50 [Pahang PPD Jerantut 2022-03] 3. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf A, B, K, L, M dan N bukan mewakili simbol sebenar unsur. Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters A, B, K, L, M and N do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 3 Diagram 3 Berdasarkan Rajah 3: Based on Diagram 3: (a) Pilih satu unsur halogen. Choose an element that is a halogen. M …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] (b) Unsur yang manakah monoatom? Which element is monoatomic? N …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] (c) Susun A, B, K, L, M dan N mengikut pertambahan saiz atom. Arrange A, B, K, L, M and N according to the increase in size of the atoms. L, N, M, A, B, K …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] (d) (i) Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang apabila unsur K dan M bertindak balas. Write a balanced chemical equation when element K and M reacts. 1. Formula kimia bahan dan hasil 2. Persamaan kimia yang seimbang 2K + M2 → 2KM …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [2 markah][2 marks]
51 (ii) Nyatakan satu sifat sebatian yang terhasil di d(i). State one property of compound formed from d(i). Larut dalam air // takat didih tinggi …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] [Melaka2022-04] 4. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. Rajah 3 /Diagram 3 (a) Apakah unsur yang diwakili oleh simbol Fe? What is the element represented by the symbol Fe? Ferum// Iron ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom Mg. Write the electron arrangement for the Mg atom. 2.8.2 ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (c) Pernyataan di bawah menunjukkan sifat-sifat dua jenis gas. Statement below shows properties of two types of gas. Gas Helium Helium gas Ringan Light Tidak reaktif Not reactive Tidak berwarna Colourless Gas Hidrogen Hydrogen gas Ringan Light Mudah Terbakar Flammable Tidak Berwarna Colourless
52 Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, gas yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam belon kaji cuaca? Berikan satu sebab. Based on the above information, which gas is suitable to be used in meteorological balloons? Give one reason. 1. Gas Helium// Helium gas 2. Gas helium tidak reaktif// Helium gas is not reactive ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah][2 marks] (d) Puan Chin ialah seorang juru dandan di sebuah salon. Puan Chin mendapati selepas rambut pelanggannya dicuci, rambut melekat sehingga sukar untuk disikat. Mrs. Chin is a hairdresser in a salon. Mrs. Chin found that after her client's hair was washed, the hair was sticky and difficult to comb. Nyatakan nama ikatan yang terbentuk. Terangkan kesan ikatan tersebut terhadap rambut pelanggan Puan Chin. State the name of the bond formed. Explain the effect of the bond on Mrs. Chin's client's hair. 1. Ikatan hidrogen// Hydrogen bond 2. Apabila rambut basah, molekul protein membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan molekul air When hair is wet, protein molecules formed mhydrogen bonds with water molecule 3. Molekul air membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan molekul protein rambut Water molecules formed hydrogen bonds with other hair protein molecules ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah][3 marks]
53 [JUJ2022-Set01-02] 2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan maklumat unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Table 2 shows the information of elements in Periodic Table of Elements. Unsur Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Susunan elektron Electron arrangement 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7 2.8.8 Formula kimia bagi oksida unsur Chemical formula of oxides of elements Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO2 Cl2O7 Tiada None Jadual 2 / Table 2 Berdasarkan Jadual 2, Based on Table 2, (a) Kala yang manakah unsur-unsur itu terletak? Which period are the elements placed? 3 Reject : tiga dlm perkataan ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Oksida unsur-unsur itu menunjukkan sifat berasid, berbes, atau amfoterik. Oxide of the elements show acidic, basic, or amphoteric properties. (i) Namakan sebatian Na2O Name compound Na2O Natrium oksida ..................................................................................................................... (ii) Nyatakan sifat Al2O3 State the properties of Al2O3 amfoterik ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah / 2 marks]
54 (c) Mengapakah argon tidak membentuk sebatian oksida? Why does argon not form an oxide compound? P1: atom argon telah mencapai susunan elektron oktet/stabil P2: tidak perlu menderma atau menerima atau berkongsi elektron dengan unsur lain ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah / 2 marks] Chapter 5: Chemical Bond / Bab 5: Ikatan Kimia [SPM2021-V2-02] 2. Rajah 1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi dua atom yang boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. Diagram 1 shows the standard representation of two atoms that can react to form a compound. 23 Na 35 Cl 11 17 Rajah 1 Diagram 1 Berdasarkan Rajah 1, Based on Diagram 1, (a) (i) Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam sebatian ion itu. State the type of particles found in the ionic compound. ion ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam sebatian ion. State the type of bond in ionic compound. ikatan ion Ionic bond ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (iii) Berikan satu sifat fizik sebatian ion. Give one physical property of ionic compound. Larut dalam air/ tak larut dalam pelarut organik soluble in water/ insoluble in organic solvent
55 Takat lebur/ didih tinggi// high melting/ boiling point Boleh mengkonduksi elektrik dalam leburan atau larutan akueus Can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous solution ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian ion yang terbentuk. Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed. KENA GANTIKAN DENGAN CL. BUKAN F [2 markah] [2 marks] [Perlis2022-01] 1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi air. Diagram 1 shows the electron arrangement of water. Rajah 1 Diagram 1 (a) Apakah tujuan pembentukan ikatan kimia? What is the purpose of chemical bond formation? Untuk mencapai susunan elektron duplet atau/dan oktet. To achieve duplet or/and octet electron arrangement. ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (b) Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam air. State the type of particles in water. Molekul Molecule ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark]
56 (c) Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia dalam air. State the type of chemical bond in water. Ikatan kovalen Covalent bond ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (d) Berdasarkan Rajah 1, terangkan bagaimana ikatan kimia itu terbentuk. Based on Diagram 1, explain how the chemical bond is formed. Satu atom oksigen menyumbang/berkongsi dua elektron dengan dua atom hidrogen yang menyumbang/berkongsi satu elektron setiap satu. One oxygen atom contributes/shares two electrons with two atoms of hydrogen which contribute/shares one each ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] [PPinang2022-Set02-06] 6. (a) Jadual 6 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom P, Q, R dan S Table 6 shows the electron arrangements of atoms P, Q, R and S. Atom Atom Susunan elektron Electron arrangement P 2.4 Q 2.8.1 R 2.8.2 S 2.8.7 Jadual 6/Table 6 (i) Pasangan atom manakah yang membentuk sebatian melalui pemindahan elektron? Which pair of atoms forms a compound by tranfering electrons? Q dan S // R dan S Q and S // R and S ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di a(i). Write the chemical formula of the compound formed in a(i). QS // RS2 ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (iii) Sebatian yang terbentuk di a(i) mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi. Terangkan jawapan anda.
