EEICE 2022 VOL1

Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
Online : December 2022

Extended Abstracts of Final Year Projects Volume 1

MEDICATION MONITORING SYSTEM

Muhammad Ady Nuqman Ahmad Fuad, Muhamad Naim Che Rosman, Nur Idawati Md Enzai

page 2

AUTOMATIC SOLAR-POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Muhammad Arifuddin Bin Rosdin, Muhammad Bin Noh, Ku Siti Syahidah binti Ku Mohd Noh, Mazratul Firdaus binti Mohd Zin
page 4

CHICKEN FEEDER SYSTEM AND WATER DISPENSER USING ON/OFF SWITCH AND
TIMER IC NE555

Muhammad Aqil Mohammad Hanafi, Muhammad Aminuddin Mohamed Azhar, Insanul Quddus Zohan Arifin, Wan Ahmad

Khusairi Wan Chek

page 7

IOT BASED FEEDER FOR RABBIT FARM

Nurin Jazlina Binti Zulkepple, Nurul Athirah Binti Mohamad Nazri, Mohd Amir Hamzah bin Ab. Ghani, Norhayati Ahmad

ANTI SLEEP DRIVER HEADBAND page 10
page 13
Mohammad Amin Akasyaf Bin Azemi, Mohamad Najmuddin Bin Rifli, Nur Idawati Md Enzai

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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MEDICATION MONITORING SYSTEM

Muhammad Ady Nuqman Ahmad Fuad1, Muhamad Naim Che Rosman2, Nur Idawati Md Enzai3
123 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]

Abstract: By employing Internet of Things (IoT) technology implementation, a prototype medicine monitoring system is created
and put into use to assist senior citizens. The Fingerprint module is controlled by an Arduino Uno to obtain the finger's identity
image, and a DHT sensor measures the temperature of the box. A Blynk-based iOS or Android app is also being created to allow
users to track their drug use by sending and receiving temperature and fingerprint signals. The goal of this initiative is to address
the issue of people who are prescribed medication but fail to take it as prescribed, particularly elderly people living in private homes.

Keywords: Medication Monitoring System; Arduino, Fingerprint

INTRODUCTION

Growing concern has been expressed for patients, particularly elderly people who did not take their medication as
prescribed [1]. Some projects have been suggested to deal with this issue [2]. Our project uses IoT to keep track of
senior citizens' medicine intake. The monitoring system consists of two components: a temperature sensor system and
a fingerprint door lock for access. For safety reasons, a servo motor will open the container door while Blynk apps
monitor access to the container.

METHODOLOGY

Arduino, a fingerprint sensor, and a servo motor that opens and closes the box are utilised to accomplish the project.
The command will be delivered to Arduino, which is connected to the servo motor when the fingerprint is scanned by
the sensor and it matches. The box will then be unlocked when the servo motor has rotated. DHT sensor will measure
the humidity and temperature within the box. The temperature and humidity will be displayed on the LCD display
module if the temperature is not at a normal level. The data collected by this medicine monitoring system is sent to
firebase in the Blynk application. The functionality is achieved when the fingerprint sensor reads the input signal
(fingerprint). The process of scanning and matching the fingerprints comes next. The data will be transferred to the
Blynk programme if the fingerprint matches the previously saved information. The box can be opened, and the servo
motor rotates. If the fingerprint is not matched with the stored information, however, the scanning and matching process
will continue, allowing them to observe on the system.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The fingerprint system and temperature system are the two primary components of the results. If a match is made for
the fingerprint system, the servo turns to open the box and displays the message "DOOR UNLOCKED WELCOME."
If not, the servo does not rotate and the message "NOT VALID FINGER" appears. The temperature and humidity
readings will be presented for the temperature system if the temperature value is between -40°C and 29°C. The
notification "TEMPERATURE OVER 30oC" will appear if the temperature is between 30°C and 29°C.

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this project succeeds in achieving all the goals, including keeping track of senior citizens' medication intake,
protecting medical equipment from unauthorized users, as well as detecting and displaying temperature to ensure that
medications are kept at the right temperature.

