अनुविनि गृृह पत्रिका

अनवु िवन गहृ पविका

जनिरी-मार्,च 2021

efgyk le`f) f‛k{kk _.k
;kstuk ;kstuk
Okksds‛kuy f‛k{kk
gfjr O;olk; vkSj izf‛k{k.k
_.k ;kstuk
;kstuk Ekfgyk vf/kdkfjrk
fe;knh _.k ;kstuk vkthfodk ekbØks
Qkbulsa ;kstuk
;kstuk ,u,l,QMhlh dh
;kstuk,¡ m|e fuf/k
LVSaM&vi ;kstuk
Yk?kq O;olk;
;kstuk ;kstuk

Yk?kq _.k

foRRk

LoPN m|eh

;kstuk

“f"V

^*xjhch js[kk ds nqxus ls de ij thou&;kiu djus okys vuqlwfpr tkfr ds
O;fä;ksa ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl ds ek/;e ls lqO;ofLFkr çdkj ls xjhch
dks de djus] pSuykbftax ,tsfa l;ksa vkSj vU; fodkl Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk çHkkoh]
mRrjnk;h vkSj lg;ksxkRed rjhds ls çeq[k mRçsjd ds :i esa dk;Z djukA^*

y{;

^*foRrh; lgk;rk ds çokg esa lq/kkj vkSj dkS'ky fodkl ,oa vU; uohu igyksa ds
ek/;e ls vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh le`f) dks c<+kus esa lgk;rk djukA^*

vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 1

विषय jpukdkj प.ृ स.ं

lan‛s k vizfu 03
laj{kd dh dye ls 04
laikndh; 05
,u,l,QMhlh dh ;kstuk,a 06

,u,l,QMhlh ds c<r+ s dne 07&16

oØrqaM egkdk; lw;dZ ksfV leçHk%A Lok/khurk laxzke dh egku foHkwfr;ksa dks ueu vkSj dksfV&dkfs V 17
fufoZ?ua d#q es nso lodZ k;s"Z kq lonZ k॥ oanu
18
vufq ofu xg` if=dk urs kth lqHkk’k panz cksl lqHkk’k pan 19&22
¼=eS kfld o’kZ % 02 vad% 02½ 23&24
fganh lkfgR;dkjksa dks fouez J)katfy
eq[; laj{kd 25&27
Jh jtuh'k dqekj tSuo fo‛okl ;kstuk 31&32
v/;{k&lg&çca/k funs'kd 33&35
vky[s k 36&38
laj{kd 39&41
Jh nsokuUn] vuqokn vpZuk esgjk
e[q ; egkçca/kd 42
dksjksuk & ,d ofS 'od egkekjh lqHkk’k pan
eq[; lykgdkj 28
lrdZ Hkkjr le`) Hkkjr fot; dqekj xqIrk 28
Jh lh- jes'k jko] e[q ; egkçca/kd 29
Jh jkts'k fogkjh] egkçca/kd fnYyh Mk;jh ¼yky fdyk½ fou; dqekj flag 30
30
e[q ; laiknd Hkkjr esa efgykvksa dh lkekftd vkSj ehuw pkSgku
Jherh vpuZ k egs jk] çca/kd dkuuw h fLFkfr 43
rukoeqDr thou gjh‛k jk;tknk 43&44
laiknd eMa y
Jh lqHkk"k pan] lgk;d egkçca/kd dkO; lfjrk izlUu dVkfj;k
uo o’kZ larks’k >k
Jherh jtuh eksafx;k] çca/kd cgknqj ”‘.ku ukjk;.k
Jh lq'khy dqekj 'kekZ] mi çca/kd fnYyh dh lnhZ iq[kjkt ehuk
vknj lRdkj jtuh eksafx;k
Jh egs'k pUn] dk;Zikyd HkVdu
Jh fot; deq kj xIq rk] dk;Zikyd egs‛k pUn
fofo/k
laidZ lw= Lkgk;d ‚kCnkoyh
‚kqHkdkeuk,a
laiknd ^vufq ofu x`g if=dk*
us'kuy 'ksMîwYM dkLVl~ Qkbusal ,aM if=dk eas izdkf‛kr jpukvksa esa O;Dr fopkj ,oa n`f’Vdks.k lacaf/kr ys[kd ds
gSa A fuxe dk muls lger gksuk vko‛;d ugha gS A jpukvksa dh
MsoyieVsa diksZjs'ku ekSfydrk ds fy, lacaf/kr y[s kd Lo;a mRRkjnk;h gSa A
14oha efa ty] Ldksi ehukj] dksj 1 o 2]
mÙkjh Vkoj] y{eh uxj ftyk dsaæ]

y{eh uxj] fnYyh &110 092

Qksu% 011-22054392/94/96
QSDl% 011-22054349/95
bZ&esy: nsfdcol1989@gmail-com

osclkbV: nsfdc-nic-in

fu%‛kqYd forj.k ds fy,

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 2



























एनएसएफडीसी के बढ़ते कदम...

,u,l,QMhlh ds vf/kdkfj;kas us f=iqjk jkT; esa ,u,l,QMhlh us xqtjkr jkT; esa vuqlwfpr tkfr

,u,l,QMhlh dh fj;k;rh foÙk ik’s k.k vkSj C;kt ds O;fDr;kas@Lo&lgk;rk lewg ds _f.k;kas dks 5%
lcos'a ku ;kts ukvkas ds dk;kZUo;u ij ppkZ djus vkfFkZd&lgk;rk ¼lco'sa ku½ çnku djus grs q C;kt
ds fy, f=iqjk xzkeh.k caSd] vxjryk dk nkjS k
fd;kA f=iqjk xzkeh.k caSd ¼Vhthch½ us jkT; ds lcos'a ku ;kts uk&fo‛okl ¼VISVAS½ ;kts uk dks
ykxw djus ds fy, fnukda 12@03@2021 dks
vuqlwfpr tkfr y{; lewg ds dY;k.k ds fy, cM+kSnk xtq jkr xzkeh.k cSad ds lkFk le>kSrk&djkj
#-3-50 djksM+ ds ifj;kstuk foÙkiks"k.k çLrko ij gLrk{kj fd,A
fn;kA

,u,l,QMhlh ,lMhVhih ikVs Zy rS;kj fd;k A foÙk

o"kZ 2020&21 ds nkSjku ih,e&n{k ;kts uk ds rgr

Loh”r lHkh 31 çf'k{k.k laLFkkuksa us viuk

iathdj.k djk fy;k gS vkjS ikVs Zy ij visf{kr MsVk

viykMs dj fn;k gSA

fnukad 11-3-2021 dks ,u,l,QMhlh ds vfèkdkjh us lhvkbZihbZVh] Hkksiky eas p;u lfefr dh cBS d eas
Hkkx fy;kA vfèkdkjh us lhvkbZihbZV }kjk lapkfyr fd, tk jgs çf'k{k.k dk;ØZ e ds fujh{k.k@fuxjkuh
ds nkjS ku çf'k{kqvksa ls Hkh ckrphr dhA

vuqfofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 16

Lok/khurk lxa zke dh egku foHkwfr;ksa dks paæ'ks[kj vktkn
ueu vkSj dksfV&dksfV oanu tUe & 23 tqykbZ] 1906
e`R;q &27 Qjojh] 1931
vkt u, Hkkjr ds leqæ&eaFku es]a
tu&tu dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA eSa vktkn gw¡
^^n‛q eu dh xksfy;ksa dk ge
vktknh ds ve`r egksRlo dh csyk e]sa lkeuk djsxa ]s vktkn gh jgsxa As **
vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr dh rS;kjh gSA
Hkxr flag
egkRek xk¡/kh tUe & 28 flrca j] 1907
tUe & 02 vDrcw j] 1869 e`R;q & 23 ekpZ] 1931
e`R;q & 30 tuojh] 1948
^^ejs k ,d gh /keZ gS vkSj og
Þ[kqn oks cnyko yk,a] tks vki gS n's k dh lsok djukA**
nqfu;k eas ns[kuk pkgrs gSa Aß f'kojke gjh jktxq:
tUe & 24 vxLr] 1908
lqHkk’k panz cksl e`R;q & 23 ekpZ] 1931
tUe & 23 tuojh] 1897
oans ekrje~] rqeP;k lkj[kk
^^rqe eq>s [kwu nks eSa rqEgs uk gksrk uk gks.kkj-
vktknh nw¡xkA** t; fgan t; Hkkjr

ykyk yktir jk; lq[knos Fkkij
tUe & 28 tuojh] 1865 tUe & 15 ebZ] 1907
e`R;q &17 uoca j] 1928 e`R;q & 23 ekpZ] 1931

^^ijkt; vkSj vlQyrk jke çlkn fcfLey
dHkh&dHkh fot; dh vkSj tUe & 11 twu] 1897
t:jh dne gksrs gSa A* e`R;q & 19 fnlacj] 1927

cky xaxk/kj fryd ljQjks'kh dh reUuk vc
tUe & 23 tqykbZ] 1856 gekjs fny eas gS n[s kuk gS tkjs
e`R;q & 01 vxLr] 1920 fdruk cktq&,&dkfry eas gS

^^Lojkt gekjk tUefl) vf/kdkj iq#"kksÙke nkl VaMu
gS] ge bls ysdj jgxsa sA** tUe & 01 vxLr 1882
e`R;q & 01 tqykbZ] 1962
fcfiu paæ iky
tUe & 7 uoacj] 1858 ^^,slh Hkk’kk fganh gh gS] tks
e`R;q & 20 ebZ 1932 lewps ns‛k eas lgt gh QSykbZ

^^nklrk ekuoh; vkRek ds tk ldrh gSA**
fo:) gS A Hkxoku us leLr
izkf.k;ksa dks Lora= cuk;k gSA** 17

ykycgknqj 'kkL=h
tUe & 02 vDrwcj] 1904
e`R;q & 11 tuojh] 1966

t; toku&t; fdlku

vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021

usrkth lqHkk"kpæa cksl

lqHkk’k pna ]
lgk;d egkizca/kd

vkanksyu dks ,d ubZ jkg nsrs gq, ;qokvksa dks

laxfBr djus dk ç;kl iwjh fu"Bk ls 'kq: dj

fn;kA bldh 'k#q vkr fnukad 4 tqykbZ] 1943 dks

Þ;fn Lons'kkfHkeku lh[kuk gS rks eNyh ls flaxkiqj esa ^Hkkjrh; Lok/khurk lEesyu^ ds lkFk
tks Lons'k ¼ikuh½ ds fy, rM+i&rM+i dj gqbZA

tku ns nrs h gSAÞ & lqHkk"kpaæ cksl fn- 5 tqykbZ] 1943 dks ^vktkn fgan QktS ^

fnukad 23 tuojh] 1897 dk fnu fo'o dk fof/kor xBu gqvkA fnukad 21 vDrcw j] 1943
bfrgkl eas Lo.kkZ{kjksa esa vafdr gSA bl fnu Hkkjrh; dks ,f'k;k ds fofHkUu ns'kksa esa jgus okys Hkkjrh;ksa
Lora=rk vkanksyu ds egkuk;d lHq kk"kpaæ cksl dk dk lEeys u dj mleas Lor=a Hkkjr ljdkj dh
tUe dVd ds çfl) odhy tkudhukFk rFkk LFkkiuk dj urs kth us vktknh çkIr djus ds
çHkkorh nsoh ds ;gka gqvkA muds firk us vaxzstksa ladYi dks lkdkj fd;kA fnukad 12 flracj] 1944
ds neupØ ds fojks/k esa ^jk;cgknqj^ dh mikf/k dks jaxwu ds tqcyh gy esa 'kghn ;rhaæ nkl ds
ykVS k nhA blls lqHkk"k ds eu esa vaxzstksa ds çfr Lef` r fnol ij usrkth us vR;ar ekfeZd Hkk"k.k nsrs
dVqrk us ?kj dj fy;kA vc lqHkk"k vaxzstksa dks g,q dgk & ^vc gekjh vktknh fuf'pr gS] ijarq
Hkkjr ls [knsM+us o Hkkjr dks Lor=a djkus dk vktknh cfynku ekaxrh gAS req e>q s [kwu nks] eSa
vkReladYi ys py iM+s jk"Vdª eZ dh jkg ijA rqEgsa vktknh nwxa k^A ;gh ns'k ds uktS okuksa esa çk.k
vkblZ h,l dh ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gksus ds ckn lqHkk"k Qwda us okyk okD; Fkk] tks Hkkjr gh ugha fo'o ds
us vkbZlh,l ls bLrhQk fn;kA bl ckr ij muds bfrgkl esa Lo.kkZ{kjksa esa vafdr gSA

firk us mudk eukscy c<k+ rs gq, dgk& ^tc req us ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd fn-16 vxLr] 1945
ns'k lsok dk orz ys gh fy;k g]S rks dHkh bl iFk dks VksD;ks ds fy, fudyus ij rkbgksdq gokbZ vìs
ls fopfyr er gksukA^ ij usrkth dk foeku n?q kZVukxzLr gks x;k Fkk vkjS

fnlca j 1927 esa dkaxszl ds jk"Vªh; Lora= Hkkjr dh vejrk dk t;?kks"k djus okyk]
egklfpo ds ckn lu~ 1938 esa mUgas dkaxzsl dk Hkkjr eka dk nqykjk lnk ds fy,] jk"Vªçse dh fnO;
jk"Vªh; v/;{k pquk x;kA mUgksaus dgk Fkk & esjh T;ksfr tykdj vej gks x;k FkkA

