euRoPe
Cinovec receives
major Czech
The historic tin processing plant at Cinovec. European Metals
has attracted strong support from local communities eager to
see the mining heritage reinvigorated sign-off
new, interconnected partner and a ing that business and being involved in he said. “Other than that, it is about nar-
A preliminary mining licence have giv- the building of a battery factory in the rowing the parameters and getting cer-
en European Metal Holdings Ltd a shot country.” tainty around the project. When we con-
in the arm ahead of a big 12 months at The deal saw CEZ pay €29.1 million clude the DFS it will be accompanied by
its Cinovec lithium project in Czech Re- for a 51% share in Geomet, European process guarantees and I believe partial
public. Metals’ in-country subsidiary which debt funding as a part of the DFS pack-
In quick succession in late April, Euro- holds 100% of Cinovec. age.”
pean Metals announced a major project Coughlan said the arrival of CEZ With CEZ’s influence and a conti-
investment by Czech state power utility would give added heft to Cinovec project nent-wide push to embrace e-mobility,
CEZ and the award of a preliminary min- financing discussions. Coughlan is confident Cinovec will be
ing permit for Cinovec from the Czech “They are not only a strong financial funded with European money.
authorities. partner, they are very well connected “The EU is strongly supporting an
Managing director Keith Coughlan in the region and are also a potential EV future. This is easily seen through
said the deal with CEZ delivered not offtaker for the project,” he said. “There a number of grants already made and a
only a cash injection but also opened is a great deal of interest in the EU over number of large developments, building
new doors for the ASX-listed junior. securing supply chains for battery miner- battery factories and we are in a good
“We’ve thought for a few years that we als and this is one of the reasons CEZ position to benefit from that as well,” he
needed a strategic partner to develop the is such a good partner; banging on a said.
project,” Coughlan explained to Paydirt door alongside a group of CEZ’s stand- “It’s not just the European develop-
TV. “Any junior in a commodity like lithi- ing means we get a much better hearing ment banks but the EU itself which is
um – where there is no tradeable market than would a Perth-based junior resource strongly supporting the establishment of
– needs to consider at what stage of a developer.” the European battery industry through
project they get a big partner involved. The €29.1 million cash injection would the EU Battery Alliance. We are in con-
You either need an offtaker signed up be sufficient to see Cinovec through tact with that group and the EU directly.
and bankable or a financial partner. Or, a DFS – European Metals released a “I believe we will be in a strong position
as in our case, a company that offers second PFS in 2019 – and to a decision- to seek and receive some grant money
both of those things.” to-mine. The Australian company will and/or soft debt for the project and some
Based in Czech Republic, CEZ is a continue to manage the project until a funding through export credit agencies.
leading Central European power compa- development decision is made. If we can build a reasonable portion of
ny with interests in nine countries span- “We will continue to manage the DFS that into our overall debt requirement it
ning power generation, distribution and and FEED studies, albeit with strong means the commercial debt balance will
sales as well as gas and coal produc- input from CEZ,” Coughlan said. “The be on better terms which then assists
tion. The company is 70%-owned by the agreed budget and plan utilises the with securing the equity part of the ticket
Czech Government with the remaining majority of that money and there is suf- as well.”
shares traded on the Prague and War- ficient funds to take us through to deci- Coronavirus has stymied econom-
saw stock exchanges. sion to construct. The DFS will begin ic growth throughout the world but
Coughlan said CEZ was increasingly almost immediately. We’ve been in con- Coughlan believes the pandemic has re-
turning to renewable and green energy versation with the consultants which will inforced the need for Europe to stabilise
solutions in keeping with a general trend run the parts of the DFS and should be its EV supply chains which currently rely
among European power producers. in a position to announce those consult- heavily on China.
“Its history is in coal mining and power ants in the next few weeks.” “The EU has stated that sourcing raw
generation and distribution throughout European Metals has already investi- materials within the region is a priority
the region, but they are looking to move gated lithium hydroxide and carbonate and COVID-19 has led to a greater focus
away from fossil fuels,” he said. “They products in PFS work and Coughlan said on local supply chains,” he said. “There
own the largest onshore windfarm in a preferred flowsheet would be identified will be less cars made this year, but a
Europe, in Romania and have interests over the next few months. number of manufacturers have said they
in a number of other windfarms, hydro- “The DFS will focus on one of those won’t reduce their EV targets. So, there
electric projects and other green energy product streams and that decision will is no change in the commitment to a bat-
technologies. They also own the high- be finalised as we progress discussions tery industry and an EV industry, it is just
est number of EV charging stations in with offtakers and define which of those that things have slowed up a little.”