57 Compound formed in a(i) has high melting point. Explain your answer. 1.Daya tarikan elektrostatik yang kuat antara ion dalam sebatian ion Strong electrostatics force between ion in the ionic compound 2.Lebih banyak tenaga haba diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara ion More heat energy is needed to overcome the force of attraction between the ions. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah/marks] (b) 12 C 1 H 6 1 Atom karbon dan atom hidrogen adalah tidak stabil. Kedua-dua atom itu bertindak balas membentuk sebatian kovalen yang lebih stabil. Lukiskan struktur Lewis pembentukan molekul dalam ruangan di bawah. Carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are unstable. They react to form a covalent compound which more stable. Draw the Lewis structure of the formation for the molecule formed in the space below. Formula kimia Chemical formula Bilangan elektron valens The number of valence electrons [2 markah/marks] (c) Terangkan pembentukan ikatan datif di dalam ion ammonium, NH4 + Explain the formation of dative bond in ammonium ion, NH4 + 1. Pasangan elektron bebas pada atom nitrogen dalam molekul ammonia Free pair of electrons at nitrogen atom in the ammonia molecules 2. akan dikongsikan elektron will be shared the electron 3. dengan ion hidrogen with hydrogen ion .....................................................................................................................
58 ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah/marks] Chapter 6: Acids, Base and Salts / Bab 6: Asid, Bes dan Garam [Melaka2022-06] 6. Rajah 5 menunjukkan maklumat mengena hbgbvci dua produk yang menggunakan dua jenis asid, Asid X dan Asid Y. Diagram 5 shows the information for two products using two types of acids, Acid X and Acid Y. Rajah 5/ Diagram 5
59 (a) Nyatakan maksud asid. State the meaning of acid. Bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion hidrogen/ H+ // Chemical substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions/ H+ ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Kenal pasti Asid Y. Identify Acid Y. Asid Y : Asid sulfurik/ H2SO4 Acid Y Sulphuric acid ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (c) Kedua-dua Asid X dan Asid Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH bagi kedua-dua asid dalam Rajah 5 adalah berbeza Both Acids X and Y have the same concentration. Explain why the pH values for both acids in Diagram 5 are different. 1. Asid X ialah asid lemah manakala Asid Y ialah asid kuat Acid X is a weak acid while Acid Y is a strong acid 2. Asid X mengion separa dalam air tetapi asid Y mengion lengkap dalam air Acid X ionises partially in water, but Acid Y ionises completely in water. 3. Kepekatan ion hidrogen/ H+ Asid Y lebih tinggi daripada Asid X Concentration of hydrogen ion/ H+ in Acid Y is higher than Acid X. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah][3 marks] (d) Apabila 0.5 mol zink karbonat ditambah ke dalam Asid Y yang berlebihan, pembuakan berlaku; When 0.5 mol zinc carbonate is added into excess Acid Y, effervescence occurs; (i) Dengan menggunakan Asid Y yang dinyatakan di 6(b), tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. By using Acid Y stated in 6(b), write a chemical equation for the reaction. ZnCO3 + H2SO4 →ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah/ marks]
60 (ii) Hitung isi padu gas yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik. Calculate the volume of gas produced at room condition. [Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik = 24 dm3 mol-1] [Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm3 mol-1] 1. 0.5 zink karbonat menghasilkan 0.5 mol karbon dioksida// 0.5 mol of zinc carbonate produces 0.5 mol carbon dioxide 2. (0.5 × 24) dm3// 12 dm3 [2 markah/ marks] [JUJ2022-Set02-04] 4. (a) Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi dua asid monoprotik iaitu asid nitrik dan asid etanoik. Table 4 shows the pH value of two monoprotic acids which are nitric acid and ethanoic acid. Asid Acid Kepekatan (mol dm-3) Concentration (mol dm-3) Nilai pH pH value Asid nitrik Nitric acid 0.1 1 Asid etanoik Ethanoic acid 0.1 5 Jadual 4/ Table 4 Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 4, Based on information in Table 4, (i) Nyatakan maksud asid monoprotik. State the meaning of monoprotic acid. 1. Asid yang mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan satu ion hidrogen per molekul// Asid yang mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan satu mol ion hidrogen. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark]
61 (ii) Terangkan mengapa nilai pH asid etanoik lebih besar berbanding asid nitrik. Explain why the pH value of ethanoic acid is greater than nitric acid. 1. Asid etanoik mengion separa dalam air manakala asid nitrik mengion lengkap dalam air // Asid etanoik adalah asid lemah manakala asid nitrik adalah asid kuat 2. Kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam asid etanoik lebih rendah. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah][2 marks] (b) Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas tindak balas peneutralan di antara asid hidroklorik dan larutan natrium hidroksida. Diagram 4 shows apparatus set-up for neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Rajah 4 / Diagram 4 (i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas peneutralan. Write a chemical equation for the neutralisation reaction. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark]
62 (ii) Hitungkan jisim garam yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas di atas jika 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik telah digunakan untuk bertindak balas. [Jisim atom relatif: Na=23; Cl=35.5; O=16] Calculate the mass of salt formed from the above reaction if 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid was used for the reaction. [Relative atomic mass: Na=23; Cl=35.5; O=16] 1. Bilangan mol = 25 x 1.0 // 0.025 1000 2. Nisbah mol 1 mol HCl : 1 mol NaCl // 0.025 mol HCl : 0.025 mol NaCl 3. Jisim NaCl yang betul dengan unit yang betul = 0.025 x 58.5 g // 1.46 g [3 markah / 3 marks] [Selangor2022-Set02-08] [Selangor2022-Set3-08] kehadiran air 8. Jadual 8 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian bagi dua set eksperimen. Table 8 shows the apparatus set-up and observation of two sets of experiment. Set susunan radas apparatus set-up pemerhatian observation I Mentol tidak menyala The bulb does not light up II Mentol menyala The bulb light up Jadual 8 Table 8 Berdasarkan Jadual 8, Based on Table 8,
63 (a) (i) cadangkan pelarut Y. suggest solvent Y. Air Water ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) terangkan mengapa mentol dalam Set II menyala. explain why the bulb in Set II lights up. Molekul HCl mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan ion hidrogen dan ion klorida yang bebas bergerak. HCl molecules ionize in water to produce free moving hydrogen ions and chloride ions. ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Rajah 8 menunjukkan kaedah pentitratan yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid. Diagram 8 shows titration method carry out by a student. Rajah 8 Diagram 8 Berdasarkan Rajah 8, Based on Diagram 8, (i) tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas peneutralan itu. write a balanced chemical equation for the neutralisation reaction. H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