;g dkeuk gS fd egkRek xka/kh ds usr`Ro esa gh gesa
Lok/khurk dh yM+kbZ yM+uk gSA gekjh yM+kbZ dsoy ;kn jf[k;s lcls cM+k vijk/k vU;k; lguk

fczfV'k lkezkT;okn ls ugha] fo'o lkekz T;okn ls vkSj xyr ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk gS A

gSA /khjs&/khjs dkaxzsl ls lqHkk"k dk eksg Hkax gksus & ^usrkth lqHkk"k paæ cksl^
yxkA fnukad 16 ekpZ] 1939 dks lqHkk"k us vius

in ls bLrhQk ns fn;kA lqHkk"k us vktknh ds



vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 18

fgna h lkfgR;dkjksa dks fouez J)katfy------

Hkokuhçlkn feJ

¼tUe & 29 ekpZ] 1913 % Ek`R;q & 20 Qjojh] 1985½

Hkokuh çlkn feJ dk tUe xkoa fVxfj;k] dqN çeq[k ”fr;k¡%
rglhy flouh ekyok] ftyk gks'kxa kckn eas gqvk FkkA dfork laxzg& xhr
os fgUnh ds çeq[k dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA Øe'k% Qjk's k] pfdr gS n[q k] xk¡/kh iap'krh] cquh gqbZ jLlh]
lksgkxiqj] gks'kxa kckn] ujflagiqj vkSj tcyijq esa [kq'kcw ds f'kykys[k] f=dky la/;k] O;fäxr]
mudh çkjafHkd f'k{kk gqbZ rFkk o"kZ 1934&35 esa ifjorZu ft,] rqe vkrs gks] bnau eEk~] 'kjhj dfork
mUgkasus fgna h] vaxzsth vkSj laL”r fo"k; ysdj ch-,- Qlysa vkSj Qyw ] eku&ljkos j fnu] laçfr] v¡/kjs h
ikl fd;kA xka/kh th ds fopkjksa ds vuqlkj f'k{kk dfork,¡] rwl dh vkx] dkyt;h] vuke vkjS uhyh
nsus ds fopkj ls ,d Ldwy [kkys dj dk;Z 'kq: fd;k js[kk rdA blds vfrfjä cPpksa ds fy, rdq kas ds
vkSj ml Ldwy dks pykrs gq, gh o"kZ 1942 esa [kys ] laLej.k ftUgkasus e>q s jpk vkSj fuca/k laxzg
fxj¶rkj gksdj o"kZ 1945 eas NwVsA mlh o"kZ efgyk dqN uhfr dqN jktuhfr Hkh çdkf'kr gq,A
vkJe o/kkZ esa f'k{kd dh rjg pys x, vkSj pkj
ik¡p lky o/kkZ esa fcrk,A cquh gqbZ jLlh

dfork,¡ fy[kuk yxHkx o"kZ 1930 ls cquh gqbZ jLlh dks ?kqek;as mYVk
fu;fer çkjaHk gks x;k Fkk vkSj dqN dfork,¡ iafMr rks og [kqy tkrh gSa
bZ'ojh çlkn oekZ ds laiknu esa fudyus okys
fganwipa eas gkbZLdwy ikl gksus ds igys gh çdkf'kr vkSj vyx vyx ns[ks tk ldrs gSa
gks pqdh FkhAa o"kZ 1932&33 eas os ek[kuyky prqoZsnh mlds lkjs js'ks
ds laidZ eas vk, vkSj os vkxzgiow Zd deZohj esa Hkokuh
çlkn feJ dh dfork,¡ çdkf'kr djrs jgAs gla esa exj dfork dks dksbZ
dkQh dfork,¡ Niha vkSj fQj vKs; th us nwljs [kksys ,ls k mYVk
lIrd eas bUgsa çdkf'kr fd;kA nwljs lIrd ds
çdk'ku ds ckn çdk'ku Øe T;knk fu;fer gksrk rks lkQ ugha gksxa s gekjs vuqHko
x;kA mUgkasus fp=iV ds fy, laokn fy[ks vkSj
eækl ds ,-ch-,e- eas laokn funsZ'ku Hkh fd;kA bl rjg
eækl ls cacbZ vkdk'kok.kh dk çkMs îwlj gksdj x, D;kfsa d vuqHko rks gesa
vkSj vkdk'kok.kh dsaæ fnYyh ij Hkh dke fd;kA ftrus blds ek/;e ls gq, gSa
mlls T;knk gq, gSa nwljs ek/;eksa ls
thou ds 33osa o"kZ ls [kknh iguus yxAs mUgsa
o"kZ 1972 esa ^cquh gqbZ jLlh* ds fy, lkfgR; O;ä os t:j gq, gSa ;gk¡
vdkneh ijq Ldkj feykA o"kZ 1981&82 eas mÙkj çns'k dfork dks
fganh laLFkku ds lEeku ls lEekfur gq, vkSj o"kZ
1983 eas mUgsa e/; çns'k 'kklu ds f'k[kj lEeku ls fc[kjk dj ns[kus ls
vy”a r fd;k x;kA flok js'kksa ds D;k fn[krk gS

 fy[kus okyk rks
gj fc[kjs vuqHko ds js'ks dks

lesV dj fy[krk gS !

& dfork dk‛s k ls lkHkkkj ¼http://kavitakosh.org)

vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 19

fgna h lkfgR;dkjksa dks fouez J)katfy---

Q.kh‛ojukFk js.kw

¼tUe% 04 ekpZ] 1921 & e`R;q % 11 vçSy 1977½

fganh dFkk&lkfgR; esa vR;f/kd egRoi.w kZ dh egd] Bqejh] nh?krZ ik ;k fQj mudh dkbs Z Hkh
jpukdkjA jktuhfr eas lfØ; HkkxhnkjhA 1942 jfpr dFkk fcYdqy ;FkkFkZ dks crkrhA
ds Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke eas ,d çeq[k lsukuh
dh Hkfw edk fuHkkbZA 1950 eas usikyh turk dks js.kq us ;wa rks dbZ dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk dh]
jk.kk'kkgh ds neu vkSj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfä fnykus ysfdu mUgsa lcls vf/kd [;kfr feyh eSyk
ds fy;s ogk¡ dh l'kL= Økafr vkjS jktuhfr eas vkpa y lsA 1954 eas mudh egku ”fr eSyk
thora ;ksxnkuA vkpa y dk çdk'ku gqvkA iVuk ds xka/kh eSnku eas
js.kq dh gLrfyf[kr fdrkc eSyk vkpa y dks lcls
1952&53 eas nh?kdZ kyhu jkxs xzLrrk ds igys egku leh{kd ufyu foykps u 'kekZ us i<+k
ckn lkfgR; dh vkjs vf/kd >qdkoA 1954 eas rks bls vykSfdd ”fr djkj fn;k vkjS fofHkUu
igyk miU;kl ^eSyk vk¡py* çdkf'kr vkSj if=dkvkas eas leh{kk vkus ds ckn jktdey
cgqpfpZrA dFkk lkfgR; ds vfrfjä laLej.k] çdk'ku us eSyk vkpa y dk çdk'ku fd;kA
js[kkfp= vkSj fjiksrktZ vkfn fo/kkvkas esa Hkh
fy[kkA thou ds la/;kdky eas jktuhfrd blds vykos ijrh ifjdFkk] fHkfÙkfp= dh
vkna kys u ls iqu% yxkoA iqfyl neu dk f'kdkj e;jw h] vkfne jkf= dh egd] Bqejh] vfXu[kkjs ]
gq, vkjS tsy x,A lÙkk ds neu pØ ds fojk/s k vPNs vkneh] iyVw ckcw dk jkMs ] tqywl] nh?krZ ik]
eas iùJh dh mikf/k dk R;kxA fdrus pkSjkgs] usikyh Økfa rdFkk lfgr dbZ
dgkfu;ka vkSj vius laLej.k dks fy[k fgUnh
Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke eas viuh lkfgR; dks veYw ; /kjkgs j nhA
Hkkxhnkjh fuHkkus ds lkFk&lkFk Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq
us ipkl ds n'kd esa usiky eas jk.kk'kkgh ds çeq[k ”fr;k¡ &
f[kykQ tkjh tax eas viuh Hkkxhnkjh tedj miU;kl%
fuHkkbZA js.kq us u flQZ usiky eas jk.kk'kkgh ds eSyk vk¡py] ijrh ifjdFkk] dyad&eqfä] tqywl]
f[kykQ yM+h tk jgh yM+kbZ eas dkbs Zjkyk ifjokj fdrus pkSjkgs] iYVw ckcw jksMA
ds lkFk dne ls dne feykdj vkokt cqyan
dh cfYd lhekbZ bykdksa eas Hkkjr&usiky eS=h dks dgkuh laxzg%
Hkh çxk<+rk çnku dhA Bqejh] vfXu[kksj] vPNs vkneh] vkfne jkf= dh
egd] ,d Jko.kh nkis gjh dh /kwiA
js.kq vkSj mldk lkfgR;
laLej.k%
js.kq dh ys[kuh xzkeh.k vkpa fydrk okyh _.kty&/kuty] ou rqylh dh xa/k] Jqr vJqr
o.kZukRed 'kSyh dh FkhA ik= vkSj i`"BHkwfe Hkh iwoZA
xzkeh.k 'kSyh ds gh FksA oks viuh ys[kuh dh
cnkSyr ik= vkSj i`"BHkwfe eas thora :i çnku fjiksrktZ % usikyh Økfa r dFkkA
dj nsrs FksA mudh dgkuh eas ik=ksa dh lksp
?kVukvksa ls ç/kku gksrh FkhA pkgs oks cVckck dh ¼varjktky xwxy ls lkHkkj½
dFkk gks ;k igyoku dh <kys dA vkfne jkf=



vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 20

fgna h lkfgR;dkjksa dks fouez J)katfy-- ¼1½ ukxjh çpkfj.kh lHkk iqjLdkj% 'ks[kj&,d
thouh ds fy, o’kZ 1943 esaA
lfPpnkuan ghjkuna okRL;k;u ^vK;s *
¼2½ lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj% ^vk¡xu ds ikj
¼tUe % 07 ekpZ] 1911 & e`R;q % 04 vizSy] 1987½ }kj* ij o’kZ 1962 esa çkIr gqvkA

lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;* dks ¼3½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj% ^fdruh ukokas esa
vk/kqfud dkO; txr eas ^ç;kxs okn^ ds çorZd ,oa fdruh ckj* ij o’kZ 1978 eas feyk FkkA
çlkjd ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA vKs; cgqeq[kh
çfrHkk ds /kuh] u, ;qx ds iqjks/kk vkSj O;qRifÙk esa ¼4½ Lo.kZeky iqjLdkj% ebZ 1983 esa lqxk
cfs elky gSaA mudh ys[kuh yxHkx çR;ds fo/kk ¼;qxksLykfo;k½ esa varjkZ"Vªh; dkO;&lekjksg
ij dq'kyrk ds lkFk pyh gSA fganh dkO; lkfgR; dh lapkyu&lfefr }kjk çnku gqvk A
ds iwoZorhZ Nk;koknh Lo:i dk ifjR;kx dj
;;kFkZ dk fp=.k djus okys vkSj fganh&lkfgR; eas ¼5½ Hkkjr& Hkkjrh iqjLdkj% ekpZ 1987 eas o"kZ
vusd ekSfydrkvksa dk leko's k djus okys dfo 1983&84 ds fy, mÙkj çns'k laLFkku }kjk
FksA “'; txr dk ;;kFkZ fp=.k djus dh “f"V çkIr gqvkA
ls] mudh lerk dj ikuk dfBu gSA budh
miU;kl vkSj dgkfu;k¡ mPp dkfs V dh gSA lekt ¼6½ mikf/k;k¡ % vKs; dks fganh lkfgR; lEeysu
ds çfr muds eu eas vkikj ons uk Fkh] tks mudh ç;kx }kjk ^lkfgR; okpLifr^ dh mikf/k o’kZ
vusd jpukvksa eas eq[kfjr gksdj lkeus vkbZ gSA 1968 eas vkSj foØe fo‛ofo|ky;] mTtSu
vKs; dk cpiu vius firk ds rcknyksa ds dkj.k }kjk Mhå fyVå dh mikf/k o’kZ 1971 eas çnku
ou vkSj iorZ ks eas fc[kjs ijq krRo vo'k"s kkas ds e/;
O;rhr gqvkA lkfgR; ds vfrfjä vKs; fp=dyk] miU;kl% 'ks[kj&,d thouh&Hkkx&1 ¼1941½]
e`fÙkdk&f'kYi] peZ&f'kYi] QkVs kxs zkQh] c<+bZxhjh] 'k[s kj & ,d thouh&Hkkx 2 ¼1944½] unh ds nhi]
ckxokuh] ioZrkjksg.k vkfn eas :fp ysrs jgsA vius&vius vtuch ¼1961½]

vKs; th dks çkIr iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku% vKs; ;k=k&lkfgR;% vjs ;k;koj jgxs k ;kn ¼1953½]
th dks tks çeq[k iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku çkIr gq,] ,d cnwa lglk mNyh ¼1960½
mueas ls dqN fo'k"s k iqjLdkj bl çdkj gS%
dh x;h FkhA laiknu% ^fo'kky Hkkjr*] ^lSfud*] ^çrhd*]
^fnueku*] ^okD*] ^vk/kqfud fganh&lkfgR;*
vKs; dk jpuk lalkj% ¼fuca/k&laxzg½] ^rkj lIrd* ¼dfork&laxzg½ ,oa
fuca/k&laxzg% vkReusin] lc jax vkSj dqN jkx] u, ,dkadh vkfnA
fyf[k dkxn dksjs vkfn A
vKs; th lkfgR; dks vk/kqfudre :i
vkykspuk ;k leh{kk&xzaFk% ^fgna h&lkfgR; % ,d nsus dk lokZf/kd Js; tkrk gSA vk/kqfud x| vkSj
vk/kqfud ifj“';^] f='kda q rFkk rhuksa lIrdkas dh i| nksukas gh {k=s ksa eas budk egRoi.w kZ LFkku gSA
Hkfw edk,¡ vkfnA ÞvK;s th fgna h lkfgR;&txr eas ,d ;qx çordZ
lkfgR;dkj ds :i eas lnSo fpjLej.kh; jgsaxAs Þ
dkO;&jpuk,¡% vjh vks d#.kk çHkke;] vk¡xu ds
ikj }kj] ckojk vgjs h] fdruh ukoksa eas fdruh & dfork dks‛k ls lkHkkkj (http://kavitakosh.org)
ckj] gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj] bR;ye] bæa /kuq"k jkSnas
gq, ;s] igys eaS lUukVk cqurk g¡w] fpark] iwokZ] 
lqugys 'kSoky] HkXunwr A
21
dgkuh&laxzg% foiFkxk ¼1937½] ijaijk ¼1944½]
dkBs jh dh ckr ¼1945½] 'kj.kFkhZ ¼1948½] t;nksy
¼1951½] ;s rsjs çfr:i ¼1961½A