Czech Republic and aspire to expand- products is most desired in the region,”
– Dominic Piper
aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT JUNe 2020 Page 51
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED
Soluna set to power
Browns Range
Lithium Australia NL’s energy storage
division – Soluna Australia – is collabo-
rating with heavy rare earths producer
Northern Minerals Ltd to develop a re-
newable energy and battery storage fa-
cility for the Browns Range mining camp
in Western Australia’s East Kimberley
region.
Browns Range is typical of many re-
mote mining operations in that both the
accommodation camp and processing
plant are reliant on diesel for power gen-
eration. Soluna and Northern Minerals
are working on a plan to reduce the car-
bon footprint of the entire facility, initially
by lowering the operating and mainte-
nance costs associated with diesel power
generation.
Under the letter of intent signed be-
tween the two companies, Soluna will
provide the necessary expertise, as well NPE has delivered a brand-new Cat 994K wheel loader to Rio Tinto’s Marandoo
as the photovoltaic power generator and mine site in the Pilbara
energy storage system (ESS) in the form
of lithium ion battery packs designed spe- manufacturing/synthesising of zeolites.
cifically for that application. The purpose of the research agree- Rio Tinto wins race for
The next shipment of Soluna’s suite of ment is to expand the understanding of in-demand Cat
modular, rack-mounted ESS products is the mineral processes and apply these to
due to arrive in Australia during Septem- deliver successful piloting outcomes. In Rio Tinto Ltd’s Marandoo operation
ber. These are set to provide the lithium doing so, both companies hope to gener- in the Pilbara has become the first mine
ion battery power storage solution re- ate continuous samples of a commercial- site to secure rental of a brand new Cat
quired for Browns Range. grade zeolite product. 994K wheel loader from National Plant &
While Soluna’s initial analysis will focus UQ has developed a novel approach to Equipment (NPE).
on energy use within the accommodation the production of synthetic zeolites which After arriving in Perth on February 17
camp, the goal longer term is to reduce are widely used in detergent and waste- from the Caterpillar manufacturing facil-
the use of fossil fuels across the entire water treatment applications. The 2019 ity in Illinois, US, the wheel loader was
operation. global synthetic zeolite market was esti- then pre-assembled by Westrac. From
mated at $US5.64 billion. there, the oversized load was disas-
Metalsearch agrees on Research from UQ has confirmed that sembled for transportation to the Pilbara
where final assembly took place on site
kaolin research plan kaolin from Metalsearch’s Abercorn pro- at Marandoo before being handed over
ject in Queensland is highly suitable feed-
stock for the process. to Rio Tinto early last month.
Metalsearch Ltd has executed a re- Cat large loaders are widely renowned
search agreement with The University of The research agreement follows the for being “top of their class” due to their
Queensland (UQ) for the continued re- execution of an exclusive worldwide li- sheer size and durability. The 994K has
search and development of patent-pend- cence agreement in April from UniQuest, net power of 1,297kW, an operating
ing mineral processing technology for the UQ’s technology transfer company. weight of more than 240t and a bucket
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Page 52 JUNe 2020 aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT
capacity range of 19.1-24.5 cubic metres ing test work,” he said.
for hard rock conditions. It is the largest “Undertaking screen-
wheel loader currently manufactured by ing in the preparation
Caterpillar. stage of the particle sort-
“We are thrilled to be the first rental ing process will enable
company in Australia to own a Cat 994K analysis and separation
wheel loader,” NPE business develop- of the fine or coarse frac-
ment manager Craig Binstead said. “Eve- tions of a rock mass.”
rybody in the mining industry knows how The ISPS study forms
robust and durable these loaders are, so part of the CRC ORE
we are very happy to be adding one to our Grade Engineering
extensive fleet.” programme, which is
focused on extracting
Sandvik unveils latest metal more efficiently
by separating ore from
screen offering waste before it enters
comminution. Current in-
Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology has dustry perception is that
introduced its latest innovative screening so- declining feed grade is
lution for mining and quarrying applications. an unavoidable conse-
Peak Screening offers a complete pack- quence of ore deposit
age of screens, screen media, aftermarket geology and mass min-
parts and services designed to maximise ing technologies for in-
the productivity of every square metre of a BHP, Norton Gold Fields and Saracen are all contributing creasingly mature min-
screening operation. towards a study on the integration of screening and ing operations.