64 •Formula kimia bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul •Correct chemical formula of reactants and products •Persamaan kimia yang seimbang Balanced chemical equation ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (ii) 25 cm3 asid sulfurik meneutralkan 50 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3. Hitungkan kemolaran asid sulfurik. 25 cm3 of sulphuric acid neutralises 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution. Calculate the molarity of sulphuric acid. Bilangan mol KOH = ( .1)(5 ) = 0.005 mol 1 Number of moles KOH 1 mol H2SO4 : 2 mol KOH 0.0025 mol H2SO4 : 0.005 mol KOH Kemolaran H2SO4 = ( . 25)(1 ) = 0.1 mol dm-3 25 Molarity H2SO4 [3 markah] [3 marks] (iii) Huraikan ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kehadiran anion dalam hasil tindak balas peneutralan itu. Describe chemical test to verify the presence of anion in the product of the neutralisation reaction. •Tambah 2 cm3 asid hidroklorik cair ke dalam tabung uji yang mengandungi 2 cm3 larutan garam. •Add 2 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid into the test tube containing 2 cm3 of salt solution. •Tambah larutan barium klorida ke dalam tabung uji. •Add barium chloride solution into the test tube. •Mendakan putih terbentuk mengesahkan kehadiran ion SO4 2- White precipitate formed confirms the present of SO4 2- ions. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah] [3 marks]
65 [Selangor2022-Set01-08] penyedian garam 8. Jadual 8 menunjukkan penyediaan natrium klorida dan kuprum(II) sulfat melalui Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Table 8 shows the preparation of sodium chloride and copper(II) sulphate through Experiment I and Experiment II. Eksperimen Experiment Bahan Materials 40 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 + 40 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.5 mol dm-3 + fenolftalein 40 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm 3 hydrochloric acid + 40 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm 3 sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein Kuprum(II) oksida berlebihan + 40 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm-3 Excess copper(W) oxide + 40 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid Jadual 8 Table 8 (a) Apakah tindak balas yang berlaku dalam Eksperimen I? What is the reaction that take place in Experiment I? Peneutralan Neutralisation ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark]
66 (b) Berdasarkan Eksperimen I, Based on Experiment I, (i) nyatakan satu pemerhatian. state one observation. Warna larutan bertukar dari merah jambu kepada tidak berwarna. The color of the solution changes from pink to colorless. ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) asid hidroklorik dalam Eksperimen I digantikan dengan asid sulfurik dengan kepekatan yang sama. Ramalkan isi padu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk tindak balas yang lengkap. hydrochloric acid in Experiment I is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid required for a complete reaction. 20 cm3 ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (c) Berdasarkan Eksperimen II, Based on Experiment II, (i) terangkan mengapa kuprum(II) oksida berlebihan ditambahkan. explain why excess copper(II) oxide is added. Untuk memastikan semua asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan lengkap To ensure that all sulphuric acid reacts completely ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. write a chemical equation of this reaction. CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O • Formula kimia bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul • Correct chemical formula of reactants and products • Persamaan kimia yang seimbang • Balanced chemical equation ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks]
67 (iii) hitung jisim maksimum garam yang diperoleh. [Jisim atom relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, 0=16] calculate the maximum mass of salt obtained. [Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, 0=16] Bilangan mol H2SO4 // Number of moles H2SO4 = (0.5)(40)/ 1000 = 0.02 mol Jisim CuSO4 = 0.02 × [64 + 32 + 4(16)] = 3.2 g Mass CuSO4 [2 markah] [2 marks] (d) Amin ingin mengulangi Eksperimen II dengan menggantikan serbuk kuprum(II) oksida dengan serbuk kuprum. Pada pendapat anda, adakah Amin membuat keputusan yang betul? Terangkan jawapan anda. Amin wishes to repeat Experiment II by replacing copper(II) oxide powder with copper powder. In your opinion, do Amin makes a correct decision? Explain your answer. • Tidak • Kuprum kurang elektropositif daripada hidrogen • No • Copper is less electropositive than hydrogen ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks]
68 [Perlis2022-07] 7. Rajah 5 menunjukkan penyediaan garam tak terlarutkan. Diagram 5 shows the preparation of an insoluble salt. Rajah 5 Diagram 5 (a) Nyatakan nama tindak balas di atas. State the name of the reaction above. Penguraian ganda dua.// Double decomposition ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (b) Namakan mendakan garam tak terlarutkan. Name precipitate of insoluble salt. Plumbum(II) sulfat// Lead(II) sulphate ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (c) Persamaan ion bagi pembentukan mendakan : Pb2+ + SO4 2- → PbSO4 Hitung jisim mendakan yang terbentuk. Ionic equation for the precipitation formed: Pb2+ + SO4 2- → PbSO4 Calculate the mass of precipitate formed. [Jisim atom relatif : N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 32, Pb = 207 ] [Relative atomic mass : N = 14, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 32, Pb = 207 ] Bilangan mol SO4 2- , Number of moles of SO4 2- : 25 (0.5) = 0.0125 mol 1000
69 Bilangan mol Pb2+, Number of moles of Pb2+ : 25 (1.0) = 0.025 mol (berlebihan/ in excess) 1000 Maka, jisim mendakan yang terbentuk/ So, mass of precipitate formed : 0.0125 mol x [207 + 32 + 4(16)] g mol-1 = 0.0125 x 303 = 3.79 g [3 markah] [3 marks] (d) Rajah 6 menunjukkan carta alir bagi satu siri tindak balas bagi garam kuprum(II) karbonat. Diagram 6 shows the flow chart of a series of reactions of copper(II) carbonate salt. Rajah 6 Diagram 6 (i) Namakan garam L. Name salt L. Kuprum(II) sulfat// Copper(II) sulphate ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (ii) Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas V. Write the chemical equation for reaction V. CuCO3 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + CO2 + H2O ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah][2 marks] (iii) Seorang murid ingin menukar balik garam L kepada kuprum(II) karbonat. Huraikan dengan ringkas bagaimana garam L dapat ditukar semula kepada kuprum(II) karbonat. A pupil wants to convert salt L back to copper(II) carbonate. Explain briefly how salt L can be changed back to copper(II) carbonate. Tambahkan larutan garam L ke dalam larutan natrium karbonat dalam bikar. Kacau dan turas. Add L solution into sodium carbonate solution in a beaker. Stir and filter.