ukVd% mÙkjfç;n'khZ ¼1967½ vkfnA

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021

fgna h lkfgR;dkjksa dks fouez J)katfy------

eSa uhj Hkjh egknsoh oekZ fgna h dh bu lcds lkFk&lkFk ,d
nq%[k dh cnyh lokZf/kd çfrHkkoku dof;f=;ksa çHkko‛kkyh O;k[;krk Hkh FkhAa
eas ls gSaA os fganh dfork ds mudh Hkko psruk xaHkhj] ekfeZd
eSa uhj Hkjh nq%[k dh cnyh jgL;okn vkjS Nk;kokn dh vkSj laons u‛khy FkhA mudh
Lianu esa fpj fuLian clk] çeq[k dof;=h gSaA vr% mudh vfHkO;fä dk çR;ds :i
Øanu esa vkgr fo'o galk] dforkvkas eas vkRek ijekRek ds furkar ekSfyd vkjS ân;xzkgh
u;uksa esa nhid ls tyrs] feyu fojg rFkk ç”fr ds FkkA os epa h; lQyrk grs q ukjs]
iydksa eas fu>Zj.kh epyh! O;kikjksa dh Nk;k Li"V :i ls vko‛s kksa] vkSj lLrh mÙkts uk ds
“f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA os fganh ç;klkas dk lgkjk ugha ysrhaA
esjk ix&ix laxhr Hkjk] lkfgR; eas Nk;koknh;qx ds xHa khjrk vkSj /k;S Z ds lkFk lquus
'oklksa esa LoIu ijkx >jk] çeq[k LraHkkas t;'kda j çlkn] okykas ds fy, fo’k; dks
uHk ds uojax cqurs nqdwy] lw;Zdkar f=ikBh ^fujkyk^ vkSj laons u‛khy cuk nsrh Fkh]a rFkk
Nk;k eas ey; c;kj iyhA lqfe=kuanu iar ds lkFk ‚kCnkas dks viuh laons uk esa
egRoi.w kZ LraHk ekuh tkrh gSaA feyk dj ije vkReh; Hkko
eSa f{kfrt Hk`dqfV ij f?kj /kwfey mUgsa vk/kqfud ehjkckbZ Hkh dgk çokfgr djrh FkhAa
fpra k dk Hkkj cuh vfojy x;k gSA dfo fujkyk us mUgsa
Þfganh ds fo‛kky efa nj dh mUgkasus v/;kiu ls vius
jtd.k ij tyd.k gks cjlh ljLorhß Hkh dgk gSA dk;tZ hou dh ‚k:q vkr dh vkSj
uo thou&vadqj cu fudyh vafre le; rd os ç;kx
egknsoh oekZ ds O;fäRo efgyk fo|kihB dh ç/kkukpk;kZ
iFk u efyu djrs vkuk] eas laons uk “<+rk vkSj vkØks’k cuh jghaA mudk cky&fookg
in&fpà u ns tkrs tkuk] dk vn~Hkrq larqyu feyrk gSA gqvk ijarq mUgkasus vfookfgr dh
lqf/k esjs vkxe dh tx es]a os v/;kid] dfo] x|dkj] Hkkafr thou&;kiu fd;kA
lq[k dh flgju gks var f[kyhA dykdkj] lektlsoh vkSj çfrHkkoku dof;=h vkSj x|
fonq’kh ds cgjq axs feyu dk ysf[kdk egknsoh oekZ lkfgR;
foLr`r uHk dk dksbZ dksuk] thrk tkxrk mnkgj.k FkhAa os vkSj laxhr eas fuiq.k gksus ds
esjk u dHkh viuk gksuk] lkFk&lkFk dq‛ky fp=dkj vkSj
ifjp; bruk bfrgkl ;gh]  l`tukRed vuqoknd Hkh FkhAa
meM+h dy Fkh feV vkt pyhA mUgsa fganh lkfgR; ds lHkh
egÙoiw.kZ ijq Ldkj çkIr djus
dk xkSjo çkIr gSA xr ‚krkCnh
dh lokZf/kd ykds fç; efgyk
lkfgR;dkj ds :i eas os thou
Hkj iwtuh; cuh jghaA os Hkkjr
dh 50 lcls ;‛kLoh efgykvksa
eas Hkh ‚kkfey gSaA

& dfork dk‛s k ls lkHkkkj

(http://kavitakosh.org)

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 22

fo‛okl ;kstuk

1- mís';% lfefr;kas] ,uch,Qlh&,e,QvkbZ bR;kfn dks
çnku fd;k tk,xkA C;kt lgk;rk vuqlwfpr
o"kZ 2020&21 ds nkSjku] us'kuy 'kMs îwYM tkfr ds y{; lewg ls ik= O;fäxr _f.k;kas dks
dkLV~l Qkbusla ,aM MsoyieasV dikZsjs'ku mijkDs r pSuy Hkkxhnkjksa }kjk foLrkfjr #-2-00
¼,u,l,QMhlh½ #-4-00 yk[k rd ds _.k ds yk[k rd ds fe;knh _.k@lw{e foRr _.kkas ds
lkFk lHkh vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa lfgr ekud [kkrkas ds fy, Hkh miyC/k gksxhA
Lo&lgk;rk lewgkas vkSj #-2-00 yk[k rd ds
_.k ds lkFk vuqlwfpr tkfr ds O;fäxr 4-2 ,ls s ekeys tks fdlh Hkh vU; ,tsla h
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d ubZ C;kt lgk;rk ;kstuk ¼,u,l,QMhlh@,uvkj,y,e lfgr½ dh fdlh
& oafpr bdkbZ lewg vkSj oxksZa dks vkfFkZd vU; C;kt lgk;rk ;kts uk ;k fj;k;rh foRr
lgk;rk ;kstuk ¼fo‛okl ;kts uk½ dk;kZfUor dj ;kts uk ds varxZr ugha vkrs gSa] os ,u,l,QMhlh
jgk gSA dh C;kt lgk;rk ;kts uk ¼fo‛okl½ ds varxZr
doj fd, tk,axsA
çLrkfor ;kts uk dk mís'; Lo&lgk;rk
lewgkas ¼,l,pth½@O;fäxr ykHkkfFkZ;kas dks de 5- Lo lgk;rk lewg ¼,l,pth½ vkSj
C;kt nj ij çR;{k ykHk çnku djuk gS] tks O;fäxr ykHkkfFkZ;kas dh ik=rk%
lkoZtfud {k=s ds cSadkas ¼ih,lch½] {k=s h; xzkeh.k
cSadkas ¼vkjvkjch½ vkSj blh rjg ds foRrh; 5-1 ,u,l,QMhlh ,ls s Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa
laLFkkuksa ls _.k çkIr fd;k gS] ftUgas _.k dks ekU;rk nsrk gS tks ,uvkj,y,e@,u;w,y,e
laLFkkuksa ds :i eas lanfHkZr fd;k x;k gSA vkSj ukckMZ }kjk iath”r gSa vkSj ftuds lHkh
lnL; vuqlwfpr tkfr ds gksus ds lkFk gh mudk
2- dk;kZUo;u ,tsfa l;%a lk[k foxr nks o"kkasZ ds nkSjku mRre jgk gkAs

us'kuy 'kMs îwYM dkLV~l Qkbusla ,aM 5-2 vuqlwfpr tkfr;kas dh ifjHkk"kk eas jkT;
MsoyieasV diksZjs'ku ¼,u,l,QMhlh½ ¼vuqlwfpr vkSj@;k dsæa ljdkj }kjk tkjh vuqlwfpr tkfr
tkfr ds Lo&lgk;rk lewgkas@ykHkkfFkZ;ksa gsrq½A dh lwfp;ksa eas vf/klwfpr lHkh tkfr;ksa lfgr
ftyk ç'kklu ds lacfa /kr çkf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh
3- ;kstuk dh vof/k% fd, tkus okys tkfr çek.k&i= ds vk/kkj ij
le;&le; ij lR;kfir tkfr;k¡ 'kkfey gSaA
orZeku fLFkfr ds vuqlkj o’kZ 2020&21
ds fy, ekU;A Hkfo"; eas ;kts uk dk foLrkj 5-3 mijkDs r ds vykok] ,l,pth@O;fä;kas
çklafxd eYw ;kda u ds v/khu gSA ds lHkh lnL;kas dh okf"kZd ikfjokfjd vk;
xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh nkus kas {k=s ksa eas #-3-00 yk[k ls
4- eq[; fo'k"s krk,a% de gksuh pkfg,A vkosndkas dh ik=rk fu/kkZfjr
djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ekunaMkas dk vuqikyu
4-1 #-4-00 yk[k rd çfr vuqlwfpr tkfr fd;k tk ldrk gS%
Lo&lgk;rk lewg ['krçfr'kr vtk lnL;kas okys
Lo&lgk;rk lewg ¼,l,pth½] ekud fe;knh 5-3-1 jkT; ljdkj ds l{ke çkf/kdkjh }kjk
_.k@udn _.k [kkrkas ij vf/kdre iap o"kkasZ tkjh oS/k okf"kZd vk; çek.k&i=A
dh _.k vof/k ds fy, 5% okf"kdZ nj ls C;kt
lgk;rk lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadkas ¼ih,lch½] {k=s h; 5-3-2 lacaf/kr chMhvks dk;kZy; eas fjdMZ ds
xzkeh.k cSadksa ¼vkjvkjch½] lgdkjh caSdks]a lgdkjh vuqlkj] ,,okbZ dkMZ /kkjd] vkSj

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 23

,lbZlhlh&2011 ds lanHkZ eas rhu ;k vf/kd ¼,u,l,QMhlh lfgr½ dh fj;k;rh foRr ;kstuk

vHkkokas dk lkeuk dj jgs vU; O;fäA ds rgr dkbs Z ykHk ugha fn;k x;k gSA

5-3-4 ”f"k xfrfof/k;kas eas 'kkfey vkSj ih,e 8- C;kt lgk;rk dk ykHk ikus grs q çfØ;k%
fdlku ds varxrZ doj fd, x, lHkh ykHkkFkhZ
C;kt lgk;rk ;kts uk ds rgr dojst ds fy, ik= ,l,pth@O;fäxr [kkrksa ds fy,
ik= gkasxsA fu/kkZfjr çk:i eas _.k laLFkkuksa ls =Sekfld nkok
çkIr gksus ij vkjS fo‛okl ikVs Zy ij
6- C;kt lgk;rk nkok djus gsrq pSuy ,l,pth@ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad fooj.k viykMs
Hkkxhnkj@_.k lLa Fkkukas dh ik=rk djus ij çfro"kZ 5% dh nj ls C;kt lgk;rk
tkjh dh tk,xhA C;kt lgk;rk dk varj.k lh/ks
,ls s _.k laLFkku ftUgksua s ;kts uk ykHkkfFkZ;kas ds [kkrs esa fd;k tk,xkA
dk;kZfUor djus grs q ,u,l,QMhlh ds lkFk
le>kSrk&djkj ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA 9- fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kda u%

7- nkoksa dh çLrqfr% bl ;kts uk dh fuxjkuh vU; fiNM+k oxZ
ds ykHkkfFkZ;kas ds laca/k eas ,uchlh,QMhlh }kjk

#-4-00 yk[k rd ds udn _.k [kkrksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ykHkkfFkZ;kas ds laca/k eas

dh _.k lhek ds fy, ik= Lo&lgk;rk lewg ,u,l,QMhlh }kjk fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls dh

¼,l,pth½ dks çnku fd, x, _.k ds ewy/ku ds tk,xh%

fy, C;kt lgk;rk gsrq =eS kfld nkok ykHkkfFkZ;kas

ds cSad fooj.k ¼vuqyXud&1½ lfgr fu/kkZfjr d- fMftVy fuxjkuh%

çk:i esa pSuy Hkkxhnkjkas }kjk çLrqr fd;k vkcs hlh vkSj ,llh ykHkkfFkZ;kas ds laca/k eas

tk,xk vkjS fo‛okl ikVs Zy ij viykMs fd;k lHkh MsVk dks Øe'k% ,uchlh,QMhlh vkSj

tk,xkA mDr _.k [kkrs ds fy, eyw _.k jkf'k ,u,l,QMhlh ds eq[; iksVZy esa j[kk tk,xkA

ds laca/k eas nkok lacaf/kr 'kk[kk çeq[k dh ,d

?kk"s k.kk }kjk gksxk fd mDr ,l,pth dks fdlh [k- HkkSfrd fuxjkuh%

vU; C;kt lgk;rk ;kstuk] ;k fdlh ,tlsa h ,u,l,QMhlh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh ifjlaifÙk

¼,u,l,QMhlh lfgr½ dh fj;k;rh foRr ;kstuk vkSj vkxkeh lkekftd&vkfFkZd ykHkkas ds fodkl

ds rgr dkbs Z ykHk ugha fn;k x;k gSA eas ;kts uk ds çHkko dk vkdyu djus ds fy,

çR;{kr% vkSj r`rh;&i{k ,tfsa l;kas ds ek/;e ls
blh çdkj] #-2-00 yk[k rd ds {k=s h; Lrj ij fujh{k.k djsxkA bu fujh{k.kksa ds
fe;knh@ekbØks Qkbusla _.k ds rgr ekud lqpk# :i ls lapkyu ds fy, puS y Hkkxhnkj
[kkrksa ds fy, =Sekfld C;kt lgk;rk nkok bl lHkh vko';d lqfo/kk,a çnku djsxa As
'kiFk&i= ds lkFk fu/kkZfjr çk:i eas çLrqr fd;k

tk,xk vkSj folokl ikVs yZ ij viykMs fd;k 10- y{; %
tk,xk fd mDr _.k [kkrs ds fy, eyw _.k

jkf'k ds laca/k eas mDr O;fä dks fdlh vU; #-32-41 djkMs + jkf'k dh C;kt lgk;rk ls

C;kt lgk;rk ;kstuk] ;k fdlh ,tsla h vuqlwfpr tkfr ds yxHkx 2-2 yk[k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa

dks ykHk gkus s dh mEehn gSA



vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 24

vuqokn vpZuk egs jk]
izca/kd ¼jktHkk’kk½
xrkad ls vkxs----
lkfgR; dh vyx&vyx
^vuqokn* ys[k ds xrkad esa vuqokn] vuqokn dk vFkZ vkjS ifjHkk’kk] fo/kkvkas ds vuqokn ds fy,
vuqokn dk egRo o izklafxdrk ds ckjs esa Fkk A vc vkxs----- vyx&vyx dkS'ky o vFkZ
ck/s k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
vuqokn ds egRoiw.kZ {ks=
lkfgfR;d vuqokn grs q ;g dgk tkrk gS
1- lkfgR;d {k=s esa vuqokn dk egRo%& fd loZizFke teZu ds lqizfl) dfo vkjS
ukVddkj ^xsVs* us dYiuk fodflr dh FkhA
^vuqokn* ekuo lH;rk ds lkFk gh ‚kdqaryk ds lkFk gh rqylhnkl ”r ^jkepfjr
fodflr ,d ,ls h rduhd gS ftldk vfo’dkj ekul*] iszepna ”r ^xkns ku*] foHkwfrHk’w k.k }kjk
euq’; us cgqHkkf’kd fLFkfr dh foMacukvkas ls cpus jfpr ^iFksj ikpa kyh* tSlh Hkkjrh; Hkk’kkvkas dh
ds fy, fd;k FkkA lkfgR; ds {k=s eas vuqokn dh egRoi.w kZ ”fr;ksa ds ;wjkis h; Hkk’kk esa vuqokn gq,
izo`fÙk ;aw rks izkphu dky ls gh pyh vk jgh gSA gSaA {k=s kh; Hkk’kkvkas dh lhek dk vfrØe.k djds
izkphu dky eas vuqokn dk Lo:i dqN vyx ge jk’Vªh; lkfgR; dk Lo:Ik Li’V djus grs q
izdkj dk jgk gSA eyw laL”r xaFz kkas dk nwljh vuqokn djrs gSaA ejkBh] xqtjkrh] iatkch] caxkyh
Hkk’kk eas HkkokFkZ izLrrq djuk ;k mldh O;k[;k tSlh fofo/k Hkk’kkvkas dh Js’B ”fr;ka tc fganh eas
izLrrq djuk Vhdk dgykrk jgk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx vuqfnr gkxsa h rFkk fganh Hkh vkxs pydj vaxzsth
eas lkfgR; {k=s ds varxZr vuqokn dh izo`fÙk ,d eas vuqfnr gksxh rHkh fo‛o ds lEeq[k Hkkjrh;
vkjs ,dkRedrk dh Hkkouk c<+kus ds fy, lkfgR; dk ,d :Ik mHkjsxkA nwljh vkjs ;krk;kr
fodflr gks jgh gS rks nwljh vkjs euq’; ds eu ds lk/kuksa dh lqfo/kk us HkkSxkfs yd nwfj;ksa dks nwj
dh ftKklk ,oa dkSrwgqy o`fÙk mls vuqokn ds dj euq’;ksa dks ,d&nlw js ds laidZ eas vkus dk
izfr iszfjr djrh gSA lkfgfR;d ”fr;ksa dk volj fn;k gS vkSj ;g euq’; dh eyw Hkrw izo`fÙk
vuqokn] lkekU; vuqokn ls dfBu gksrk gSA gS fd og tlS s gh fdlh u, O;fDr] lekt ;k
lkfgfR;d vuqoknd dks Hkkoukvkas] lkaL”frd laL”fr ds laidZ eas vkrk gS mlds fo’k; eas
ckjhfd;ks]a LoHkko vkSj vU; lw{e rRoksa dk lcdqN tku ysus dks mRlqd gks mBrk gS blfy,
vuqokn djus eas Hkh l{ke gksuk pkfg, A nks vkt gekjh dyk fiiklk {k=s h; Hkk’kkvkas ;k fganh
laL”fr;ksa ds e/; lsrq ds :Ik eas lkfgfR;d Hkk’kk ds lkfgR; ls larq’V ugha gks ikrhA ge vU;
vuqokn dk ;kxs nku lcls egRoi.w kZ gksrk gS Hkk’kkvkas ds lkfgR; dks Hkh tkuuk vkSj i<+uk
D;kasfd fdlh HkkSxksfyd {ks= dk lkfgR; ml {k=s pkgrs gSa ysfdu ge Hkk’kk,¡ ugha tkursA bl
dh laL”fr] dyk] jhfrfjoktksa dk çfrfcca gksrk fLFkfr eas dsoy vuqokn ds }kjk gh gekjh bPNk
gSA dgk Hkh tkrk gS fd lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k iwjh gks ldrh gS A vkt fganh dh egRoi.w kZ
gksrk gSA tc ge lkfgfR;d vuqokn dh ckr lkfgR;d if=dkvksa tSls & ^v{kjk*] ^vkykps uk*]
djrs gSa rks gekjk vk'k; lkfgR; dh lHkh fo/kkvksa ^nLrkots * vkfn eas fons‛kh lkfgR; ds vuqokn
dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd] fuc/a k] dfork] izdkf‛kr gks jgs gaS A ;s lkfgfR;d vuqokn dk
vkRedFkk] thouh vkfn ds vuqokn ls gksrk gSA gh ifj.kke gS fd Hkkjro’kZ ds fofo/k izkarkas dh
laL”fr] dyk] jhfrfjoktksa vkfn ds fojklr :ih

vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 25

eksrh vkt fo‛o Lrj ij tuekul ds eu esa ds ckn igyh ckj fganh dks dk;kZy;hu Hkk’kk ds
lek pqds gSa A lkfgfR;d vuqokn ls Hkkjr dh :Ik eas ;k iz‛kklfud Hkk’kk ds :Ik eas izLrqr fd;k
izkphu laL”fr fons‛kkas rd igq¡ph gS A ;gh og x;k gSA vuqokn dh n`f’V ls ns[kk tk, rks
fLFkfr gS tc ,d fons‛kh Hkkjrh; laL”fr ls lafo/kku eas O;Dr Hkkjr ljdkj dh Hkk’kk uhfr ds
tMq +uk pkgrk gS] Hkkjrh; ijaijk ls oSfnd ikB varxZr fganh] vaxzsth vkjS {k=s h; Hkk’kk dk lw=
djuk pkgrk gS] Hkkjrh; jhfr vuqlkj fookg vuqokn dh izfØ;k ds fcuk lQy ugha gks
djuk pkgrk gS A ldrkA dksbZ Hkh Hkk’kk pkgs fdruh gh laiUu gks
ysfdu iz‛kklfud {k=s eas ikfjHkkf’kd ‚kCnkoyh dk
2- ‚kS{kf.kd {k=s esa vuqokn dk egRo%& dkbs Z fodYi fdlh vkSj Hkk’kk ds ikl ugha gSA
dk;kZy;hu Hkk’kk vkjS lkfgfR;d Hkk’kk esa I;kZIr
Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds lkFk Hkk’kk ds us varj ik;k tkrk gS A tc Hkh dk;kZy;hu
mxz :Ik /kkj.k dj fy;k Fkk A fganh ds fojks/k esa dkedkt ds fy, Hkk’kk dk iz;kxs fd;k tkrk gS
tkus okys ykxs kas dk ,d egRoi.w kZ rdZ ;g Hkh Fkk rc ;g vifs {kr gkrs k gS fd og Hkk’kk vR;ra ljy
fd ‚kS{kf.kd {k=s eas fo‛k’s kr% foKku ,oa rduhdh gks D;kafs d dk;kZy; esa iz;qDr Hkk’kk dk y{;
{k=s eas fganh Hkk’kk ds ek/;e ls f‛k{kk vlaHko gS laizs’k.k ;k laokn dh fLFkfr cuk, j[kuk gSA ;gk¡
blh ds lkFk mlds vU; fo’k; ekul ‚kkL+=] ij fo}rrk izn‛kZu Hkk’kk dk y{; ugha gS D;kafs d
jktuhfr ‚kkL+=] lekt ‚kkL+= vkfn fo’k;ksa dh bl Hkk’kk dh ‚kCnkoyh vfHk/kkRed vFkkZr~ ljy]
Js’Bre iqLrdsa fganh eas miyC/k u gksdj vaxzsth lqxe vkSj lgt gksuh pkfg,A ljdkjh dkedkt
eas miyC/k gSa vkSj blh rdZ ij os Hkkjr eas vaxzsth dh izfØ;k eas vke ckys pky ds ‚kCnkas dk vf/kd
cuk, j[kus dk vkxzg djrs jgs A bl rF; ls ls vf/kd iz;kxs fd;k tk,A vk/kqfud e‛khujh ds
badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS fd lkfgfR;d izpfyr vaxzsth ‚kCnkas dks ;FkkfLFkfr Lohdk;Z
xq.koRrk ds {k+s= esa rks fganh Hkk’kk fo‛o lkfgR; ds fd;k tk, A fganh fy[krs le; ml ij laL”r
led{k [kM+h gks ldrh gS A ysfdu ‚kS{kf.kd {ks+= ;k vaxzsth dk izHkko Mkyus dh dkfs ‛k‛k ugha dh
eas f‛k{kk ek/;e ds :Ik eas og vkt Hkh ,d tk, A vke ckys pky ds varxZr Hkkjr ljdkj ds
detksj Hkk’kk fl) gks jgh gS A gkykfa d fganh esa jktHkk’kk foHkkx }kjk jktHkk’kk vf/kfu;e&1963]
ikfjHkkf’kd ‚kCnkoyh ds fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k fujarj jktHkk’kk fu;e] 1976 eas fgna h ds iz;kxs ds laca/k
py jgh gS ysfdu ;s ‚kCn O;ogkj esa izpfyr eas tks vuqns‛k fn, x, gSa mlh ds vk/kkj ij
ugha ik, gSa A f‛k{kk ds ek/;e ds :Ik esa fganh dks dsna zh; ljdkj ds dk;kZy;ksa esa vuqokn dh izfØ;k
,d leFkZ vkjS l{ke Hkk’kk cukus ds fy, gh vR;ra rst gks xbZ gS vkSj dq‛ky vuqokndksa dh
vuqokn dh vR;ra vko‛;drk gS A fo‛o eas fu;qfDr;k¡ gks jgh gaS A fganh i;z kxs dh izo`fÙk dks
tgk¡&tgk¡ Kku vkjS foKku ds u, {k=s ] rF; c<+kok nsus ds fy, vaxzsth ds lkFk&lkFk muds
vkSj lR; mn?~ kkfVr gks jgs gSa mu lHkh dks fganh vuqokn dks izLrrq djuk vfuok;Z dj fn;k
Hkkjrh; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, miyC/k djokuk x;k gSA ,ls h fLFkfr eas dnsa zh; ljdkj ds
pkfg, vkSj ;g vuqokn ds ek/;e ls gh laHko gks dk;kZy;ksa eas vuqokn ds egRo dk ge vuqeku
ldrk gS A yxk ldrs gS A tgk¡ gj lwpuk] vf/klwpuk]
vkns‛k] ifji=] ladYi] izsl foKfIr] Lej.k&i=
3- iz‛kklfud {ks= eas vuqokn dk egRo%& lHkh dk fganh vuqokn vfuok;Z gS A ;g ljdkjh
uhfr iz‛kklu ds {k=s es vuqokn ds egRo dks
ftl izdkj f‛k{kk ek/;e ds :Ik eas fganh cgqr vf/kd c<+k nsrh gS A
vkt Hkh ,d detkjs Hkk’kk fl) gks jgh gS mlh
izdkj iz‛kklu ds {k+s= eas Hkh mldh {kerk viuh 4- lkekftd {k=s esa vuqokn dk egRo%&
lhekvkas eas c) gSA eqxydky eas dk;kZy;ksa dk
O;ogkj Qkjlh Hkk’kk esa gksrk jgk gSA fczfV‛kdky ;gk¡ ^lekt* ‚kCn vR;ra O;kid vFkZ
eas Qkjlh dk LFkku vaxzsth us ys fy;kA Lora=rk vfHkizsr gSA lekt ls rkRi;Z vk/kqfud O;fDr dh

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 26

dkbs Z ,d vax futhZo gksA lkekftd thou eas
iw.kZrk izkfIr ds fy, vuoq kn dh izfØ;k vR;ra
egRoi.w kZ gkrs h tk jgh gSA

thou ‚kSyh cgqr vf/kd cny xbZ gSA lkekftd fu’d’kZ%&
thou esa Kku vkSj foKkiu ds u,&u, {k=s
[kqyrs tk jgs gSaA vk/kqfudrk ds rst cgko eas vHkh rd vuqokn f}rh; Lrj dk dk;Z
ik‛pkR; thou ‚kSyh dk vuqdj.k djrs gq, ge ekuk tkrk FkkA l`tu‛khy lkfgR;dkj dks lekt
cgs tk jgs gSaA lalkj ds fodflr jk’Vªkas dh nkSM+ eas tks lEeku vkSj egRo izkIr Fkk vuqoknd mlls
eas ;fn ge ihNs jguk ugha pkgrs rks bl cgko esa oafpr Fkk ysfdu tSls&tSls fofo/k {k=s ksa esa vuqokn
cguk vfuok;Z gS vkjS blds fy, thou ‚kSyh ds dh vfuok;rZ k vkSj bl vfuok;Zrk ds dkj.k
izR;sd vk;ke dh tkudkjh t:jh gSA blh fcanq mldk egRo c<+ jgk gS oSls&oSls fLFkfr esa
ij vuqokn dk egRo mn~?kkfVr gksrk gSA ifjokj ifjorZu vk jgk gSA vuqoknd dk dk;Z fdlh Hkh
ds varxZr jlksbZ?kj esa vk/kqfud O;atuksa ls ysdj Lrj ij ekSfyd lkfgR; l`tu ls de ugha gS
[kys ds enS ku] lkaSn;Z izlk/kuky;] oL=ksa ds jax cfYd vuqoknd eas ,d lkfgR;dkj ls Hkh vf/kd
:i] f‛k{kk ds {k=s dh vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;k¡] dyk fo‛k’s krk,a vkSj ;kXs ;rk,a t:jh gSA iz‛kklfud]
vkSj laL”fr ds vk/kqfud {k=s vkSj varjjk’Vªh; ‚kS{kf.kd] lkfgfR;d vkSj lkekftd bu reke
jktuhfr ;s lHkh phtsa gekjs nSfud thou dk {k=s ksa eas vuqokn dh izfØ;k xfreku gks jgh gS
vfHkUu vax cu pdq h gSA ,ls h fLFkfr eas bu {k=s ksa vkSj vuqoknd ds izfr lekt dk n`f’Vdks.k cny
dh tkudkjh LoHkk’kk eas miyC/k djus ds fy, jgk gSA ;g fLFkfr Lo;a vuqoknd ds egRo dks
gesa vuqokn dk gh lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA ge izekf.kr djrh gaSA vkt vuqokn ftl Lrj ij
dYiuk dj ldrs gaS fd vuqokn dh lqfo/kk ;fn LFkkfir gS mls ns[krs gq, mlds laHkkoukiw.kZ
gesa izkIr ugha gksrh rks vkt ‚kk;n ge ml viax Hkfo’; ds fo’k; eas dkbs Z lansg ugha fd;k tk
O;fDr dh rjg gksrs ftlds ‚kjhj dk dkbs Z Hkkx] ldrkA



Kkuo/kZu

fgna h vk'kqfyfi ds ewy vk'kqfyfid & lu 1938 ea]s _f"k yky vxzoky us fganh vk'kqfyfi ¼'kVZgSaM½ dh
,d ykds fç; ç.kkyh dh jpuk dhA 1837 esa lj vkbtdS fiVeSu }kjk vkfo"dkfjr vaxzsth 'kVZgaSM ds
fiVeSu ç.kkyh ij vk/kkfjr fganh fy[kus dh ;g 'kCn'k% /oU;kRed ç.kkyh vHkh Hkh Hkkjrh; vk'kqfyfidksa
ds chp lcls ilanhnk gSA M- th- Mh- fc"V us bl ij lq/kkj fd;k vkSj bls ^fof'k"V ç.kkyh^ dk uke
fn;kA og jkT;lHkk lfpoky; esa los kjr Fks vkSj lcls rst fgna h 'kVZgaMS ys[kd FkAs



vuqfofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 27

dkO; lfjrk--- सतं जष कु मार झा

प्रसन्न कु मार कटािरया कायचकारी वनदेशक
कॉनकजर, नई वदल्ली
ििरष्ठ मंडल विद् यतु इंजीवनयर
कषच र्ल स्टॉक सानपाड़ा
निी मुबं ई

नि िषच बहादुर

साल 2020 हुय िह एक फौजी है
अब परछाई,ं फौज मंे उसकी बहादुरी के र्र्े हैं।

देखज नि िषच की िीरता के वलए उसे कई बार
सधं ्या यई, शौयच परु िार से सम्मावनत वकया गया ह।ै
सखु समकृ्ति, उसकी फौजी पजशाक पर तमाम र्मकते हुए तमगे हैं।
्‍िा्‍्य सब
उसे मतभदे और विद्रजह पसदं नही ं यता ह।ै
यपके वलए लाई। िह विद्रजह का दमन करना जानता ह।ै
यपके जीिन में अपनी िीरता से िह मनर्ाहा
यने िाला नया साल, सब कु छ पा लते ा ह।ै
बन जाए यपके
जीिन की वमसाल। फौज कज उसकी िीरता पर गिच है।
उन्नत हज यपका उसकी पत्नी कज भी अपने पवत की बहादुरी
तन-मन-िन प्रवतपल,
सतरंगी हज यपके पर गिच हजना र्ावहए।
जीिन के सरु ताल।
यज घर में कु छ फौजी के मन का नही ं हुय ह।ै
 उसे मतभदे और विद्रजह पसदं नही ं ह।ै
फौजी ने अपनी बहादुरी वदखा दी ह।ै
उसका र्हे रा दंभ से यच्छावदत है
और यँखजं मंे विजयी दपच ह,ै
पत्नी का महुँ रि रंवजत है
और यँखजं मंे काला सनू ापन ह।ै

