PAPER
GERUND
CREATED BY :
GROUP 3
HAERANI (105351102221)
NUR INTAN (105351101921)
ALDA SANJANI (105351102421)
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR
2022-2023
PREFACE
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Praise be to Allah SWT who has given His grace and guidance so that we can
complete the assignment of this paper entitled “GERUND" on time.
The purpose of writing this paper is to fulfill the duties of Maam Dr.Eka Prabawati
Rum, S.Pd., M. Pd. in the Student Development course. In addition, we really hope that this
paper can be useful for all who read it in order to increase our insight and knowledge about
Gerund for readers and also for writers.
This paper is structured with many hurdles and obstacles. We realize that this paper is
far from perfect. Therefore, we as writers hope for constructive criticism, suggestions and
suggestions. because without it all, nothing is perfect. Hopefully this paper can be understood
for anyone who reads it.
We would like to thank Maam Dr.Eka Prabawati Rum, S.Pd., M.Pd. as a lecturer in
Intermediate Grammar who has given this assignment so that it can increase our knowledge
and insight.
Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullah Wabarakatuh.
Makassar, November, 18, 2022
Author
Group 3
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER................................................................................................................i
PREFACE.......................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1
A...Background..............................................................................................1
B...Problem Formulation...............................................................................1
C...Purpose Of The Paper..............................................................................1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION............................................................................ 2
A...Definition Of Gerund.............................................................................. 2
B...The Function Of Gerund......................................................................... 2
C...Types Of Gerund..................................................................................... 6
D...List Of Verb Followed By The Gerund Verb..........................................7
PART III CLOSING......................................................................................... 8
A...Conclusion................................................................................................ 8
B... Suggestion.................................................................................................8
REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 9
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A...Background
In English everyone is familiar with word patterns or formulas. And there are
many types of words that can be found in English, especially in the noun form. There are
many types of nouns in the structure of the English language, for example; Noun Phrases
and more. And there is a kind of noun that is formed from a verb and is often called a
gerund.
Gerund is a verb (Verb) that is used but changes its function as a noun (Noun). Or
it could also be said that the gerund is a verb into a noun (Verbal Noun). So on this
occasion I will discuss in more detail about gerunds. That's how it's formed and how the
gerund is used. Therefore I try to make this article so that it can help readers to get to
know gerunds better.
B. Problem Formulation
A. What is the definition of a Gerund?
B. What is the function of the Gerund?
C. What are the types of Gerund?
D. What are the verbs that must be followed by Gerund?
C. Purpose Of The Paper
1) To find out the more detailed definition of gerund.
2) To know about various gerund functions.
3) To determine the types of gerund.
4) To be able to know the word form of a verb or gerund.
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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Gerund
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of
the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or
the object of a sentence. Gerund is a verb (Verb) used but changed its function as a
noun (Noun), or it can also be said that the gerund is a verb into a noun (Verbal Noun).
Gerunds are nouns that come from added verbs, for example swimming,
cating, fishing, shopping, dancing, and singing.
The form of the Gerund is: VERB 1+ING
For example : swimming, shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, sleeping, eating, etc.
B. The Function Of Gerund
In a sentence, gerund serves as:
Subject (subject)
The complement of the subject (subjective complement)
Direct (direct object)
Preposition (object of preposition)
1) Subject
Gerund as the main subject of a sentence, if gerund as subject, then
gerund can stand up on their own or form as a phrase.
Smoking is dangerous.
Singing is my passion.
Smiling makes you beautiful.
Swimming is good service.
The form of the word "swimmming" in the sentence above is as
Gerund, which serves as the noun (Noun) and becomes subject
Formula : S + Verb
Example:
Your singing is very beautiful.
Studying needs time and patience.
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Playing tennis is fun.
Reading English is easier than speaking it.
2) Subjective Complement
Gerund as a complement to the subject in the sentence is usually
preceded to be located between subject and subjective complement, for
example:
My favorite sport is running.
My favorite activity is reading.
3) Direct Object
Gerund as a direct object in the sentence, for example :
I enjoy dancing.
She likes dancing.
Thank you for coming.
I hate arguing.
He stops working in an office.
Formula : Subject + Verbs + Gerund + Complement (Adverb)
4) Object Of Preposition
There are two possibilities if Gerund is used as Object, namely the
Object of Preposition (Object Kata Depan) and Object of Verb (Object Kata
Kerja).
o Using Gerund As a Object of Preposition (Object Preposisi)
Formula : Preposition + Gerund (Verb-Ing)
Example :
We talk about going to Bali for our vacation.
She is not interesting in looking for a new job.
Thank you for helping me carry the bag.
You Should take advantage of living here.
The rain prevented us from completing the work.
We will be happy by listening the music.
Billy is not used to wearing a suit and tie every day.
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Some prepositions (preposition) commonly followed by Gerund is :
about, in, for, of, without, from, by, to, after, before, because of, at, like and
with.