REFERENCES

1. World Health Organization, 2003. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. World Health
Organization.

2. B.R. Haynes, E. Ackloo, N. Sahota, H.P. McDonald, X. Yao, Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. In
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008. 2008(2).

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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AUTOMATIC SOLAR-POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Muhammad Arifuddin Bin Rosdin1, Muhammad Bin Noh1, Ku Siti Syahidah binti Ku Mohd Noh1*,
Mazratul Firdaus binti Mohd Zin1

1School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia.

[email protected]

Abstract: A good irrigation system will supply an adequate amount of water to the plants at the correct time. The irrigation process
can be used for the cultivation of plants during the span of inadequate rainfall and for maintaining landscapes. The main objective
of this paper is to design an automatic solar-powered irrigation system to water the plants with the right amount of water so that the
plants will not die and at the same time, energy is saved. This system is created to make the user's daily life easier than before since
the process of watering the plants can be done using the user's mobile phone. The moisture sensor is placed in soil to give input to
microcontroller NodeMCU ESP 8266. Then, the user will be notified the condition of the soil moisture through the Blynk
application on their mobile phone. The solenoid water valve then receives an instruction from the microcontroller to water the plants
with the correct amount of water until the soil dryness reading shows there is enough water in the soil. The humidity and temperature
can also be read from the Blynk application. In a nutshell, this project not only can save a lot of water, but also the usage of time
and energy too since we already have an automatic system that can replace the traditional system. Besides, it is cost effective since
renewable energy is used. The usage of solar panel can fulfil the requirement of voltage, current, and power needed to operate this
system.

Keywords: Solar, irrigation system, Blynk application, soil moisture. NodeMCU

INTRODUCTION

Water and soil are the main components for plant growth and development. Plants need at least 90% of water and they
take its nutrient through the root of soil water [1]. It is compulsory to ensure that the soil has enough water so that the
plants can grow well. The process of supplying water to the plants is known as irrigation. The amount of water needed
and the frequency of irrigation is different between plants.

The implementation of an automatic irrigation system can reduce water usage, save time, and have less monitoring
needed. Referring to [2], energy consumption by the agricultural sector in Malaysia increased from 1.2% to 1.6% in 20
years. It will increase in the coming years if there is no improvement made in power management.

Along with the rapid technological advancements in the past few decades, the agriculture sector has benefited
significantly in terms of innovation. In this context, the solar irrigation system is one of the recent developments. Solar
power is energy from the sun that is converted into electrical energy and the solar-powered irrigation technique is a
solution to the energy crisis [3].

METHODOLOGY

The architecture of the overall system is shown in Figure 1. Two input sensors have been used, which are the soil
moisture sensor and D.H.T. 11. The soil moisture sensor is a simple water sensor that can detect soil moisture while
D.H.T. 11 sense the temperature and humidity of the surrounding plants. The NodeMCU ESP 8266 will send the data
to the server to be stored in the cloud server. By connecting NODEMCU ESP 8266 through Blynk, information such as
temperature, humidity, and soil moisture can be read by a smartphone. The Blynk application will send an alert to a

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user when the moisture reading is at 1024. The solenoid water valve will open to flow the water and when the reading
of moisture is adequate, the user can press OFF at the Blynk application. For the power supply, we use a 12V 250mA
6W solar panel, LM 2596 3A Buck Module with display, charge controller TP4056 and 3.7V Rechargeable LI_ION
Battery 18650 4200mAh.

Figure 1. Block diagram of overall system

RESULT AND DICUSSION

A load of the system must first be calculated before we choose the solar panel and battery capacity. For our project, we
use a solenoid water valve and NodeMCU ESP 8266 which require 1.25W to operate. Thus, we use a 6W solar panel
and 4200 mAh battery for the system operation.

Table 1 shows the voltage, current, and power needed by the water valve and NodeMCU ESP 8266 to operate an
automatic irrigation system with some assumptions made.

