : .................................................................................................................................
[2m]

(ii) What is the effect of the activity in (b)(i) to the thoracic cavity?
Apakah kesan ke atas rongga toraks apabila keadaan di (b)(i) berlaku?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….........

.......................................................................................................................................

[2 m]

(c)(i) Inhalation air enter S. Name S.
Udara yang disedut berkumpul di S.
Namakan S.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1m]

(ii) Draw the arrow to show direction of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving during gases
exchange.
Lukiskan pada rajah di bawah arah pergerakan oksigen dan karbon dioksida
semasa proses pertukaran gas.

[1m]
(iii) State one characteristic of S to enable the process of gases exchange take place

efficiently.
Berikan SATU ciri struktur S yang membolehkan gas melaluinya
dengan cekap
.......................................................................................................................................

[1m]
(d) Explain how oxygen in the blood transport to all body cell.

Terangkan bagaimana oksigen yang berada di dalam darah diangkut ke semua sel
tubuh.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[3m]

5. Diagram 5 shows concentration of substance Y in student’s blood during and after
vigorous activity
Rajah 5 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan Y dalam darah seorang pelajar semasa dan
selepas melakukan senaman cergas.

Diagram 5
(a)(i) Name substance Y.

Namakan bahan Y
…….…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1m]
(ii) Name type of fermentation process which caused accumulation of substance Y in the

muscle cells of the student.
Nyatakan jenis fermentasi yang menyebabkan bahan Y terkumpul di dalam sel-sel
otot pelajar tersebut.
….……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1m]
(iii) Explain how substance Y produce from the process you named in (a)(ii).

Terangkan bagaimana bahan Y terhasil daripada jenis fermentasi yang anda
nyatakan di (a)(ii).

..………………………………………………………………………………………………..
..………………………………………………………………………………………………

..………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2m]

(b) Based on the graph above, explain what happen to oxygen intake along time taken
P and Q.
Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 5, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada pengambilan
oksigen di sepanjang tempoh P dan Q ?

P :..……………………………………………………………………………………………...
..……………………………………………………………………………………………….

..……………………………………………………………………………………………….

[2m]
Q: ...………………………………………………………………………………………….…
…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2m]

(c)(i) The process you named in (a)(ii) also can take place in yeast.
State one difference between both process
Proses yang anda nyatakan dalam (a)(ii) juga berlaku dalam yis.
Berikan satu perbezaan antara kedua-dua proses.

…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1m]

(ii) Yeast needed in food industry. Explain the statement.
Yis diperlukan dalam industri makanan.Terangkan pernyataan tersebut.

…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……..……………………………………………………………………………………………

…..……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……..……………………………………………………………………………………………

[3m]

SECTION B

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga

(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.

Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan [4 marks]

(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change in the environment,
the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide. Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and
the energy production.

Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkan perubahan dalam

persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida. Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin

memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafas dan penghasilan tenaga . [6 marks]

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous exercise of an
athlete.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepas satu latihan intensif
seorang atlit.

(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous exercise.
Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasa latihan tersebut.

[4 marks]
(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th minute.
Terangkan bagaiman pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asal selepas minit ke 25

[6 marks]

7. Diagram 7 shows the three types of organisms which have different respiration systems.
Diagram 7 menunjukkan 3 jenis organism yang mempunyai sistem respirasi yang berbeza.

Diagram 7

(a) Explain how the adaptation of the respiratory systems of organism R prevents it from collapsing,
when the air pressure drops.
Terangkan bagaimana adaptasi sistem respirasi organism R dapat mencegah dari kempis apabila
tekanan udara berkurang.

[4 marks]

(b) Describe how the respiratory structures of R and Q were adapted to increase the efficiency of
gaseous exchange.
Huraikan bagaimana struktur respirasi R dan Q disesuaikan bagi menambah kecekapan pertukaran gas.

[6 marks]
(c) Explain the similarities and differences of respiratory systems between organism’s P and Q.
Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan sistem respirasi antara organism P dan Q.

[10 marks]

8. (a) Diagram 2.2(a) shows the structure and respiratory surface of a grasshopper and diagram 2.2(b)
shows the structure and respiratory surface of a human being.
Rajah 2.2 (a) menunjukkan struktur dan permukaan respirasi bagi belalang dan rajah 2.2 (b)
menunjukkan struktur dan permukaan respirasi bagi manusia.
(i) Explain two similar characteristics of a tracheole and an alveolus in increasing the efficiency of
gaseous exchange.
Terangkan 2 ciri-ciri persamaan pada trakeol dan alveolus dalam meningkatkan kecekapan pertukaran
gas [4 marks/ 4 markah ]

(ii) Explain how body cells of an insect obtain oxygen from the air.
Terangkan bagaimana sel badan bagi serangga mendapatkan oksigen dari udara.

[6 marks/ 6 markah ]
(c )

Diagram 2.3 shows how carbon dioxide is transported in human blood in a form of bicarbonate ions
(HCO3-).
Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan bagaimana karbon dioksida diangkut dalam darah manusia dalam bentuk ion
bikarbonat (HCO3-).

Based on Diagram 2.3 explain the transport of carbon dioxide in a form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in
human blood.
Berdasarkan rajah 2.3 terangkan pengangkutan karbon dioksida dalam bentuk ion bikarbonat (HCO3-)
dalam darah manusia.

[10 marks/ 10 markah ]

Mr.X Mr.Y

Diagram 9.1

9. Diagram 9.1 shows two individuals, Mr. X and Mr.Y, in two different situations.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan 2 individu , Encik X dan Encik Y , dalam dua situasi berbeza.

(a)(i) Based on information given in Diagram 9.1, explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in
individual Mr. X and Mr.Y.

Berdasarkan informasi diberi pada rajah 9.1, huraikan jenis respirasi sel yang berlaku pada individu Mr.X
dan Mr.Y

[8 marks/8 markah ]

(ii) After completed the event, individual X experienced pain due to leg muscle fatigue. He then carries
out the following actions:

Selepas selesai acara, individu Mr.X mengalami rasa sakit disebabkan kelesuan otot. Beliau
kemudiannya menjalankan tindakan berikut :

• Wears a track suit / Memakai pakaian trek lengkap

• Takes a few long breaths / Menarik nafas dengan panjang

• Walks freely as a ‘cooling down’ activity./ berjalan bebas aktiviti ‘cooling down’

Explain why the individual Mr. X carries out these action .

Terangkan mengapakah indivi Mr.X melakukan semua tindakan di atas.

[6 marks/6 markah ]

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows how a frog carries out inhalation.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan bagaimana katak menarik nafas.

Diagram 9.2

Explain the inhalation process in the frog . [4 marks/ 4markah ]
Terangkan mekanisme proses tarikan nafas bagi katak.

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