70 ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah][2 marks] [Putrajaya2022-05] garam 5. Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu set ujian pengesahan yang dijalankan ke atas sampel garam P. Diagram 5 shows a set of confirmatory tests that was carried out on sample salt P. Tambah larutan NaOH hingga berlebihan Mendakan putih larut dalam larutan NaOH berlebihan White precipitate soluble in excess NaOH Garam P nitrat Salt P nitrate Tambah larutan NH3 hingga berlebihan Add NH3 solution until excess Mendakan putih larut dalam larutan NH3 berlebihan White precipitate soluble in excess NH3 Pemanasan Heating Pepejal Q, gas R dan gas oksigen Solid Q, gas R and oxygen gas Rajah 5 Diagram 5 (a) Namakan garam P? Name salt P? Garam P : zink nitrat / zinc nitrate ………..………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 markah/ mark] (b) (i) Nyatakan warna baki yang terhasil apabila garam P dipanaskan dengan kuat. State the colour of the residue when salt P is heated strongly. Kuning semasa panas, putih apabila sejuk Yellow when hot, white when cold ………..………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 markah/ mark] (ii) Kenal pasti pepejal Q dan gas R. Identify solid Q and gas R. Pepejal Q : Zink oksida / zinc oxide Gas R : nitrogen dioksida / nitrogen dioxide
71 ………..………………………………………………………………………………………... ………..………………………………………………………………………………………... [2 markah/ marks] (iii) Nyatakan warna gas R. State the colour of gas R. Perang / Brown ………..………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 markah/ mark] (c) Terangkan bagaimana ujian pengesahan anion garam P dijalankan. Explain how a confirmatory test of anion of salt P is conducted. - Tambahkan 2 cm3 larutan asid sulfurik cair dan 2 cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat ke dalam tabung uji berisi sampel larutan garam P dan goncangkan - Titiskan perlahan-lahan melalui dinding tabung uji, beberapa titik larutan asid sulfurik pekat - Cincin perang terbentuk - Add 2 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid solution and 2 cm3 iron(II) sulphate solution to the sample of salt P in a test tube and shake well. - Add slowly few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid solution thru the wall of the test tube - Brown ring is formed …………………………………………………………………….…………………………… ………………………………………………………………………….……………………… ……………………………………………………………………………….………………… [3 markah/ marks]
72 Essay questions / Soalan esei [SBP2022-10] 10 (a) Jadual 10.1 menunjukkan kepekatan dan nilai pH bagi dua jenis asid dengan kebesan yang sama. Table 10.1 shows the concentration and pH value for two types of acid with the same basicity. Nilai pH antara 3 hingga 7 pH value between 3 to 7 Nilai pH kurang daripada 3 pH value less than 3 Jadual / Table 10.1 Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan asid? Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, cadangkan asid A dan asid B dan terangkan perbezaan nilai pH bagi keduadua asid. What is meant by acid? Based on Table 10.1, suggest acid A and acid B and explain the difference in pH values of these two acids. [6 markah/ marks] P1: Bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air menghasilkan ion hidrogen/H+//Chemical substance that ionise in water to produce hydrogen ion/H+ P2: Asid etanoik// ethanoic acid//CH3COOH P3: Asid hidroklorik// asid nitrik// hydrochloric acid//nitric acid//HCl//HNO3 P4 : Asid A ialah asid lemah/ mengion separa dalam air manakala asid B ialah asid kuat/ mengion sepenuhnya dalam air // Acid A is a weak acid/ ionises partially in water while acid B is a strong acid/ ionises completely in water P5 : Kepekatan ion hidrogen/ H+ bagi asid A lebih rendah berbanding asid B// Concentration of hydrogen ion/ H+ in acid A is lower than acid B. P6: Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion hydrogen/ H+, semakin rendah nilai pH// The higher the concentration of hydrogen ion/ H+ the lower the pH value.
73 (b) Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan kesan pemanasan ke atas dua sebatian ion yang berbeza iaitu sebatian X dan Y. Sebatian-sebatian tersebut terdiri daripada kation yang sama. Pemanasan sebatian-sebatian tersebut menghasilkan pepejal yang berwarna kuning apabila panas dan bertukar putih apabila sejuk. Table 10.2 shows the effect of heat on two different ionic compounds which are compound X and Y. The compounds consist of the same cation. Heating of the compounds produces yellow solid when hot and white solid when cold. Tindak balas I Reaction 1 Tindak balas II Reaction II Gas tidak berwarna P terbebas Colourless gas P is released Gas tidak berwarna Q dan gas berwarna perang R terbebas Colourless gas Q and brown gas R are released Jadual / Table 10.2 Tulis formula kimia bagi sebatian X dan sebatian Y. Nyatakan nama bagi gas P, gas Q dan gas R yang dibebaskan dalam Tindak balas I dan II. Cadangkan bahan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sebatian X. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi Tindak balas II. Write chemical formula for compound X and Y. State the name of gas P, Q and R released in Reaction I and II. Suggest reactants to produce compound X. Write a chemical equation for Reaction II. [9 markah/ marks] Jawapan: P1: X – ZnCO3 P2: Y- Zn(NO3)2 P3: Gas P - Karbon dioksida// Carbon dioxide P4: Gas Q - Nitrogen dioksida// Nitrogen dioxide P5: Gas R - Oksigen// Oxygen [Dapat mencadangkan bahan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sebatian X dengan betul]
74 Contoh jawapan: P6: Zink nitrat// Zink klorida// Zink sulfat// Zinc nitrate// Zinc chloride// Zinc sulphate// Zn(NO3)2// ZnCl2// ZnSO4 P7: Natrium karbonat// Kalium karbonat// Ammonium karbonat// Sodium carbonate// Potassium carbonate// Ammonium carbonate// Na2CO3// K2CO3// (NH4)2CO3 [Dapat menulis persamaan kimia bagi Tindak balas II dengan betul] Jawapan: P8: Formula bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul P9: Persamaan seimbang 2Zn(NO3)2 → 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 (c) Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mcnghasilkan garam tak terlarutkan. Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set-up to produce an insoluble salt. Rajah / Diagram 10 Namakan tindak balas bagi menghasilkan garam tak terlarutkan. Berdasarkan Rajah 10, tuliskan persamaan ion untuk menunjukkan pembentukan mendakan X. Jika 0.05 mol plumbum(II) nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium iodida berlebihan, hitungkan jisim mendakan X. Name the reaction to produce insoluble salt. Based on Diagram 10, write an ionic equation to show the formation of precipitate X. If 0.05 mol of lead(II) nitrate reacts with excess potassium iodide solution, calculate the mass of precipitate X. [Jisim atom relatif: I =127, Pb = 207] [Relative atomic mass : I =127, Pb = 207] [5 markah/ marks] P1: Penguraian ganda dua// Pemendakan// Double decomposition// Precipitation [Dapat menulis persamaan ion dengan betul] P2 : Formula bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul
75 P3 : Persamaan seimbang Jawapan: Pb2+ + 2I− → PbI2 Contoh jawapan: P4 : 1 mol Pb(NO3)2 menghasilkan 1 mol PbI2// 1 mol of Pb(NO3)2 produce 1 mol of PbI2/ 0.05 mol Pb(NO3)2 menghasilkan 0.05 mol PbI2// 0.05 mol of Pb(NO3)2 produce 0.05 mol of PbI2 P5 : Jisim PbI2 = 0.05 × [207 + 127(2)] = 23.05 g [PPinang2022-Set02-10] 10. (a) Jadual 10.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi ammonia dan natrium hidroksida dengan kepekatan yang sama. Table 10.1 shows the pH values of ammonia and sodium hydroxide of the same concentration. Alkali Alkaline Kepekatan (mol dm-3) Concentration (mol dm-3) Nilai pH pH value Ammonia Ammonia 0.5 11.0 Natrium hidroksida Sodium hydroxide 0.5 14.0 Jadual 10.1/Table 10.1 Terangkan mengapa nilai pH bagi kedua-dua alkali itu berbeza. Explain why the pH values of the two alkaline are different. [4 markah/marks] 1. Ammonia adalah alkali lemah // mengion separa dalam air menghasilkan kepekatan ion OH- yang rendah Ammonia is a weak alkali // ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of OH- ion 2. Natrium hidroksida adalah alkali kuat // mengion lengkap dalam air Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali // ionises completely in water 3. Kepekatan ion − dalam natrium hidroksida lebih tinggi Concentration of OH- ion in sodium hydroxide is higher 4. Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion − , semakin tinggi nilai pH The higher the concentration of OH- ion, the higher the pH value
76 (b) Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan keputusan pentitratan antara asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 dengan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Table 10.2 shows the results of titration between 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid and 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution. Titratan Titration I II III Bacaan akhir buret (cm3) Final reading of burette (cm3) 9.90 19.90 30.00 Bacaan awal buret (cm3) Initial reading of burette (cm3) 0.00 9.90 19.90 Jadual 10.1/Table 10.1 (i) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara natrium hidroksida dengan asid sulfurik. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid. [2 markah/marks] 2 + 24 → 24 + 22 (ii) Berdasarkan Jadual 10.2, tentukan isi padu purata asid sulfurik yang digunakan dan seterusnya hitung kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida. Based on Table 10.2, determine the average volume of sulphuric acid used and hence calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution. [4 markah/marks] 1. Isi padu purata / Average volume of 24 = 9.90+10.00+10.10 3// 3 = 10.00 3 2. Bil mol / number of mol = 1.0 ×10.00 // 0.01 2 4 1000 3. 1 mol H2SO4 : 2 mol NaOH 1 mol of H2SO4 : 2 mol of NaOH 0.01 mol 24 : 0.02 mol NaOH 0.01 mol of H2SO4 : 0.02 mol of NaOH 4. Kemolaran / Molarity of NaOH = 0.02 ×1000 −3 // 25 = 0.8 −3
77 (c) Sengatan obor-obor adalah beralkali dan menyebabkan kesakitan. Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh disapu pada kulit untuk mengurangkan sakit tanpa menyebabkan kecederaan seterusnya. Terangkan jawapan anda. The sting of a jelly-fish is alkaline and caused pain. Suggest one substance that can apply to the skin to release the pain without causing further injury. Explain your answer [2 markah/marks] 1. Cuka // Limau // mana-mana asid lemah yang sesuai Vinegar // Lime // any suitable weak acid 2. Asid meneutralkan sengatan obor-obor yang beralkali Acid neutralised sting of jelly fish (d) Persamaan menunjukkan tindak balas antara magnesium dan asid X. Asid X adalah asid diprotik. The equation shows the reaction between magnesium and acid X. Acid X is a diprotic acid. Mg + asid X →Garam Y + H2 Mg + acid X → Salt Y + H2 Berdasarkan persamaan itu: Based on that equation: (i) Cadangkan asid X dan kenal pasti garam Y dan tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. Suggest acid X and identify salt Y and write the chemical equation for the reaction. [4 markah/marks] 1. Asid X : Asid sulfurik Acid X : Sulphuric acid 2. Garam Y : Magnesium sulfat Salt Y : Magnesium sulphate 3. Formula kimia yang betul Correct chemical formula 4. Seimbang Balanced Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2 (ii) Nyatakan jenis garam Y State the type of Y salt. [1 markah/mark] Garam Y : Garam terlarutkan Salt Y : Soluble salt
78 (iii) 100 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm3 bertindak balas dengan serbuk magnesium secara berlebihan. Berapakah isi padu gas hidrogen yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik. [Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik: 24 dm3 mol-1] 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is reacted with excess magnesium powder. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room condition. [Molar volume of gas at room condition: 24 dm3 mol-1] [3 markah/marks] 1. Bilangan mol / number of mol = 1.0 x 100 / 1000 // 0.1 mol 2. 1 mol H2SO4 : 1 mol H2 1mol of H2SO4: 1 mol of H2 0.1 mol H2SO4 : 0.1 mol H2 0.1 mol of H2SO4 : 0.1 mol of H2 3. Isipadu / Volume of H2 = 0.1 x 24 dm3 // 2.4 dm3
79 Chapter 7: Rate of Reactions / Bab 7: Kadar Tindak Balas [SBP2022-06] 6. Rajah 6 menunjukkan graf isi padu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi tindak balas antara serbuk magnesium karbonat berlebihan dengan 50 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3. Diagram 6 shows a graph of volume of carbon dioxide gas against time for a reaction between excess magnesium carbonate powder and 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. Rajah 6 Diagram 6 (.a) Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam magnesium karbonat. State the type of particle in magnesium carbonate. Ion …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 markah/ mark] (b) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 markah/ marks] (c) Berdasarkan Rajah 6, Based on Diagram 6, (i) mengapakah lengkung pada graf mendatar selepas 7 minit? why is the curve in the graph becomes horizontal after 7 minutes? Semua asid sulfurik telah bertindak balas dengan lengkap//
80 All sulphuric acid has completely reacted …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 markah/ mark] (ii) hitung kadar tindak balas pada minit kedua. calculate the rate of reaction at the second minute. 1 Tangen ditunjukkan pada graf dalam Rajah 6 Kadar tindak balas dengan unit yang betul Contoh jawapan: 2. (64−20) cm3 min-1 // 11.58 ± 0.5 cm3 min-1 (4−0.2) [2 markah/ marks] (d) Jadual 6 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid nitrik. Table 6 shows the information for two sets of experiment to investigate factor affecting the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and nitric acid. Set Bahan tindak balas Reactants Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 30 cm3 gas karbon dioksida (s) Time taken to collect 30 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas (s) I 5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat 5 g of calcium carbonate powder + 50 cm3 asid nitrik 1.0 mol dm-3 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid 32