Sandvik’s screening equipment, screen- particle sorting techniques
ing media and services are configured to
work optimally with each other to ensure the Sorting Collaborative (ISPS) study aims to
screening operation is as productive as pos- develop a robust and scientifically rigorous South32 flying high
sible, with support from Sandvik’s product framework for collecting, testing and report- with Alliance
specialists to help configure, optimise, trou- ing results for integrated screening and par-
bleshoot and support the operation. ticle sorting techniques in a variety of ore Alliance Aviation Services Ltd will con-
Three new ranges of maintenance friend- domains. tinue to fly South32 Ltd employees to the
ly, high performing, modular screens were The study, comprising work at the Cliffs Cannington and GEMCO mine sites until
developed to be more versatile, more relia- (BHP), Paddington (Norton) and Carosue at least 2030.
ble, faster to get on-site and safer to operate. Dam (Saracen) operations in Western Aus- A new 10-year airline services con-
The screens all come fitted with Sandvik’s tralia, has been under way since August tract was struck last month. Alliance has
high quality screening media as standard. 2019. It is expected the study will further ex- been providing charter services to both
pand during its 15-month tenure to include mines from Queensland bases such as
Big names support an additional two sites. Townsville, Cairns and Brisbane since
Dr Laurence Dyer, CRC ORE ISPS study
2006.
ISPS study programme manager and discipline lead of Alliance chief executive Lee Schofield
metallurgical engineering at Curtin Univer- said the contract would further establish
A collaborative study involving BHP Ltd, sity’s WA School of Mines, said it was pos- the company’s presence in the Northern
Norton Gold Fields Pty Ltd and Saracen sible to use particle sorting to upgrade ores. Territory with the addition of a Darwin
Mineral Holdings Ltd on the integration of “What commonly fails to be taken into charter flight.
screening and particle sorting techniques is consideration is the benefit of first assess- Based on the new contract terms, Alli-
set to deliver benefits across the resources ing the natural deportment of metal to a size ance is expected to fly a minimum of 35
sector. fraction through grade-by-size screening sectors per week.
The Integrated Screening and Particle test work, prior to undertaking particle sort-
NUCLEUS
+27 (0)10 593 0509 [email protected] www.nucleusml.co.za
aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT JUNe 2020 Page 53
DRILL BITS www.capdrill.com www.capdrill.com
Staveley speaks
to the rocks
Resource drilling at Stavely Minerals
Ltd’s shallow high-grade copper-gold dis-
covery at the Thursday’s Gossan prospect
remains ongoing, with an intensive drill-out
focused on the south-eastern end of the
1.5km-long discovery zone.
Infill and step-out drilling was continu-
ing at the time of print based on a roughly
40m x 40m drilling grid, with the company
reporting the drill-out is already over 50%
complete at the Cayley Lode and an inter-
im resource expected later this year.
In the meantime, very broad copper-gold Stavely aims to have an interim resource on the Cayley Lode in 2020
mineralised intercepts and good widths of
high-grades have been reported in the FERC284 now contains three gold
latest drilling, while mineralisation inter- zones, one with exceptional high grade Carawine sees
sected beneath the low angle structure in gold mineralisation – 13m @ 2.5 g/t from significance in Hill 800
SMD085, 300m further to the south-east, 70m, 25m @ 23 g/t from 99m (including
extended the Cayley Lode strike to 1.5km. 11m @ 48.2 g/t and 3m @ 160.6 g/t) and Carawine Resources Ltd has reported
Stavely’s success at Cayley Lode cer- 7m @ 8.8 g/t from 161m to end of hole. extending mineralisation, with increased
tainly attracted market-wide attention to- gold grades from drilling at its copper-gold
wards the end of 2019 and soon enough Hill 800 prospect at the Jamieson project,
it could be welcoming a new neighbour to Dart to hit Buckland north-east Victoria.
