Nur Idawati Md Enzai Syila Izawana Ismail Mohamad Taib Miskon Nik Nur Shaadah Nik Dzulkefli Alhamdulillah, thanks to the Almighty Allah for enabling the editorial team to complete this publication successfully. Since 2018, the Extended Abstracts of Final Year Projects completed by Diploma in Electrical Engineering students at UiTM Terengganu have been published. In 2019, the publication obtained an e-ISSN from Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. In the current year of 2023, it is noteworthy that this publication has undergone an upgrade through a collaborative effort with Jabatan Kejuruteraan Elektrik (JKE) at Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (PSMZA). It is a great honour for us to engage in collaborative work with JKE and PSMZA, and we express our hope for the continuity of this partnership in the future. The school would like to convey its appreciation to management for approving the project. Additionally, the utmost gratitude is extended to the editorial team and contributing authors for their contributions to this issue. It is hoped that this publication will provide benefits to all its readers. Thank you. FOREWORD BY MR. SAIFUL AZIZI ABDULLAH KJ JKE PSMZA Norfadhilah Hasan Nor Hasnati Abdull Patas Noor Azlyn Ab Ghafar JKEPSMZA EEICE 2023 | Volume 4 e-ISSN 2682-7565 Online June 2023 FOREWORD BY DR. NURBAITI WAHID L KPP PKE UITMCTKD ISTOF EDITORS: PKEUITMCTKD Alhamdullillah, I express my gratitude and appreciation to Allah for the successful publication of the Extended Abstracts of Final Year Projects in collaboration with UiTM Terengganu Electrical Engineering and the Department of Electrical Engineering (JKE), Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Dungun, Terengganu. Congratulations to UiTM Terengganu and the JKE PSMZA editorial team, as well as all those involved in this publication. This compilation showcases the final projects created by electrical engineering diploma students, serving as a valuable resource for students, especially those studying electrical engineering, as they embark on their final projects. Thank you to all. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INNOVATION COMPETITION & EXHIBITION (EEICE) 2023 (EEICE) 2023 (EEICE) 2023 (EEICE) 2023
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 1 Extended Abstracts of Final Year Projects Volume 4 SMART LIQUID FOOD DISPENSER Imran bin Ahmad Suhaimi, Mohd Amir Hamzah bin Ab. Ghani, Wan Ahmad Khusairi bin Wan Chek, Mohd Azizi bin Ab. Ghani page 2 SMART PARCEL BOX USING IoT Muhammad Fikri Md Rihasa, Muhammad Hafizuddin Rahimie Hidir, Rina Abdullah, Nik Nur Shaadah Nik Dzulkefli, Nuraiza Ismail page 4 SMART WEIGHT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR POULTRY FARMING Nur Syawalnie Nanisha Aziz, Norizan Ahmed, Syazilawati Mohamed, Rosmawati Shafie page 6 SMOKE WARNER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO Muhammad Suhaib Bin Zulkifli, Ahmad Izzat Bin Mod Arifin, Mohd Saiful Najib Bin Ismail@Marzuki page 8 SOLAR POWER HARVESTING FOR AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM Muhammad Afiq Rashid Amir1 , Muhammad Syazwan bin Iskandar Saari1 , Nuraiza Ismail1 , Rina Abdullah page 10 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR FOR ELECTRONICS COMPONENT STORAGE SYSTEM Muhammad Haziq Mohammad Zurusdi, Siti Aishah binti Che Kar, Rina Abduallah page 13 MICROCONTROLLER BASED FOR LOCKER WITH PASSWORD Muhammad Izzat Razali, Qammarul Arief Lukman, Sahal Mohd Radzuan, Siti Aishah Che Kar, Syazilawati Mohamad page 15 WATER LEVEL DETECTION FOR FLOOD ALERT Muhammad Arif Farthan Mat Jais, Muhd Azri Abdul Razak page 18
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 2 SMART LIQUID FOOD DISPENSER Imran bin Ahmad Suhaimi1 , Mohd Amir Hamzah bin Ab. Ghani1 , Wan Ahmad Khusairi bin Wan Chek1 , Mohd Azizi bin Ab. Ghani2 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, 2 Academy of Language Studies University of Technology MARA Kelantan *[email protected] Abstract: This study tackles the issue of food liquid dispensers in food industry organizations, particularly small restaurants. The aim is to introduce an electronic machine that facilitates efficient sauce dispensing and minimizing the waiting time for customers. The proposed automatic sauce dispenser includes features such as bowl or container detection and pre-prepared sauce availability. Notably, it aims to reduce food waste and maintain cleanliness by preventing accidental sauce spills and unintended touch. The integration of Arduino Uno as the microcontroller for the system with ultrasonic sensors as its main input sensors. LEDs, LCDs, and servo motors were also included as the outputs of the implemented system. The dispenser requires users to position a bowl under the nozzle and place their hands near the ultrasonic sensor to obtain the desired sauce. This project presents an alternative solution for efficient liquid food dispensing for the food industry in general. Keywords: Arduino, servo motor, LED, Tinkercad, ultrasonic sensor. INTRODUCTION Food waste has unfortunately become a widespread issue in our daily lives. It has become all too common for edible food to be discarded, leading to significant environmental consequences [1]. The usage of container dispensers for liquid food has become prominent in the food industry, commonly employed in both fast-food chains and local restaurants. These dispensers serve a specific quantity of liquid food items to customers and it comes in the form of a single container. The primary aim of this project is to develop a smart food liquid dispenser that operates to ensure minimal wastage. The liquid food dispenser is designed to dispense an appropriate quantity of sauce into a container or bowl for the customer. The dispenser is activated when the customer's hand is within a certain distance and in turn triggers the system to pour out the liquid food such as sauces or dressings. This action is displayed on an LCD screen, providing users with real-time feedback on the dispenser's operation. METHODOLOGY The project consists of two distinct components: hardware and software. The hardware aspect involves the construction of the device, including circuit assembly, printing the printed circuit board (PCB), and soldering processes. On the other hand, the software aspect is dedicated to programming development, primarily focusing on simulation and compilation. The control of the dispenser system is managed by an Arduino microcontroller, which receives and transmits data throughout the system [2]. An ultrasonic sensor is installed on the dispenser bottle to continually measure the distance between the user's hand and provides this measurement to the Arduino. The Arduino processes this information and displays it on an LCD screen for the user to view. Figure 1. Block Diagram for Arduino Uno and ultrasonic sensor (left), and Figure 2. Prototype with component assembled for smart liquid food dispenser (right).
