13/2/2019 51 Academy KTM SUIS Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components SUIS MERUPAKAN SEJENIS ALAT YANG MEMUTUSKAN ALIRAN ELEKTRIK ATAUPUN MENGALIHKAN ARAH ALIRAN DARI SATU PENGALIR KE PENGALIR YANG LAIN Switch is an electric component that can "make" or "break" an electric circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another KEGUNAAN / Application MENGHIDUP ATAU MEMATIKAN SESUATU BEBAN / ALAT On or Off Load / Device MENGENDALI ARAHAN PADA LITAR KAWALAN Operations by instruction on control circuit
13/2/2019 52 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Mechanical Switches Electronic Switches (Active Elements) Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST) Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT) Double Pole Single Throw Switch (DPST) Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT) Push Button Switch Toggle Switch Limit Switch Float Switches Flow Switches Pressure Switches Temperature Switches Joystick Switch Rotary Switches Bipolar Transistors Power Diode MOSFET IGBT SCR TRIAC DIAC Gate Turn-Off Thyristor
13/2/2019 53 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST)
13/2/2019 54 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Single Pole Double Throw Switch (SPDT)
13/2/2019 55 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Double Pole Single Throw Switch (DPST)
13/2/2019 56 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Double Pole Double Throw Switch (DPDT)
13/2/2019 57 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Push Button Switch Toggle Switch Limit Switch
13/2/2019 58 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Float Switches Flow Switches Pressure Switches
13/2/2019 59 Academy KTM JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Suis Tekanan / Pressure Switch
13/2/2019 60 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Temperature Switches Joystick Switch Rotary Switches
13/2/2019 61 Academy KTM JENIS – JENIS SUIS Type of Switch JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components
13/2/2019 62 Academy KTM GEGANTI / RELAY Relay JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components RELAY ADALAH SUIS ELEKTROMAGNETIK YANG DIKENDALIKAN OLEH ARUS ELEKTRIK YANG AGAK KECIL YANG BOLEH MENGHIDUPKAN ATAU MEMUTUSKAN ARUS ELEKTRIK YANG LEBIH BESAR A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric current that can turn on or off a much larger electric current KEGUNAAN / Application MENGHIDUP ATAU MEMATIKAN SESUATU BEBAN / ALAT MELALUI ISYARAT ELEKTRIK (SUIS ELEKTRONIK) On or Off Load / Device via electric signal (electronic switch)
13/2/2019 63 Academy KTM JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components
13/2/2019 64 Academy KTM GEGANTI / RELAY BEKERJA How Relay work JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components MAGNET AKAN TERHASIL SETELAH BEKALAN ELEKTRIK PADA GEGELUNG DIBERIKAN Magnet field will be produce during power supply given to coil BAHAN PENGALIR (SUIS) YANG DISALUTI BESI AKAN TERTARIK KE DAYA MAGNET A conductor make from iron (as a switch) attract with magnetic field
13/2/2019 65 Academy KTM PENGUBAH Transformer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components MERUPAKAN ALAT MENURUNKAN ATAU MENAIKKAN VOLTAN (AC) One of Device to Up or Down Voltage (alternating current)
13/2/2019 66 Academy KTM PENGUBAH Transformer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components LILITAN PRIMARY DAN SECONDARY MENENTUKAN NILAI VOLTAN PENGUBAH • The ratio of primary to secondary turns determines a transformer’s voltage ratio. VOLTAN PRIMARY DAN ARUS SECONDARY YANG TIDAK BERUBAH IA ADALAH PENGUBAH PENGASING • The primary voltage & current are transferred unaltered to the secondary. It called an Isolation transformer. = , , PERTUKARAN NISBAH Turns Ratio
13/2/2019 67 Academy KTM PENGUBAH Transformer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components STEP UP TRANSFORMER • The voltage is increased by the turns ratio. Thus a 1:5 turns ratio will boost 5-volts at the primary into 25-volts at the secondary. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER • The voltage is reduced by the turns ratio. • Thus a 5:1 turns ratio will drop 25-volts at the primary to 5-volts at the secondary.