the hood with Battery Minerals Ltd signing Steven Groves has been appointed Assay results from hole H8DD022, tar-
two binding agreements to acquire 100% head of exploration at Dart Mining NL geting the down-dip and southern strike
of Gippsland Prospecting Pty Ltd, which as the company gears up for phase one extent of Hill 800 mineralisation, returned
has the right to apply for an exploration li- drilling at the Buckland gold project, 67m @ 2.94 g/t gold, 0.1% copper from
cence immediately adjacent to Thursday’s 200km north-east of Melbourne. 231m (including 48m @ 0.89 g/t, 0.1% from
Gossan. The company has identified multiple 231m using 0.3 g/t cut-off) and 11m @ 13.9
Known as Block 4, the tenement covers drilling targets confirming Dart’s belief g/t, 0.2% from 287m, using a 0.3 g/t cut-off
809sq km and hosts the historic Moyston that the Buckland Valley has excellent (including 2m @ 74.8 g/t, 0.4% from 290m,
gold mine, which produced 75,000oz gold potential to host large-scale shear-host- using 1 g/t cut-off).
@ 22 g/t. The exploration licence is also ed mineralisation. Carawine managing director David
7km from the 5moz Stawell gold mine. Further focused chip and soil sam- Boyd said the exceptional gold and copper
pling across promising prospects were grades in H8DD022 have improved the Hill
800 deposit both in terms of size and grade,
Catalyst fired up to continue ahead of drilling, with addi- further establishing the potential for Hill 800
tional chip sampling across the strike of
Fire assays proved a boon for Catalyst prospective structures, in particular the to be a significant deposit.
Metals Ltd at the Four Eagles project within Motor, Redjacket, beneath Harp of Erin, “Hill 800 remains open to the south, and
Victoria’s Whitelaw Gold Belt. and Samson workings to be continued, at depth, with these latest results establish-
Two intervals of about 100 g/t gold in drill and supplemented by a soil sampling ing a zone of extremely high gold grades
hole FERC284 at Boyd’s Dam were re- programme. within a broad, lower grade gold-copper
assayed with results of 275 g/t and 119 g/t mineralised system. We will now com-
recorded. mence further technical studies including
Complete Mining Services
Providing a full range of exploration drilling and mine site services including grade
control and blast hole drilling, shot firing and load and haul services across Africa.
[email protected] | www.capdrill.com
Page 54 JUNe 2020 aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT
www.capdrill.com www.capdrill.com
petrology, multi-element geochemistry and the 1.6km discovery area, with the company Chalice Gold Mines Ltd’s $30 million capital
three-dimensional modelling to evaluate reporting gold mineralisation had expanded raising for upcoming drilling at the Julimar
the next steps for Hill 800, which may in- beyond 300m depth and remains open down nickel-copper-PGE project, near Perth, and
clude additional extensional drilling and/or plunge to the south. whoever participated will get the added bo-
deeper drilling to search for its interpreted Highlights from the programme (not true nus of the company’s ongoing exploration
porphyry source,” Boyd said. widths) included 7.7m @ 5.6 g/t gold from efforts at Pyramid Hill in Victoria.
141.8m and 3.9m @ 4.4 g/t from 154.8m Chalice had two diamond rigs drilling at
Navarre gets a resolution within a broader zone of 18.7m @ 3.4 g/t; the Pyramid Hill gold project, which covers
2.5m @ 6.1 g/t from 373.2m and 2.4m @ 6
about 60% of the northern Bendigo zone, at
from diamond g/t from 428.5m; 2.6m @ 5.5 g/t from 301.9m the time of print with exploration results ex-
(including a few specks of visible gold); 2.4m pected soon.
Navarre Minerals Ltd reported results @ 4.4 g/t from 293.7m; and 3.1m @ 3.1 g/t Meanwhile, Chalice will forge ahead with
from the first eight diamond holes from from 204.3m. RC and diamond drilling to test the full ex-
an ongoing drilling programme testing for tent of the 1.6km long x 0.7km wide miner-
depth extensions to shallow gold discov- alised system ahead of a potential maiden
ered in aircore drilling at Resolution Lode at Chalice well spread resource, while preliminary metallurgical
the Stawell Corridor gold project. across borders testwork, initial mining, processing, environ-
The results are from Navarre’s first signif- mental and economic scoping studies are
icant diamond drilling campaign testing for Major institutional and sophisticated in- also part of the plan. Chalice reported that
potential economic mineralisation beneath vestors were overwhelmingly supportive of firm commitments in excess of $75 million
were received for the raise, such is the ex-
citement right now at Julimar.