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION The experimental results and progress of the Food Liquid Dispenser project are analyzed based on the methodology implemented. The Tinkercad simulation software is utilized for hardware simulation to evaluate its feasibility before the actual hardware implementation [3]. The results obtained from the Tinkercad simulation demonstrate the functionality of the food liquid dispenser system. Two conditions are considered: firstly, when the distance between the user's hand and the dispenser is greater than 6 cm, the LED is turned off, indicating that there is no one within the range of the ultrasonic sensor and secondly, When the distance between the user's hand and the dispenser is less than 6 cm, the LED is turned on, indicating that the liquid food is about to be dispensed. Simultaneously, the servo motor rotates 180 degrees and remains in that position for 2 seconds. It then returns to its initial state. The movement of the servo motor is responsible for initiating the dispensing of liquid food to the user’s bowl. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this project has been successfully completed with minimal issues. Its significance lies in enhancing the efficiency and elevating the level of hygiene and sanitation of food liquid dispensers in various establishments such as restaurants, local eateries, and small stalls. With the implementation of this project, customers in these establishments can have peace of mind regarding the hygiene of the food liquid dispensing process. They can simply place their container under the dispenser to collect their desired sauce. The LCD display provides information about the distance between the customer's hand and the dispenser will ensure a smooth and splashfree experience. REFERENCES [1] Schanes, K., Dobernig, K. and Gozet, B. (2018) Food Waste Matters—A Systematic Review of Household Food Waste Practices and Their Policy Implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 978- 991. [2] Singh, Rajesh & Gehlot, Anita & Choudhry, Sushabhan & Singh, Bhupendra. (2018). Introduction to Arduino, Arduino IDE and Proteus Software. 10.2174/9781681087276118010003. [3] Oka, I Gusti Agung & Septiani, Virma & Fazal, Muhammad & Amalia, Direstu. (2020). Designing of Mikrokontroler E-Learning Course:Using Arduino and TinkerCad. Journal of Engineering Technology. 1. 8-14. 10.52989/jaet.v1i1.2
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 4 SMART PARCEL BOX USING IOT Muhammad Fikri Md Rihasa1 , Muhammad Hafizuddin Rahimie Hidir1 , Rina Abdullah1 , Nik Nur Shaadah Nik Dzulkefli1 , Nuraiza Ismail1 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Dungun, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents the development of a smart parcel box platform for automated parcel delivery monitoring and controlling via the Internet of Things (IoT). The main purpose of this research is to provide convenience to the consumer by notifying them when their parcel is delivered and safely protecting the parcel in the parcel drop box, therefore at once can improve the parcel delivery system smartly. The project uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module as the main controller to control the infrared (IR) sensor input, deliver notification through the Blynk and solenoid lock as actuator output. The IR sensor is used to detect the existence of the parcel. When a parcel is dropped in the parcel box, the sensor activates and interfaces with the Wi-Fi Module, which sends a notification to the user's phone via the Blynk apps. The Blynk is used for displaying parcel notifications and controlling the lock mechanism. It is accessible from any location as long as it is linked to the internet. As a result, the smart parcel box has fully functioned and accomplished its objectives. According to the study's findings, the smart parcel box helps users in resolving the issues stated. Keywords: Parcel notification message, NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module, Blynk, infrared sensor, IoT INTRODUCTION Logistics play a major role in the fast-changing-world with billions of parcels delivered globally. In the past, the technique of sending parcels or large packing had a lot of issues since it was delivered and left at our front door because gifts frequently could not fit in the mailbox. If the owner of the package was not at home, the package may be robbed. Some researchers are needed to develop the current framework. During the study, several different systems were selected. These are several types of Smart Mailboxes: Smart Mailboxes with warning systems, GSM Smart Mailboxes, and alerts systems for pigeonholes using the online telegram messenger, smart pigeonhole by sending notifications through a short messaging system, I-Box (Intelligent Mailbox). Numerous studies have been undertaken to optimize previous projects based on that box [1-4]. METHODOLOGY Figure 1. Block Diagram Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the overall process for designing and developing a smart parcel box using IoT. The project was made up of both hardware and software components. The NodeMCU ESP8566 module as a microcontroller used to control an infrared sensor (input) that detects the presence of a parcel inserted into the box. The information will be processed by the NodeMCU, and the result will be sent to the Blynk App via the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. After that, the solenoid lock will automatically lock the dropbox after a few seconds. When the user wants to open the door of dropbox, the user will tap the button on the Blynk App to activate or complete a solenoid lock circuit to open it. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 2 shows a prototype of a smart parcel box. When the IR sensor detects the presence of a parcel. It will turn on the LED on the IR sensor module. Node MCU will send a notification to the Blynk App. After that, the relay module will be automatically activated. Relay Solenoid Node MCU ESP8266 IR Sensor