NOTES :
For the preposition "to", it may be followed by a gerund if its function is
indeed as a preposition, not a form of an infinitive.
Example:
I'm used to sleeping with the window open.
I'm accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
I look forward to going home next month.
o Using the Gerund as a Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja)
Formula : Verb + Gerund (Verb + Ing)
Common verbs followed by gerunds are as follows:
5) Apposition
Gerund as a position or affirmation in the sentences, examples:
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My hobby, fishing, is interesting.
I do not like quarrelling, a useless job.
My hobby is fishing and fishing is interesting are placed side by side
in a sentence as an apposition (fishing is an apposition of my hobby), as well
as the example sentence below it.
6) Gerunds In Passive Sense
We often use a gerund after the verbs need, require and want. In this
case, the gerund has a passive sense.
To express passive sentences, especially after Verb Want, Need, require,
and deserve, then use a Gerunds.
I have three shirts that need washing. (need to be washed)
This letter requires signing. (needs to be signed)
The house wants repainting. (needs to be repainted)
7) Gerund as a compound word (Compound Noun) containing the
meaning of a tool
Example:
Swiming Pool, Swimming Suit, Shopping Centre. Drawing Book, Sewing
Machine, Washing Machine, Writing Paper, Dining Table. Shopping Bag,
Racing Car, Waiting Room, Dining Room, Living Room, etc.
8) Gerund is used to create a brief ban or warning
Example: No smoking, no spitting, no parking, warning, etc.
9) As Idiomatic Expression
It's usually to express an expression. For this function, the formula is
usually the formula is "GO + V-ing".
Example:
I go fishing with my father..
I went shopping with my mother.
She will go camping, won't she?
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10) After Possessive Adjectives
If you want to place a verb after the word belonging to my, our, her
etc. then the verb must also be in Gerunds form.
Example:
Thank you for your visiting.
I am sorry for my coming late.
C. Types Of Gerund
In a simple sentence structure, namely Subject + Predicate + Object, this
subject and object must be occupied by a noun or gerund. And you can use one of two
types of gerunds. The two types of gerunds are Simple Gerund (simple Gerund) and
Gerund Phrase (Phrasa Gerund).
1) Simple Gerund
Simple gerund is a simple form of gerund where only one gerund word is used
itself with the pattern 'Verb + ing'.
For example:
Typing
Dancing
Cooking
Playing
Watching
2) Gerund Phrase
We can interpret phrases or frasa as a composition of words. Thus we can
interpret that a gerund phrase is a gerund that uses more than one word
arrangement.
The usual gerund phrase pattern is 'Gerund + object'.
Example Gerund Phrase:
Listening Music
Reading a Novel
Speaking English
Playing Football
Your dancing
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D. List Of Verbs Followed By The Gerund Verb
Below is a list of verbs followed by a gerund verb:
1) Admit (He admitted stealing the money).
2) Advise (She advised waiting until tomorrow).
3) Anticipate (I anticipate having a good time on vacation).
4) Apriciate (I appreciated hearing from them).
5) Avoid (He avoided answering my question).
6) Can’t bear (I can't bear waiting in long lines).
7) Begin (It began raining).
8) Complete (I finally completed writing my term paper.)
9) Consider (I will consider going with you).
10) Continue (He continued speaking).
11) Delay (He delayed leaving for school).
12) Deny (She denied committing the crime).
13) Discuss (They discussed opening a new business).
14) Dislike (I dislike driving long distances).
15) Enjoy (We enjoyed visiting them).
16) Finish (She finished studying about ten).
17) Forget (I'll never forget visiting Napoleon's tomb.
18) Hate (I hate making silly mistakes.)
19) Can’t help (I can't help worrying about it).
20) Keep (1 keep hoping he will come).
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
A gerund is a verb that ends in -ing to form a noun that functions to occupy the
position of a noun in a sentence. To occupy the noun position we can use both types
of gerunds, namely simple gerunds and gerund phrases. If classified, there are at least
4 gerund functions. The four gerund functions are as a subject in a sentence, as a noun
predicate, as a direct object and as the object of a preposition. And we can get the
gerund formula depending on the context of the sentence,
B. Suggestion
The author realizes that there are many mistakes in the making of this paper,
so the author apologizes for the shortcomings that the author has made. So the author
asks for criticism and suggestions from colleagues and hopefully this paper can be
useful for all.
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REFERENCES
Betty Schrampfer Azar. 1989. (English grammar second edition). Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey.
Owl English Purdue edu. 2011.
Gerund http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/
Diakses pada 06 Februari 2018.
Rifqi Shahab. 2012. Pengertian
Gerund. http://www.bahasainggrisonline.com/2012/12/grund.htm).
Diakses pada 07 Februari 2018.
Anonim. 2012. Contoh dan Penggunaan
Gerund.http://www.helajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-dan-penggunaan-perunds/
Diakses pada 07 Februari 2018.
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