81 II 5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat 5 g of calcium carbonate powder + 25 cm3 asid nitrik 2.0 mol dm-3 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid 20 Jadual/ Table 6 Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Set I dan Set II. Terangkan jawapan anda dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran. Based on Table 6, compare the rate of reaction between Set I and Set II. Explain your answer by using the collision theory. 1. Kadar tindak balas di Set II lebih tinggi daripada Set I // Rate of reaction in Set II is higher than Set I 2. Kepekatan asid nitrik lebih tinggi dalam Set II // Bilangan ion H+ per unit isi padu lebih tinggi dalam Set II// Concentration of nitric acid is higher in Set II // The number of H+ ion per unit volume is higher in Set II 3. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara ion H+ dan MgCO3 lebih tinggi dalam Set II // The frequency of effective collision between H+ ion and MgCO3 is higher in Set II [Atau sebaliknya//or vice versa] …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 markah/ marks]
82 [SPM2021-V2-07] 7. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Diagram 6.1 shows two sets of experiment to study the of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Set Eksperimen Experiment I II Rajah 6.1 Diagram 6.1 (a) Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas. State the meaning of rate of reaction. Perubahan kuantiti bahan tindak balas terhadap masa Changes in the qiuantities of reactants over time ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, Based on Diagram 6.1, (i) hitung bilangan mol asid hidroklorik calculate the number of mol of hydrochloric acid mol = MV/1000 = 0.1 X 50/1000 = 0.05 mol [1 markah [1 mark] (ii) tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
83 write the chemical equation for the reaction. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [ 2 marks] (c) Nyatakan maklumat kuantitatif bagi jawapan di 7(b)(ii). State the quantitative information for the answer in 7(b)(ii). 1 mol Zn bertindak balas dengan 2 mol HCl menghasilkan 1 mol ZnCl2 dan 1 mol H2 1 mol Zn react with 2 mol HCl produce 1 mol ZnCl2 and 1 mol H2 ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (id) Bandingkan kadar tindak balas untuk eksperimen Set I dan Set II. Jelaskan jawapan anda berdasarkan teori pelanggaran. Compare the rate of reaction for experiment in Set I and Set II. Explain your answer based on collision theory. Kadar tindak balas Set I lebih tinggi berbanding Set II Rate of reaction in Set I is higher than Set II Saiz zink yang digunakan dalam Set I lebih kecil dan mempunyai jumlah luas permukaan per isi padu lebih besar berbanding dengan Set II The size of the zinc used in Set I is smaller and has a larger total surface area per volume compared to Set II Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara atom Zn dan ion H+ meningkat The frequency of effective collision between Zn atoms and H+ ions increases ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah] [3 marks]
84 (e) Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sebuah mesin basuh yang mempunyai dua mod pencucian yang menggunakan air panas dan air sejuk. Diagram 6.2 shows a washing machine that has two modes of cleaning that using hot water and cold water. Rajah 6.2 Diagram 6.2 Sebagai seorang pengguna, pilih mod pencucian yang lebih sesuai untuk mencuci pakaian? Wajarkan pilihan anda. As a consumer, choose cleaning mode that is more suitable to clean clothes? Justify your answer. 1. Air panas// Hot water 2. Suhu air dalam air panas lebih tinggi berbanding dalam air sejuk// Temperature of hot water is higher than cold water. 3. Tenaga kinetik molekul air dalam air panas lebih tinggi berbanding air sejuk // Kinetic energy of water molecule in hot water is higher than cold water. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks]
85 [Perak2022-Set01-08] 8. Azrul dan rakan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara serbuk logam zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Azrul and his friends carried out experiments to investigate the factor affecting the rate of reaction between powdered metal zinc and hydrochloric acid. Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat berkaitan bahan tindak balas dan masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 30 cm3 gas P. Table 8 shows the information about the reactants and the time taken to collect 30 cm3 of gas P Eksperimen Experiment Bahan tindak balas Reactants Masa yang diambil / s Time taken / s I Serbuk logam zink + 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 Powdered metal zinc + 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 10 II Serbuk logam zink + 100 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 Powdered metal zinc + 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 20 Jadual 8/ Table 8 (a) Apakah maksud kadar tindak balas? What is the meaning of rate of reaction? Perubahan isipadu gas hidrogen per unit masa Change in volume of hydrogen gas per unit time ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (b) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, Based on the table above, (i) Nyatakan gas yang terhasil. State the gas produced. Gas hidrogen Hydrogen gas ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (ii) Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas itu. Write the ionic equation for the reaction. Zn + 2H+→ Zn2+ +H2 ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark]
86 (c) (i) Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen I dan eksperimen II Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment I and experiment II Eksperimen I/ Experiment I Kadar tindakbalas /Rate of reaction = 30 = 3 cm3/s 10 Eksperimen II/Experiment II Kadar tindakbalas/ Rate of reaction = 30 = 1.5 cm3/s 20 [ 2 markah / marks] (ii) Berdasarkan jawapan di c(i), bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Nyatakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini. Based on the answer in c(i), compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. State the factor that affects the rate of reaction. P1: Kadar tindakbalas eksperimen I lebih tinggi berbanding eksperimen II Rate of reaction in experiment I is higher than Experiment II P2: Faktor : Kepekatan asid hidroklorik/ Factor: concentration of hydrochloric acid ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [ 2 markah / marks] (iii) Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas c(ii). By using the collision theory, explain the difference in the rate of reaction for c(ii). P1: Kepekatan asid hidroklorik dalam Eksperimen 1 adalah lebih Tinggi berbanding eksperimen II.// Bilangan ion hidrogen/H+ per unit isipadu yang tinggi di eksperimen I Concentration of hydrochloric acid in experiment I is higher Than experiment II. // The number of hydrogen /H+ ions per unit volume is higher in Experiment I. P2: Frekuensi perlanggaran antara atom zink dengan ion hidrogen lebih tinggi Frequency of collision between zinc atom and hydrogen ions is higher P3: Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah-zarah lebih tinggi. Frequency of effective collision between particles is higher