Table 1. Voltage, current and power needed to operate the irrigation system

Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

Water pump 5 0.2 1

NodeMCU 3.3 75 m 0.25

Total 8.3 0.28 1.25

The assumption made for this project is 6W solar panel provided 85% efficiency of solar panel. The battery used is
4200mAH with 5 hours of daylight.

6W (Solar Panels Provides) X 5(hour for daylight) = 30 Watts-hour
Energy available = 5 X 0.75(Power Needed) = 4.7 Watt-hour
Production in mAhr = (6 ÷12 ) ×5 (ℎ )=2500 ℎ

Table 2 depicts the voltage, current, and power generated by a solar panel which was quite enough to support the system
to operate as in Table 1.

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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Table 2. Voltage, current and power get by using solar to operate the irrigation system

Voltage (V) Current (A) Power (W)

Solar Panel 12 0.5 6

The result shows that by using the solar panel specification as assumed and calculated, it manages to make an automatic
irrigation system to operate. This project is suitable for small-scale agriculture like at home. Instead of users doing the
irrigation manually, they can use an automatic system like this. The limitation of this project is time. We do not have
the opportunity to test the solar panel efficiency for a longer time.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this project can ensure that the plant has the correct amount of water needed and the soil is always moist.
This automatic irrigation system powered by solar will inform the user whether the plant is in optimum moisture during
the drought based on the moisture sensor. Furthermore, by having temperature and humidity sensors on the plant, the
user can avoid drought in the soil and can monitor it through the Blynk application. In addition, this automatic irrigation
system comes with the feature of watering the plant from anywhere as NodeMCU ESP 8266 is connected to the internet.
Besides of saving water, energy can also be saved since renewable energy is used in this project.

REFERENCES

[1] G. Civeira, “Introductory Chapter: Soil Moisture,” in IntechOpen, 2019, pp. 1–3.
[2] “Malaysia Energy Statistics Handbook 2020,” 2020. [Online]. Available: www.st.gov.my.
[3] S. Harishankar, R. S. Kumar, S. K.P, U. Vignesh, and T. Viveknath, “Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System,” Adv.

Electron. Electr. Eng., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 341–346, 2014, doi: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i3.005.

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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CHICKEN FEEDER SYSTEM AND WATER DISPENSER USING
ON/OFF SWITCH AND TIMER IC NE555

Muhammad Aqil Mohammad Hanafi1, Muhammad Aminuddin Mohamed Azhar2, Insanul Quddus Zohan
Arifin3, Wan Ahmad Khusairi Wan Chek4

School1,2,3,4 of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu

[email protected]

Abstract: This project aims to assist chicken farmers in automatically feeding their chickens, allowing the farmers to focus on other
farming activities. This project feeding system is based on the detection of food weight on food trays. When the food weight on the
food tray decreases, the switch activates the power window motor, which rotates and distributes the food from the food container
to the food trays. When the food trays are full, the motor shuts down. Our project also includes a drinking system for the chicken,
which employs a timer IC NE555 and jumper wire cables as water level sensors. When the water level decreases, the motor pumps
water from the water tank into the water tray until it is full. With this project it is hope that the process chicken-raising process
becomes easier.

Keywords: food weight, power window motor, drinking system, timer IC NE555

INTRODUCTION

Young chickens or broilers may suffer from malnutrition if there is insufficient food available. Because of this
malnutrition, the young chickens grew at a slower rate than they should have. This also has an impact on the chickens,
as they are unable to lay as many eggs as they would normally due to a lack of proper nutrition[1]. In conventional
chicken feeding, food trays were hung from the ceiling to feed the chickens. This practice is still widely utilized by
chicken farmers across the nation, and there has been little advancement in the use of modern feeding equipment. This
process is both time-consuming and labor-intensive for the poultry farmer[2].This paper presents automatic food and
water dispenser that can help farmers feeds the chicken. In this project, a simple toggle switch system is used to check
on the food availability A spring attached to the food tray that acts as a weight sensor. When the food tray gets lighter,
it will pull back, turning on the motor through a switching system. The motor will turn to put the food in the tray. For
the water feeder system, water sensor is used. Once the water sensor detects the amount of water becomes low,
automatically water pump fills the water tray up. In contrast to other methods, this one does not rely on a microprocessor
to simplify the feeding system for a person with only basic knowledge of electrical engineering to do the repairing if
the system is broken.