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 5 Figure 2. IR sensor detects the object when passing through it Figure 3(a). Notification in the Blynk App when the drop box has a parcel in it. (b) Blynk setup Figure 3(b) shows how to set up the Wi-Fi tester, solenoid lock and notification. It can know whether these drop boxes are connected to Wi-Fi or not by pushing a Wi-Fi tester button or looking at Blynk applications. Testing the notification setup: We fully utilize an IR sensor to detect whether the parcel is inserted into the box or not. If the package is placed in the box and the IR sensor detects it, the user will receive a notification from the Blynk application that says "Alert: you've received your parcel," as illustrated in Figure 3(a). The notification's purpose is to remind the user to update their package when they return home. The summary overall process is represented in Table 1 Table 1. Summarizing the overall process of smart parcel boxes using IoT. Input (IR Sensor) Output (Blynk Apps) Actuator (Solenoid) Parcel Detected Send notification to consumer Active (Door Lock) Parcel Undetected No notification Non active (Door unlock) CONCLUSION In conclusion, the development of automatic parcel delivery monitoring and controlling via the Internet of Things (IoT) is successfully developed. This project has fulfilled the main objective to provide convenience to the consumer by notifying them when their parcel is delivered and safely protecting the parcel in the parcel box, which is to ease the human in their daily life. Furthermore, developing smart parcel boxes with NodeMCU modules may increase awareness about the usage of IoT technology in daily life. Finally, installing a solenoid lock helps improve the security of the parcels in the drop box. The future recommendation is to improve the smart parcel box design to have a bigger size so it can keep the big size parcel and thumbprint security to save time unlocking the drop box. Lastly, power source from solar energy is clean energy. REFERENCES [1] Stanislava Turska, & Lucia Madleňáková, “Concept of Smart Postal Mailbox,” Published by Elsevier B.V., Department of Communications, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia, May 2019. Accessed on Jan. 18, 2022 [Online]. Available:ISSN: 2352-1465 [2] Zohaib Hassan, "Smart Mailbox," B.S. Thesis Degree Programme in Automation Engineering Valkeakoski, Autumn 2018, HAMK Häme University of Applied Sciences (Hämeen ammattikorkeakoulu (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland, 2018. [3] “GSM Smart Mailbox.”, [Online] Available: http://gsmsmartmailbox.blogspot.com/ [4] Mohamad Eliyass Jamaruppin, “Pigeonhole notification system via online telegram messenger.” Project paper (Bachelor of Computer Science (Computer Systems & Networking) With Honors), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, 2014. Accessed on Nov. 4, 2021. [Online] Available: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/13365/
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 6 SMART WEIGHT MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR POULTRY FARMING Nur Syawalnie Nanisha Aziz1 , Norizan Ahmed1 , Syazilawati Mohamed1 , Rosmawati Shafie1 1 School of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu, Malaysia [email protected] Abstract: In the poultry industry, broilers are selectively bred for their rapid growth and efficient attainment of target weight within approximately 6 weeks. However, traditional weighing methods pose challenges such as manual handling and time-consuming processes. This study aims to address these issues by designing and developing a weight measurement and monitoring system for broiler poultry. The proposed system incorporates a sensor network comprising an Arduino Uno, a weight sensor (HX711), RGB LEDs, an LCD display, and a relay. The Arduino Uno compiles and processes the data that the weight sensor collects. Real-time weight readings are displayed on the LCD screen, accompanied by LED indicators (green for target weight reached, red for falling short). The system is implemented within the poultry coop area, allowing breeders to monitor broiler weights and take prompt action if targets are not met. By implementing this system, breeders can overcome the challenges associated with manual weighing methods. The system also saves time, reduces stress on broilers by eliminating manual handling, and enables timely interventions to address weight-related issues. Keywords: weighting system, Arduino UNO, poultry farming. INTRODUCTION The strong nutritional qualities of commercial chicken, including their protein source, quality, and fair pricing when compared to other types of meat, are attributed to this surge in demand. As the Malaysian economy continues to grow, there has been a notable shift in dietary preferences towards increased meat consumption, particularly poultry products like chicken [1]. With a consumption rate of 49.7kg per person, Malaysia ranks among the highest in the world [2], and this trend is expected to surge further in the coming years. This commercial chicken, referred to as a broiler, is typically bred for its ability to grow rapidly and efficiently convert feed into meat. Their remarkable ability to rapidly gain weight and achieve target weight within a short timeframe, typically around 34 and 35 days of growth [3], makes them particularly suited for meat production. Broiler sizes are crucial physical growth parameters used to evaluate the efficiency of poultry production by comparing the measured weight to the feed consumed. Additionally, it is essential for breeders to anticipate the average broiler weight and weight distribution at the time of slaughter. Accurate calculations of weight distribution and average weight are necessary for this purpose [4]. The prime objective of this project is to develop a broiler weight measurement system by utilizing sensors integrated with the Arduino UNO microcontroller. This system aims to capture broiler weights, allowing breeders to monitor and manage their poultry more effectively and efficiently. By leveraging the capabilities of the Arduino UNO, the project seeks to provide breeders with reliable and real-time data on broiler weights, enabling informed decision-making and optimizing poultry production practices. METHODOLOGY Based on Figure 1, the power supply will activate the Arduino UNO and the data obtained from the weight sensor will be transmitted to the Arduino UNO for processing. The processed data will then be displayed on the LCD display, while a relay will determine the state of the RGB LED light.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 7 Figure 1. Block diagram of weight measurement and monitoring system RESULT AND DISCUSSION As shown in Figure 2, in the initial state, the LCD displays a message prompting the user to place a broiler on the weight sensor to initiate the measuring process. When a broiler is placed on the weight sensor, the sensor transmits the data to the Arduino, which in turn displays the precise weight of the broiler on the LCD. If the weight of the broiler falls within the proper weight range, the green LED light will illuminate. However, if the weight of the broiler does not reach the appropriate weight range, the red LED light will illuminate. Figure 2. Smart weight measurement system CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the system designed to measure and monitor the weight of broilers using a sensor network successfully fulfills its intended purpose. The weight sensor captures the broiler weight, and the recorded data is transmitted to the Arduino UNO. The Arduino UNO displays the weight on the LCD screen, while a relay controls the state of the RGB LED light. As a future enhancement, it is suggested to incorporate a wireless connection that delivers the broiler weight values directly to the breeder's device, enabling convenient access to broiler data on mobile devices and saving time and effort. Researchers can utilize technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) to establish such connections. REFERENCES [1] A. Drewnowski et al., “Socio-Cultural and Economic Drivers of Plant and,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 1530, 2020. [2] R. Adawiyah Zayadi, “Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources Current Outlook of Livestock Industry in Malaysia and Ways Towards Sustainability,” J. Sustain. Nat. Resour., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2021. [3] C. W. Tallentire, I. Leinonen, and I. Kyriazakis, “Artificial selection for improved energy efficiency is reaching its limits in broiler chickens,” Sci. Rep., vol. 8, no. 1, 2018. [4] M. L. Ali and M. A. Rahman, “Smart Chicken Farm Monitoring System,” vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 317–325, 2020.