87 ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah / marks] Essay / Esei [Selangor2022-Set01-09] 9. Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink karbonat dengan dua asid, P dan Q. Table 9 shows the information for Experiment I and Experiment 11 to study the rate of reaction of zinc carbonate with two acids, P and Q. Eksperimen Experiment Bahan tindak balas Reactants Hasil tindak balas Products I 0.625 g zink karbonat dengan 50 cm3 asid P 2.0 mol dm-3 0.625 g of zinc carbonate and 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 acid P Zink nitrat, air dan gas S Zinc nitrate, water and gas S II 0.625 g zink karbonat dengan 50 cm3 asid Q 2.0 mol dm-3 0.625 g of zinc carbonate and 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 acid Q Zink sulfat, air dan gas S Zinc sulphate, water and gas S Jadual 9 Table 9 (a) (i) Merujuk kepada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II, nyatakan: • Maksud kadar tindak balas • Faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas • Namakan asid P dan asid Q Referring to Experiment I and Experiment II, state: • The meaning of rate of reaction • Factor that affects the rate of reaction • Name the acid P and acid Q [4 markah] [4 marks] P1: Perubahan isi padu gas S per unit masa. The change of volume of gas S per unit time. P2: Kepekatan ion hidrogen Concentration of hydrogen ion
88 P3: P - Asid nitrik P - Nitric acid P4: Q - Asid sulfurik Q - Sulphuric acid (ii) Kenal pasti gas S. Huraikan ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan gas S. Identify gas S. Describe the chemical test to verify gas S. [3 markah] [3 marks] P1: S - Karbon dioksida S - Carbon dioxide P2: Alirkan gas S ke dalam air kapur. Flow the gas S into lime water. P3: Air kapur menjadi keruh. Lime water turns cloudy. (iii) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid 0 dengan zink karbonat dan hitung isi padu maksimum gas S yang dihasilkan dalam Eksperimen II. [Jisim atom relatif: Zn = 65, O = 16, C = 12 dan 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik] Write the chemical equation for the reaction of acid Q with zinc carbonate and calculate the maximum volume of gas S produced in Experiment II. [Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65, O = 16, C = 12 and 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] [5 markah] [5 marks] ZnCO3 + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2 P1: Formula kimia bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul Correct chemical formula of reactants and products P2: Persamaan kimia yang seimbang Balanced chemical equation P3: Bilangan mol ZnCO3 = 0.625/ 125 = 0.005 mol Number of moles ZnCO3 P4: 1 mol ZnCO3 : 1 mol CO2 0.005 mol ZnCO3 : 0.005 mol CO2 P5: Isi padu CO2 = 0.005 × 24 = 0.12 dm3 Volume CO2
89 (b) (i) Lakarkan graf isi padu maksimum gas S melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II atas paksi yang sama. Sketch a graph of the maximum volume of gas S against time for Experiment I and Experiment 11 on the same axis. [3 markah] [3 marks] P1: Label paksi dengan unit yang betul Label the axis with the correct unit P2: Label graf I dan II dengan betul Label graphs I and II correctly P3: Tunjukkan isi padu maksimum Show maximum volume (ii) Berdasarkan graf di 9(b)(i), bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Terangkan jawapan anda menggunakan teori perlanggaran. Based on the graph in 9(b)(i), compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II. Explain your answer using collision theory. [5 markah] [5 marks] P1: Kadar tindak balas dalam Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. P2: Kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. Concentration of hydrogen ions in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. P3: Bilangan ion hidrogen per unit isi padu dalam Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. The number of hydrogen ions per unit volume in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I.
90 P4: Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zink karbonat dan ion hidrogen dalam Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. The frequency of collision between zinc carbonate and hydrogen ion in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. P5: Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zink karbonat dan ion hidrogen dalam Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. The frequency of effective collision between zinc carbonate and hydrogen ion in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. Chapter 8 : Manufactured substances in industries Bab 8: Bahan Buatan dalam Industri [SPM2021-V1-08] 8. (a) Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua jenis bahan yang sering digunakan dalam pembinaan bangunan tinggi. Diagram 5 shows two types of substances that are frequently used in the construction of high rise building. Rajah 5 Diagram 5 Berdasarkan Rajah 5, Based on Diagram 5, (i) apakah bahan X? what is substance X? karbon/ carbon/ C ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark]
91 (ii) dalam pembinaan bangunan tinggi, bahan B lebih banyak digunakan dalam industri pembinaan. Berikan sebab anda. in the construction of high rise buildings, substance B is used more in construction industry. Give your reason. Lebih kuat// stronger Keras// harder Kebolehtempaan// malleable tahan kakisan/ karat// resistant to corrosion/ rusting ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (iii) satu tiang jeti telah dilanggar oleh sebuah feri dan menyebabkannya pecah. Sebagai seorang jurutera, pilih salah satu bahan dalam Rajah 5 dan apakah yang perlu anda lakukan dengan bahan tersebut bagi memperkukuhkan tiang jeti itu? Berikan atasan anda. A jetty pillar was hit by a ferry and cause it to break. As an engineer, choose one of the substances in Diagram 5 and what should be done with the substance to strengthen the jetty pillar? Give your reason. Bahan B// substance B Campuran simen, batu kelikir dan pasir// tambah konkrit Mixture of cement, stones and sand// Kekuatan tekanan yang tinggi// kekuatan regangan yang tinggi// tahan kakisan// kekuatan mampatan yang tinggi// lebih kuat/ keras High compression strength// high stretching strength// resistant to corrosion// high tensile strength// stronger/ harder ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [3 markah] [3 marks]
92 (b) Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang dua jenis kaca P dan kaca Q. Table 5 shows information about two types of glasses P and Q. Jenis kaca Type of glass Komposisi Composition Kegunaan Uses P Silika Silica Natrium karbonat Sodium carbonate Kalsium karbonat Calcium carbonate Tingkap kaca Window glass Q Silika Silica Argentum klorida Silver chloride Kalsium karbonat Calcium carbonate Tingkap kaca Window glass Jadual 5 Table 5 (i) Nyatakan dua persamaan sifat bagi kaca P dan kaca Q. State two similarities of the properties of glass P and glass Q. Lutsinar// transparent Lengai terhadap bahan kimia// inert to chemical Penebat haba// heat insulator Penebat elektrik Kalis air Keras tapi rapuh ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (ii) Jika anda ingin memasang tingkap kaca di rumah anda yang dapat menghalang sinar ultraungu, jenis kaca yang manakah yang anda akan pilih? Berikan alasan anda. If you wish to install a glass window at your house that is able to prevent the ultraviolet rays, which type of glass will be chosen! Give your reason.