13/2/2019 68 Academy KTM TRANSDUCER / PEMINDAH Transducer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components SUATU ALAT YANG DAPAT MENGUBAH SUATU BENTUK TENAGA KE BENTUK TENAGA YANG LAIN Transducer is device that convert a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another
13/2/2019 69 Academy KTM TRANSDUCER / PEMINDAH Transducer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Transducer Input Process Transducer Output
13/2/2019 70 Academy KTM TRANSDUCER / PEMINDAH Transducer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Common Sensors and Transducers Quantity being Measured Input Device (Sensor) Output Device (Actuator) Light Level Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) Photodiode Photo-transistor Solar Cell Lights & Lamps LED’s & Displays Fibre Optics Temperature Thermocouple Thermistor Thermostat Resistive Temperature Detectors Heater Fan
13/2/2019 71 Academy KTM TRANSDUCER / PEMINDAH Transducer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Common Sensors and Transducers Quantity being Measured Input Device (Sensor) Output Device (Actuator) Force/Pressure Strain Gauge Pressure Switch Load Cells Lifts & Jacks Electromagnet Vibration Position Potentiometer Encoders Reflective/Slotted Opto-switch LVDT Motor Solenoid Panel Meters
13/2/2019 72 Academy KTM TRANSDUCER / PEMINDAH Transducer JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Common Sensors and Transducers Quantity being Measured Input Device (Sensor) Output Device (Actuator) Speed Tacho-generator Reflective/Slotted Opto-coupler Doppler Effect Sensors AC and DC Motors Stepper Motor Brake Sound Carbon Microphone Piezo-electric Crystal Bell Buzzer Loudspeaker
13/2/2019 73 Academy KTM JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components ACTIVE ELEMENT
13/2/2019 74 Academy KTM DIODE Diode JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components DIODE ADALAH KOMPONEN SEPARUH PENGALIR YANG MEMBENARKAN ARUS MENGALIR PADA SATU ARAH SAHAJA Diode is semiconductor devices that allow current flow in one direction. MEMPUNYAI DUA TERMINAL YANG DIKENALI SEBAGAI ANOD (+VE) DAN KATOD (-VE) It have two terminal electrodes which is anode (+ve) and cathode (-ve) DIPERBUAT DARI BAHAN SEPARUH PENGALIR/PENEBAT It made up by semiconductor materials Silicon, Si, Germanium , Ge, Selenium. KEGUNAAN / Application SUIS ELEKTRONIK SATU HALA One way Electronic switch LITAR PENERUS (AC KE DC) Rectifier circuit (AC to DC)
13/2/2019 75 Academy KTM DIODE Diode JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components DI SIMPANG, ELEKTRON BEBAS DARI BAHAN JENIS-N MENGISI RUANG/LUBANG DARI BAHAN JENIS-P. INI MEWUJUDKAN LAPISAN PENEBAT KEPADA PENGALIR DI TENGAH-TENGAH YANG DIKENALI SEBAGAI ZONE PENIPISAN (SIMPANG-PN) At the junction, free electrons from the N-type material fill holes from the P-type material. This creates an insulating layer in the middle of the diode called the depletion zone.
13/2/2019 76 Academy KTM DIODE Diode JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components APABILA HUJUNG NEGATIF LITAR DISAMBUNGKAN KE LAPISAN JENIS-N DAN HUJUNG POSITIF DISAMBUNGKAN KE LAPISAN JENIS-P, ELEKTRON AKAN MULA BERGERAK MENGISI RUANG / LUBANG DAN ZONE PENIPISAN HILANG When the negative end of the circuit is hooked up to the N-type layer and the positive end is hooked up to P-type layer, electrons and holes start moving and the depletion zone disappears.
13/2/2019 77 Academy KTM DIODE Diode JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components APABILA HUJUNG POSITIF LITAR DISAMBUNGKAN KE LAPISAN JENIS-N DAN HUJUNG NEGATIF DISAMBUNGKAN KE LAPISAN JENIS-P, ELEKTRON BEBAS BERKUMPUL DIHUJUNG DIODE DAN HOLE / LUBANG TERTUMPU DIHUJUNG YANG LAIN, SIMPANG-PN SEMAKIN MEMBESAR When the positive end of the circuit is hooked up to the N-type layer and the negative end is hooked up to the P-type layer, free electrons collect on one end of the diode and holes collect on the other. The depletion zone gets bigger.
13/2/2019 78 Academy KTM JENIS DIODE Type Of Diode JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components DIODE SYMBOL / PART APPLICATION LED (Light Emitting Diode) Indicator, Large-screen display, home Lighting Zener Diode Voltage Regulator (DC) (Limiting voltage across its terminals in) Photodiode Communications (Fiber optic link, Optical remote control) Safety equipment (Smoke detector, Production Monitor, etc.)