Kalamazoo gets going
at Castlemaine
Kalamazoo Resources Ltd has complet-
ed a maiden diamond drilling programme
at the first of 10 targets at the Castlemaine
gold project in the Bendigo Zone.
A total of 14 diamond holes for 4,947.6m
were drilled at the Mustang prospect, as
the company’s focus now moves to its
other high priority prospects for drilling, with
6,000m planned for the remainder of 2020.
The company is also looking to increase
its tenure at Castlemaine and has applied
for a new exploration licence adjacent to the
Taradale Fault and Bell Topper Hill project
Meanwhile, as part of its collaborative
CSIRO-led project, a major regional scale
UltraFine+TM multi-element soil geochem-
istry sampling programme involving 3,500-
4,000 samples across its Castlemaine,
South Muckleford and Tarnagulla Central
gold projects had started.
Navarre reported visible gold from diamond drilling at Resolution Lode, Stawell
Corridor project, Victoria
Complete Mining Services
Providing a full range of exploration drilling and mine site services including grade
control and blast hole drilling, shot firing and load and haul services across Africa.
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aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT JUNe 2020 Page 55
comInGs AnD GoInGs
tive director of AVZ Minerals anya Alkadamani and atthew Bull has resigned
Ltd. Chen was a nominee of RKatharina Gerber are Mas a director of Castillo
Huayou Cobalt Group which the latest additions to the Copper Ltd after accepting a
provided early financial sup- Vulcan Energy Resources full-time executive position with
port to the company’s Manono Ltd board as non-executive a UK-based group and con-
lithium project in the DRC. directors. Alkadamani was ceding he would not be able to
previously strategic commu- devote the necessary time re-
arpentaria Resources Ltd nications and external affairs quired to fulfil his fiduciary ob-
Chas appointed Peter Gra- director for Andrew Forrest’s ligations. The company is not
ham as non-executive chair- Minderoo Foundation, press immediately seeking a replace-
man following the retirement secretary to former Austral- ment board member.
of Jon Parker last month. ian Prime Minister Hon Kevin
Rudd (during his time as Aus- olt Resources Ltd has
an Poole will start at Aure- tralian Foreign Affairs Minis- Vpromoted chief executive
Ilia Metals Ltd’s new chief fi- ter) and a spokesperson for Trevor Matthews to the role of
Fiona Robertson nancial officer and company the Australian Department managing director, while Ste-
secretary in early FY2021, re- of Foreign Affairs and Trade. phen Hunt has resigned as a
ellevue Gold Ltd has ap- placing Tim Churcher. Poole Gerber, who was awarded her non-executive director.
Bpointed Fiona Robertson recently held the same posi- chemistry PhD on cathode
and Shannon Coates as non- tions at Stanmore Coal Ltd materials for lithium-ion bat- avid Palumbo has been
executive directors. Robert- following stints with Sedgman teries with great distinction, Dappointed joint company
son has more than 40 years Ltd and Rio Tinto Coal Aus- is currently a project leader secretary of Anova Metals
of experience in corporate tralia Ltd. at the California Energy Com- Ltd. A chartered accountant
finance, including 30 years mission and participates in with Mining Corporate Pty
working with emerging and trum Coal Ltd has ap- multiple interagency working Ltd, Palumbo also sits on the
mid-tier resources companies Apointed Andrew Caruso groups, including the Califor- boards of ASX-listed explorers
as a banker, chief financial of- as its new chief executive. He nia Lithium Valley initiative. Krakatoa Resources Ltd and
ficer and non-executive direc- replaces Max Wang, who has Kaiser Reef Ltd.
tor. Coates has more than 25 transitioned out of the Atrum
years’ experience in corpo- business following comple- eremy Read and Doug
rate law and compliance and tion of the Elan project scop- JMenzies have been ap-
is currently company sec- ing study. pointed to the board of Godol-
retary for a number of ASX- phin Resources Ltd, replacing
listed companies, including obert Thomson will step Mark Sykes and Andrew Stew-
Mincor Resources Ltd and Rdown as Theta Gold art, who were instrumental in
Tesoro Resources Ltd. Mines Ltd’s managing direc- assisting the company with its
tor on August 5, but will re- recent IPO and ASX listing.