METHODOLOGY

Figure 1 shows the switching circuitry for the water and food dispensing systems is combined in this circuit. To activate
the water output, a timer IC 555 and a Not gate IC are used in this water dispenser circuit. The water pump requires a
12V power supply to operate. Because the aforementioned ICs required a 5 V supply, the 12 V voltage must first be

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regulated to 5 V. A 12V power supply is also used to power the food circuitry. The food circuit contains three switches.
Switch 1 was used to control how much food was distributed into food trays. The food is delivered to the food tray via
a spiral connected to the main food tank. When the food tray is light, the spring toggles turn switch 1 ON; when the
food tray is heavy, the spring toggles turn switch 1 OFF. Switch 2 acts as an emergency break in the event of a food
tray overload. The switch 3 is used to activate the buzzer and light that indicate the amount of food remaining in the
food container. For the water level sensor, the probe, which is represented by the switch, is used to simulate the operation
of the water level sensor.

Figure 1. Circuit simulation

RESULT AND DICUSSION

The results of the projects are detailed in Table 1 below.

Input State Circuit State Table 1: Project results
Switch 1 OFF Closed circuit
ON Open circuit Output
Explanation

Motor 1 OFF
Motor 1 ON (Start dispensing food)

Switch 2 OFF Closed circuit Stop the Motor 1 and turn on the red LED
ON Open circuit Motor 1 maintains its operations as per Switch 1 operations

Switch 3 OFF Closed circuit Food in the container is full

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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Probe ON Open circuit Low Food level in the food container (Turn ON the buzzer and LED)

OFF Closed circuit Water pump is OFF (Water is full)
ON Open circuit Water pump is ON (Water is empty)

CONCLUSIONS

The goal of this project is to make it easier for the chickens to get water and food. The owner of the chickens only needs
to fill up the central food container. The rest of the feeding is taken care of by the system. If the feeding system ever
breaks, it can be fixed quickly and easily by someone who knows the basics of electronics.

REFERENCES

[1] “Feeding Chickens: How-To, Common Problems, Cutting Costs, What NOT to Feed, and More.”
https://morningchores.com/feeding-chickens/ (accessed Sep. 14, 2022).

[2] G. Persada et al., “Rancang Bangun Smart Chicken Coop Berbasis Wemos,” no. 1, pp. 76–85, 2018.

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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IOT BASED FEEDER FOR RABBIT FARM

Nurin Jazlina Binti Zulkepple1, Nurul Athirah Binti Mohamad Nazri1, Mohd Amir Hamzah bin Ab. Ghani1,
Norhayati Binti Ahmad1

1School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering

Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu

*[email protected]

Abstract: Managing a livestock farm can be challenging, where constant monitoring and caring are needed to make sure the well-
being of one's livestock is ceaselessly at optimum condition. However, given the circumstances now, taking care of the livestock
diet can be complex and time consuming. The project aims to provide convenience to owners by helping them feed their rabbits
smartly by using an Arduino microcontroller and NodeMCU module. The system is activated through the signals received by IR
sensors and operates the servo motor-controlled food dispenser. Owners will be notified to refill the food repository tank when the
Ultrasonic sensor detects depletion through the smartphone application sending a notification about the food level. Automated food
distribution can be done independently by machines with enhancement in controlling features through the help of the Internet of
Things (IoT). The effectiveness of the food dispensing system and food level detection that is linked with IoT applications is proved
in this research paper by performing practical implementations.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino, NodeMCU, Blynk, Infrared (IR) sensor.

INTRODUCTION

Feeding in livestock farm is an issue to farmer if continuous monitoring of feeding time is neglected. The project focuses
on overcome the over eating and food wasting in rabbit’s farm. An IoT based feeder for rabbit was designed to avoid
the rabbits from over consuming and develop blockage in its digestive system which may lead to death [1]. This system
takes two things into account before taking any action, namely the animal presence and the level of food at the moment.
The system consists of microcontroller, Infrared (IR) sensor, ultrasonic sensor and WiFi module. The IR sensor will
detect the presence of rabbit, meanwhile the ultrasonic sensor will measure the level of food to ensure adequate quantity
is given. The WiFi module will notify the farmer regarding the rabbits' condition and to control the servo motor.