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 8 SMOKE WARNER SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO Muhammad Suhaib Bin Zulkifli1 , Ahmad Izzat Bin Mod Arifin1 , Mohd Saiful Najib Bin Ismail@Marzuki1 , 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu 23000 Dungun [email protected] Abstract: The project attempts to be integrated microcontroller technology (Arduino) into smoke detector circuitry. In the proposed system, a smoke detector upon sensing smoke activates its alarm and will show the temperature on the screen of LCD. Basically, a smoke detector is a device that detects smoke as a signal of a fire. As part of a fire alarm system, commercial smoke detectors send a signal to a buzzer and LED and normally do not emit an alert. Fire accidents are the most serious issues, and they are becoming more often by the day, causing damage to our property, and putting people's lives in danger. As a result, Smoke Warner Systems are extremely valuable for detecting smoke or fire in buildings, workplaces, banks, schools, and especially for kitchens in everyone’s house. It can save human lives and homes from fires. A low-cost smoke detector system will be built using a MQ - 135 gas sensor and an Arduino in this project. The proposed design is aiming to have cost-efficient system, compact design, simple to install, and replaceable components. This system or gadget continually measures the smoke levels around it. When the smoke level rises, it informs us by making a sound and turning on a light. Finally, hope that the project has a significant positive impact on people. In a home or place of business, a kitchen is a room or portion of a space used for cooking and food preparation. As a result, the kitchen is a nonsafe environment that requires constant attention. People frequently run around the kitchen when making meals as a result, only to find that they forgot to turn off the cooktop or that the food they were cooking had started to burn. The beeping of a smoke detector is the fastest way to get your attention; even your next-door neighbours will hear the disturbance. There are many ways that kitchen fires can start, not just in private homes but also in commercial kitchens. Keywords: MQ135 sensor, Arduino UNO, smoke warner system. INTRODUCTION Fire accidents are the most serious issues, and they are becoming more often by the day, causing damage to our property, and putting people's lives in danger. As a result, Smoke Warner Systems are extremely valuable for detecting smoke or fire in buildings, workplaces, banks, schools, and especially for kitchens in everyone’s house. Which can save human lives and homes from fires. I will build a low-cost smoke detector system using an MQ - 135 gas sensor and an Arduino in this project [1]. This system or gadget continually measures the smoke levels around it. When the smoke level rises, it informs us by making a sound and turning on a light. During the nineyear period from 2006 to 2014, the average rate of fire incidents in Malaysia was approximately 1,024.67 fires per million inhabitants per year. The rate of fire victims is 7.53 per million people per year, with 3.07 fatalities per million people. There are approximately 90 residential fires per one million people each year. As shown in Figure 1, the total number of victims in residential fires has increased by approximately 30% over the three-year period when accounting for fire casualties. Although residential fires accounted for less than 10% of all fires over the past three years, they accounted for approximately 61% of all fire deaths and 48% of all fire injuries [2]. METHODOLOGY A system diagram is used to depict the construction process for this project. The project begins with a process of data research and a review of the relevant literature to collect data and information about existing and similar projects. The system diagram serves as a guide for completing the project within the allotted time. Next, the project's software and hardware are developed. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) layout is designed and printed after the two components have been combined. Afterward, the circuit is tested by examining the connections. Before finalising the prototype of the project, problems are identified and resolved. The 'Smoke Warner System' is finally produced. If the smoke is within the area's range, the system detects smoke inside or outside the case. This allows the device to detect smoke automatically and alert the user when smoke is detected. It will continuously sound the alarm "Smoke Warner System" if it detects smoke.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 9 Figure 1. Block diagram of Smoke Warner System RESULT AND DISCUSSION When there is no gas around the detector, the LCD screen will display the text Air Quality Level, Temperature and Humidity and the green LED will remain illuminated. Furthermore, the buzzer will not work. Meanwhile, if there is gas near the detector, the screen will display the temperature and the text "GAS DETECTED:O," and the buzzer will activate and ring loudly. The red LED will light up. But the Air Quality Level and Temperature remain on the LCD. Meanwhile, the green LED will be turned off automatically. Figure 2. LCD displays the output from the Smoke Warner System CONCLUSIONS As conclusion, all the objectives had been achieved by Smoke Warner System. When dealing with safety it is better to have a smoke detector in every building, such as a house, school, or any other structure that could catch fire. When everything is working properly, the buzzer will sound to alert people to an impending emergency. So, we can feel more secure and protected from the unthinkable with the smoke detector. For future recommendations, this project can be attached with the IoT that can communicate with the owner of the house if the Smoke Warner System detect a hazard. REFERENCES [1] “MQ-135 air quality hazardous Gas Sensor detector module,” Sparkpcb.com. [Online]. Available: https://www.sparkpcb.com/sensors/mq-135-air-%20quality-hazardous-gas-sensor-detector-module.html. [Accessed: 31-Jan-2023]. [2] “What are common causes of A fire accident & burn injuries?,” Terry Bryant Accident & Injury Law, 28- Dec-2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.terrybryant.com/personal-injury-lawyer/burn-injurylawyer/what-are-common-causes-fire-accident. [Accessed: 02-Feb-2023].
