Ler's RecalI Based on your understanding, tick (V ) the correct option. 1.b.; 2. b.; 3. c.; 4. a. State whether the tollowing statements are true or false and rewrite the statements to correct them. incorrce 1. True 2. False. Salimullah Khan was the founder of the Muslim League. 3. False. Ihe Indian National Congress cooperated with the British during the First Wora War. 4. False. The Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference. ll, Answer the following in one sentence. 1. The lbert Bill (1883) allowed judees of Indian origin to try Europeans in India, it was amended because the Europeans reacted harshly to it. 2. The GOvernment of India Act passed by the British in 1909 was also known as the Morley-Minto reforms. 3. A moderate leader of the Congress was WC Bonneriee and two radical leaders of the Congress were Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Aurobindo CGhose. 4. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave wide powers to the British government to arrest ana imprison any person for an indefinite period without any trial; this was specihcally done to suppress Indian nationalists. 5. The term Pakistan (Land of (the) Pure) was originally coined in 1933 by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Movement activist, in his pamphlet titled, Now or Never. V. Answer the following questions in brief. 1. Allan O Hume, a retired British civil servant, helped in the formation of the Indian National Congress, in 1885, in order to provide a platform for articulating nationalist demands. 2. The demands of the moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress were as follows: greater voice for Indians in the government and in administration reforms to make the legislative councils more representative greater freedom of speech and expression for the lIndians reduction in expenditure on military matters reduction of taxes in general and land revenue in particular change in the arbitrary economic policies of the colonial state 83
ilities in rura eas, 1strtuction of irrigation works and reduction in the salt tax, in add constr ion to the agricultural reforms rough the setting up of credit facili reduction of land revenue d War, when Britai VIctorious allies partitioned Turkey. The Sultan of Turkey, who was the nead of the Muslim world, was deprived of much of his authority. the Caliph or d territories. In ih (Note: any two can be given) was started after the First World 3. The Khilafat Movement and ffasrat Mohani started the Khilafat Movement in Support of the Calinh Wanted to start a full-fAedged non-cooperation against the 1920, British. Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Hakinm A: Aimal Kha aliph. They lo weaken feelings of nationalism in Bengal, then one of the main centre Indian National Movement. 4The British partitioned Bengal for the following reasons: To divide the Hindus and Muslims along communal lines as part of the divida rule policy of the British. and . The following methods were adopted to protest against the partition of Bengal: Swadeshi Movement, which encouraged people to use things made in India, as against those which had been produced abroad. as Boycott Movement, wherein Indians were discouraged from buying goods which w manufactured in England so that British industries would have no markets in India V. Answer the following questions in detail. 1. The five salient factors that contributed to the rise of Indian nationalism were: oppressive nature of colonial expansion and brutal methods of land revenue colleci lack of popular support for legislations of social reform policy of racial discrimination in administration introduction of the postal system, common currency, railways and telegraphsys which helped to link the different parts of the country together .introduction of the English language as a medium of communication for peop le throughout the country 2. The radicals and moderates were different in their approach and method of opei the following ways: eration Moderates They wanted Radicals gradual reforms and not They wanted grea Aim They wanted greater political independence from British rule. They concessions and io concessions and felt that the wanted the British to train Indians in Indians had to achie the art of self-government. Indians had to achieve thes these aims by themselves.
Method They adopted peaceful and constitutional methods, and pressed ways of political agitation and They adopted more radical for changes through persuasion and petitions. They also tried to mobilise brave, and patriotic and ngne public opinion through speeches and for Swaraj or Freedom. told the people to be bold, writings that were critical of British economic policies. . The Swadeshi Movement encouraged people to use things made in India, as again those which had been produced abroad. Shopkeepers were encouraged to keep Indian goods instead of British ones. Boycott meant that Indians were discouraged irom buying goods which were manufactured in England so that British industries would hnd no market in India. Bonfires were made of British-made goods in many parts of India. In many places, British schools, colleges and universities were also boycotted. The key features of Gandhijïs anti-colonial struggle were the following: satyagraha based on the ideals of truth and non-violence peaceful non-cooperation that included boycott of all British institutions and offices, picketing of shops selling foreign goods and renunciation of titles awarded by the British government integrated social reforms along with the freedom struggle, a crusade to root out social evils like untouchability initiated constructive programmes for the economic uplift of Indian villagers; Gandhiji believed that khadi (or home-spun cloth) would make the poor self-reliant. The All India Spinners' Association and Khaddar Bhandars were set up in different parts of the country. 4. The revolutionary nationalism came into existence because many people associated with the National Movement were not happy with the slow pace of change and advocated the use of violence to overthrow the British. Some of their actions included assassinations of British officials and looting money and arms. They also established secret societies. Some of the revolutionaries even started organisations outside India. Some of these organisations sent arms and ammunitions to revolutionaries in India. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were several incidences of armed resistance around the country. 5. The Two-Nation Theory stated that the Hindus and the Muslims were not merely two separate religious communities, but were also culturally and racially different. rect Action Day was observed by the Muslim League on 16 August 1946, to reiterate their cmand for a state of Pakistan. Till the early 1920s, relations berween the Muslim League and demand for a ongress were cordial. But they began to have serious differences in the 1930s. HinduUslim riots broke out in Calcutta killing thousands of people. Riots spread to other parts of the country as well. 85
They adopted peaceful and constitutional methods, and pressed ways of political agitation and Method They adopted more radical | for changes through persuasion and petitions. They also tried to mobilise public opinion through speeches and for Swaraj or Freedom. told the people to be bold, brave, and patriotic and hght writings that were critical of British economic policies. 3. The Swadeshi Movement encouraged people to use things made in India, as against those which had been produced abroad. Shopkeepers were encouraged to keep Indian goods instead of British ones. Boycott meant that Indians were discouraged fromm buying goods which were manufactured in England so that British industries would find no market in lIndia. Bonfires were made of British-made goods in many parts of India. In many places, British schools, colleges and universities were also boycotted. The key features of Gandhijïs anti-colonial struggle were the following: satyagraha based on the ideals of truth and non-violence peaceful non-cooperation that included boycott of all British institutions and offices, picketing of shops selling forcign goods and renunciation of titles awarded by the British government integrated social retorms along with the freedom struggle, a crusade to root out social evils like untouchability initiated constructive programmes for the economic uplift of Indian villagers Gandhiji believed that khadi (or home-spun cloth) would make the poor self-reliant. The All India Spinners Association and Khaddar Bhandars were set up in different parts of the country. 4. The revolutionary nationalism came into existence because many people associated with the National Movement were not happy with the slow pace of change and advocated the use of violence to overthrow the British. Some of their actions included assassinations of British officials and looting money and arms. They also established secret societies. Some the revolutionaries even started organisations outside India. Some of these organisations sent arms and ammunitions to revolutionaries in India. In the 1920s and 1930s, there were several incidences of armed resistance around the country. 5. The Two-Nation Theory stated that the Hindus and the Muslims were not merely two separate religious communities, but were also culturally and racially different. Direct Action Day was observed by the Muslim League on 16 August 1946, to reiterate their dcmand for a state of Pakistan. Till the early 1920s, relations berween the Muslim League and ne Congress were cordial. But they began to have serious difterences in the 1930s. Hindu- Uslim riots broke out in Calcutta killing thousands of people. Riots spread to other parts of the country as well.