93 Q// Kaca fotokromik// photochromic glass ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (iii) Nyatakan satu kegunaan lain kaca yang dinyatakan di 8(b)(ii). State one other uses of the glass that is stated in 8(b)(ii). Tingkap kenderaan// kantan kamera// kaca mata// cermin mata Vehicles window(car window) // camera lenses// eye glasses// spectacles// glasses R : spects// glass // sun glasses// side mirror of vehicles ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] [Selangor2022-Set3-02] 2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan dua jenis bahan buatan dalam industri. Table 2 shows two types of manufactured substances in industry. Bahan Substance Komposisi Composition AloiX Alloy X Kuprum, stanum Copper, tin Komposit Y Composite Y Konkrit, aloi Z Concrete, alloy Z Jadual2 Table 2 (a) (i) Namakan aloi X. Name the alloy X. Gangsa Bronze ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (ii) Terangkan mengapa aloi X lebih keras daripada logam tulen. Explain why alloy X is harder than pure metal. 1.Saiz atom stanum yang berlainan menggangu susunan atom yang teratur dalam logam tulen. 2. Lapisan atom di dalam aloi sukar menggelongsor di atas satu sama lain apabila dikenakan daya.
94 3. The different atomic sizes of tin disturbs the orderly arrangement of atoms in pure metals. 4. The atomic layers in an alloy are difficult to slide on top of each other when subjected to a force. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (b) Namakan bahan komposit Y dan aloi Z. Name the composite material Y and alloy Z. Y: ................................................................................................................. Z: ................................................................................................................. [2 markah] [2 marks] Y: Konkrit diperkukuhkan Reinforced concrete Z: Keluli//Steel [Pahang PPD Jerantut 2022-02] 2. (a) Rajah 2.1 adalah dua pasang cermin mata yang diperbuat dari dua jenis kanta berbeza. Diagram 2.1 shows two pairs of spectacles made from two different types of lenses. Y Z Rajah 2.1 Diagram 2.1 Kanta cermin mata Y diperbuat dari kaca silika terlakur manakala kanta cermin mata Z di perbuat dari kaca fotokromik yang bertukar gelap apabila terkena cahaya matahari. Lens for spectacle Y is made from fused silica glass while lens for spectacle Z is made from photochromic glass which turns dark when exposed to sunlight. (i) Nyatakan dua bahan fotokromik yang digunakan dalam kanta cermin mata Z. State two photochromic material used in spectacle lenses B Argentum klorida // AgCl kuprum(I) klorida // CuCl
95 …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [2 markah][2 mark] (ii) Nyatakan kelebihan kaca fotokromik tersebut State the advantage of the photochromic glass Melindungi pengguna dari sinaran uv …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] (b) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan kereta api Maglev. Kereta api elektrik ini boleh mencapai kelajuan sehingga 581 km/j. Diagram 2.2 shows a Maglev train. This electric train can reach speeds of up to 581km/h. Rajah 2.2 / Diagram 2.2 (i) Nyatakan aloi yang sesuai digunakan dalam pengangkutan ini. State the appropriate alloy used in this transport. Duralumin …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark] (ii) Mengapakah aloi di (b) (i) sesuai digunakan? Why alloy in (b) (i) is suitable to use? Ketumpatan rendah // ringan dan kuat …………………………………………………………………………............……………. [1 markah][1 mark]
96 FORM 5: TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1: Redox reaction/ Bab 1: Tindak balas Redoks [Kelantan2022-06] 6. Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua set eksperimen bagi mengkaji tentang tindak balas redoks. Maklumat eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3. A student conducts two sets of experiments to study redox reactions. The experimental information is shown in Table 3. Set Set Tindak balas Reaction Pemerhatian Observation I Larutan berwama hijau berubah menjadi perang The green solution turn to brown II Enapan pepejal kelabu terenap pada kepingan magnesium Grey solid deposited on magnesium strip Jadual 3 Table 3 (a) Nyatakan maksud tindak balas redoks State the meaning of redox reaction [Dapat menyatakan maksud tindak balas redoks dengan betul] Contoh Jawapan Tindak balas kimia yang melibatkan pengoksidaan dan penurunan berlaku serentak ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah] [1 mark] (b) Berdasarkan Set I Based on Set I (i) Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku Explain the changes that occurred [Dapat menerangkan perubahan dalam pemerhatian dengan betul]
97 Contoh Jawapan Ion ferum (II) ditukarkan kepada ion ferum (III) Ion ferum (II) mengalami proses pengoksidaan. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (ii) Berdasarkan pemerhatian, huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran ion yang menyebabkan warna perang terbentuk. Based on the observations, describe a chemical test to confirm the presence of ions that cause the brown colour to form. [Dapat menghuraikan ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran ion ferum (III) dengan betul] Langkah ujian Pemerhatian Contoh Jawapan Tambahkan larutan natrium hidroksida berlebihan ke dalam tabung uji Mendakan perang terbentuk dan tak larut dalam larutan natrium hidroksida berlebihan ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [2 markah] [2 marks] (c) (i) Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas penurunan dalam Write the half equation for the reduction reaction in Set I :....................................................................................................... Set I Set II : ....................................................................................................... Set II [2 markah] [2 marks] [Dapat menulis setengah persamaan tindak balas penurunan dengan betul] Jawapan Set I : Br2 + 2e → 2BrSet II : Fe2+ + 2e → Fe
98 (ii) Nyatakan fungsi larutan ferum (II) sulfat dalam State the function of iron (II) sulphate solution in Set I :....................................................................................................... Set I Set II : ....................................................................................................... Set II [Dapat menyatakan fungsi larutan ferum (II) sulfat dengan betul] Jawapan Set I : agen penurunan Set II : agen pengoksidaan [2 markah] [2 marks] [Perlis2022-02] 2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate electron transfer at a distance in redox reaction. Rajah 2 Diagram 2 (a) Nyatakan warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat. State the colour of iron(II) sulphate solution. Hijau Green ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark]
99 (b) Apabila litar dilengkapkan, galvanometer menunjukkan satu pesongan. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di elektrod R. When the circuit is completed, the galvanometer shows a deflection. State the type of reaction at R electrode. Pengoksidaan Oxidation ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (c) Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod S, Referring to the reaction that takes place at S electrode, (i) Nyatakan pemerhatian pada larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid. State the observation for acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution. Warna ungu bertukar ke tidak berwarna. Purple colour changes to colourless. reject arrow ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (ii) Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan mangan dalam (c)(i). State the change in oxidation number of mangan in (c)(i). +7 kepada +2 +7 to +2 ..................................................................................................................... [1 markah][1 mark] (d)Lukiskan anak panah pada Rajah 2 untuk menunjukkan arah aliran elektron. Draw the arrow on Diagram 2 to show the direction of electron flow. [1 markah][1 mark] Lukis arah anak panah dari elektrod R ke elektrod S melalui wayar. Draw a direction arrow from R electrode to S electrode through wire