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 10 SOLAR POWER HARVESTING FOR AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM Muhammad Afiq Rashid Amir1 , Muhammad Syazwan bin Iskandar Saari1 , Nuraiza Ismail1 , Rina Abdullah1 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu [email protected] Abstract: An automatic irrigation plant system powered by solar energy is demonstrated based on collected data from an Arduino microcontroller. The system measures the water content of the soil and controls the rate of water flow. According to the prescribed range of soil moisture in Arduino coding, the water pumping is automatically triggered to be turned on via relay if the soil moisture content is less than the soil moisture threshold value. Otherwise, the water pump gets automatically turned off when the Arduino detects a sufficient signal of moisture in the soil, i.e., the soil moisture content is greater than the soil moisture threshold value. As a result of the findings of the evaluation, the automated system eliminates the requirement for manual intervention. Keywords: solar power harvesting, Arduino Atmega328P, automatic irrigation INTRODUCTION Plants play an important role in sustaining life. It upholds ecosystem balances while supplying a variety of resources to human beings. One of the benefits of plants is that it provides humans with oxygen, which is vital for survival [1]. In an irrigation system, it is essential to water the plants periodically according to the requirements. Agricultural irrigation technologies are gaining attention as a means to enhance agricultural productivity while conserving water. A reliable and appropriate irrigation water source will significantly increase agricultural production and water savings. Conventional irrigation, such as sprinklers or surface water systems, requires spreading water as evenly as possible over the whole area, disregarding the heterogeneity of soil and crop water requirements [2]. Conventional irrigation, on the other hand, utilizes not only large volumes of water but can also necessitate a considerable amount of electrical energy to schedule irrigation [3]. To overcome the issue of energy resources, the best choice is renewable energy sources. As solar energy is a primary energy source, it not only provides an alternate source of energy but also is environmentally friendly and helps minimize pollution as some energy generation resources lead to pollution [4][5]. METHODOLOGY The developed solar-powered harvesting for automatic irrigation system allows plants to be more self-sufficient by watering themselves when certain soil moisture levels are sensed. Figure 1 depicts the block diagram of the system, which consists of a solar panel, an Arduino UNO, a soil moisture sensor, a relay, and a DC water pump. Once the Arduino is energized, it initializes all devices and keeps all data at default values. Then the soil moisture sensor, which is connected to the Arduino UNO, senses the moisture content of the soil. After the Arduino receives the current value of soil moisture content data, it will compare the value with the soil moisture threshold. For this system, the optimum moisture level is kept at 45%; if the soil moisture level exceeds 45%, the pump is deactivated. As a result, no water is supplied to the soil, and if the moisture content is less than 45%, the pump is immediately triggered as it is below the threshold level, and water will be supplied till it reaches the moisture level of more than 45%. The Arduino will continuously process the system until interruption occurs, such as solar power being discharged.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 11 Figure 1: Block Diagram of Automatic Irrigation System RESULT AND DISCUSSION For experiment testing purposes, the prototype of an automatic irrigation system as depicted in Figure 2 is constructed using a USB solar panel, a power bank, an Arduino UNO with Atmega 328 microcontroller, a soil moisture hygrometer sensor, a brushless dc pump AD20P-1230B, a 5V channel relay, a lithium ion rechargeable battery BRC18650 and pipe wires. In the system, the USB solar panel connects to the Arduino board via the power bank. The Arduino UNO is powered by a USB connection to the power bank. The ATMega328 microcontroller attached to the Arduino board is used to execute the program code. The input pin of the soil moisture sensor is connected to the input pin of the ATMega328 microcontroller while the soil moisture sensor probe is embedded into the soil. The rechargeable battery gives the power for the relay as the relay is connected to the output pin of the ATMega328 microcontroller. The other end of the relay is connected to dc water pump and pipe wire is connected to the water pump outlet. A water container is present in order to store the water for watering the plants. Figure 2. Testing Arrangement of Solar Powered for Automatic Irrigation System Table 1. Summary of Watering Results Day Soil Moisture Content Pump State 1 Soil moisture < 750 ON 2 Soil moisture > 980 OFF 3 Soil moisture > 1010 OFF Solar Panel Soil Moisture Sensor Relay Arduino DC Pump