METHODOLOGY

The design of this system was divided into two parts which is hardware development and the software implemented.
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of operation for microcontroller Arduino Uno and Wifi module NodeMCU. Arduino
Uno as the main controller was connected to IR Sensor and servo motor. The presence of the rabbit will be detected by
IR sensor and resulting in Arduino UNO to rotate the servo motor accordingly.

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Figure 1. Block Diagram for Arduino Uno and NodeMCU (left), and Figure 2. Components
used for Automatic Feeder (right)

NodeMCU works as the controller that connects the Ultrasonic Sensor and Figure 2 is the setup of hardware
components. Food level in the tank will be measured by an ultrasonic sensor and the notification will be sent through
the Blynk [2]application as NodeMCU sent the data. There were two software used which is Proteus Design Suite and
Arduino programming. Proteus was used to simulate the interaction between software running on a microcontroller and
any analogue or digital electronics connected to it [3]. The design simulated a battery as power supply and a logic probe
is used to detect the status of the IR sensor whether it is low or high.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The project successful connect the IR Sensor and Servo Motor that uses Arduino Uno as the microcontroller. When the
power is supplied to the Arduino, the IR sensor has successfully detected obstacles and the servo motor rotated. The
experiment result is when there is no food in the tank, the ultrasonic sensor will detect the distance of the food if the
distance is more than 18 cm. A notification with the distance from the Ultrasonic sensor will appear automatically. At
the same time, an email will be sent with the subject "Food Tank Empty" so that the user can be notified if the tank is
empty. Push notification in the Blynk application on smartphones is linked to the testing of ultrasonic sensors. When
the obstacle is placed 18cm from the ultrasonic sensor, Blynk notified the reading through email, and the gauge widget
showed the meter reading of the distance between the obstacle and the sensor.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, an automatic rabbit feeder is successfully developed with minor adjustment made. The creation and
improvement of this feeding system would be a great help to small-scale farmers. The advantages of the systems are to
avoid overfeeding and food wasting with minimal intervention from the farmer. This project helps to develop creativity
in designing projects and altering existing devices to be faster in methods of transmitting notification. The designed
system can be applied without having the farmer available on the location (farm) to constantly monitor the feeder. The
rabbit develops feeding rhythm over time and gets hungry if the feeding period are not timed properly. So, before they
have to wait for the farmer arrival for the next meal, the IoT based feeder will do it automatically and notify farmer
accordingly. The downside of the system is that internet connection must be available onsite. The system is not just
specifically for rabbit farm as it can be applied to other small-scale to medium-scale livestock farms. It would prove to
be an improvement in the farm feeding system generally.

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REFERENCES

[1] Dabbou S, Ferrocino I, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Barroeta AC, Maione S, Soglia D, Biasato I, Cocolin L,
Gai F, Nucera DM. (2020) Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut
Microbiota of Growing Rabbits. Animals. 2020; 10(8):1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081292.

[2] Todica, M.. (2016). Controlling Arduino board with smartphone and Blynk via internet. 10.13140/RG.2.2.23956.30080.
[3] Singh, Rajesh & Gehlot, Anita & Choudhry, Sushabhan & Singh, Bhupendra. (2018). Introduction to Arduino, Arduino IDE

and Proteus Software. 10.2174/9781681087276118010003.