फौजी की बहादुरी के र्र्े हं।ै



 vPNh Hkwfedk] vPNs y{; vkSj vPNs fopkj okys yksxksa dks lnSo ;kn fd;k tkrk gS]
eu esa Hkh] 'kCnksa esa Hkh vkSj thou esa Hkh A

 lQkbZ nsus esa viuk le; O;FkZ u djsa] yksx ogh lqurs gSa tks oks lquuk pkgrs gSa A
 vius thou dks bruk jks'ku djks fd dksbZ vkidk ifjp; nsrs gq, xoZ egllw djsA

vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 28

dkO; lfjrk---

fnYyh dh lnhZ

श्री कृ ष्णन नारायण
पूर्व अप्रनि एिएसएफडीसी,

िई निल्ली

fnYyh dh lnhZ & eos k :ih /kwi lsda us] xtd [kkus] jtkbZ esa Nqi tkus dh J`a[kyk
ilhus vkSj /kwy feëh ls NqVdkjk] bl ekSle dks dkSu u ilan djs Hkyk]
ij ;g rks esjk “f"Vdk.s k gS & D;k eSa fnYyh okfl;ksa dk çrhd g¡w\
bl ç'u ds mÙkj dk vHkko csgn lrkus yxk u tkus D;w¡!

vkSj Jo.k euu v/;;u ds ckn Hkh tc tokc u yxk gkFk]
py iM+k ,d jkr eSa eksjh xsV dqN lekt lsodkas ds lkFk]
fBBqjrh BaM] ?kuk dkgs jk & ,sls yxk ekuks g¡w pØO;w ços'kh vfHkeU;q]
ÞMjuk euk gSß] lkfFk;kas us lprs fd;k] Þvki dks rks djuk gS night rescueÞ

Rescue & ij ;gk¡ dkSu lh tax fNM+h gS & fdl ij djuk gS ,glku\
rHkh ns[kk lsodksa dks vius van is mBkdj j[krs gq, ,d cksjk Hkj lkeku]

ikl x;k] okLrfodrk >ydh] oks rks Fkk dacy esa fyiVk ,d balku A

vxys ?kVa s ;g flyflyk pyrk jgk & ,d ntZu BaM esa ckgj lkrs s ik, x,]
dqN engks'k] dqN cgs ks'k] dqN pIiy dks QVs jtkbZ ds uhps Nqik;s gq,]

nks rescue van fujarj yxk, pDdj ikl jsu clsjk esa bu ihfM+rkas dks ogka NqM+krs gq,

ÞD;k dke djrs gksß] iwNk eSaus] tc van eas ,d ihfM+r dks txk gqvk ns[kk]
dgk mlus tcku yM+[kM+krs gq, Þth ekjrk g¡w eaS /kDdkß A

;g oks i's kk gS ftles jsMs Hkj eky ykn] etnjw mls idM+dj pyrs gSa]
fQj dekbZ nsgkM+h ds ,d va'k ls efnjk lsou dj] jkr QwVikFk ij gh lks tkrs gSa]

u gS buds ikl cell phone] u PAN card] u gh dkbs Z vk/kkj]
Hkyk gekjs digital smart city eas dSls gks budk m)kj\

;g le>kdj] Rescue team eas ls ,d ckys iM+k & Þcl ,d fuosnu gS ljdkjÞ
ml çtkra= ds eafnj ds fuekZ.k lfgr rfud bl çtk ds clsjksa dk Hkh djks foLrkj A

fudys Fks fnYyh dh lnhZ ij vkSjkas fd çfrfØ;k lquus dk]s
gkFk vk;s ,ls s jkt] 'keZ ds ekjs >qdk;k ftlus eLrd dk]s
mlh >qdk, eLrd ls Rescue Team lnL;ksa dks ueu fd;k]
muds [kq'kgkyh vkSj los k Hkko dk;e jgus s ds fy, çHkq dk Lej.k fd;k A



vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 29

dkO; lfjrk---

iq[kjkt ehuk] jtuh eksfa x;k]
dfu"B dk;Zikyd izca/kd

**vknj lRdkj** HkVdu

vknj lRdkj gh ns[kuk gS rks xk¡okas esa vkdj nsf[k,] gljrsa nqfu;k esa Hkyk]
fdrus vehj gkrs s gSa xjhc muds ?kj tkdj nsf[k,A lduw dgk¡]

nwljs dh cgu&csVh dks [kqn dh cgu&csVh le>rs gSa] HkVdu gh HkVdu gS ;gk¡A
;gk¡ xkoa ksa eas lHkh ykxs I;kj ls fey&tqydj jgrs gSaA
eqLdqjkrs gksBa kas ij]
lHkh ekrk&firk cw<+s cqtqxksZa dk vknj&lRdkj djrs gSa] nnZ Hkjh fFkjdu]
fdlh dks dkbs Z ijs'kkuh vk, rks lHkh lg;kxs djrs gSaA vkSj vk[a kkas eas d‛ked‛k ds]

xk¡okas esa fn[kkok] diV ik[kMa thou dk fgLlk ugha gSa] xgjs lkxjA
çes ] d:.kk n;k ;gka dh laL”fr esa vHkh Hkh ftank gSA
Åcs gq, pgs jksa dk cklhiu]
cqtqxkZsa dh Nk¡o rys gj elq hcr dks [kqn ls nwj ikrs gSa] dqN Hkh rks u;k ugha ;gk¡A
cw<+s cqtqxkasZ ds fdLls dgkfu;kas ls cPps lLa dkj lh[krs gSaA
viuh vk[a kkas dh rjyrk dks Nqik,]
lc galrs gSa ;gk¡]
,d&nwljs ijA

;gk¡ ds thou eas eku lEeku] vius dks fNik]
vknj lRdkj egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gS] nwljksa dks m?kkM+rs gSa] ;gk¡A

;s xk¡o gh gS tks vHkh rd gljrsa nqfu;k e]sa Hkyk]
Hkkjrh; laL”fr dks ftank j[ks gq, gSaA lduw dgk¡]

HkVdu gh HkVdu gS ;gk¡A

 

^^nsoukxjh dks leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds fy, Lohdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A**

& cky xaxk/kj fryd

vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 30

dksjksuk & ,d oSf'od egkekjh

lqHkk’k pna ]
lgk;d egkizca/kd

dkjs kus k ok;jl ;k dksfoM&19 laØe.k ukd&eqag dks <dus ds fy,
,d ,slh chekjh gS ftls fo'o LokLF; laxBu ekLd yxkuk bl egkekjh
¼MCyw,pvk½s }kjk egkekjh ?kkfs "kr fd;k x;k gSA ls cpko eas egRoi.w kZ Hkfw edk
,ls k ekuk tkrk gS fd uoacj 2019 eas ;g phu es fuHkkrs gSaA
oqgku 'kgj ls fudyk Fkk] /khjs&/khjs ;g ok;jl
balku ls balku eas QSyus yxkA ns[krs gh ns[krs dkfs oM&19 ls cpko ds fy, ^eMs bu bafM;k*
bl ok;jl us iwjh nqfu;k eas iSj ilkj fy,A oSDlhu
vaVkdZfVdk tSls {ks= eas Hkh dkjs ksuk dh iqf’V gqbZ
gSA tuojh&2020 esa ;g ok;jl Hkkjr esa ik;k dkjs kus k ok;jl dks egkekjh ?kkfs "kr djus
x;kA vr% bldh jksdFkke ds fy, fnukda 22 ds ckn ls iwjh nqfu;k eas oSKkfudkas }kjk oSDlhu
ekpZ] 2020 dks iwjs ns'k eas turk d¶;Zw yxk;k ij 'kk/s k tkjh gaSA orZeku eas Hkkjr] :l lers
x;k FkkA ,d lky ckn ;kfu 2021 eas fQj ls vU; ns'kkas us oSDlhu tkjh dh gaSA Hkkjr }kjk nks
dkjs kus k ok;jl yxkrkj c<+us yxk gSA oSDlhuksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA

dkjs kus k ok;jl chekjh D;k gS\ dkfs o'khYM & bl oSDlhu dk mRiknu Hkkjr esa
iq.ks fLFkr lhje baLVhVîwV }kjk fd;k tk jgk
dkjs kus k ok;jl ;g ,d ,ls k laØe.k gS gSA
tks ,d O;fä ls nwljs O;fä eas rsth ls Vªkla Qj
gksrk gSA orZeku esa bl ok;jl ds y{k.k lnhZ] dkos SDlhu & bl oSDlhu dk mRiknu gSnjkckn
tqdke] cq[kkj] lqxa/k ugha vkuk] Lokn ugha vkuk] fLFkr Hkkjr ck;kVs sd }kjk fd;k tk jgkA
lkal ysus eas rdyhQ gksuk vkSj xyk n[q kuk gSA
iwjh nqfu;k eas bl ok;jl ij yxkrkj 'kk/s k tkjh Hkkjr us 65 ns'kksa eas igqapkbZ dkjs ksuk oSDlhu
gSaA
Hkkjr us oSDlhu ds mRiknu ds ckn bls
dSls QSyrk gS ;g ok;jl vkSj cpko ds mik; vHkh 65 ns'kkas esa miyC/k djk;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj
D;k gSa\ }kjk ;g oSDlhu dqN ns'kkas dks xzkaV cfs ll ij nh
tk jgh gSA Hkkjr nokjk Jhyadk] HkwVku]
tks O;fä dkjs kus k iftfVo gS mlds ckXa ykns'k] usiky] E;kea kj] ekynho lfgr dbZ
laidZ eas vkus ls lcls igys ;g QSyrk gSA lkFk vU; ns'kkas dks 56 yk[k dkjs kus k oSDlhu ds Mkst
gh fdlh O;fä }kjk [kkalus ds ckn gok es tks miyC/k djkbZ gSaA blls iwoZ] dksjksuk ds 'kq:vkrh
ckjhd ikVhdZ Yl vkids 'kjhj eas ço's k djrs gSa nkSj esa Hkh Hkkjr }kjk vxz.kh Hkfw edk fuHkkrs gq,
blls laØfer gksus dk [krjk gksrk gSA blfy, fodflr ns'k vejhdk lfgr dbZ vU; ns'kkas dks
ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij tkjh funsZ'kkas eas dgk gkbMªkDs ykjs kfs Dou uked thou j{kd nokbZ Hkh
x;k gS fd ckrphr ds nkjkSu de ls de rhu miyC/k djkbZ Fkh ftlds fy, fo'o LokLF;
QhV dh nwjh cukdj j[ksaA blh ds lkFk ekLd Hkh laxBu us Hkkjr dh çla'kk dh FkhA
yxkdj j[ksAa tc fdlh nwljs O;fä ds ikfVZdYl
vkids laidZ esa vkrs gSa rc laØe.k dk [krjk bl oSf'od egkekjh ds eíus tj] fo'o
c<+ tkrk gS vr% ckj ckj gkFk /kkus s dh lykg nh Lrj ij tula[;k ds ?kuRo dh “f"V ls ns[kk
tkrh gSA lks'ky&fMLVfsa lax dk ikyu djuk vkjS tk, rks Kkr gksrk gS fd ;wjksi o vejhdk ds
fodflr ns'kkas ds eqdkcys Hkkjr o Hkkjrh;

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 31

ukxfjdkas }kjk bl egkekjh dh jksdFkke grs q bl egkekjh eas lkekftd nwjh ds dkj.k

ljkguh; dk;Z fd, x,] vU;Fkk Hkkjrh; ifjis{k fj'rs&ukrksa eas Hkh dqN Bgjko&lk Hkh utj vk

eas fLFkfr Hk;kog gks ldrh FkhA Hkkjr esa viukbZ jgk gS] ftldh HkjikbZ vk/kqfud ;qx esa

tkus okyh lHkh fpfdRlk i)fr;kas o ;kxs &i)fr VsDukys th ds ek/;e ls eksckby Qkus eas ckr dj

us Hkh bl egkekjh dh jksdFkke o ekuo thou o fofM;ks dkWy dj dh tk jgh gSA ijarq igys

cpkus eas vf}rh; ;kxs nku fn;k gSA vr% Hkkjr dh Hkkafr viukas ds lq[k&nq[k eas 'kkfey u gks

fo'o ds vU; ns'kkas ds eqdkcys] bl egkekjh eas ikuk fuf'pr gh lHkh dks lkyrk gksxkA

Hkh e`R;q nj dks fuEu Lrj ij j[kus eas dke;kc ,d lky ckn vc fQj ls iwjh nqfu;k eas

jgk gSA dkjs kus k ok;jl o mlds CySd Qxa l tlS s

gkykfa d bl egkekjh ds dkj.k fiNys u,&u, ?kkrd :i lkeus vk jgs gSa ftuls cpko

,d o"kZ ls vc rd Hkkjr lfgr iwjs fo'o es ds fy, Hkkjr o fo'o ds vU; ns‛kkas ds oSKkfud

yk[kkas yksxkas }kjk vR;f/kd d"V >syus iM+s o jkr&fnu yxkrkj 'kk/s k dk;kaZs eas yxs gq, gSaA

orZeku eas Hkh >syus iM+ jgs gSaA dbZ;kas ds dke o dkjs kus k dh bl ?kkrd ygj ds dkj.k vc ,d

ukSdfj;ka pyh xbZ] dbZ;kas ds O;kikj Bi gks x,A ckj fQj ogh fLFkfr cu jgh gSA Hkkjr ds dbZ

ijarq egkekjh esa tku cph jguk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ {k=s ksa esa fQj ls ukbZV d¶;Zw o vkfa 'kd ykWdMkmu

gksrk gSA ,slh Hk;kog fLFkfr eas Hkh Hkkjrh; yxk;k x;k gS] rks dbZ {k=s ksa esa iw.kZ ydMkmu

iqjkru ijaijk olq/kSo dqVqacde~ dks pfjrkFkZ djrs yxkuk iM+k gSA fiNys o"kZ dh Hkkafr orZeku eas Hkh

gq, ljdkjh] xSj&ljdkjh ra=kas o O;fä;kas }kjk bl chekjh ls cpko ds fy, ljdkj }kjk lks'ky

t:jrena kas dks jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku ds fMLVfsa lax dk ikyu djus vkSj ekLd yxk, tkus

lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd o fpfdRlh; lgk;rk Hkh ij cy fn;k tk jgk gSA

miyC/k djkbZ xbZ o orZeku esa Hkh miyC/k djkbZ vius dy dks lqjf{kr djus ds fy,

tk jgh gS tks fulansg ljkguh; gSA viuk vkt lqjf{kr djuk gh gksxkA lqjf{kr jgas]