13/2/2019 79 Academy KTM TRANSISTOR Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components TRANSISTOR ADALAH KOMPONEN ELKTRONIK KECIL YANG BOLEH MELAKUKAN DUA KERJA BEBEZA. BOLEH JADI PENGUAT ATAU SUIS A transistor is a miniature electronic component that can do two different jobs. It can work either as an amplifier or a switch KEGUNAAN / Application SUIS ELEKTRONIK Electronic switch PENGUAT Amplifier
13/2/2019 80 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Bipolar Junction Transistor Field Effect Transistor Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Transistor
13/2/2019 81 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Bipolar Junction (BJT) PERANTI SEPARUHPENGALIR YANG TERDIRI DARI 3 LAPISAN: 3 layer semiconductor device consisting: - 2 n- and 1 p-type layers of material NPN transistor - 2 p- and 1 n-type layers of material PNP transistor TERMINAL TERDIRI DARIPADA: The terminal consist of: - Base, B (Middle) - Collector, C (Top) - Emitter, E (Bottom)
13/2/2019 82 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS(FETs) FETs ADALAH PERANTI SAMA SEPERTI BJTs: FETs a like BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) PERSAMAAN: Similarities - PENGUAT / Amplifiers - SUIS / Switching devices - LITAR PENYUAI DARI HALANGAN Impedance matching circuits PERBEZAAN: Differences - FET ADALAH PERANTI KAWALAN VOLTAN, MANAKALA BJT ADALAH PERANTI KAWALAN ARUS FETs are Voltage Controlled devices whereas BJTs are Current Controlled devices
13/2/2019 83 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS(FETs) o JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor) o MOSFET ( Metal- Oxide Field-Effect Transistor)
13/2/2019 84 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components THYRISTOR PERSAMAAN DENGAN DUA DIODE YANG DISAMBUNG SECARA SIRI TETAPI MEMPUNYAI SAMBUNGAN TAMBAHAN GATE Resembles two junction diodes connected in series, but have extra gate connection at the bottom THYRISTOR SEPERTI 2 TRANSISTOR NPN & PNP: Thyristor like 2 transistor NPN & PNP GATE SEBAGAI “MOTOR PENGHIDUP” UNTUK AKTIFKANNYA The gate as a “starter motor” to active them
13/2/2019 85 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components IGBT (INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR) MEMPUNYAI TIGA TERMINAL Resembles It have three terminal GABUNGAN SEPERTI MOSFET N-CHANNEL (MASUKAN) & PNP BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR (KELUARAN) Thyristor like 2 transistor NPN & PNP COLLECTOR,EMITTER, DUA TERMINAL INI MEMBENARKAN KONDUKTIVITI ARUS MELALUINYA, DENGAN TERMINAL GATE MENGAWAL ALAT INI Collector, emmitter, two of its terminal (C-E) are associated with the conductance path which passes current, its third terminal (G) controls the device KAWALAN SUIS IGBT SEPERTI CIRI BIOPOLAR TRANSISTOR, TETAPI KAWALAN VOLTAN SEPERTI MOSFET IGBT output switching and conduction characteristics of bipolar transistor but is voltage-controlled like a MOSFET IGBT = BJT + MOSFET
13/2/2019 86 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components IGBT (INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR) KOMPONEN SEPARA PENGALIR INI BIASANYA DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI SUIS ELEKTRONIK, DIBINA DENGAN TAHAP KECEKAPAN DAN KETEPATAN YANG SANGAT CEPAT SEBAGAI SUIS (ON-OFF) three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as an electronic switch which, as it was developed, came to combine high efficiency and fast switching. Applications as switches electric power Variable Frequency Drive (VFDs) [Trains] Power supplies Inverter
13/2/2019 87 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components IGBT (INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR) PENINGKATAN KUASA YANG LEBIH BESAR DARI JENIS BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR, DIGABUNGKAN DENGAN PENGOPERASIAN VOLTAN YANG LEBIH TINGGI DAN KURANG KEHILANGAN KUASA BERBANDING MOSFET Greater power gain than the standard bipolar type transistor combined with the higher voltage operation losses of the MOSFET
13/2/2019 88 Academy KTM JENIS TRANSISTOR Type of Transistors JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components PERBANDINGAN / Comparison
13/2/2019 89 Academy KTM LITAR BERSEPADU Integrated circuit (IC) JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components KANDUNGAN KOMPONEN SEPERTI TRANSISTOR, BOLEH DIMUATKAN SEHINGGA 100,000 It can contain until 100,000 transistor in IC’s KEGUNAAN / Application LITAR KAWALAN KOMPLEKS PADA PCB LAPTOP, PHONE, PERALATAN ELEKTRONIK, Complex control circuit for PCB laptop, phone and other electronic device
13/2/2019 90 Academy KTM LITAR BERSEPADU Integrated circuit (IC) JENIS KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIK Types of Electronic Components Analog (Linear) • Amplify or respond to variable voltages. • Applications • Amplifier • Timers • Oscillators • Voltage Reguators. Digital (Logic) • IC’s respond to or produce signals having only two state ‘0’ or ‘1’ • Applications • Memories • Microprocessor • Many kind of simpler chip
13/2/2019 91 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR PENJANA ELEKTRIK Electrical Generator KEGUNAAN / Application Bekalan Kuasa ke rumah dan Industri kita datang dari penjana elektrik yang besar. Ia adalah peranti yang menukar gerakan berputar ke tenaga elektrik Power to our homes and other Industrial comes from huge electrical generators. These are devices that convert rotating motion to electricity
13/2/2019 92 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR PENJANA ELEKTRIK Electrical Generator ALAT / COMPONEN SIMBOL / SYMBOL Alternator * Explanation via video
13/2/2019 93 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR PENJANA ELEKTRIK (HIDROELEKTRIK) Electrical Generator (Hydroelectric) KEGUNAAN / Application Terdapat pelbagai cara yang boleh anda berikan kepada gerakan penjana. Sebagai contoh, air di empangan boleh digunakan untuk menghidupkan penjana (kuasa hidroelektrik). There are many different ways you can provide the rotating motion to the generator. For example, water in a dam can be used to turn the generator (hydroelectric power).