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
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ANTI SLEEP DRIVER HEADBAND

Mohammad Amin Akasyaf Bin Azemi1, Mohamad Najmuddin Bin Rifli2,
Nur Idawati Md Enzai3

123School of Electrical Engineering

UniversitiTeknologi MARA
Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
[email protected]

Abstract— Road accidents are one of the world’s major public health and injury prevention problems. According to the World

Health Organization (WHO), more than a million children are killed in road accidents each year, all over the world. Many
accidents are caused by drowsiness and lack of sleep. This project, Awakening Headband is designed specifically for drivers
who want to stay alert all the time while driving. This project could decrease accident in our country. By using pulse and
accelerometer sensor installed in headband, the accuracy of calculation could be enhanced compared to using only one sensor.
When the driver feels sleepy, the accelerometer will calculate the angle of the body driver and the pulse sensor will detect the
driver pulse. If the driver is sleepy, his or her heartbeat drops to 70 beats from 100 beats. When this happens, two inputs will
send data to Arduino which is our main system. Arduino later will convert this data to two outputs. The first output is a buzzer
that alarms the driver loudly. Second is the motor vibrator. This motor will vibrate until it is switched off by the driver. Then,
the driver will be fully awakened.

Keywords: road safety, awakening headband, pulse sense, accelerometer sense, alarm, vibrates

INTRODUCTION

Increasing trend in traffic collisions has become a serious social problem all over the world. A number
of factors that contribute to the risk of collision include; vehicle design, speed of operation, road design,
road environment, driver skill and/or impairment, and driver behavior. A 1985 study by K. Rumar, which
used British and American crash reports as data, found that 57% of crashes were solely due to driver
factors, 27% to combined roadway and driver factors, 6% to combined vehicle and driver factors, 3%
solely to roadway factors, 3% to the combined roadway, driver, and vehicle factors, 2% solely to vehicle
factors and 1% to combined roadway and vehicle factors [1]. Human factors in vehicle collisions include
all factors related to drivers and other road users that may contribute to a collision. Examples include
driver behavior, visual and auditory acuity, decision-making ability, and reaction speed.

Worldwide motor vehicle collisions lead to death and disability as well as financial costs to both society
and the individuals involved. Traffic collisions are often caused by the mistakes of human drivers. A
large number of mistakes are due to drivers with inadequate attention in driving led by fatigue, tiredness,
drowsiness, drunk, etc. It is obvious that warning systems could be effective in most rear-end crashes
and other accidents.

Researchers have been working to develop collision avoidance to avoid traffic collisions by providing
automatic warnings to the driver or braking the car in the event of danger. Most of such systems use a
similar algorithm to warn a driver when the inter-vehicle gap is reduced to less than the critical distance.
The critical distance for warning a driver is often determined heuristically based on the skill of an
average driver in each of the systems [2-4]. Thus, those warning systems provide the same type and the
same level of assistance to all drivers, regardless of their driving behaviors, skills, ages, and preferences.
But it is believed that in reality the types and the levels of assistance desired by drivers vary widely
according to their driving behaviors, because the driving behavior of a beginner and an expert person, a
young and an old person are completely different. So, a typical system that assists all drivers, in the
same way, may not be accepted widely due to a mismatch with individual preference. This system may
seem appropriate to only some drivers whereas it may seem inconvenient for providing unwanted advice
to some drivers but could also be insufficient to some drivers.

Since abnormality in driving leads to mistake that may cause an accident, a system of notifying
abnormality in driving rather than only notifying the emerging collision probably produces a much more
conducive outcome for reducing rear-end collisions. Some researchers have been working on the
development of safety systems using different techniques based on physiological measures like brain

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waves, heart rate, pulse rate, respiration, etc. [5-7]. There are different methods that can be used to detect
fatigue, drowsiness and other psychological facts in driving. But these techniques have some drawbacks
since they require sensing equipment (electrocardiogram, respiration, skin conductance, wristband etc.)
to be attached to the drivers which annoy them [7], [8]. The other techniques monitor eyes and gaze
movement using complicated image analysis.

A driver’s state of attention can also be characterized by comparing current driving behavior with his
natural driving behaviors like the lateral position, variation in headway range, braking and acceleration
characteristics, speed and range fluctuations, steering wheel movements, and time-to-line crossing. To
cope with the actual inattentiveness in driving, it is necessary to develop a non-intrusive system based
on the observation of indirect driving behavior of individual driver. Although, these methods seem a bit
complicated due to variation in vehicle type, driver experience, road type, weather etc., it may be an
efficient and widely accepted system, and contribute in reducing traffic accident due to mistakes greatly
[9].