LoLFk jgasA



dksjksuk dky esa ,u-,l-,Q-Mh-lh- }kjk lh-,l-vkj- ds varxZr
fd;s x, /kekZFkZ dk;ksaZ dk lfa {kIr o.kZu

dksjksuk dky ds bl dfBu le; esa ,u,l,QMhlh] fnYyh us Lo;a vius
deZpkfj;ksa o vius pSuy ikVZujksa ds ek/;e ls fnYyh&,u-lh-vkj- o eqacbZ lfgr
ns'k ds dbZ vU; LFkkuksa ij t:jrean ifjokjksa dks jk'ku&Hkkstu] diM+]s nokb;ka
o fpfdRlh; lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djkbZ ftlds fy, lh-,l-vkj- en esa 2020&21 ds
fy, miyC/k jkf'k esa ls fnukad 31 ekpZ] 2021 rd yxHkx #-111-84 yk[k dh
jkf'k lsDa 'ku dh xbZA

vuqfofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 32

lrdZ Hkkjr le`) Hkkjr

¼lrdZrk tkx:drk lIrkg esa izFke iqjLdkj izkIr fuca/k½

M- fot; dqekj xqIrk] dfu"B dk;Zikyd

“Young men and women are to pht+ksa ds ckjs esa Kku gks]
build-up a strong character. A nation’s vuqHko gksA lrdZ O;fä
gh lgh fu.kZ; ys ikrk gSA blds fy, pkfjf=d
greatness was reflected in the fodkl igyh dlkSVh gSA ;fn ge Hkkjrh; ijaijk
dks ns[ksa rks ;gka ^lkèkuk* ;k è;ku
character of her people. If it was
¼Meditation½ dsfa ær djus ij tksj fn;k tkrk
sullied by selfishness, such a people gS tks njvly euq"; dh ikpa ksa Kkusfa æ;kas dks
fu;af=r djus dh çfØ;k ij tksj nsrk gS tks
could not prosper or achieve great O;fä dks fu;af=r ;k lrdZ gksus eas enn djrh
gSA eè;dky eas HkDr dfo;kas us blh ckr ij tkjs
things. Selfishness had its place in life nsrs gq, dgk Fkk%

as everyone had to look to his own ^*ukS y[k ikrfj vkxs ukps ihNs lgt v[kkM+k]
,slks eu ys tksxh [ksys rr varfj clS HkMa kjk**
needs and that of his family, but it
could not be made the be–all and end– vFkkZr~ tks O;fä Hkksx foykl dh oLrqvksa
all of life.” - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. ds gkus s ds ckotwn vius vkRe fu;a=.k vkSj pfj=
iFk ls ugÈ Mxexkrk gS ogh le`f) dh vksj
mi;qZDr m)j.k esa v[kMa Hkkjr ds vxzlj gksrk gS tks varr% jk"Vª dh le`f) dk
fuekZrk ljnkj cYyHkHkkà iVsy us Hkkjr ds dkj.k curh gSA
ukStokuksa dks etcwr pkfjf=d fodkl ij cy
nsus grs q dgk gS] D;kasfd fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh le`f) ;fn nqfu;k ds bfrgkl dks mBkdj ns[ksa
ogka ds fuokfl;ksa dh pkfjf=d le`f) ls rks lrdZrk ;k tkx#drk dk ;g Lrj O;fä ds
ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ;g vdkj.k ugÈ gS fd dsaæh; lkFk&lkFk lkekftd Lrj ij Hkh fn[kkà iM+rh
lrdZrk vk;kxs ljnkj cYyHkHkkà iVsy ds gSA ;fn ge xkSj djsa rks lekt ds fodkl dk
tUefnu ¼31 vDrwcj½ ds volj ij ^lrdZrk bfrgkl njvly lrdrZ k ds fodkl dk bfrgkl
tkx#drk lIrkg* eukrk gS vkSj bl volj ij gSA tSls&tSls thou&txr vkSj cká ifjfLFkfr;ksa
^lrdZ Hkkjr le`) Hkkjr* tSls fo"k; ij ppkZ ds çfr ge lrdZ ;k tkx#d gksrs x, oSls oSls
fd;k tkuk blh fot+u dks mtkxj djrk gSA ge lH; vkSj fodflr gksrs x,A Hkkjr ij
fons'kh vkØe.kdkfj;ksa }kjk 'kklu fd, tkus dk
fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh le`f) dk lrdZrk ls çeq[k dkj.k vkèkqfud Kku&foKku] ukSifjogu]
vkSj lrdZrk dk ogka ds O;fä;kas dh pkfjf=d fons'k uhfr ds çfr lrdZ ugÈ gksuk jgk gSA
fodkl ls xgjk lacaèk gksrk gSA njvly dksà Hkh 19oÈ 'krkCnh eas tc Hkkjrh; lekt eas uotkxj.k
jk"Vª ogka ds fuokfl;ksa ls gh feydj curk gS dk nkSj py jgk Fkk jktk jke ekgs u jk;] Ã'oj
blfy, jk"Vª dh le`f) ds fy, ;g vko';d gS pan fo|klkxj] Hkkjrsna q gfj'pan] nknkHkkà ukSjkts h]
fd ogka ds ykxs Hkh le`f) djAsa lrdZrk ;k fryd vkfn yksxkas us vius fopkjksa ds ekè;e ls
lrdZ gksuk O;fä vkjS jk"Vª dks dSls le`) cukrk rRdkyhu tuekul dks fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd
gS\ O;fä ds pkfjf=d fodkl dk lrdZrk ls uhfr;kas ds çfr tkx:d gh djus dk dk;Z dj
D;k lacèa k gS\ ^lrdZ Hkkjr le`) Hkkjr* fo"k; ij jgs FksA tSls&tSls ykxs fczfV'k 'kk"s k.kdkjh uhfr;ksa
ppkZ djrs gq, bu ç'ukas dh xgu iM+rky
çklafxd tku iM+rh gSA

lrdZ gksus dk vFkZ ^rdZ ls ;qDr* gksuk
gSA O;fä rdZ ls ;qDr rHkh gksrk gS tc mls

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 33

ds çfr tkx#d gksrs x, oSls&olS s Hkkjr vktknh Çdrq vkt ç'kklfud O;oLFkk eas tks
ds iFk ij vkxs c<+rk x;kA Lokeh foosdkuan Hkz"Vkpkj O;kIr gS og ns'k dh le`f) esa lcls
tSls ykxs kas us tuekul dks tkx#d ;k lrdZ cM+k ckèkd gS D;kasfd ;g lekt eas O;kIr fo”
djus ds fy, gh dgk Fkk fd% fr;ksa dks Nqikdj oLrqfLFkfr ij inkZ Mkyrk gSA
bl lanHkZ esa fdlh us lgh gh dgk gS fd%
ÞmfÙk"Br tkxzr çkI; ojkfUuckès krAÞ
^*rqEgkjh Qkbyksa esa xkoa dk ekSle xqykch gS] exj
vFkkZr~ mBk]s tkxks] vkSj è;s; dh çkfIr rd :dks ;s vkadM+s >wBs gSa ;s nkok fdrkch gSA^*
erA
ç'kklfud Lrj ij lrdZrk c<+kus grs q mBk, x,
vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjr dh tks lkekftd dqN çe[k dne%
vkSj vkÆFkd fLFkfr Fkh ml fygkt+ ls ns'k dh
le`f) ds fy, cgqr cM+h pqukSfr;ka FkhA vaxzsth ç'kklu eas O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dks de djus] çHkkoh
jkt dh Hk"z V uhfr;kas ds dkj.k ç'kklu esa vkSj dq'ky ç'kklfud ç.kkyh ds fu"iknu gsrq
Hkz"Vkpkj] uSfrd ewY;kas dk iru] lR;fu"Bk vkjS ç'kklfud laxBu eas lrdZrk c<+kus grs q mBk,
ikjnÆ'krk dk vHkko FkkA rc ls ysdj vkt rd x, dne fuEukuqlkj gS&
;g O;oLFkk dekscs'k ekStwn gSA orZeku ljdkj  Hkz"Vkpkj fujksèkd vfèkfu;e] 1947 ,oa
dk è;s; Hkkjr dks nqfu;k ds vfxze iafä okys
ns'kkas esa ysdj tkuk gS vr% vkt lrdrZ k ij 1988-
ljdkj dk [kkl tkjs gSA D;kasfd lrdZrk  dsæa h; lrdZrk vk;kxs ds :i esa ,d
O;fäxr vkSj lkekftd Lrj ij cnyko ds
lkFk&lkFk ç'kklfud vkSj vkÆFkd Lrj ij 'kh"kZLFk lrdZrk laLFkku dh LFkkiuk tks
cnyko ds fy, Hkh t:jh gSA ;fn Hkkjr dks dsæa h; ljdkjh laxBukas esa fofHkUu
fo'o 'kfä cukuk gS rks ;g t:jh gS fd gekjh çkfèkdkfj;ksa dh fuxjkuh djrk gS lkFk gh
ç'kklfud O;oLFkk,a ikjn'kÊ ¼Transparent½] lrdZrk lacaèkh ;kts uk cukus] fu"iknu]
tokcnsg vkSj mRrjnk;h gkasA bu lHkh O;oLFkkvksa leh{kk ,oa lqèkkj ds lacaèk eas lykg nsrk
dk lcls cM+k 'k=q Hkz"Vkpkj gSA Hk"z Vkpkj dsoy gSA
vkÆFkd Lrj ij ysu&nsu rd gh lhfer ugÈ  dsæa h; lrdZrk vk;kxs Hkz"Vkpkj ;k
gksrk cfYd ;g iwjs lkekftd larqyu dks dk;kZy; ds nq#i;ksx lacfa èkr f'kdk;rsa Hkh
rgl&ugl dj nsrk gS vkSj ns'k dh O;oLFkk ls lqurk gSA blds ikl fuEu ykxs viuh
Hkjkslk vkSj viusiu ij geyk djrk gSA vr% f'kdk;r ntZ djok ldrs gSa&
ç'kklfud O;oLFkk eas lR;fu"B vkSj Ãekunkj
vkpj.k ,oa eYw ;kas ls ;qDr O;fä;kas dk gksuk • dsæa ljdkj
t:jh gSA dkSfVY; us blh ckr dks js[kkfa dr
djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd & • ykds iky çnkrk@e[q kfcj@lprs d
• lwpuk
^*u Hk{k;afr ;s RoFkkZu~ U;k;rks oèkZ;fUr pA
fuR;kfèkdkjk% dk;kZLrs jkK% fç;fgrs jrk% AA^* (Whistle Blower)
 dsæa h; lwpuk C;wjks ¼lhchvký ;g Hkz"Vkpkj
vFkkZRk~ tks Hkz"Vkpkj ugÈ djrs mUgas
egRoi.w kZ inkas ij fu;qDr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dh tkap grs q ,d çe[q k laLFkk gS tks dsaæh;
lwpuk vk;kxs dh fuxjkuh eas dk;Z djrk

gSA
 ykds iky ,oa ykds k;qDr vfèkfu;e] 2013
 jkT; lrdZrk vk;kxs
 Hkz"Vkpkj ds fo:) la?k jk"Vª lEeys u

vfHkle; dh iqf"V djukA

vuqfofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 34

 Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud vfèkdkfj;ksa eas lR;fu"Bk tSlh egkekjh gS ftlls fuiVus ds fy, Hkh ^nks
vkSj Ãekunkjh tSls eYw ;kas ds fodkl ij xt dh nwjh vkSj eLd gS t:jh* tSls lrdrZ k
cy nsukA vkSj tkx:drk dh gh vko';drk gSA vkt
Hkkjr ds lkeus ikfdLrku vkSj phu tlS s iM+kslh
 jk"Vª fuekZ.k ds lekukUrj ukxfjdkas ds ns'kkas ls lhek ladV ,d çeq[k leL;k gS] ,ls s eas
uSfrd ewY; vkSj pfj= fodkl ij tkjs lhekvkas ij Hkh lrdZrk t:jh gSA lrdrZ k dks
nsukA O;kid Lrj ij le>s cxSj Hkkjr dh le`f) dh
ckr ces kuh gS vkSj lgh ek;us eas lrdZrk gesa
xk+ Sjryc gS fd fdlh Hkh ns'k vkSj ogka ds vkus okys ladVkas ls cpkrk gSA leL;k vkus ls
ykxs ksa ds lrdZ ugÈ gksus dk lcls T+;knk vlj igys lrdZ gksuk T;knk le>nkjh gS blls
ogka dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj xj+ hcksa ij iM+rk gSA o;fä vkSj jk"Vª nkus kas ds le;] ÅtkZ vkSj
Hkz"Vkpkj blesa vkSj o`f) djrk gSA vkt ljdkj lalkèkuksa dh cpr gksrh gS tks varr% ns'k dh
çR;{k ykHk varj.k ¼MhchVh½ ds ekè;e ls le`f) dks laoÆèkr djrh gAS
Hkz"Vkpkj dks de dj iSlk lhèks ykHkkFkÊ ds [kkrs
eas Hkts jgh gSA ftlls fcpkSfy;kas ds [kkReas ds ^ç{kkyukf) iadL; nwjknLi'kZue ojEk~*
lkFk&lkFk ykxs kas ds vanj foRrh; lrdZrk Hkh c<+
jgh gSA vFkkZr~ dhpM+ dks èkkus s ls vPNk gS mlls
nwj jgukA
ljdkj dk bl ckr ij cgqr tkjs gS fd
tSls fpfdRlk ds {ks= eas dgk x;k gS&
^Minimum Government Maximum Prevention is Better than Cure- mlh rjg
lrdrZ k ds lacaèk esa Hkh Li"V :i ls dgk tk
Governance* vFkkZr~ ljdkj dh tgka ftruh ldrk gS fd& Preventive vigilance will
t:jr gS] mldh Hkfw edk Hkh mruh gh gksuh work better than punitive vigilance-
pkfg,A blfy, ljdkj us dà lkjs vçlkafxd
dkuwu lekIr fd, gaS vkSj cgqr lkjs fu;ekas dks
vklku cuk;k gSA ikuh ,oa fct+yh ds fcy dk
Hkqxrku] i'sa ku] cSad yksu bR;kfn dks vklku
cuk;k x;k gSA euh ykmÇMªx] vkradokn] u'khyh
inkFkk±s ij jkds Fkke] bR;kfn ds }kjk vkt ljdkj
ukxfjdkas dks T;knk ls T;knk lrdZ cuk jgh gS
vkSj Hkkjr dh le`f) eas vkus okyh ckèkkvksa dks
nwj dj le`f) dh vkjs c<+ jgh gSA