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 12 Day Soil Moisture Content Pump State 4 Soil moisture > 650 ON 5 Soil moisture < 580 ON Table 1 summarizes the watering results for the automated irrigation system. The performance of the system has been tested for 5 days at 10 am. It can be seen when the moisture is above 800, the valve will be automatically opened. Meanwhile, if the moisture is below 800, then the valve will be automatically closed due to the soil moisture. Hence, the solar power harvesting for automated irrigation system based on Arduino has been successfully done. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this project is successful in achieving all of the goals for solar-powered irrigation automation. Using solar power, the developed system uses a considerable amount of electrical energy to schedule irrigation. Furthermore, the automated system eliminates the requirement for manual intervention to overcome the issue of energy resources. REFERENCES [1] I. D. Nath, M. F. U. Mazumder, M. N. U. Novel, and M. A. Kader, “IoT Based Smart Automatic Water Management System with RF Communication and Remote Monitoring,” 2022 Int. Conf. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol. ICISET 2022, no. February 2022, pp. 95–100, 2022. [2] K. N. Siva, G. Raj Kumar, A. Bagubali, and K. V. Krishnan, “Smart watering of plants,” Proc. - Int. Conf. Vis. Towar. Emerg. Trends Commun. Networking, ViTECoN 2019, 2019. [3] C. Jamroen, P. Komkum, C. Fongkerd, and W. Krongpha, “An Intelligent Irrigation Scheduling System Using Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network Toward Sustainable and Precision Agriculture,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 172756–172769, 2020. [4] J. J. Karwande and P. J. Karwande, “Automatic watering system with efficient sun tracking solar plate,” 2020 IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Power Commun. Technol. GUCON 2020, pp. 794–797, 2020. [5] G. Eragamreddy, “Solar Powered Auto Watering System for Irrigation using Embedded Controller,” pp. 2424–2428, 2017.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 13 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR FOR ELECTRONICS COMPONENT STORAGE SYSTEM Muhammad Haziq Mohammad Zurusdi1 , Siti Aishah binti Che Kar1 , Rina Abduallah1 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu [email protected] Abstract: Electronics components are easily damaged, broken and become defective. The project is to create a place to store electronics components in the best and suitable space. The Temperature and Humidity Sensor for Electronics Components Storage System is an electronic circuit that can sense temperature and humidity and display the sensing temperature. The project consists of four components which are the Arduino, DHT11, buzzer and LCD screen. DHT11 is components that detect the surroundings humidity and temperature. Arduino acts as the brain of the circuit. LCD screen is used to display the current value of the box temperature and humidity while the buzzer is used to alarm the user. Keywords: Electronic Storage System, Temperature Sensor, Humidity sensor, Arduino. INTRODUCTION Electronic components and modules are sensitive to both temperature and humidity. This may cause the plastic casings to change shape with extreme heat or cold. On other note, metal expands and contracts based on temperature as well. However, perhaps most damaging to electronics is humidity, which is the amount of water vapor in the air. Humidity produces water molecules that penetrate component insulation, block voltage, and corrode chips. The temperature, humidity monitoring and controlling system will serve as an ideal answer for all the concerned parties such as industrial fixed room storage, museum artifact and food storage departments to improve their effectiveness in monitoring and controlling the environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. [1-3]. The objective of our project is to reduce the amount of defect electronics components. This is due to the sensitivity of the electronics components. The Arduino based “Temperature and Humidity Sensor for Electronics Components Storage System” isto design an electronic circuit that can sense temperature and humidity and display the sensing temperature. METHODOLOGY The system only consists of a single input which is DHT11. The buzzer and LCD are the outputs of this project. The DHT11 will detect the current temperature and humidity level in real time. Arduino is programmed to give out and output of the current temperature and humidity level with the LCD while the Arduino will give the output towards the buzzer when the temperature level is not between 21⁰C and 25⁰C and the humidity level between 35% and 50%. This is to ensure the electronics component is in the best storage condition. The buzzer will indicate that the temperature and humidity is not in the preferred condition. Figure 1. Block diagram of the project