13/2/2019 94 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR PENJANA ELEKTRIK (TERMAL) Electrical Generator (Steam Power Stations) KEGUNAAN / Application Terdapat pelbagai cara yang boleh anda berikan kepada gerakan penjana. Sebagai contoh, air di empangan boleh digunakan untuk menghidupkan penjana (kuasa hidroelektrik). Kebanyakan stesen kuasa menggunakan wap untuk menghidupkan penjana. Wap itu dibuat oleh pemanasan air, yang mana menggunakan sumber tenaga seperti minyak, gas, arang batu, atau kuasa nuklear. Many power stations use steam to turn the generator. The steam is made by heating water, which can be done by energy sources such as oil, gas, coal, or nuclear power.
13/2/2019 95 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR PENJANA ELEKTRIK (PENJANA ENJIN DISEL) Electrical Generator (Diesel Generator) KEGUNAAN / Application Ejin Disel juga digunakan untuk menghasilkan Tenaga Elektrik. Sebagai contoh, Genset yang digunapakai sebagai Penjana mudah alih, Lokomotif bagi Industri Keretapi, Engine digunakan untuk memusingkan Alternator. Diesel Engine is also used to produce Electric Power. For example, Genset used as a Portable Generator, Locomotive for the Rail Industry, Engine is used to turn the Alternator.
13/2/2019 96 Academy KTM PENJANA / ALTERNATOR GENERATOR / ALTERNATOR BAGAIMANA ELEKTRIK DIHANTAR KE RUMAH ANDA? How Electricity Gets To Your Home?
13/2/2019 97 Academy KTM BEKALAN KUASA ARUS TERUS (AT) POWER SUPPLY (DC) BEKALAN KUASA ELEKTRIK (AT) DC Power Supply ALAT / COMPONEN SIMBOL / SYMBOL Battery Power Adaptor
13/2/2019 98 Academy KTM MOTOR Motor ALAT / COMPONEN SIMBOL / SYMBOL Motor * Explanation via video
13/2/2019 99 Academy KTM APLIKASI ELEKTRIK APLICATION OF ELECTRIC Elektromagnet / Electromagnet Kesan Magnet Bagi Suatu Konduktor Yang Membawa Arus Magnetic Effect For A Conductor That Carries Current Flow Elektromagnet (electromagnet) ialah suatu magnet yang medan magnetnya dihasilkan oleh aliran arus elektrik (the flow of electric current). Electromagnet is a magnetic field generated by the flow of electric current Kemagnetan suatu elektromagnet adalah sementara (temporary magnet), yang mana ianya boleh dimagnetkan (magnetised) dan dinyahmagnetkan (demagnetised). Electromagnetic magnetism is temporary, which can be magnetized and demagnetized. Satu elektromagnet ringkas boleh dibentuk dengan melilitkan 20 pusingan dawai kuprum tertebat (insulated) pada teras besi lembut (soft iron core) seperti paku besi (iron nail) lembut. Paku besi akan menjadi suatu magnet apabila elektrik dihidupkan. A simple electromagnet can be formed by wounding 20 rounds of insulated copper wire in a soft iron core like a soft iron nail. Iron nails will become a magnet when the electric on
13/2/2019 100 Academy KTM ASAS SIMBOL ALAT ELEKTRIK BASIC SYMBOL OF ELECTRIC COMPONEN Relay @