dqyfeykdj] mi;qZDr fo'ys"k.k ds vkèkkj
ij ;g Li"V gS fd Hkkjr dh le`f) ds fy,
lrdZ gksuk vifjgk;Z gSA tSlkfd lrdrZ k ,d
O;kid nk;js dh ekax djrk gS ftleas O;fä ds
pkfjf=d fodkl] O;fäxr fodkl] lkekftd
ewY;kas dk fodkl] ç'kklfud] vkÆFkd] jktuSfrd]
lkaL”frd lHkh Lrjksa ij fodkl ifjyf{kr gksrk
gSA vkt ns'k vkSj nqfu;k ds lkeus dksfoM&19



vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 35

laLej.k

fnYyh Mk;jh ¼yky fdyk½

fou; flag]
vuqokn vf/kdkjh]
ykds lHkk lfpoky;

yky fdyk ;kuh jsM QksVZ dh igpku jktLFkku ls laxejej iRFkj <ks dj ;gk¡ rd
eq[;r% ;g gS fd çfr o"kZ 15 vxLr dks Hkkjro"kZ ykuk vklku u Fkk blfy, mldk ;g [okc
ds ç/kkuea=h blh fdys dh çkphj ls ns'k dks v/kwjk gh jg x;kA
lackfs /kr djrs gSA ns'k ds igys ç/kkuea=h Lo-
tokgjyky usg: us ns'k dks yky fdys dh yky fdyk] çkphu fnYyh ds lkr 'kgjkas
çkphj ls loZçFke 15 vxLr] 1947 dks lackfs /kr eas ls ,d 'kkgtgk¡ckn ¼'kkgtgk¡ }kjk vkckn
fd;k FkkA rc ls ;s ijaijk vuojr pyh vk jgh fd;k x;k LFkku½ esa fLFkr gSA çkphu fnYyh ds
gSA vU; Ng 'kgj & fdyk jk; fiFkkSjk] egs jkSyh]
lhjh QksVZ] rqxydkckn] fQjkstkckn vkSj 'kjs x<+
yky fdyk ;wusLdks }kjk ljfa {kr ^fo'o ¼iqjkuk fdyk½ gaAS yky fdys eas fVdV ysdj vki
/kjkgs j Lekjd* gSA yky iRFkjksa ls fufeZr gksus fnYyh xVs ls ço's k djrs gSaA yky fdys dh
ds dkj.k bl fdys dks yky fdyk dgk tkrk çkphj ij tkus ds fy, blh xVs ds ikl ls
gSA gkyk¡fd fdys ds dqN Hkkxkas eas laxejej dk lhf<;ka vkSj fy¶V gSA ;gk¡ çkphj ij lnSo
Hkh ç;kxs fd;k x;k gSA 'kkgtgka us tc viuh frjaxk Qgjrk jgrk gSA
jkt/kkuh dks vkxjk ds ctk, fnYyh LFkkukarfjr
fd;k] rc blh LFkku ij lÙkk dk dsæa LFkkfir crkrs pysa fd fnYyh esa eq[;r% pkj xVs
fd;kA lqurs gS fd 'kkgtgk¡ bl fdys dk fuekZ.k gSa& fnYyh xVs ] ykgkSjh xsV] d'ehjh xVs ] vtejs h
Hkh laxejej ls djokuk pkgrk Fkk ijarq xVs A tks xVs ftl 'kgj dh rjQ [kqys mlds

vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 36

uke ij xVs A fnYyh dh rjQ [kqyus okyk fnYyh dqpyokus] lj dye djus tlS s ohHkRl naM fn,
xVs ] ykgkSj dh rjQ [kqyus okyk ykgkSjh xVs A tkrs FksA nhokus&,&vke ds i'pkr~ 'kkgtgk¡ dk
bleas ls fnYyh xVs vkSj ykgkSjh xVs ] yky fdys ukScr [kkuk] jax egy vkrk gSA ukScr[kkuk ;kfu
ds vanj gSA d'ehjh xVs ] egkjk.kk çrki laxhr d{k&uekt dk oDr crkus ds fy, ;gk¡
varjkTth; cl vìs ds ikl gSA blds uke ls ij fnu eas ikpa ckj uxkM+k ctrk FkkA jax egy
d'ehjh xVs eVs ªks LVs'ku Hkh gSA vtejs h xVs ubZ ;kfu csxe fuokl ;k uwjtgk¡ d{k&bl d{k esa
fnYyh jsyos LVs'ku ds ikl gSA ,d vkSj 'kkgh efgyk,a vkSj ifjokj ds vU; lnL; jgrs
igkM+xat nwljh rjQ vtejs h xVs A FksA

fdys ds vanj fnYyh xVs ds ckn NÙkk
cktkj ¼ehuk cktkj½ vkrk gSA NÙkk cktkj ns'k
dk igyk Nr ;qä cktkj FkkA bleas nqdkunkj
vkSj [kjhnkj efgyk,a gh gkrs h FkhA orZeku eas bl
cktkj esa fofHkUu çns'kksa ds oL=] dyk”fr;ka rFkk

nhoku&s ,&vke

NÙkk cktkj dk ,d n`‛; ukScr[kkuk

udyh vkHkw"k.k vkfn feyrs gSaA NÙkk cktkj ds blds i'pkr fo'oçfl) nhokus&,&[kkl
i'pkr ykgkSjh xsV vkrk gAS ykgkSjh xVs ds Åij vkrk gSA bleas Lo.kZ tfM+r uDdklh dh x;h gSA
ds nks rykas dks laxzgky; eas ifjofrZr dj fn;k ;gk¡ ij 'kkgtgk¡ fof'k"V ykxs kas ls dkfs guwj ghjk&
x;k gSA bleas eqxy dkfyd rFkk fczfV'k dkfyd tfM+r e;jw flagklu ij cSBdj feyrk FkkA
gfFk;kj] oL= vkSj midj.k j[ks gSA flagklu dk vkdkj e;wj tSlk gS] blfy, bls
e;jw flagklu dgk x;kA dkfs guwj ghjk ogh ghjk
ykgkSjh xVs ls nhokus&,&vke eas ço's k gS] ftls ukfnj 'kkg Hkkjr ls ywVdj bjZ ku ys
djrs gSaA nhokus&,&vke eas 'kkgtgk¡ vke turk x;kA orZeku esa ;g ghjk fczVsu dh egkjkuh ds
ls feyrk FkkA og laxejej ls cus Å¡ps flgkalu rkt dh 'kkHs kk c<+k jgk gAS dkyt;h iafä&^geh
ij cBS rk FkkA ;gh ij turk dh Qfj;kn lquh vLrk]s geh vLrk]s geh vLrk*] ¼;fn /kjrh ij
tkrh Fkh vkjS vijkf/k;kas dks gkFkh ds iSjksa ls dgha LoxZ gS rks ;gh gSa] ;gh gaS] ;gh gSa½ Hkh
bekjr ds blh fgLls ij fy[kh gSA gkyk¡fd ;g
vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 iafä d'ehj ds lanHkZ eas FkhA bekjr ds blh

37

djus ds fy, djok;k FkkA blh efLtn ds ikl
;equk unh dh vkjs [kqyus okyk xqIr njoktk Hkh
gSA vaxzstks }kjk fdys ij dCtk djus ds i'pkr
vafre eqxy ckn'kkg cgknqj 'kkg tQj blh
njokts ls fudy Hkkxk FkkA gkykfa d ckn eas idMs
x, vkSj vaxzstks us mUgsa vkthou dkjkokl dh
ltk nsdj jaxwu eas utjcan dj fn;k FkkA ogh
ij mUgkaus s vafre lkal yh A

okWj eseksfj;y laxzgky; efLtn ds i'pkr ckxs&,&g;kr vkrk
gSA g;kr ;kfu LoxZ ;k tUurA blesa pkSM+s
fgLls ij fy[kh gSA gkyk¡fd ;g iafä d'ehj ds xfy;kjkas ds nkus kas rjQ gfj;kyh vkSj Qyw kas ds
lanHkZ esa FkhA ikS/ks gksrs FksA ckx eas ikuh cgrk jgrk FkkA
djq ku esa tUur dh dYiuk eas ,ls s gh ckx dk
ukScr[kkuk ls vkxs mRrj dh vksj ^okWj o.kZu gSA ckx ds ,d vkSj lkou rFkk nwljh vkSj
eseksfj;y laxzgky;* gSA ;g vke turk ds fy, Hkknkas bekjr gSA ;gk¡ ij nhi tykus] laxhr
lqcg 9%00 cts ls ‚kke 5%00 cts rd [kqyk jgrk lquus rFkk ”f=e o"kkZ djokus dh O;oLFkk FkhA
gS vkSj izR;sd lkseokj dks can jgrk gSA Hkwry ckn'kkg dk tc Hkh ckfj'k dk vkuan ysus dk eu
vkSj igyh efa ty ij cuk ;s laxzgky; mu djrk Fkk] ^lkou&Hkknks* eas pys vkrs FksA bu lc
Hkkjrh;ksa dks lefiZr gS ftUgkasus ns‛k ds fy, bekjrksa ds e/; eas [kqys LFkku ij 'kke dks ^ykbV
vaxzstksa ds fo:) yM+rs gq, ohjxfr dks izkIr gq,A ,aM lkmMa * 'kks gksrk gSA bl 'kks esa bl fdys ds
bfrgkl ds ckjs eas tkudkjh nh tkrh gSA
blds i'pkr~ vkSjaxtsc }kjk fuekZ.k
djk;h xbZ efLtn vkrh gSA lsD;qyj] f/kEeh yky fdyk ;equk unh ds rV ij fLFkr
bfrgkldkj fy[krs gSa fd og vR;ra /kkfedZ gSA fdys ds pkjkas vkSj xgjk] pkSM+k ukyk gS
O;fä FkkA djq ku dh çfr;ka fy[kdj rFkk Vksih ftleas fdys dh lqj{kk dks vHk|s cukus grs q ikuh
flydj cpsa us ls gksus okyh vk; ls mlus bl çokfgr gksrk jgrk FkkA lHkh njoktksa ij ykgs s
efLtn dk fuekZ.k 'kkgh ifjokj }kjk uekt vrk dh yach] eksVh] uqdhyh dhys Bkasdh x;h gS rkfd
gkFkh vius flj ds çgkj ls bu etcwr njoktksa
dks u rksM+ ik,Aa fdys ds vanj fLFkr cSjdksa esa
igys eqxy lSfud] rRi'pkr~ vaxzsth lSfud vkSj
vktknh ds ckn Hkkjrh; lSfud jgrs FksA o’kZ
2003 ls cSjdksa dks Hkkjrh; lSfudkas ls Hkh [kkyh
djk fy;k x;k gSA

,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g fd yky
fdyk fcdk ugha gS cfYd Mkyfe;k Hkkjr xqzi dks
25 djksM+ #i, ds dUVªSDV ij vxys ik¡p lky
ds fy, j[kj[kko grs q fn;k x;k gSA



vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 38

Hkkjr esa efgykvksa dh lkekftd vkSj dkuuw h fLFkfr

& vf/koDrk ehuw pkSgku
Ckh-,-] ,y,ych] ,y,y,e

¼fgna h vuqokn & Jherh vpZuk egs jk] çca/kd] ,u,l,QMhlh½

lkj dh yxHkx 2@3
efgyk vkcknh dks
Þf}/kk”RokReuks nsge/ksZu i#q "kksHkor~A ifr;kas }kjk fu;af=r
v/ksZu ukjh rL;ka l fojktel`tRçHkq%AA** fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr
e]sa vf/kdk'a k lkl viuh cgqvksa ds çfr Øwj gaS
¼vFkkZr~ bl lalkj ds nks Hkkx djds ,d vkSj ngts dh ekax iwjh u gksus ij vufxur
iq#"k vkSj nwljk L=h cuk;kA½ ;qok ifRu;ksa dks tyk fn;k tkrk gSA

lekt dk fuekZ.k L=h ,oa iq#’k ds ifjp;
la;kxs ls gqvk gS] vr% lekt ds lapkyu ds
fy, ftruh vko‛;drk iq#’k dh gS mruh gh lekt'kkL=h us fofHkUu /kkj.kkvkas dks
L=h dh Hkh gSA izkphu le; ls L=h us lekt ds çfrikfnr djds efgykvksa dk o.kZu fd;k FkkA
fodkl ,oa lja{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ ;kxs nku fn;k gSA Hkkjr es]a bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd efgykvkas dks ,d
nSoh; 'kfä ekuk tkrk gS ysfdu cgqlkafL”rd
lalkj dh jpuk ls] L=h&iq#"k dk la;ksx Hkkjrh; lekt us efgykvkas dks fofHkUu çfrf"Br
oa'ko`f) vkSj oSf'od fopkjkas ds fodkl ds fy, inkas ij j[kk gSA bl çdkj] Hkkjrh; lekt esa
lcls egRoi.w kZ vko';drk lkfcr gqvk gSA efgykvksa dh ,d leku fLFkfr ugha gSA gkyk¡fd]
fdlh lH;rk dh Hkkouk dks le>us] bldh lH;rk us efgykvkas dh fLFkfr ds lexz mRFkku
mR”"Vrk dh ljkguk djus vkSj bldh lhek dks dks fn[kk;kA bfrgkldkj jksfeyk Fkkij ds
tkuus ds loksZÙke rjhdksa eas ls ,d efgykvkas dh vuqlkj &
fLFkfr vkSj fLFkfr dk v/;;u djuk gSA L=h ds
fcuk ifjokj dh lajpuk vlaHko gSA ukjh ifjokj “Within the Indian sub-continent
dk ,d egRoi.w kZ /kqjh gS tks lekt dk eyw vax there have been infinite variations
gSA gkyk¡fd] lekt eas ifjokj dh ç”fr vkSj on the status of women diverging
lajpuk fHkUu gksrh gSA ifjokj eas fofHkUu vk;q according to cultural malice,
lewgkas] fyax vkSj ihf<+;ksa ls lacaf/kr lnL; family structure, class, caste
'kkfey gSaA Hkkjrh; ifjokj eas fLFkfr dk fu/kkZj.k property rights and morals.”
dkjd lsDl gSA efgyk lnL; vDlj fofHkUu
dkjdkas ds dkj.k xkS.k gksrh gSaA ,d efgyk dk ^^Hkkjrh; mi&egk}hi ds Hkhrj lkaL”frd
vf/kdkj ifr dh fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA }s"k] ikfjokfjd lajpuk] oxZ] tkfr laifÙk ds
vf/kdkj vkSj uSfrdrk ds vuqlkj efgykvksa
;g lp gS fd vkt rd lekt iq#"k dh fLFkfr esa fHkUurk,a gSaA**
ç/kku gSA L=h dk thou nklrk ds leku gksrk
gS] ;|fi mls ?kjksa eas nsork ds :i esa iwtk tkrk Hkkjrh; n'kZu efgykvkas dks nkgs js pfj=
gSA la;qä jk"Vª dh fjiksVsZa crkrh gaS fd efgyk,a ds lkFk çLrqr djrk gSA ,d vksj] mls tuuh]
nqfu;k dh vkcknh dk vk/kk fgLlk gSaA nqfu;k /kS;Zoku vkSj ijksidkjh ekuk tkrk gS] ysfdu

vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 39

nwljh vksj mls vkØked ekuk tkrk gS vkjS og tks vc dke dj jgh gSa vkSj Lora= :i ls vkxs
^'kfä* ekuh tkrh gSA c<+ jgh gSa] ;g /kkj.kk nsrh gSa fd Hkkjrh;
efgykvksa dh fLFkfr eas dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gSA og
Hkkjr esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr & ,d ,fs rgkfld vc jktuhfrd :i ls 'kfä'kkyh gS ysfdu NksVs
ifjçs{; 'kgjkas] xzkeh.k bykdksa ;k 'kgj dh >qfXx;kas ea]s
og vHkh Hkh lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd mRihM+u
efgykvksa dks u dsoy ?kjsyw thou esa >syrh gSA
cfYd lekt ds fy, /kqjh ekuk tkrk gSA ;g
egkdkO;kas ds v/;;u ls Li"V gksrk gSA Jh Hkkjr ds lafo/kku us mls og leku
fot; 'kekZ dkSf'kd vkSj lqJh cys k jkuh }kjk vf/kdkj çnku fd;k gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh mls
fo'k"s kr% efgykvkas ds lanHkZ eas lkekt ds fofHkUu vius thou esa vU;k; dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk
pj.kksa dk v/;;u fofHkUu ;qxkas eas efgykvkas dh gSA cykRdkj] o's ;ko`fÙk] ngts gR;k] ;kSu
,d lPph rLohj çLrrq djrk gSA mUgkusa s ns[kk mRihM+u] dU;k Hkw.z k gR;k vkSj dU;k Hkw.z k gR;k
fd ,d ukdS jkuh u dsoy ?kj ij dksey Lusg ds :i eas efgykvkas ds f[kykQ fgalk lekt esa
vkSj ns[kHkky dh oLrq Fkh] cfYd mldh f'k{kk O;kid :i ls çpfyr gSA ;g Hkkouk c<+rh tk
dk Hkh /;ku j[kk tkrk Fkk vkSj mls egRoi.w kZ jgh gS fd efgyk,a vf/kd lw{e vkSj ifjofrZr
drZO;ksa dk ikyu djuk gksrk FkkA fookg dh rjhdkas ls Hkns Hkko vkSj v{kerk ls ihfM+r gSaA bl
ons h ij dHkh Hkh L=h dh cfy ugha nh tkrh FkhA çdkj mPp inksa ij efgykvkas dk nkgs jk vfLrRo
mUgsa viuk thou lkFkh pquus dh Hkh vuqefr vkSj fQj Hkh fofHkUu çdkj ds d"Vksa ls xqtjuk
FkhA jkek;.k esa lhrk vkSj egkHkkjr eas ækSinh ds tkjh gSA
mnkgj.kkas us bl rF; dks lkfcr fd;k FkkA
^dU;knku* dk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd mldh fuEu fiNys nl o"kkasZ ds nkSjku ,d cgrq gh
lkekftd fLFkfr gSA fookg dh /kkfeZd ç”fr us vk'kkoknh fodkl gqvk gS] ,d efgyk vkna kys u
Hkh cgqfookg lekt eas iRuh dh fLFkfr dks dk mn; ftleas efgykvkas us vlekurk]
etcwr fd;kA og ,d ifjokj dh /kjq h FkhA fir`lÙkkRed ewY;ksa vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ lkekftd
efgykvksa ij ifjokj dh le`f) vkSj Hkfo"; dh lajpuk ds f[kykQ vkokt mBkuh 'kq: dj nh
larku fuHkjZ FkhA mUgsa cPpksa dk fuekZrk] j{kd gSA efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dks c<+kus ds fy, vkSj
vkSj f'k{kd ekuk tkrk FkkA vf/kd ldkjkRed dne viukus dh vko';drk
gS rkfd vf/kd bafnjk xka/kh] fot;y{eh iafMr]
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; efgyk,a & orZeku fLFkfr fdj.k csnh vkjS utek gsirqYyk tUe ys ldas
vkSj Hkkjr dh gekjh iwoZ jk"Vªifr Jherh çfrHkk
efgykvksa dh fLFkfr ds lanHkZ esa bfrgkl ikfVy dh rjg ns'k ij 'kklu dj ldAsa
dk v/;;u djus ij] ;g mYys[k fd;k tk
ldrk gS fd fo'k"s k :i ls oxZ lekt dh vkt gj dkuwu efgykvkas ds i{k eas gSA
LFkkiuk vkSj mÙkj oSfnd dky eas futh laifÙk fganw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1956 dh /kkjk 6 esa
tek djus dh ço`fÙk ds ckn] lekt eas efgykvkas gkfy;k la'kk/s ku] tks cfs V;ksa dks lgnkf;d laifÙk
dh fLFkfr us fir`lÙkkRed ewY;ksa dks çHkkfor eas leku vf/kdkj nsrk g]S ,d Li"V mnkgj.k
fd;kA gSA blds vykok] lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 14 vkSj
15 efgykvkas dks leku ntkZ vkSj efgykvkas ds
bl vof/k ds nkSjku ,d efgyk us u fy, fo'k"s k dkuwu] fganw fookg vf/kfu;e] 1955]
dsoy ,d ghu fLFkfr ij dCtk dj fy;k] bl çko/kku ds rgr miyC/k fdlh Hkh vk/kkj
cfYd ;g eglwl fd;k x;k fd mldh fLFkfr ij /kkjk 13¼1½¼,½ ds rgr rykd ysus dh
lekt esa iq#"kkas ds v/khu FkhA e/;e oxZ dh vuqefr nsrk gS vkjS /kkjk 13¼2½ dsoy iRuh dks
f'kf{kr efgyk,]a fo'ks"k :i ls cM+s 'kgjh {ks=kas esa] rykd ysus ds fy, pkj fo'k"s k vk/kkj nsrh gS]

vufq ofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021 40

fganw vYila[;d vkSj laj{kdrk vf/kfu;e] 1956] lekt esa tUe ysus dk vf/kdkj] thus dk
fganw nÙkd xzg.k vkSj j[kj[kko vf/kfu;e] 1956] vf/kdkj [kks fn;k gSA dU;k Hkzw.k gR;k dk c<+rk
ngts fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e] vkSj Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk] vekuoh; ”R; mlds thou ds vf/kdkj ds
1860 dh /kkjk 498&,] fo'k"s k :i ls vius ifr mYya?ku dk ,d Toyar mnkgj.k gSA ;g
vkSj fj'rsnkjksa }kjk iRuh ds f[kykQ Øwjrk ds vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; efgykvkas dh rLohj gSA gsujh
fy, ltk ls lacaf/kr] lHkh efgykvksa ds i{k eas us Bhd gh dgk gS% ^ukjh dks iq#"k ls ckgj
gSaA ?kj vkSj dk;ZLFky ij efgykvksa ds 'kk"s k.k ds fudkyk x;k] u fd mlds flj ls mlds Åij
f[kykQ dbZ lkekftd laxBu vkSj vk;kxs dke 'kklu djus ds fy,] u gh mldh rjQ ls
dj jgs gSaA mlds cjkcj gksus ds fy,] cfYd mldh ckgkas ds
uhps ls mldh j{kk ds fy, vkSj mlds fny ds
Lokeh foosdkuan ds vulq kj Þukjh mruh ikl ls mls I;kj djus ds fy,A* ysfdu og
gh lkglh gS ftruk dh iq#"kßA efgyk,a Hkh bu vHkh Hkh bl in dk bra tkj dj jgh gaSA
dkuwuksa vkSj vf/kdkjksa ls voxr gSa vkSj vius
vf/kdkjksa ds fy, yM+ jgh gSaA nqHkkZX; ls] mlus

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vufq ofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 41

rukoeqDr thou

gjh'k jk;tknk]
mi çca/kd

rukoeqDr thou ds fy, lcls igyk jgus ds fy, ges'kk ;g
dne gS fd tks gekjs ikl gS mldk vkuan ysa lkspks tks gqvk og vPNk
vkSj tks ugha gS mls ;kn dj nq-[kh u gksAa gqvk] tks gks jgk gS
Hkxoku ls Hkh f'kdk;r u djAsa fufeRr Hkko ls vPNk gks jgk gS vkSj tks
deZ dj]sa eu dh [kq'kh xeq u gksus nAsa gj ^gkj* gksxk og Hkh vPNk gksxkA mlh eas HkykbZ Nqih gqbZ
gesa dqN fl[kkrh gSA vius vki dks vdsyk gS] tks vHkh fn[k ugha jghA
eglwl u djsaA bZ'oj gekjk lkFkh gSA
vxj ge fdlh dk vknj djrs gSa vkSj
ruko ds dkj.k Mk;fcVht ,oa jDrpki og gekjk fujknj djrk gS rks Hkh viuh lksp dks
dh leL;k gks ldrh gSA ân; jkxs dk eq[; ldkjkRed cuk,a j[kAsa viuk fo'okl ,ls k cuk
dkj.k ruko gSA lqcg mBdj lSj djus ls ysa fd eSa og d:axk ftlls ejs k eu larq"V gkxs kA
LokLF; vPNk jgrk gS vkSj rukoeqDr eglwl eu eas fdlh ds çfr udkjkRed Hkkouk,a ugha
djrs gSaA fdlh Hkh ckr dks fy[kus ls ruko vkSj vkus nAsa egkRek xk/a kh th ds rhu canj ^cqjk uk
ihM+k de gks tkrh gSA dye dks pykvks ruko ns[ks*a ] ^cqjk uk ckys s*a vkSj ^cqjk uk lqus* ds
HkxkvkAs loZ'kfäeku Hkxoku gekjk lkFkh gS] lkFk&lkFk ^cqjk uk lksps*a tkMs + ysAa vxj dkbs Z
lQyrk gekjk tUefl) vf/kdkj gS] bl ckr dks xyrh gksrh gS rks rqjar {kek ekax ysaA NksVksa dks
ckj&ckj Le`fr esa ykvksA fdlh Hkh ckr dks Lusg nsa vkSj cM+ksa dk vknj dj]sa fdlh dh
lqudj QSykvks ugha] rHkh vki ml ckr dks Hkkoukvkas dks Bsl u igaqpk,]a nwljksa dh dfe;ka
vklkuh ls Hkyw ldxsa As fdlh Hkh ?kVuk ds ckjs esa ckj&ckj uk fudky]sa ugha rks os ,d fnu os vki
T;knk u lksapAs ftruk lkspxsa ]s ifjfLFkfr mruk eas vk tk,xa hA vius dks T;knk le>nkj vkSj
fodjky :i /kkj.k djrh tk,xhA cfs QØ nwljksa dks ew[kZ uk le>asA
ckn'kkg cu dj th,aA ftl ckr ls ruko gksrk
gS muls cpsa A ,d ckj ,d iknjh us fdlh O;fä ls
iwNk fd vki dbZ yksx vkil eas fey&tqy dj
dHkh Hkh viuh rqyuk nwljkas ls uk djAsa jgrs gSaA bldk jkt D;k gS\ iknjh us lqanj&lk
rqyuk djus ls eu dh [kq'kh u"V gks tkrh gSA mRrj fn;k fd ge ,d&nwljs dh fo'k"s krkvkas dks
,d ckj ,d cPps ds 91 çfr'kr vad vk, vkSj ns[krs gSa A ftruk ge nwljksa dh cjq kb;ksa ns[ksxa ]s
nwljs cPps ds 90 çfr'kr vad vk,A 91% vad vius fy, mrus gh 'k=q r;S kj djsxa As vxj gekjh
ykus okys cPps dk pquko gks x;k vkSj 90% vad dkeuk,a lkS çfr'kr gS rks gekjh [kq'kh 'kwU; gSA
ykus okys dk ugha gqvk ftl dkj.k mldks bruk vxj gekjh dkeuk,a 'kwU; gksxh rks gekjh [kq'kh
fMçs'ku gqvk fd yacs le; rd bykt pykA gj lkS çfr'kr gksxhA vxj [kq'kh u"V rks 'kkfa r Hkh
O;fä dks vius HkkX; ds vuqlkj feyrk gSA dkbs Z u"VA fdlh dh ftanxh eas n[ky nsdj viuh
fdlh dk HkkX; Nhu ugha ldrkA dbZ ykxs fLFkfr [kjkc ugha djsAa thou thus dh dyk dks
ges'kk fpark eas jgrs gSa fd gekjs lkFk Hkfo"; eas tkudj ftanxh dk vkuan ysAa bl çdkj ruko
D;k gksxk] gekjk Hkfo"; dSlk gksxk\ rukoeqDr eqDr o [kq'kgky thou O;rhr djAsa



vuqfofu x`g if=dk] ekpZ 2021 42

Øe vaxzsth ‚kCn lgk;d ‚kCnkoyh

1 abnormal (adj) lkStU; & Jh eg‛s k pUn] dk;Zikyd
2 abnormal demand
3 abnormal increase fgna h Ik;kZ;
4 abnormal method vuqfpr] vlkekU;] vlk/kkj.k] vLokHkkfod] vilkekU;
5 abnormal price vuqfpr ekax] vlkekU; ekax] vLokHkkfod ekax
6 abnormal profit vlkekU; o`f)] vilkekU; o`f)
7 aboard vlkekU; i)fr
8 abolish vlkekU; eYw ;
9 abolition vlkekU; ykHk] vLokHkkfod ykHk
10 above Tgkt ij] tgkt e]sa ikrs ij
11 above average lekIr djuk] mUewyu djuk
12 above board (adv) mUewyu] lekfIr] mRlknu ¼fof/k½
13 above par (adv) ds Åij] ds ijs] ls vPNk] ls vf/kd] fo‛k’s k :Ik ls mi;ZqDr
14 abridge vkSlr ls vf/kd
15 abridged report izdV :Ik ls] bZekunkjh ls
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gksus ij gkfnZd c/kkbZA ekLVj dq.kky lnSo LoLFk vkSj
LoLFk vkSj [kq‛kgky jgsA
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04 tuojh 01 Qjojh 01 ekpZ
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Jherh jus w T;ksfr jkuh Jh lqchj dqekj iky Jherh lq/kk
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06 tuojh 02 ekpZ 10 ekpZ
01 Qjojh

lqJh iwtk jkuh Jherh jpuk nsoh Jh fxj/kkjh yky Jh uohu
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02 ekpZ 14 ekpZ
09 tuojh 12 Qjojh

Jh ris‛oj iky Jh lanhi dqekj Jh lqjans z dqekj Jherh ch- fot;k y{eh
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18 tuojh
04 ekpZ 31 ekpZ

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23 tuojh 23 Qjojh gS] mlh rjg ;g tUefnol vkids fy, gj fnu]

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नेशनल शेड्यूल्ड कास्ट्स फाइनंेस एं ड डेिल्पमटंे कापोरे शन

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vuqfofu xg` if=dk] ekpZ 2021