The motivation behind the Awakening Headband project is an attempt to make a smart headband that
brings a difference in the field of the road safety and road discipline. This project aims to address the
major causes of road accidents such as drunken driving and sleeping while driving. It also aims to
ensure the driver will stay awake due to the loud alarm from headband.

In this work, the chips and the component used are: Arduino Uno R3 as a controller, pulse sensor,
accelerometer, LDR resistor, transistor, resistor, car charger, motor vibration and buzzer.

METHODOLOGY

Fig 1. Block Diagram

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Fig 2. Flow Chart for Awakening Headband

PROGRAMMING DEVELOPMENT

C is an imperative language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler,
to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine
instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. C was therefore useful for many applications that
had formerly been coded in assembly language, such as in system programming. The language has
become available on a very wide range of platforms, from embedded microcontroller to supercomputers.
Since Mega 328 is used as the controller of the system, Arduino 1.0.1 is used to develop the
programming.

HARDWARE FABRICATION

Fig 3. Circuit Diagram for Awakening Headband

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Fig 4. Prototype Design

Circuit diagram for this awakening headband project is shown in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 4, two
inputs are placed which are: accelerometer and pulse sensors at the middle of the headband due to sense
balancing angle and for accurate pulse measure. Car charger is used to supply voltage needed to power
the headband. We also put battery inside the headband in case the car charger unable to work. Two
buzzers are placed between both ears for more effective alertness and motor vibration at one ear to
awaken the driver from sleeping. This project gives 2 inputs and 2 outputs for detailed and accurate
reading. When the headband is powered up, LED will be turned on and it will also be turned off when
the headband is not powered. When a driver wakes up from sleeping, he or she can switch off the
headband via the switch which is embedded in the middle of headband. In case the driver falls asleep
again the headband will be turned on again. Various functions testing need to be completed to verify the
accuracy of the hardware design.

RESULTS
Simulation Results

Figure 5: Simulation on Proteus

As shown in Figure 5, the Arduino coding is already set for the simulation. The diagram pulse sensor is
not fully functioning because Proteus does not have the library for the pulse sensor. For the
accelerometer, we put 3 axes with a potentiometer because it has the same function as a real
accelerometer. When the simulation is running, LED is blinking to indicate that the Arduino is active.
For the real experiment, the testing will be done with the real driver after finishing the PCB etching.

Prototype Testing Results

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Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2022 (EEICE 2022) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 1
Online : December 2022

Table 1: Results before and after wearing headband

This is the result before and after wearing the headband. The driver risks getting into an accident because
of sleeping, so by wearing the headband, the risk will be less and the driver will stay awake until the
end of the road trip.

CONCLUSION

This product has been made in order to reduce accident and reduce drowsiness among the drivers. By
adding pulse sensor, the product will become more effective and accurate. The car charger will be the
power supply that will connect to Arduino USB slot. This eases the usage of this product because it can
only be used inside the car. This project consists of 2 inputs and 2 outputs. The headband is controlled
by Arduino. The motor vibration will be activated when the output signal sends to motor. The 2 inputs
are: accelerometer and pulse sensor to detect the driver’s condition. Meanwhile the output components
will make the driver stay awake and stay alert at all times. From the product, we can conclude that our
project could make sure that the driver stay awake and focus during driving on the road. The
consciousness of the driver is the most important part to ensure the driver and passenger safety. This
product can also be obtained at reasonable price and anyone could afford it. It will not become a burden
because it is a simple circuit combination and the installation process is simple.

REFERENCES

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[6] Kaneda M, Obara H and Owada M (1999), Study on a Method of Using Image Processing Technology to Detect Inattentive Driving,
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[10] Electronics Component Data Sheet Search. Retrieved on October 2017,
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[11] Electronics Component Data Sheet Search. Retrieved on October 2017,

http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=C%20Y8C29466

[12] Texas Instruments, Retrieved on October 2017, http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm1084.pdf

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