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 14 Figure 2. Flow chart diagram of the project RESULT AND DISCUSSION This project is suitable to be used anywhere as long as the DHT11 is still able to detect the overall of the box. The input of DHT11 plays a huge role in this project as this project is focused on the temperature and humidity. Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the project CONCLUSIONS This project is to preserve the electronics component to be in the best condition. The LED and buzzer are used to alert the owner that the electronics components maybe in a condition to be defective. This project managed to design an electronic circuit that can sense temperature and humidity and display the sensing temperature and humidity. This project also managed to design a circuit that can trigger the buzzer if the temperature and humidity is not in the preferred zone. REFERENCES [1] Gawade, D. R., Ziemann, S., Kumar, S., Iacopino, D., Belcastro, M., Alfieri, D., ... & Buckley, J. L. (2021). A smart archive box for museum artifact monitoring using battery-less temperature and humidity sensing. Sensors, 21(14), 4903. [2] Seman, M. T. A., Abdullah, M. N., & Ishak, M. K. (2020). Monitoring temperature, humidity and controlling system in industrial fixed room storage based on IoT. J. Eng. Sci. Technol, 15(6), 3588-3600. [3] Fajar Wicaksono, M., Dwi Rahmatya, M., & Ilham, I. (2022). IoT Implementation for Server Room Security Monitoring Using Telegram API. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 12(5), 1931-1937.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 15 MICROCONTROLLER BASED FOR LOCKER WITH PASSWORD Muhammad Izzat Razali1 , Qammarul Arief Lukman1 , Sahal Mohd Radzuan1 , Siti Aishah Che Kar1 , Syazilawati Mohamed1 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Dungun, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu [email protected] Abstract: This paper present design of password locker system based on a microcontroller. This system used a PIC16F877A microcontroller to control all system operation. The circuit is designed with a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), keypad, stepper motor and motor driver. The user key in the password through keypad and then the steper motor will automatic open the locker. If the right password is entered, the LCD will show “SUCCESS” and the motor automatic open the locker. However, if the password is wrong, “ERROR “sign will be displayed. This project is to help solve problem as missing key and unattended locker. This project will secure the lockers with a simple design and reliable cost. Keywords: Microcontroller, Keypad system, stepper motor. INTRODUCTION Commonly, people tend to use lock and key to secure their locker. However, the shortcoming of using key is the higher possibility of losing the key. The other problem is the key lock can be duplicated by others. The purpose of this project is to increasing the security of a locker. Previous papers show numerous door security designs using microcontroller [1-3]. This project is a modification of existing project however it used magnetism technique to lock the locker. In this project a stepper motor is used to lock and open the locker. For the magnetism lock, if there is no supply, the magnet will not be functioning which will make the locker to unlock. This project is to prevent that from happening by using stepper motor which even without supply, the locker is still locked. METHODOLOGY This system used a PIC16F877A microcontroller to control all system operation. The circuit is designed with a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), 4x4 keypad, stepper motor and motor driver (L293D/ ULN2003). LCD is used to display when the users want to enter the password, to display if the process is success or not. The keypad is used to enter the password code that has been stored in the PIC. Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the project. The circuit will active when the user key in the password. If the password is right and the process will go on but if not, the process will go back to key in the password. When the user key- in the right password, the motor will automatic open the locker. Then, if the user wants to close the locker, the user just needs to push button to operate the motor again so that the locker will close. The software used for this project are ISIS, MikroC and PCB Wizard which ISIS is used for simulation circuit, MikroC is used for PIC programming and PCB Wizard is used to get the PCB layout.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 16 Figure 1. Flow chart of the project RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 2 shows that after turning ON the circuit, the LCD will display “Enter Password” and Figure 3 shows that after entering the password, if the password is right, the LCD will display “Locker Unlocked”, LED green will turn ON and the motor will rotate 90 degrees clockwise which shows that the locker is unlocked. Figure 2. The LCD display “Enter Password”.