main on the company’s board
as a non-executive director. rent Smoothy and Mark
Project activities in South Af- BSawyer have been added
rica are expected to continue to the board of Kalium Lakes
uninterrupted under the lead- Ltd. Smoothy is a co-founder
ership of site-based chief ex- Carl Spandler and major shareholder of the
ecutive George Jenkins. he University of Adelaide potash-focused company,
Thas appointed Dr Carl while UK-based Sawyer is
ert Capital Pty Ltd man- Spandler as Associate Pro- co-founder of another major
Vaging director Petar To- fessor of Critical Minerals, as shareholder in Greenstone
Shannon Coates masevic has been appointed part of its ambition to elevate Resources. Following these
to the board of GTI Resourc- its research performance in appointments, Rudolph van
im Malone has been ap- es Ltd following the resigna- multiple fields that have tan- Niekerk tendered his resigna-
Jpointed a non-executive tion of Murray McDonald. The gible outputs of global signifi- tion as an executive director,
director of Jadar Resources company said the change cance. but will continue as the compa-
Ltd. Before starting in the re- was in line with its strategy to ny’s chief development officer.
sources industry and found- focus on its US uranium port- avenport Resources Ltd
ing Latin Gold in 2011, he folio, having recently satisfied Dhas begun the search for a ally Langer has joined
worked as an accountant, expenditure commitments on new chairman to drive the com- SSaracen Mineral Holdings
financial analyst and stock- its West Australian gold as- pany’s next phase of growth, Ltd as an independent non-
broker prior to becoming a sets. including attracting a develop- executive director. The Perth-
marketing executive for the ment partner of its Europe- based human resources and
West Coast Eagles and Rich- atina Law has joined DGO based potash asset. Pat Mc- accounting executive recently
mond football clubs. Malone KGold Ltd as a non-execu- Manus has formally stepped retired as managing director of
replaces Nicholas Sage who tive director. Law is currently down as chairman, but will management consulting and
has resigned to focus on oth- non-executive chair of Ardea continue as a non-executive di- executive recruitment firm Der-
er business interests. Resources Ltd and Yandal rector. Reinout Koopmans has went Executive. Langer was
Resources Ltd. been appointed interim chair- previously a director at Michael
ongliang Chen has re- man until a permanent replace- Page and a chartered account-
Hsigned as a non-execu- ment is found. ant for Arthur Anderson.
Page 56 JUNe 2020 aUSTRaLIa’S PaYDIRT
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1 + 1 = 99.9+ %
A different perspective on space-based
communications …
Aggregate Availability © 2020 Aurora Australis Network
Diverse Path We cordially invite you to contact us by phone or email so we can learn more about your project and requirements, and to discuss how our small team of the right people can bring a different perspective to your operations! Aurora Australis Network ABN 55 008 922 530 8/95 Canning Highway South Perth, 6151 Western Australia Tel: +61 8 6363 5030 Email: [email protected] Web: aurora.net.au
Primary Link through to The within ~3 your network, private vehicle whilst and IOT : Cost effective including systems the appropriate balance size and cost, link
Inherently diverse system design; 256kbps Link speeds from greater than 100Mbps; Comms on the Pause (COTP) : ability to “stop and prop”, and gain your network minutes via an auto-acquire antenna Comms on the Move (COTM) : The ability maintain access to even whilst moving on land, sea or air. With systems designed to handle up to 130km/h on land, extending a into a network directly on the move opens up new operational solutions
access to system; to possibilities; Telemetry selecting between
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make sense to spare without a remote sites are on a IP network, we figures reliability jointly the best possible outcome for also provide a communications and technologies, Western in with direct access to both Pacific and Region
A spare. It wouldn’t site to 4WD tyre; yet countless operating with just a single satellite link; when it stops, the whole site is affected. With so many core business systems and operational systems relying “always-on” strongly believe in the value of delivering a robust satellite comms architecture overall delivers that approach the mythical 100%. The use of two or more satellite systems, landing at different teleports and
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