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 17 Figure 3. The LCD display “Locker Unlocked” if the password is correct. CONCLUSION The objective of this project is to develop a keypad password locker design based on a microcontroller. This project is to help solve problem of missing key and unattended locker. This project will secure the lockers with a simple design and reliable cost. REFERENCES [1] Orji, E. Z., Nduanya, U. I., & Oleka, C. V. (2019). Microcontroller Based Digital Door Lock Security System Using Keypad. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 8(1), 92-97. [2] Ashraf, A., Rasaily, D., & Dahal, A. (2016). Password protected lock system designed using microcontroller. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 32(4), 180-183. [3] Prity, S. A., Afrose, J., & Hasan, M. (2021). RFID Based Smart Door Lock Security System. American Journal of Sciences and Engineering Research E-ISSN-2348-703X, 4(3).
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 18 WATER LEVEL DETECTION FOR FLOOD ALERT Muhammad Arif Farthan Mat Jais1 , Muhd Azri Abdul Razak1 1 School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Terengganu Kampus Dungun, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu [email protected] Abstract: Flooding is a common phenomenon that occurs in Malaysia every year. Flooding will occur when it rains non-stop and heavily for a long period of time causing the drainage system to be unable to accommodate the large volume of water and subsequently overflowing. The purpose of this project is to detect the water level in the main river in a more effective way and then give an early warning to the local population if the water level is at a dangerous level. Water level detection will use sensor which will be connected to the micro controller and alarm system. Keywords: Water level detection, ultrasonic sensor INTRODUCTION Flooding is a phenomenon that will occur when the drainage system is unable to accommodate or drain the increased volume of water in a short time. This situation usually occurs during heavy rains for a long period. For major rivers, water level markers have usually been installed or posted at several locations along the river route. However, the sediment that occurs at the bottom of the river makes the river shallow and the reading of the river level becomes inaccurate. Some past studies have used several methods, for example using the concept of buoy sensors to detect and warn of floods [1]. There is also a study that uses a water detection sensor based on electrical conductivity that is connected to a microcontroller [2]. This project uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect the water level more effectively. The use of an ultrasonic sensor is more suitable because this sensor is not in water and can prevent the sensor from being covered in dirt or sand. This sensor will detect the distance of the water surface with the sensor itself and then send the information to the Arduino (microcontroller). The information (water level distance) sent will be processed by the microcontroller with the programmed settings. METHODOLOGY Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the project. Based on the diagram, there is one input (ultrasonic sensor) and four outputs (LCD, red LED, green LED and Buzzer). When this system is installed, the water level must be at a normal or safe level. This is to get the original water level setting as a reference. Next, the settings for the water surface distance for several water levels will be set in Arduino UNO to identify 'safe level', 'high water level', 'dangerous water level', and 'flood water level'. To ensure that this system can be used universally or installed at different river locations, only the original distance (in meter units) will be programmed into the Arduino UNO while the processed water level classification is in percentage units. The original distance will be changed to 100%, therefore the higher the water level the lower the percentage value. Figure 1. Flow chart of the project RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table 1 shows the four water levels that have been programmed into the microcontroller. Each water level will provide a different notification as shown in table 1. The warning sound will start sounding at the beware level to allow local residents to be aware that the river water level is rising. In order to distinguish between alert levels,
Electrical Engineering Innovation, Competition & Exhibition 2023 (EEICE 2023) e-ISSN 2682-7565 Vol. 4 Online : June 2023 19 warning level and danger level, a combination of sound frequency and the blinking of red and green LED lights are used. By using this combination, local residents can distinguish the levels of warning and take appropriate measures to save themselves and reduce the possibility of losses if the water level continues to rise and cause flooding. Table 1: Water level classification and the notifications CONCLUSION The proposed project of detecting and distinguishing water levels using ultrasonic sensor seems to be relevant to be practically implemented as the alert or the notifications are easy to understand. In addition, the notifications help local resident to take early precaution to avoid casualties and save important things if flood is going to happen. REFERENCES [1] M. Z. Ayob and M. S. A. Rahim, “Mobile Flood Detector Alert System,” in 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), IEEE, Sep. 2022, pp. 48–52. doi: 10.1109/ICSIMA55652.2022.9928971. [2] A. Hojjati-Najafabadi, M. Mansoorianfar, T. Liang, K. Shahin, and H. Karimi-Maleh, “A review on magnetic sensors for monitoring of hazardous pollutants in water resources,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 824, p. 153844, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153844.